HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF KHILAFAT MOVEMENT:

ROWLATT ACT CONTRIBUTION:

The government of India Act of 1919 fell short of the expectations of
the Indian political parties. It introduced diarchy in the provinces, which
meant subjects were to be divided into reserved and transferred. The
reserved were to be administered by nominated Ministers and then
transferred by the elected ones. While at the center, the British
Governor General remained sole authority. The people could not accept
this after the imposition of unsatisfactory Rowlatt Act and the atrocities
inflicted on the people of Punjab.
WORLD WAR 1 AND THE FALL OF OTTOMON EMPIRE:
During World War I, the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) joined the war in
favour of Germany. But Turkey and Germany lost the war and a pact
commonly known as Istanbul Accord was concluded between the Allied
Forces on 3rd November 1918. According to this Pact the territories of
Turkey were to be divided among France, Greece and Britain.
After the First World War in 1918, British and its allied powers decided
to divide Turkey among themselves. Turkey supported Germany in the
First World War. Germany lost the war and Turkey had to face the
music. British and its allies also resolved to dissolve the designation of
Khilafat. The designation of Khilafat always remained holy and sacred
in the Muslim history. . Ottoman Caliphate The Khilafat movement
(19191924) was a pan-Islamic, political protest campaign launched by
Muslims in British India to influence the British government and to
protect the Ottoman Empire during the aftermath of World War I. The
position of Caliph after the Armistice of Mudros of October 1918 with
the military occupation of Istanbul and Treaty of Versailles (1919) fell
into a disambiguation along with the Ottoman Empires existence. In
India, although mainly a Muslim religious movement, the movement
became a part of the wider Indian independence movement. The
movement was a topic in February 1920 Conference of London. The
movement gained force after the Treaty of Sevres (August 1920) which
imposed the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire and gave Greece a
powerful position in Anatolia, to the distress of the Turks. They called

for help and the movement was the result. The movement collapsed by
late 1922 when Turkey gained a more favorable diplomatic position; by
1924 it simply abolished the roles of sultan and Calif. The cause of the
Ottoman monarch evoked religious passion and sympathy amongst
Indian Muslims. Being a Caliph, the Ottoman emperor was nominally
the supreme religious and political leader of all Muslims across the
world.
SUBCONTINENTS REACTION TOWARDS THE DEMOLITION OF
KHILAFAT:
The demolition of the turkish empires send shockwares in the islamic
world along the subcontinent.as calipahte was considered as holy by
the muslims.As famous muslim leader In 1920, a , Maulana Abul Kalam
Azad, published a book called Masla-e-Khilafat (The Issue of Caliphate),
in which he stated: Without the Caliphate, the existence of Islam is
not possible, the Muslims of India with all their effort and power need
to work for this.