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I. INTRODUCTION
For inverter-based PV systems in grid-connected
applications as distributed generators (DG), resources
often cause wide variations in the input voltage to
inverters above and below the output ac voltage. This is
particularly true for PV and wind systems. This then
demands the buck-boost (i.e., step-down and step-up)
operation of inverters. A general structure of
the grid-connected PV systems is shown in Figure 1.
Fig 1: PV system
Traditional full-bridge buck inverters as shown in
Figure:2 do not have the flexibility of handling a wide
range of input dc voltage, and require heavy line
frequency step-up transformers [Xue et al., June 2004].
Although this topology currently has the largest market
share of the commercial PV system market due mainly
to its simplicity and electrical isolation, it is gradually
replaced by advanced topologies using more silicon
and less iron. This leads to the pursuance of compact
designs with wide input voltage ranges and improved
efficiency [1-3].
). However,
and
arm (
and
sin t, instead
= (
).
..(2.23)
sin
[sin n (
) - sin n ( +
)]
For n= 1,3,5(2.24)
A computer program is developed to determine the
width of pulses and to evaluate the harmonic profile of
sinusoidal modulation. The harmonic profile is shown in
Figure 2.13 for five pulses per half cycle. The DF is
significantly reduced compared with that of multiple
pulse modulations. This type of modulation eliminates
all harmonics less than or equal to 2p-1. For p=5, the
LOH is ninth.
and angle
of intersection can be
determined from
Where
1-
+m
= M sin [ (
= M sin [ (
Where
..(2.25)
pulse angle
)]
)]
for m = 1,3.,
.(2.26 )
for m = 2,4,.,
..(2.27 )
(or
.. (2.28 )
Table for output voltage and current varying source voltage and modulation index:
SourceVoltage (
Modulation Index
Output Voltage(
Output Current(
Total Harmonic
Distortion
12 V
24 V
48 V
100 V
827.17 mV
4.17 mA
2.70
33.25 mV
165.57 mA
3.29
10
39.94 mV
199.62 mA
1.10
15
40.71 mV
204.17 mA
1.67
5.25 V
26.19 mA
2.51
71.63 V
359.52 mA
3.39
10
82.54 V
413.22 mA
1.18
15
84.06 V
420.34 mA
1.74
16.25 V
81.45 mA
1.27
148.88 V
744.03 mA
3.42
10
167.96 V
839.78 mA
1.22
15
170.71 V
854.05 mA
1.77
39.28 V
197.60 mA
9.02
316.10 V
1.58 A
3.43
10
352.37 V
1.76 A
1.23
15
358.50 V
1.79 A
1.79
Variation in output voltage, output current and THD with the variation of Duty Cycle:
When capacitor is 800u and inductor is 16mh and load 20r
Input voltage
Duty cycle
Out put
voltage
Output current
(
(
12v
.125
90.217 v
4.5109 A
2.0039 %
.135 msec
97.650 v
4.8049 A
2.0002 %
.145 msec
105.468 v
5.2734 A
1.9810 %
.165 msec
119.074 v
5.9775 A
1.9949 %
.185 msec
133.226 v
6.7034 A
1.9887 %
144.536 v
7.2414 A
1.9827 %
msec
155.631 v
7.7583 A
1.9768 %
.225 msec
162.659 v
8.1390 A
1.9669 %
.245 msec
176.113 v
8.8542 A
1.9720 %
.265 msec
179.449 v
8.9639 A
1.9676 %
179.200 v
9.0100 A
1.9676 %
.2
.215
.3
msec
THD
msec
msec
Variation in output voltage, output current and THD with the variation of Duty Cycle:
When capacitor is 500u and inductor is 16mh and load 20r
Input voltage
Duty cycle
Out put
voltage
Output current
(
(
12v
.125
137.705
6.8927
4.2902
.135 msec
149.153
7.3964
4.2717
.145 msec
159.755
7.9327
4.2454
.165 msec
183.051
9.111
4.2633
.185 msec
203.894
11.299
4.2578
221.496
11.073
4.2523
msec
237.288
11.887
4.2435
.225 msec
246.908
12.429
4.2466
.245 msec
274.041
13.559
4.2470
.265 msec
282.096
13.672
4.2329
281.812
13.672
4.2329
.2
.215
.3
msec
THD
msec
msec
Variation in output voltage, output current and THD with the variation of Capacitors value:
Capacitor
value
Output
voltage
Output
current
(volt)
(Ampere)
415.254
20.113
60.37
Huge
distortion
406.780
20.329
21.789
300 u
375.706
18.814
9.8105
400 u
322.034
16.064
6.1030
500u
273.446
13.559
4.2392
600u
235.028
11.638
3.1463
700u
203.649
10.197
2.4374
800u
181.447
8.9845
1.9641
900u
159.322
7.9540
1.632
1000u
143.463
7.1832
1.3898
1100u
131.073
6.5537
1.2121
1200u
119.993
6.0039
1.0599
1500u
94.757
4.7458
0.8657
2000u
72.316
3.6158
0.8091
3000u
50
2.4954
0.9223
4000u
36.441
1.8220
0.9900
6000u
24.625
1.2305
1.123
9000u
17
863.211
mA
1.21
1m
143.081
7.17
1.3898
2m
71
3.44
0.809
4m
37
1.8171
0.990
8m
18.699
934.763
mA
1.19
12m
14
704.791
mA
1.3
100 u
200
Inductor
value
16mH
THD
%
Variation in output voltage, output current and THD with the variation of Inductors value:
Capacitor
value
Inductor
value
Output
voltage
Output
current
THD
354.802
17.947
33.125
10
411.079
20.840
9.2687
15
291.525
14.626
4.7159
20
216.949
10.841
2.9239
25
171.751
8.5990
2.0287
35
119.744
6.0452
1.2643
60
68.927
3.5547
1.6319
80
52.632
2.5945
2.8683
Stability
comes lately
100
43.108
2.1695
6.8291
200
Huge
Distortion
300
500 u
mH
550 u
17 mH
237.288
11.977
3.2748
IV. CONCLUSION
In our work, our findings are that the output is greatly affected by the modulation index and Duty cycle.. In our next
work we intend to develop a robust close-loop control scheme for a boost inverter.
References:
[1] Ramon O. Caceres and Ivo Barbi, A Boost DCAC Converter: Analysis, Design, and Experimentation, IEEE
Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 134-141, January 1999.
[2] Vatche Vorperian, Simplified Analysis of PWM Converters Using Model of PWM Switch Part I: Continuous
Conduction Mode, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 490-496, May
1990.
[3] Khai D. T. Ngo, Alternate Forms of the PWM Switch Models, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic
Systems, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 1283-1292, October 1999.
[4] Ramon O. Caceres, Ivo Barbi, A Boost DCAC Converter: Analysis, Design, and Experimentation, IEEE
transactions on power electronics, vol. 14, pp. 134-141, January 1999.
[5] R. C aceres and I. Barbi, A boost dcac converter: Operation, analysis, control and experimentation, in
Proc. Int. Conf. Industrial Electronics, Control and Instrumentation (IECON95), pp. 546551, Nov. 1995
.