16 Tenses of English

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com
CHAPTER I
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
1.1 THE USE OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE
We use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something which is
happening at the time of speaking.
Example : Please dont make so much noise. Im studying.
We also use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something
which is happening around the time of speaking, but not necessarily exactly at
the time of speaking.
Example : Silvia is learning English at the moment.
We often use the Present Continuous when we talk about a period around the
present.
Example :Youre working hard today. Yes, I have a lot of to do
We use the present continuous when we talk about the changing situation.
Example : The population without jobs is increasing very fast.
1.2. THE ADVERBS OF TIME USED
The adverbs of time used in Present Continous tense are NOW, RIGHT NOW,
TOMORROW,ETC
1.3. THE PATTERN OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE
The patterns of Present continous tense consist of :
1.3.A. Positive Pattern
S + am/is/are + Verb 4.Now
S + sedang + 4..sekarang
Examples :
1. I am studying English now.
2. We are going to Jakarta tomorrow (akan)
3. You are singing now.
4. He is making a cake now.
5. she is sewing a shirt now.
Communicative English Course
Source Document : muridmengajar.blogspot.com
6. They are playing football in the field now.

7. Tom and Ani are doing their homework tomorrow.
8. The students are doing sport now.
1.3.b The Negative Pattern
S + am/is/are + Not + Verb 4 Now
S + tidak sedang + 4 .sekarang
Example :
1. I am not studying now
2. He is not sleeping now
3. My father is not watching television now.
4. we arent going to Jakarta Tomorrow.
1.3.c. The Interrogative Pattern
Am/Is/Are + S + Verb 4..Now?
Apakah + S + sedang + 4sekarang ?
Examples :
1. Are you studying English now ? Yes, I am/ No, I am not
2. Is he eating fried rice now? Yes, he is/ No, he isnt
3. Is your father working in the office now? Yes, He is/No, He isnt
1.3.d. Qusetion-word Pattern
QW + Am/Is/Are + S + Verb 4...Now?
QW + yang + S + 4..sekarang?
Examples :
1. what are you doing now ? studying
2. Where is he studying English now ? at school
EXERCISE I : Translate these sentences into English.
1. Jack sedang tidur sekarang
2. Mary sedang mengerjakan tugas itu
3. Kami sedang menonton sebuah film di televisi
4. Mereka sedang bermain bola di halaman sekarang
5. Guru itu sedang menerangkan pelajaran itu.
6. Perusahaan itu sedang tumbuh dengan pesat sekarang.
7. Harga saham di bursa Efek Jakarta sedang naik sekarang
8. Pak Adi sedang mengajar bahasa Inggris di kampus sekarang
9. Polisi tersebut sedang mencari Ali sekarang.
10. Ana, Ani, dan Tom sedang berdiskusi sekarang.
EXERCISE 2 : Change the following sentences into (+), (-), and (?)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
They are speaking English now.

We are not reading now.
Is your mother frying rice now? No, she isnt.
What is your father looking at now ? a picture.
He is watching Plan to kill on TV now.
The teacher is not explaining tenses to the students now.
Is Maradona playing football in Argentina Now?
EXERCISE 3 : Write questions by using question words based on the

underlined words in the following sentences.
1. John is eating a plate of rice in the dining room now.
2. The cat is eating fried chicken in the kitchen now.
3. Tom and Jerry are quarrelling about food now.
4. My father is teaching Biology at school now.
EXERCISE 4 : Answer the following questions with your own words.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Are you studying English now ?

Is your father reading a newspaper now?
Is your mother sewing a shirt now?
Are They singing a song at home now?
Is Mr.Adi teaching English at school now?
What is your mother doing now?
What is your brother doing now?
EXERCISE 5 : Write sentences by using the following verbs

Writing, speaking, sewing, growing, discussing, doing, hunting,eating, drinking,
dancing, singing, making, building, teaching, explaining, talking,
watching,
shopping, sleeping, typing, driving, riding, training, working
CHAPTER 2
PAST TENSE
2.1. The Use of Simple Past Tense
We use the past simple to talk about actions or situations in the past.
2.2. The Adverbs of time used
The adverbs of time used in this tense are Yesterday, last.., a week ago, this
morning , last night, yesterday morning, yesterweek, yestermonth, yesteryear,
etc.
2.3. The Patterns of Simple Past Tense
2.3.1. The Positive Pattern

S + Verb 2 Yesterday
S + 2..
Examples :
1. John saw a crocodile in the river yesterday.
2. We studied English here last week.
3. They played football in the field yesteryear
2.3.2. The Negative Pattern
S + didnt + Verb 1 ..Yesterday
S + tidak + 1kemarin
Examples :
1. John didnt see a crocodile in the river yesterday.
2. We didnt study here last week.
3. They didnt play football in the field yesteryear.
2.3.3. The Interrogative Pattern
Did + S + Verb 1..Yesterday?
Apakah + S + 1kemarin?
Examples:
1. Did John see a crocodile in the river yesterday ? Yes, he did/No, he didnt
2. Did you study here last week ? Yes, we did/ No, we didnt
3. Did they play football in the field yesteryear? Yes, they did/No, they
didnt
2.3.4. The Question-word Pattern
QW + did + S + Verb 1.Yesterday?
Qw + yang + S + 1.?
Examples:
1. What did John see in the river yesterday ? a crocodile
2. When did John see a crocodile in the river? yesterday
QW + Verb 2.Yesterday? S + did
QW + 2..?
Examples :
1. Who saw a crocodile in the river yesterday ? John did
2. What grew in the rice-field last year? A coconut tree did
EXERCISE I : Translate these sentences into English !
1. Kami menjual mobil kami kemarin
2. Apakah kamu pergi ke luar tadi malam ?
3. Dia tidak datang ke pesta itu minggu lalu
4. Apakah kamu tidur nyenyak tadi malam ?
5. Kami menjual rumah kami di Jakarta tahun lalu.
6. Manajer pemasaran tersebut melakukan penelitian minggu lalu.
7. Apakah perusahaan anda menjual kursi tahun lalu ? Ya.
8. Kapan anda menjalankan usaha anda di Jakarta ? tahun lalu
9. Siapa yang membuat kue itu kemarin ? ibu saya.
10. Apa yang jatuh di jalan kemarin ? Tas saya.
EXERCISE II. Change the following sentences into (+), (-), ( ?), Present
Continous Tense.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Tom saw the cats having business under the tree yesterday
They played cricket at school last week
Did the policeman arrest the thief last night ?
The teacher did not attend the meeting this morning
Chapter 3
PRESENT FUTURE TENSE
We often use will in this situation:
Offering to do something:
e.g. That bag looks heavy. Ill help with it.
Agreeing and refusing to do something:
e.g. Ive asked john to help me but he wont
Promising to do something.
e.g. I will come to your house tonight. I promise.
Asking someone to do something.
Will you close the window,please!
A. The positive pattern of Present Future tense is as follows:
S + will/shall + Verb 1 Tomorrow
S + akan + 1 .
Example:
1. John will run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month.
2. Mrs.Maria Eva will play badminton tomorrow
B. The negative pattern of Present Future tense is as follows:
S + wont/shant + Verb 1 Tomorrow
S + tidak akan + 1 ..
Example:
1. John wont run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month.
2. Mrs.Maria Eva wont play badminton tomorrow
C. The Interrogative pattern of Present Future tense is as follows

Will/Shall + S + Verb 1.. Tomorrow?
Apakah + S + akan + 1..?
1. will John run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month? Yes, He will/No,he wont.
2. will Mrs.Maria Eva play badminton tomorrow? Yes, She will/No, she wont
D. The QW pattern of Present Future tense is as follows
QW + will/shall + S + Verb 1.Tomorrow?
QW + yang + S + akan + 1.?
1.
2.
3.
4.
when will John run a restaurant in Jakarta? Next month

who will run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month? John will
where will John run a restaurant Next month? Next month
what will John do in Jakarta Next month? Running a restaurant
We often use will to be going to when we say what we have already decided to do,
what we intend to do in the future.
e.g. A:Theres a film on television tonight. Are you going to watch it?
B: No, I am too tired. I am going to have an early night.
The pattern :
S + am/is/are + going to + Verb 1
S +am/is/are + not + going to + Verb 1
Am/is/are + S + going to + Verb 1.. .?
QW + am/is/are + S + going to + verb 1 ..?
4. PRESENT TENSE
Present Tense is used to talk about something in general. And it is also used to talk
about something which is happened repeatedly or habituallly activities.
e.g. + The earth goes round the sun

- The earth doesnt go round the sun
? Does the earth go round the sun ?
+ I get up at 8 oclock every morning

- I dont get up at 8 oclock every morning
? Do you get up at 8 oclock very morning?
The pattern :
S + Verb 1 (s/es) Everyday/today
S + dont/doesnt + Verb 1 Everyday/today
Do/Does + S + Verb 1Everyday/today?
QW + Do/does + S + Verb 1.Everyday/today?
We use the present simple when wse say how often we do things:
e.g. How often do you go to the dentist ?
Mary doesnt often drink tea.
5. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

We use past continuous Tense to say that someone was in the middle of doing
something at a certain time. The action or situation had already started before this
time but hadnt finished:
This time last year I was living in Brazil

We often use the past continuous Tense and the past simple together to say that
something happened in the middle of something else:
When I was working in the garden, I hurt my back.
The pattern :
S + was/were + verb 4.When + s + Verb 2.
S + was/were + not + Verb 4.When + s + Verb 2
Was/were + S + verb 4. When + s + Verb 2 . .?
QW + was/were + S + verb 4When + s + Verb 2 ?
e.g. + She was cooking rice when Tom came yesterday

-
She wasnt cooking rice when Tom came yesterday
? Was she cooking rice when Tom came yesterday ?
6. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

We often use the present perfect Tense to give new information or to announce
recent happening:
e.g. Do you know about Mary ? Shes gone to Jakarta.
We can use the Present Perfect Tense with already to say that something has
happened sooner than expected :
e.g. Dont forget to post this letter, will you? Ive already posted it.
We can use the Present Perfect Tense with just (= a short time ago)
e.g. Would you like something to eat? No, thanks. Ive just had lunch.
We talk about a period of time that continuous up to the present, we use the
present perfect.
e.g. Dave: Have you travelled a lot, Nora?
Nora: Yes, I have been to 47 different countries.
We often use ever and never with the present perfect:
e.g. have you ever eaten caviar?
We have never had a car.
We have to use present perfect Tense with This is the first time, It the first
time
e.g. This is the first time he has driven a car. (not drives)
We often use the present perfect with yet. Yet shows that the speaker is expecting
something to happen. Use yet only in questions and negative sentences: e.g. Has it
stopped raining yet ? (not did it stop).
The pattern:
S + have/has + verb 3.etc
S + havent/hasnt + Verb 3..etc
Have/has + S + verb 3.. .etc?
QW + have/has + S + verb 3..etc?
7. PAST PERFECT TENSE

We use the Past perfect to say that something had already happened before this
time :
10
Example :
-
When I arrived at the party, Tom had already gone home

When I got home, I found that someone had broken into my flat and had
stolen my fur coat.
George didnt want to come to the cinema with us because he had already
seen the film twice.
It was my first time in an aeroplane. I was very nervous because I hadnt
flown before.
The pattern:
S + had + verb 3when/before S + V2
S + hadnt + Verb 3 when/before S + V2
Had + S + verb 3 when/before S + V2 ?
QW + had + S + verb 3 when/before S + V2 ?
Translate these sentences into English !
1.
2.
3.
4.
Rumah itu sangat sunyi ketika saya tiba. Semua orang sudah pergi tidur.
Saya merasa sangat lelah ketika saya pulang, jadi saya langsung pergi tidur
Saya tidak lapar, saya baru saja makan siang.
To tidak bearada di rumah ketika saya tiba. Dia baru saja keluar.
8. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

S + have/has + been + verb 4etc
S + havent/hasnt + been + verb 4etc
11
Have/has + S + been + verb 4.etc ?

QW + have/has + S + been + verb 4etc ?
Example :
-
Pelajar pelajar tengah menyanyi sejak pagi ini
+ The students have been singing since this morning

- The students havent been singing since this morning
? Have the students been singing since this morning ?
1. Hari sudah hujan selama dua jam
2. Berapa lama kamu sudah belajar bahasa inggris ?
3. Saya sudah menonton acara TV tersebut sejak dua jam
4. Dia (pr) sudah bermain tenis sejak dia berumur 8 tahun
5. Berapa lama kamu suah merokok ?
6. Mereka sudah bermain PS selama tiga jam
9. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

S + had been + verb 4when S + V2
S + hadnt been + Verb 4 when S + V2
12
Had + S + been + verb 4 when S + V2 ?

QW + had + S + been + verb 4 when S + V2 ?
Example :
- Mereka tengah mengerjakan PR ketika saya datang kemarin
+ They had been doing the homework when I came yesterday
- They hadnt been doing the homework when I came yesterday
? Had they been doing the homework when I came yesterday ?
1. Mereka sudah bermain bola selama satu jam ketika ada petir yang
menakutkan
2. Ken sudah merokok selama 30 tahun ketika akhirnya dia berhenti
3. Orkestra itu sudah bermain selama sepuluh menit ketika seorang laki laki
berteriak
4.
Saya sudah mengetik selama tiga puluh menit ketika listrik itu padam
5. Mereka sudah tidur selama 6 jam ketika kebakaran itu terjadi
10. PRESENT FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

S + will be + Verb 4 + O + at..oclock
S + wont be + Verb 4 + O + at..oclock
13
Will + S + be + Verb 4 + O + at.oclock ?

QW + will + S + be +Verb 4oclock ?
Example :
-
Kamu sedang akan pergi ke sekolah pukul 7 besok pagi
+ You will be going to school at seven oclock tomorrow morning

- You wont be going to school at seven oclock tomorrow morning
? Will you be going to school at seven oclock tomorrow morning ?
1. George sedang akan meninggalkan Indonesia pada pukul 9 besok pagi
2. Saya sedang akan menyelesaikan PR itu sore nanti
3. Dia (pr) sedang akan menonton acara di stadion tersebut nanti malam
4. Mereka sedang akan makan malam di restauran itu nanti malam
5. Para karyawan sedang akan menyelesaikan pekerjaan itu pukul 9 nanti malam
11. PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

S + will have + verb 3 + .by the end
S + wont have + Verb 3 + ..by the end.
14
Will + S + have + Verb 3 + by the end. ?

QW + will + S + have +Verb 3 +by the end ?
Example :
- Kita sudah akan tiba di Jakarta besok sore.
+ We will have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon
- We wont have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon
? Will we have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon ?
1. John sudah akan selesai mengerjakan pekerjaanya menjelang akhir minggu ini
2. Menjelang minggu depan saya akan selesai membaca buku ini
3. Menjelang bulan depan dia akan membayar hutangnya
4. Kami sudah akan mendapat rumah baru menjelang akhir tahun ini
12. PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

S + will have been + verb 4since.
S + wont have been + verb 4.since.
15
Will + S + have been + verb 4since.?

QW + will + S + have been + verb 4.since..?
Example :
-
Mereka tengah akan belajar sejak pagi besok
+ They will have been studying since this morning

- They wont have been studying since this morning
? Will they have been studying since this morning ?
1. Menjelang akhir tahun ini kami akan sudah mempelajari bahasa inggris
selama tiga tahun
2. Menjelang hari natal saya akan sudah bekerja di kantor ini selama lima tahun
3. Menjelang liburan sekolah ini saya sudah mengikuti tes selama 5 kali
4. Menjelang hari raya idul fitri saya sudah akan dua kali pulang ke desa
13. PAST FUTURE TENSE

S + would + V1IF + S + verb 2.etc
S + wouldnt + verb 1.+ object..etc
16
Would + S + verb 1 .+ object ...etc ?

Example :
1. Saya akan datang ANDAIKATA kamu mengundang saya
I would come if you invited me
2. Tom akan melakukan perjalanan JIKAdia punya uang
Tom would travel if he had more money
Exercise : Translate these sentences into English!

1. Jika saya jadi kamu, saya tidak akan membeli rumah itu
2. Saya akan keluar jika hari tidak hujan
3. Jika saya kaya, saya akan membeli sebuah villa
4. Jika saya dapat berbicara bahasa inggris, saya akan pergi keluar negeri
5. Saya tidak akan keberatan tinggal di Amerika jika cuacanya bagus
14. PAST FUTURE CINTINUOUS TENSE

S + would be + Verb 4when S + verb 2.etc
S + wouldnt + be + verb 4.when S + verb 2etc
17
Would + S + be + verb 4 .. when S + verb 2etc ?

Example :
-
Sedianya mereka sedang akan pulang KETIKA kami datang
+ They would be going home when we came

- They wouldnt be going home when we came
? Would they be going home when we came ?
1. Saya akan sedang menempuh ujian hari berikutnya pada waktu itu
2. Kami akan sedang membangun rumah itu pada waktu itu
3. Mereka sedang akan bermain babak kedua pada pertandingan sepakbola
waktu itu.
15. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

S + would have + verb 3..IF + S + had + verb 3.
S + wouldnt have + verb 3 object..etc
18
Would + S + have + verb 3 .object..etc ?

Example :
-
Ia sudah akan menjadi presiden ANDAIKATA partainya menang dalam

pemilihan umum.
He would have become a presiden if his party had won in general election

1. Jika saya telah mengetahui bahwa kamu sakit, saya akan menemuimu
2. Tom tidak akan mengikuti ujian itu jika dia mengetahui bahwa soalnya akan
begitu sulit.
3. Jika saya berjumpa dengan mu, saya akan mengatakan hello
4. Jika saya telah mengumpulakan uang, saya akan menikahi mu
5. Saya akan mengirim surat ini jika kamu telah selesai membuatmya
16. PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

S + would have + been + verb 4..IF + S + had + verb 3.
19
S + wouldnt have been + verb 4.objectetc

Would + S + have been + verb 4.. .object..etc ?
Example :
-
Sedianya rapat tengah akan dimulai sejak pagi ANDAIKATA walikota

sudah datang tepat pada waktunya
The meeting would have been starting since this morning if Mayor had come
on time.

1. Sedianya concert itu tengah akan dimulai andaikata artis artis itu datang pada
waktunya.
2. Sedianya saya tengah akan tidur andaikata mereka belum datang
3. Andaikata ayah saya telah selesai berbelanja, ibu saya akan memasak
makanan itu
17. Abbreviation (singkatan)

1. I am
= Im
2. You are
= Youre
20
3. We are
= Were
4. They are
= Theyre
5. He is
= Hes
6. She is
= Shes
7. It is
= Its
8. Will not
= wont
9. Would not
= Wouldnt
10. Do not
= Dont
11. Does not
= Doesnt
12. Did not
= Didnt
13. Is not
= Isnt
14. Are not
= Arent
15. Was not
= Wasnt
16. Were not
= Werent
17. Have not
= Havent
18. Has not
= Hasnt
19. Had not
= Hadnt
20. Can not
= Cant
21. Could not
= Couldnt
22. Must not
= Mustnt
23. Should not
= Shouldnt
24. Might not
= Mightnt
25. May not
= Maynt
18. PASSIVE VOICE (IN POSITIVE FORM)

Penjelasan:
1. Kalimat pasif ialah suatu kalimat yang subjeknya dikenai oleh suatu perbuatan
atau yang predikatnya berawalan di/ ter
21
2. Kata kerja yang digunakan harus kata kerja transitive, yaitu kata kerja yang
bisa diikuti oleh suatu objek atau benda.
3. Rumus kalimat pasif dalam bahasa inggris adalah sebagai berikut:
S + To be + V3by
4. To be berfungsi untuk menentukan Tenses dari suatu kalimat dan untuk
membentuk awalan : di.atau: ter
5. To be dapat dijabarkan dalam 16 Tenses (lihatlah 16 Tenses pada rumus
kalimat aktif)
Pelajarilah Rumus dibawah ini :

1. Present Future Tense: S + will be + V3by
2. Present Future Continuous Tense: S + will be + being + V3by
3. Present Future Perfect Tense: S + will have been + V3
4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense: S + will have been + being + V3.
5. Simple Present Tense: S + am/is/are + V3
6. Present Continuous Tense: S + am/is/are + being +V3
7. Present Perfect Tense: S + have/has + been + V3
8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense: S + have been/has been +being +V3
9. Past Perfect Tense: S + had been +V3
10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense: S + had been + being + V3
11. Simple Past Tense: S + Was/were + V3
12. Past Continuous Tense: S + was/were + being + V3
13. Past Future Tense: S + would be + V3
14. Past Future Continuous Tense: S + would be being +V3
15. Past Future Perfect Tense: S + would have been + V3
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense: S + would have been + being + V3
Penjelasan :
22
1. Kata kerja yang dipakai dalam kalimat pasif ialah V3 (bukan V1, V2, V4)
2. Tenses dalam kalimat pasifditentukan aleh bentuk To be nya
3. TO BE bisa terdiri dari:
a. Satu kata saja (am/is/are/was/were) lihat nomor 5 dan 11.
b. Dua kata(will be,have been, has been, had been, would be) lihat
nomor1, 7, 9, 13. (am being-is being-are being-was being-were being)
no. 6 dan no. 12.
c. Tiga kata (will be being, will have been, have been being, has been
being, had been being, would be being and would have been) lihat
nomor 2, 3, 8, 10, 14 dan 15.
d. Empat kata (will have been being dan would have been being ) no. 4
dan 16.
4. Being dalam kalimat pasif menunjukan: Continuous.
19. PASSIVE VOICE IN NEGATIVE FORM

1. Present Future Tense
S + Wont be + V3.(by him)
= S tak akan di
Example : Engkau tak akan dimarahi olehnya.
23
2. Present Future Continuous Tense

S + Wont be + being + V3(by them).
= S tidak sedang akan di.
Example : Rapat tidak sedang akan dimulai oleh mereka pukul 9 besok pagi.
3. Present Future Perfect Tense
S + Wont have been + V3.(by her)
= S belum akan di
Example : Nasi belum akan dimasak olehnya sore ini

4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense
S + Wont have been + V3.(by the Bank)
Example : Rumah itu belum lagi akan disita oleh Bank pada akhir tahun ini.
5. Simple Present Tense
S + (am not/isnt/arent) + V3.(by the Judge)
Example : Pengacau-pengacau itu tidak dikenakan hukuman oleh Hakim.
6. Present Continuous Tense
S + (am not/isnt/arent) + being + V3 (by)
Example : Mobil saya tidak sedang direparasi sekarang
7. Present Perfect Tense
S + (hasnt/havent) + been + V3.(by ..)
Example : Saya belum diajak dalam percakapan bahasa Inggris oleh kawankawan saya.
8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

S + (hasnt/havent) + been + being + V3by..
Example : Korupsi masih belum diberantas oleh pemerintah sejak bertahun-tahun
yang lalu.
9. Past Perfect Tense
S + hadnt been + V3by..
24
Example : Tomy belum dituduh sebagai penghianat, sebelum Jaksa Agung

terbunuh.
10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
S + hadnt been + being + V3(by.)
Example : Buchary masih belum dicalonkan Walikota, ketika otonomi
dilimpahkan ke-propinsi.
11. Simple Past Tense
S + (wasnt/werent) + V3(by.)
Example : Tindakan keras tidak dilakukan oleh pemerintah terhadap para
koruptor.
12. Past Continuous Tense
S + (wasnt/werent) + V3(by.)
Example : Pasien tidak sedang dioperasi ketika ia meninggal kemarin.
No. 13 s/d No. 16, hanya menambahkan kata Not, pada kata bantu yang pertama.
Lihat pada 16 Tenses kalimat pasip bentuk berita.
Note : Keterangan pelaku (by me, by us, by him, dst) dan keterangan waktu, bisa
dipakai bila diperlukan. Tergantung kepada : kondisi dan situasi dari tiap
kalimat yang diucapkan.
20. PASSIVE VOICE IN INTERROGATIVE

1. Present Future Tense
Will + S + be + V3(by..) few years from now ?
= Yes/No,
Example : Apakah Bahasa Inggris akan dipakai di Pontianak ?
25
When + ? = Few years from now.

2. Present Future Continuous Tense
Will + S + have been + V3 ?
= Yes/No,...
Example : Apakah rapat sedang akan diadakan pukul 9 besok ?

What time + ... ? = At 9 oclock.
3. Present Future Perfect Tense
Will + S + have been + V3?
= Yes/No,...
Example : Apakah pekerjaanmu sudah akan diselesaikan sore ini ?

What + .. ? = Your job.
4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Will + S + have been + being + V3 ?
= Yes/No,.
Example : Apakah norma-norma hukum tengah akan diberlakukan sesudah negara

bangkrut ?
Why + ... ? = Because none is hones in
government.
5. Simple Present Tense
(Am /Is/Are) + S + V3. ?
= Yes/No,
Example : Apakah saya diminta untuk menemani kamu ?

By whom + . ? = By our director.
6. Present Continuous Tense

(Am/Is/Are ) + S + being + V3. ?
= Yes/No,...
Example : Apakah penari-penari itu sedang dijemput sekarang ?

Where + . ? = At the airport.
26
7. Present Perfect Tense

(Has/Have) + S + been + V3 ?
= Yes/No,...
Example : Sudahkah tiket-tiket itu dibeli olehmu ?

How many tickets + .. ? = 5 tickets
8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
(Has/Have) + S + been + being + V3. ?
= Yes/No,
Example : Apakah Budi tengah diopname di rumah sakit ?

How long + . ? = For 3 days.
9. Past Perfect Tense
Had + S + been + V3. ?
= Yes/No,
Example : Apakah perampok-perampok itu sudah tertembak dikakinya sebelum

mereka menyerahkan diri ?
Who + ? = The robbers.
10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Had + S + been + being + V3. ?
= Yes/No,
Example : Apakah ia tengah diperbantukan sebelum kepada Departemen

Pendidikan sebelum ia menjadi Menteri ?
How long + . ? = More than 3 year.
11. Simple Past Tense
(Were/Was) + S + V3 . ?
= Yes/No,
Example : Apakah masalah Tomy dibicarakan di DPR ?

What + . ? = Tomys problem.
12. Past Continuous Tense
(Were/Was) + S + being + V3 ?
= Yes/No,
Example : Apakah proyek perumahan sedang direncanakan di kota ini ketika saya
ada di luar negeri tahun lalu ?
By whom + ? = By the mayor.
27
13. Past Future Tense
: Hanya mengubah : Will dengan Would dan keterangan

waktu
14. Past Future Continuous Tense
: sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendiri)
15. Past Future Perfect Tense
: sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendri)
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendiri)
21. CAUSATIVE Dengan HAVE Dan GET

Fungsi : I. Menyuruh sesorang untuk mengerjakan sesuatu.
II. Menyuruh agar sesuatu dikerjakan oleh orang lain.
Bandingkanlah kalimat-kalimat berikut:
1. Tono mengecat rumahnya hari ini.
2. Rumah Tono dicat sendiri olehnya.
28
3. Tono menyuruh tukang cat mengecatkan rumahnya.

4. Tono mengecatkan rumahnya.
Rumus-Rumus Causative:
A.
S + to have + someone + V1 + etc

Eg: 1. He has a mechanic repair his car today
2. He will have a mechanic repair his car tomorrow
3. He is having a mechanic etc now
B.
S + to have + something +
Eg: 1. I had my tooth pulled out yesterday
2. Ali has had his hair cut since yesterday
Note : Perubahan Tenses hanya terjadi pada kata kerja to have.

(have (has) had had having)
C.
S + to get + someone + to + V1 + etc
Eg : 1. He will get me to help him tomorrow

2. He doesnt get me to come to his house today
3. He has get me to bring a dictionary
D.
S + to get + somthing + to + V3 + etc
Eg : 1. The girl gets her face made up (dihias)

2. I wont get my hair cut short.
3. Budi is getting his tooth pulled out now
Catatan penting : Something = (sth) = sesuatu benda
Someone = (so) = seseorang (object): me, him,
Ones (kepunyaan) = my, your, her, our, their
Eg = example = contoh. (Eg = example gratia)
29
THE 16 TENSES
Perhatikan perubahan yang terjadi dari Rumus umum ke TENSES TERTENTU:
S + TO HAVE + SOME ONE + V1 + DST
30
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
S + will + have + S.O + V1 +

S + will + have had + S.O + V1 +
S + have (has) + S.O + V1 +
S + had + S.O + V1 +
S + have + had + S.O + V1 +
has
6. S + had + had + S.O + V1 +
7. S + will be + having + S.O + V1 +
8. S + will + have been + having + S.O + V1 +
9. S + (am, is, are) + V4 + S.O + V1 +
10. S + (was, were) + V4 + S.O + V1 +
11. S + (have been/has been) + having + S.O + V1 +
12. S + had been + having + S.O + V1 +
13. S + would + have + S.O + V1 +
14. S + would be + having + S.O + V1 +
15. S + would + have had + S.O + V1 +
16. S + would + have been + having + S.O +
RENUNGKAN:
1. to have, adalah bentuk : Infinitive (=kata kerja pokok) yang

berubah menurut Tenses tertentu. (dilahat 16 Tenses diatas).
2. S.O = Some One = adalah Object, dan bukan Subjek.
Jadi: S.O, bisa menjadi = me, you, him, her, us, them.
Ones = bisa menjadi : my, your, his, her, our, dsb
S = (Subjek), seperti: I, You, He, She, We They, It, dan benda-benda lainnya.
(T.V, Radio, Weather, the wind).
3. V1, dalam rumus diatas tidak berubah dalam segala bentuk kalimat dan
bentuk Tenses apapun. V1, tetap V1, tidak ada perubahan.
4. V1
have
V2
had
V3
had
V4
having
PATTERN EXERCISE:
TASK : Make free statements according to the PATTERNS (rumus) below:
A.
S +1.didint have + me + V1 + etc
Eg :
Do +S + have + Us + V1 .?
Does
31
2.
Eg :
3.
QW + will + S + have + someone + V1 + ?
Eg : When ..
4.
Who + has + someone +V1 + ?
Eg : Who has
5.
Have + someone + V1 + !
= suruhlah !
Eg :
B.
S +1.
wont have + ones house + V3 + etc
Saya tidak akan mengecatkan rumahku.

=
2.
Do +S + have + something + V3 today ?

Does
Apakah Budi mereparasikan mobilnya hari ini ?

= ... ?
3.
QW + did + S + have + something + V3 + yesterday
Dimana Evi mencabutkan giginya kemarin

= .
4.
Who + will have + Ones + sth + V3 + ?
Siapa yang akan berpoto ?

= Who will have ones picture taken ?
Ones picture = seseorang yang belum diketahui.
32
LIST OF TRANSITIVE VERB

Infinitive
No
1
(Kata Dasar)
Past Tense
Past
Participle
V1
V2
V3
to do
did
done
Present
Participle
V4
~ing
The Meaning in Indonesian:

mengerjkan, melakukan.
33
to have
had
had
having
mempunyai
to tell
told
told
~ing
mengatakan, menceritakan, menyuruh.
to own
owned
owned
~ing
memiliki
to read
read
read
~ing
membaca
to write
wrote
written
writing
menulis
to listen
listened
~ed
~ing
mendengarkan
to speak
spoke
spoken
~ing
berbicara, pandai berbahasa
to say
said
said
~ing
berkata, mengatakan
10
to ask
asked
~ed
~ing
bertanya, meminta, menyuruh
11
to answer
answered
~ed
~ing
menjawab
12
to borrow
borrowed
~ed
~ing
meminjam (dari)
13
to lend
lent
lent
~ing
meminjamkan (kepada)
14
to give
gave
given
giving
memberi (kan)
15
to send
sent
sent
~ing
mengirim, menyuruh
16
to repeat
repeated
~ed
~ing
mengulang
17
to buy
bought
bought
~ing
membeli
18
to sell
sold
sold
~ing
menjual
19
to present
presented
~ed
~ing
menyajikan (cerita, materi)
20
to wait (for)
waited
~ed
~ing
menunggu
21
to see
saw
seen
~ing
melihat, bertemu, berkenalan
22
to visit
visited
~ed
~ing
mengunjungi
23
to invite
invited
~ed
inviting
mengundang, mengajak
24
to reject
rejected
~ed
~ing
menolak
25
to refuse
refused
~ed
refusing
menolak (tawaran, ajakan)
26
to inprove
improved
~ed
improving
memperbaiki, meningkatkan
27
to avoid
avoided
~ed
~ing
menghindari (kan)
28
to deny
denied
denied
~ing
menyangkal, mambantah
29
to arrange
arranged
~ed
arranging
menyusun, mengatur, merencanakan
30
to plan
planned
~ned
~ing
merencanakan
31
to make
made
made
making
membuat, menyebabkan
32
to build
buit
built
~ing
membangun, mendirikan
33
to burry
burried
burried
~ing
menguburkan
34
to scold
scolded
~ed
~ing
memarahi
34
35
to rebuke
rebuked
~d
rebuking
memarahi
36
to bribe
bribed
~d
bribing
menyuap, menyogok
37
to attack
attacked
~ed
~ing
menyerang
38
to defend
defended
~ed
~ing
mempertahankan
39
to enforce
enforced
~d
enforcing
memaksa, memberlakukan
40
to learn
learnt
learnt
~ing
belajar
41
to study
studied
studied
~ing
mempelajari
42
to copy
copied
copied
~ing
menyalin
43
to compose
composed
~d
composing
menyusun, mengarang
44
to review
reviewed
~ed
~ing
mengulang kembali
45
to interview
intervived
~ed
~ing
mewawancarai
46
to repair
repaired
~ed
~ing
mereparasi
47
to know
knew
known
~ing
mengetahui, tahu, kenal
48
to understand
understood
understood
~ing
mengerti
49
to take
took
taken
taking
mengambil, mengantarkan
50
to eat
ate
eaten
~ing
makan
51
to drink
drank
drunk
~ing
minum
52
to substitute
~d
~d
subtituting
mengganti
53
to succeed
~ed
~d
~ing
berhasil, menggantikan
54
to devide
~d
~d
dividing
membagi
55
to nominate
~d
~d
nominating
mencalonkan
56
to cook
~ed
~ed
~ing
memasak
57
to receive
~d
~d
receiving
menerima
58
to believe
~d
~d
believing
percaya
59
to agree
~d
~d
~ing
setuju
60
to disagree
~d
~d
~ing
tidak setuju
61
to propose
~d
~d
proposing
mengusulkan
62
to oppose
~d
~d
opposing
menentang, melawan
63
to predict
~ed
~ed
~ing
meramalkan
64
to let
~ed
~ed
~ting
membiarkan, mengijinkan
65
to put
~ed
~ed
~ting
meletakkan
66
to cut
~ed
~ed
~ting
memotong
67
to continue
~d
~d
~ing
meneruskan, melanjutkan
menggambar, menarik
35
68
to draw
drew
drawn
~ing
berpikir, berpendapat
69
to think
thought
thought
~ing
menyatakan, mengutarakan
70
to express
~ed
~ed
~ing
membuktikan
71
to prove
~d
~d
proving
ingat
72
to remember
~ed
~ed
~ing
mengingatkan
73
to remind
~ed
~ed
~ing
memperingatkan
74
to warn
~ed
~ed
~ing
mengingat-ingat, menghafal
75
to memorize
~d
~d
memorizing
melupakan
76
to forget
forgot
forgotten
~ting
mengagumi, memuji
77
to admire
~d
~d
admiring
memuji
78
to praise
~d
~d
praising
menghina
79
to insult
~ed
~ed
~ing
menyerahkan
80
to submit
~ted
~ted
~ting
melaporkan
81
to report
~ed
~ed
~ing
membuka
82
to open
~ed
~ed
~ing
menutup
83
to shut
~ed
~ed
~ting
menutup
84
to close
~d
~d
closing
manandai, memberi tanda
85
to mark
~ed
~ed
~ing
menimbang
86
to weigh
~ed
~ed
~ing
mengukur
87
to measure
~d
~d
measuring
mengevaluasi
88
to evaluate
~d
~d
evaluating
mencicipi, merasa (dengan lidah)
89
to taste
~d
~d
tasting
memegang, mengadakan
90
to hold
held
held
~ing
menyentuh, meraba
91
to touch
~ed
~ed
~ing
mengajar
92
to teach
taught
taught
~ing
mengembalikan
93
to return
~ed
~ed
~ing
menjawab
94
to reply
replied
replied
~ing
membayar
95
to pay
~ed
~ed
~ing
menghitung
96
to calculate
~d
~d
calculating
melempar
97
to throw
threw
thrown
~ing
memukul
98
to hit
~ed
~ed
~ting
memukul
99
to beat
~ed
~ed
~ing
menggigit
100
to bite
bit
beaten
~ing
bersembunyi
101
to hide
hid
hid
hiding
melayani, menghidangkan
36
102
to serve
~d
~d
serving
menerangkan
103
to explain
~ed
~ed
~ing
menafsirkan
104
to interpret
~ed
~ed
~ing
meramalkan
105
to predict
~ed
~ed
~ing
mengaktifkan, menggiatkan
106
to activate
~d
~d
activating
memotivasi, menggerakan
107
to motivate
~d
~d
motivating
Note : tanda ~ (tilde), ialah tanda yang berarti Kata Dasar (Infinitive)
Contoh : to work ~ ed = worked // ~ ing = working, dst.
to pada Infinitive, tidak dipakai sebagai predikat dalam suatu kalimat (Lihat Rumus)
37

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16 Tenses of English

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Communicative English Course

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6. They are playing football in the field now.

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They are speaking English now.

EXERCISE 3 : Write questions by using question words based on the

EXERCISE 4 : Answer the following questions with your own words.

Are you studying English now ?

EXERCISE 5 : Write sentences by using the following verbs

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2.3.1. The Positive Pattern

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C. The Interrogative pattern of Present Future tense is as follows

when will John run a restaurant in Jakarta? Next month

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e.g. + The earth goes round the sun

+ I get up at 8 oclock every morning

5. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

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This time last year I was living in Brazil

e.g. + She was cooking rice when Tom came yesterday

She wasnt cooking rice when Tom came yesterday

? Was she cooking rice when Tom came yesterday ?

6. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

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7. PAST PERFECT TENSE

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When I arrived at the party, Tom had already gone home

8. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

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Have/has + S + been + verb 4.etc ?

Pelajar pelajar tengah menyanyi sejak pagi ini

+ The students have been singing since this morning

9. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

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Had + S + been + verb 4 when S + V2 ?

5. Mereka sudah tidur selama 6 jam ketika kebakaran itu terjadi

10. PRESENT FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

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Will + S + be + Verb 4 + O + at.oclock ?

Kamu sedang akan pergi ke sekolah pukul 7 besok pagi

+ You will be going to school at seven oclock tomorrow morning

11. PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

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Will + S + have + Verb 3 + by the end. ?

12. PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

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