Introduction

Medical researchers continue to examine any health risks associated with mobile
phone use. Research has focused on germs, traffic accidents, cancer,
electromagnetic radiation, and health effects such as changes in brain activity and
sleep patterns.Almost everyone has a mobile phone these days. Everywhere you
go, youll see people sporting the latest mobile phone models. Mobile phones have
completely changed the way people interact. You can call, send text messages, read
emails, play games as well as read and edit documents on the go. Today, the mobile
phone has become part and parcel of many peoples lives. Leaving home without
your phone is akin to leaving without your shoes on. Clearly, the mobile phone is
one of the phenomenal inventions of this age. So what are the repercussions of
constantly using these devices day in day out?
There has been much debate surrounding the possible health effects of cell phone
use. People can avoid the health hazards by understanding what the risks are and
how to avoid them.
Cell Phones and Germs
Mobile phones not only carry important data, but germs too. The average mobile
phone user puts their phone in contact with several places where it can pick up
germs.
Cell Phones and Traffic Hazards

People also put themselves in potentially hazardous situations with their phones in
hand. Using a cell phone while driving is dangerous.

Cell Phones and Eye Health

Small text and bright screens can strain mobile phone users eyes. Since tablet
computers, smartphones, and other hand-held devices are designed for reading at
close range, users eyes must constantly refocus and reposition to process the
graphics and text on screen.

There is more then one advantage and disadvantage of cell phones. Anyone
considering purchasing their first cell phone, or considering getting rid of their cell
phone, should look at the device from several angles.
Importance of Owning a Cell Phone
Many people see cell phones as a luxury or even a toy, and for good reason;
modern cell phones come equipped with games, social networking applications,
and access to the Internet. All of these features go beyond just a functional device
and make a cell phone fun to have around. However, there are several practical
advantages to owning a cell phone.

Free Long Distance

The majority of cell phone minute plans include domestic long distance free. This
is extremely helpful if you frequently call friends or family members out of state,
or if you live in an area where several people have moved to and kept their old area
code. If you were to call any of these people on a landline phone, you would pay

per-minute rates for long distance. By calling out of your area code on your cell
phone, your minutes are deducted from your plan allowance and the long distance
portion is free.

Ability to Keep Your Area Code When You Move

If you are planning to move out of your area, you can take your cell phone number
with you. This is a benefit if you are moving away from family or friends. By
keeping your old area code on your cell phone, family and friends can call you
from their landline phones without having to pay a long distance charge.

Added Convenience
Ever go to the grocery store and forget your shopping list? A quick call home on
your cell phone can remedy that. Ever miss the bus or get stuck in traffic? A quick
call on your cell phone can let someone know where you are and when to expect
you. Cell phones add convenience to our lives. You can call anyone from virtually
anywhere.

Increased Safety
Cell phones add a level of safety to traveling. If you are in a car accident or suffer a
breakdown, you can quickly notify the police, a towing service, or your family. If

you find yourself in an emergency, a cell phone adds a level of security you would
not have otherwise.
Multiple Uses
Mobile phones are convenient devices that can be used for a variety of tasks. You
can listen to music, watch movies, play games, browse, store notes, make video
calls, and also set an alarm for your waking up. You can even use some phones to
control your TV. Mobile phones have become the modern day personal assistant.

No Need for a Landline Telephone

You do not have to have both a landline and a cell phone. Cell phone plans are
getting cheaper, and some of them may actually cost less then landline rates. You
can use your cell phone as your primary line and save the monthly cost of a
landline telephone.
Defect of Cell Phone
Added Costs
Cell phones cost money. First, you will have to purchase a cell phone. While you
may find a free phone option with your new wireless plan, smartphone devices can
cost as much as $400 or more. Then you will have to pay a monthly fee for service.
Service plans vary and can include costs for minutes, text, data, and insurance.

Decrease in Privacy

Every time you have your cell phone with you, it could ring and interrupt what you
are doing. While it is safer to keep your phone with you when you are away from
home, that also leaves you open to calls from your mother, your boss, or anyone
that knows the phone number. This may lead some people to feel like they have
less privacy then before.

Less Reliable then a Landline Telephone

Cell phones work by communicating with a wireless service provider's reception
towers. This means a cell phone, no matter how reliable, is not going to work
everywhere unlike a landline phone, which provides service that is more reliable.

Higher Possibility of Accidents

If you are talking or texting on your cell phone while you are driving, you are far
more likely to be involved in a car accident. Cell phones are a distraction, and
despite several recently imposed laws banning cell phone use while driving, many
people find them almost impossible to ignore.

Impact On Health
The effect mobile phone radiation has on human health is the subject of recent
interest and study, as a result of the enormous increase in mobile phone usage
throughout the world. Mobile phones use electromagnetic radiation in the
microwave range, which some believe may be harmful to human health. A large
body of research exists, both epidemiological and experimental, in non-human

animals and in humans, of which the majority shows no definite causative

relationship between exposure to mobile phones and harmful biological effects in
humans. This is often paraphrased simply as the balance of evidence showing no
harm to humans from mobile phones, although a significant number of individual
studies do suggest such a relationship, or are inconclusive. Other digital wireless
systems, such as data communication networks, produce similar radiation.

On 31 May 2011, the World Health Organization stated that mobile phone use may
possibly represent a long-term health risk, classifying mobile phone radiation as
"possibly carcinogenic to humans" after a team of scientists reviewed studies on
cell phone safety. Mobile phones are in category 2B, which ranks it alongside
coffee and other possibly carcinogenic substances.

At least some recent studies have found an association between cell phone use and
certain kinds of brain and salivary gland tumors. Lennart Hardell and other authors
of a 2009 meta-analysis of 11 studies from peer-reviewed journals concluded that
cell phone usage for at least ten years "approximately doubles the risk of being
diagnosed with a brain tumor on the same ('ipsilateral') side of the head as that
preferred for cell phone use."

One study of past cell phone use cited in the report showed a "40% increased risk
for gliomas (brain cancer) in the highest category of heavy users (reported average:
30 minutes per day over a 10year period)." This is a reversal from their prior
position that cancer was unlikely to be caused by cellular phones or their base

stations and that reviews had found no convincing evidence for other health
effects. Certain countries, including France, have warned against the use of cell
phones especially by minors due to health risk uncertainties. However, a study
published 24 March 2012 in the British Medical Journal questioned these
estimates, because the increase in brain cancers has not paralleled the increase in
mobile phone use.

Aim & Objective Of Cell Phone

World's First Mobile

The first mobile in earth was released by Motorola in the year 1973. The weight of
that model is approximately 2 kg. Now, the latest low weight mobile phone for the
year 2010 is 52.7 gm. This is almost 38 times lesser weight compared to the first
mobile phone. This is really a great technological advancement.

Core purpose of mobile phones - Before 2000

Years before 2000, the main purpose of using a mobile phone is to "talk" with
others. Also, mostly rich people only own mobiles. At that time, Short Text
Messaging (SMS) is not so popular and there are lots of limitations in SMS feature.

While walking through roads, very rarely people can see others carrying mobile
phones.

Diversified usage of mobile phones - From 2001 to 2006

Post 2000, the usage of mobiles got extended. Some features like SMS, Chat etc
are introduced in new models. Especially NOKIA started dominating the market
and Motorola find tougher to compete with NOKIA in this period. NOKIA is
mainly successful for its user friendly menus and features compared to
MOTOROLA. At the end of 2006, the domination of incorporating camera in
mobiles started emerging. Also usage of mobiles extended for hearing music.
Especially, the integration of memory cards in mobile phones is the main reason
for the success of hearing music in mobile phones. The market share of MP3
players started coming down drastically after introduction of this feature.

Extensive usage of mobile phones - Post 2006 till now

After 2006, people started talking about the quality of camera, its resolution, screen
resolution, memory card capabilities, file compatibility etc in mobile phones. MMS
feature is a huge success after the connectivity of Internet through mobiles
emerged. Internet access through mobiles gets its importance only after 2006.

Also mobile phone friendly features like touch pads, stick controls, sliders,
QWERTY keypads, Alpha keypads started emerging its markets during post 2006.
Many new market players started manufacturing mobiles. Especially, in India one
can see approximately 50 mobile phone manufacturing companies.

Whatever feature comes and goes, one thing is sure. The life of mobile phones is
getting reduced drastically. If one compare the present mobile phone's life with the
earlier NOKIA version 5110, the present versions are very poor. Mobile phone
manufacturing companies has to look into this issue.

Conclusion
Deciding whether to take the plunge in to cell phone ownership will be based on
your own personal lifestyle and tastes. For example, the added cost of monthly cell
phone service may seem too high to some while others would rather pay for the
convenience. If you do not make many long distance calls, the free long distance a
cell phone provides would not be of value to you. If you do decide to purchase a
cell phone, there are plans to meet almost any budget and expectation. You can
choose the appropriate plan and tailor it to your liking to get the most benefit. If
you do not decide to purchase a cell phone, many landline service providers offer
discounted rates on services like caller id and long distance.