Anatomy Study Guide

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Skin
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Epidermis
Dermis
Sweat glands
Hair follicles
o Cleavage tension line (of Langer)
Subcutaneous Tissue
o Nerves
o Blood Vessels
o Lymphatic Vessel and Lymph Nodes
o Skin Ligaments
o Bursae(Membrane-lined potential spaces permitting skin to move feely over bony
prominences)
Deep Fascia
o Periosteum Blend
o Retinacula (thickened part hold tendons against bones)
o Tendon Sheaths, muscular trochlae (pulleys)
o Aponeuroses (Flat, sheet-like tendons of certain muscles)
o Thoracolumbar Fascia
Muscles
o Trapezius Muscles
Descending(superior_
Transverse(Middle)
Ascending(inferior)
o Latissimus Dorse
o Iliac Crest
o Spine of scapula (shoulder blades)
o Teres Major(inferior)
o Teres Minor (superior)
o External Oblique Muscle
o Rhomboid Major (inferior)
o Rhomboid Minor (Superior
o Supraspinatus Muscle
o Deltoid Muscle
o Scapula
o Serratus posterior superior
o Sternocleidomastoid
o Splenius
o External Oblique
o Inferior Oblique
o Erector Spinae Muscles(inward out-Salt Lake International)

Spinalis Muscle
Longissimus Muscle
Illiocostalis Muscle
o Illicostalis Lumborum
o Transverus abdominis
o Multifidus muscles
o Interspinalis lumborum muscle
o External Intercostal Muscles
o Rotatores
o Levatores Costarum
Skeletal System
o Axial-Head, Neck and truck
o Appendiculer (Bones of limbs)
Spinal Cord
o Segments
C1-C5
T1-T12
L1-L6
S1-S5
Coccyx
o Vertebrae
Body
Foramen
Superior Costal Facet
Pedicle
Lamina
Spinous Process
Superior Vertebral Notch
Transverse Costal Facet
Superior and Inferior Articular Face
Intervertebral Disks
Anulus Fibrosis Nucleus pulposus
Intervertebral foramina
Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Ligamentum Flavum
o Nervous System
DRG
VRG
Nerve superior vertebra for C2-C7, nerves inferior from T1 to Coccyx
Anterior ramus
Posterior Ramus
Cauda Equina

Dura Mater
Subarachnoid Space
Pia Mater
Ligamentum flavum
Denticulate Ligament
White Rami Communicans
Grey Rami Communicans
Conus Medullaris
Filum Terminale
Iliohypogastric nerve
Iloinguinal Nerve
Lumbar Puncture
Skin->fat->supraspinous ligament->interspinous ligament->ligamentum
flavum(first pop)-> Dura mater (second pop)-> Arachnoid mater>subarachnoid space

Anterior Thoracic Wall

Thoracentesis
o Skin->Superficial fascia->External Intercostal Muscle->Internal Intercostal->Inner
Intercostal muscle-> Endothoracic fascia->Parietal pleura->visceral pleura
Bones
o Sternun
o Manubrium
o Sternal Angle(rib 2)
o Xiphoid Process
o Constochondral Junction
o Sternocostal join
o Costal groove
o Tubercle
o Transverse crest
o Intervertebral foramen
o Costotransverse joint
o Suprasternal notch
Superior border of manubrium
Muscle
o External intercostals
o Internal Intercostals
o Innermost intercostals
o Internal Oblique
o External Oblique
o Rectus Abdomines
o Transverse abdomines
o Transverse thoracis muscle
o Anterior Scalene

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Nerves
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Middle Scalene
Posterior Scalene
Serratus Anterior
Sternothyroid
Sternohyoid
Diaphragm
Levels at which other structurs connect to the diaphragm
I(inferior vena cava) 8 10 eggs(esophoagus) at(aorta) 12
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Intercosta muscles
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Anterior scalene
*Cricoid cartilage

Phrenic Nerve
Lateral cutaneous branch of intercostal nerve
Long Thoracic Nerve
Intercostobrachial nerve
Lateral Cutaenous branches of intercostal nerves and posterior intercostal arteries
Sympathetic Trunk and ganglia
Dorsal ramus of thoracic nerve
Lateral branch of dorsal ramus of thoracic nerve
Vasculature
o Circumflex Scapular
o Subscapular
o Lateral Thoracic
o Superior Thoracic Artery
o Superior Epigastric artery
o Common Carotid Artery
o Inferior Thyroid Artery
o Vertebral Artery
o Braciocephalic trunk
o Braciocephalic vein
o Subclavian Artery
o Subclavian vein
o Pericardiocophrenic artery and vein
o Internal Jugular vein
o Musculophrenic artery
o Musculophrenic vein
o Costacervical trunk
o Subclavian artery
Respiratory
o Nasal Cavity

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Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Carina
Left Main bronchus
Left superior upper lobe
Inferior Lobe
Right Main Bronchus
Superior lobe
Middle lobe
Inferior lobe
Cervical cupula of parietal pleura

Middle Mediastinum

Mediastinum
o Superior Mediastinum
T4/Sternal angle and up
o Anterior Mediastinum
Pericardium and anterior
o Middle Mediastinum
Pericardium
o Posterior Mediastinum
Pericardium to spine
Vasulature
o Internal Thoracic Artery
o Internal Mammary Artery
o Thoracic Duct
o Azygous
o Hemiazygous
o Inferior Pulmonary Vein
o Hepatic Veins
o Hepatic portal veins
o Right renal vein
o Left gastric vein
o Right gastric vein
Nerves
o Phrenic nerves
o Right vagus nerve
o Right recurrent laryngeal nerve
o Right pulmonary plexus
o Left vagus nerve
o Greater splanhcic
o Lesser Splanchic

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Left recurrent laryngeal

Cardiac Plexus(left)
Left pulmonary plexus
Esophogeal nerve plexus
Gray and white communicancs
Intercostal NN- sources of sensory innervation peripheral diaphragm and
costodiapphramatic recess
Muscles
o Trachealis
o Esophagus
o Internal intercostal membrane deep to external intercostal muscles
Pericardium
o Bare Area
o Fibrous Pericardium
Fluid stuck here is cardiac tamponade
o Serous Pericardium
Parietal Layer
Visceral Layer(Epicardium)
Serous cells secrete here in pericarditis
Cardiac
o Epicardium(visceral layer)
o Myocardium
o Endocardium
Pectinate Muscles Atrium
Trabeculae Carnae
Septomarginal trabecular- specialized trabecular fiber w/ specialized
nerve conducting fibers
Posterior papillary muscles
Auricles
Fossa Ovalis(Foramen ovale closed)
Tendinous Cordis
Semilunar valves
Cusps
Lunula
Nodule
Conus Arteriosum (infundibulum)
o Right Atrium
Tricuspid valve
Sulcus terminalis
Crista Termanils
Interarterial septum
o Right Ventricle
Septomarginal trabecular(moderator band)

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Left Atrium
Bicuspid valve
Left Ventricle
R. Auricle and L. Auricle
Intraventricular septum
Pars Muscalaris (inferior)
Pars Membranacea (superior)
Coronary Vessels
Superior Vena Cava
Ligament of Marshal
Right brachiocephalic vein
Left braciocephalic vein
Pulmonary Trunk
Anterior semilunar cusp
Ascending Aorta
Posterior semilunar cups
Aortic Arch
o Brachiocephalic artery
o Left Common Carotid artery
o Left subclavian artery
o Variations
Double Aortic Arch
Retroesophogeal right subclavian
Patent Ductus arteriosus
o Ligamentum arteriosum
Left descending laryngeal comes right under it
Arotic Sinus
o Inside Cusp-created in diastole, flling cusps and dilating aorta
Heart Arterial Blood Supply
Right coronary Artery(pacemaker supply)
o SA Node artery
o Marginal Branchs
Supplies R. ventricular wall
o Posterior Interventricular Artery
Supplies Posterior right ventricle and IV septum
o AV Node Branch artery
85% of supplies AV node
LCA
o LAD
Run in interventricular sulcus supplies portion of
interventricular septum and left ventricle
o Circumflex Artery
Circles posterior in AV sulcus, supplies IV Posterior IV
septal wall(15% of the time)

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Possible diverges left marginal artery

Coronary veins
o Great Cardiac vein
Runs long LAD, embedded in IV sulcus
o Middle Cardiac Vein
Runs in Posterior IV sulcus, drains posterior septal
ventricular areas
o Small Cardiac veins
Begins near apex, runs posterior with right coronary
artery
o Coronary Sinus
Terminal Collecting vessel, empties into right right
atrium
Receives all veins except anterior cardiac vein and
Thebesian vein
Remnant of left common cardial vein, embryological
equivalent of SVC
o Thebsian Veins
Drain directly from myocardium to heart
CABG procedures makes use of these vessels

Skeleton
Annuli fibrosis
Right and Left bundle Branches

Superior Mediastinum

Thymus
o Vascular Supply
Internal Thoracic Arety & vein
Thymuc Vein
Left internal thoracic vein & left superior intercostal vein
Inferior thyroid vein
Right internal thoracic vein
Nerves
o Same as ones above
Right Lymphatic Duct
o Upper right portion of body
Thoracic duct
o Fed from lower lymph nodes to cisterna chyii to thoracic duct
o Turns Left at T5
Azygous system
o Drainage of posterior body wall
o Pathway to bypass SVC thrombus

o Right azygous
o Left Hemiazygous
Jugular Notch

Lungs/Pleura

Trachea->Primary Bronchus->Secondary bronchi->Terminal bronchiole->respiratory bronchiole>alveolar duct->Alveolus

Left Lung
o Lung
Superior Lobe
Inferior Lobe
Lingula
Cardiac notch
Oblique Fissure
Muscalophrenic artery
Internal Thoracic artery
Groove of arch for aorta
Groove for descending aorta
Pulmonary ligament
Hilum
Pleural sleeve
Left Main Bronchus
Pulmonary Artery (superior)
Pulmonary veins
Area for thymus and fatty tissue
Cardiac notch
Right Lung
o Superior Lobe
o Middle Lobe
o Inferior Lobe
o Horizontal fissure
o Oblique fissure
o Groove first rib
o Groove for superior and inferior vena cava
o Groove for azygous vein
o Cardiac impression
o Hilum
Pleural sleeve
Right main bronchus
Pulmoanry artery(anterior, think RALS- right anterior, left superior)
Lymph nodes
Bronchial vessels
Pulmonary veins
Trachea

o Hyaline Cartilage
o Mucosa of posterior wall with elastic fibers
o Trachealis
o Carina
Lymph nodes
o Subpleural lymphatic plexus
o Pulmonary intrapulmonary nodes
o Bronchopulpmnary (hilar) nodes
o Superior tracheobronchical node
o Right bronchiomediastinal trunl
o Inferior tracheobronchial carinal node
o Bronchopulmonary node
Pleura
o Visceral
o Parietal
Costal
Diaphragmatic
Mediastina
Cervical Pleura

Kidney

Lateral Border
Inferior Pole
Superior Pole
Fibrous Capsule
Medial border
Hilum
o Renal Artery
o Renal Plevis
o Renal Pelvis
Ureter
Cortex
o Renal Corpuscles(Glomeruli)
Medulla(pyramids)
Renal Papilla
Renal Column
Major Callices
Minor Callices
Renal Parenchyma
Arcuate arteries
Interlobular arteries

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Mitral Valve
Pulmonary Artery
Pectinate Muscle of Right Atrium
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Left Lung +lingula
Atherosclerosis
Coronary Bypass Graft/ L. Internal Mammillary Artery
Impression of the arch of the aorta on left lung
Cranial Nerve 11 (spinal accessory)
Erector Spinae
Cauda Equina
Cell Bodies of sensory neurons within the DRG
Denticulate Ligament
Pericardiocophrenic Vein
Transverse Vein
Transverse Costal Facet
Branch to the SA node off of the RCA
Right Internal Thoracic Artery
Left Common Carotid Artehry
Auricle
Fourth Intercostal Nerve
Anterior Lonitudinal Ligamnet
Vein, Artery, Nerve (VAN)
T4-T5, the carina, Goes down Right Main bronchi first
ECG leads
Moderator Band or septomarginal trabecular
Left Vagus Nerve
Coronary Ostium
Foramen OVale
Internal Intercostal Muscles, experiation
Oblique fissure of right lung
Xiphoid Process
Layers of Lumbar Puncture: Skin->Fascia->interspinous ligament->ligamentum flavum->Epidural
Space->dura mater->subarachnoid space
34. Posterior Cusp of Aortic Valve