Appendix A

Standard Symbols for Hydraulic Components

Table B.1 Flow lines

Hydraulic
Pneumatic
Continuous flow
E

Pilot connection

L
L>10E

Drain connection

L
L<5E

d5E

Connected
d

Not connected

Flexible

Plugged

Restricted, affected by viscosity

Restricted, not affected by viscosity

Table B.2 Basic Hydraulic Circuits

Miscellaneous
E

Line, mech. connection (shaft, levers, piston

rods)
D<5E

Line, enclosure (several components in a unit)

Spring
Direction of rotation
Electric motor
Heat engine

Filter or strainer
Reservoir, with line above fluid level
Reservoir, with line below fluid level
Reservoir, as header
Adjustable setting
Reservoir switch
Pressure switch

Accumulator
Sring Loaded

Cooler, without indicating flow line

Cooler, indicating flow lines of coolant
Heater
Pressure gauge

Gas Loaded

Pumps and Fluid Motors

With one direction of flow
Fixed-capacity hydraulic pump
With two directions of flow

With one direction of flow

Variable-capacity hydraulic pump
With two directions of flow

With one direction of flow

Fixed-capacity hydraulic motor
With two directions of flow

With one direction of flow

Variable-capacity hydraulic motor
With two directions of flow

Cylinders
Detailed
Cylinder, single-acting

Cylinder, returned by spring

Cylinder, double-acting with single

piston rod

Cylinder, double-acting with double

piston rod

Cylinder, with single fixed cushion

Cylinder, with double adjustable

cushion

Cylinder, telescopic single-acting

Cylinder, telescopic double-acting

Simplified

Control Methods
Control, muscular

By lever

With detents

By pedal

By push button
Control, Electrical
By solenoid
With 2 Winding

With 1 Winding

By electrical motor

Control, Hydraulics ( Direct Acting)

Pneumatic

Hydraulic
By application of pressure

Hydraulic

Pneumatic

By release of pressure

Control, Hydraulics ( Indirect Control, Pilot-Operated)

Hydraulic

Pneumatic

By application of pressure
Hydraulic

By release of pressure

Control paths inside the unit

Control, Electrohydraulic
Solenoid controlled
and pilot operated

Solenoid operated
or pilot operated

Pneumatic

Control, Mechanical (Operating in One Direction Only)

By plunger or tracer

By roller

By spring

By roller

Control, servo

Pressure Control Valves

Throttling orifice
(normally closed)

Throttling orifice
(normally closed)

Inlet pressure control

Pressure relief valves
Inlet pressure or remote pilot
control

Proportional pressure
relief valves

Inlet pressure limited to a value

proportional to pilot pressure

Sequence

Without relief port

Pressure regulator or
reducing valve

With relief port

Without relief port with remote

control

With relief port with remote

control

Differential pressure regulator (outlet pressure is reduced

by a fixed amount with respect to the inlet pressure)

Proportional pressure regulator (outlet pressure is reduced

by a fixed ratio with respect to the inlet pressure)

Flow Control Valves

Shut-off valve
Non-return valve (also called check
valve)
Non-return valve, spring-loaded
Non-return valve, pilot-operated
Non-return valve, with restriction

Flow control valve, with fixed output

Simple
Detailed

Flow control valve, with variable

output
Detailed

Simple

Direction Control valves

These squares indicate direction control valves, having
as many distinct positions as there are squares. The
pipe connections are represented as connected to the
box, representing the unoperated condition. For
operation, boxes are imagined to be displaced, so that
pipe connections correspond with ports of the box in
question.

One-flow path

Two closed ports

Directional valve, with two extreme positions and an

infinite number of intermediate conditions with varying
degrees of throttling
Detailed

Directional valve single-solenoid-controlled, pilotoperated in both directions, spring return, four ports,
two distinct position
Simple

Pneumatics Components
Vacuum pump

Detailed Symbol
Filter with Auto
Drain

Lubricator with
Drain

Filterregulatorlubricator
Relieving Adjustable
Regulator

Simplified Symbol

Filter with water trap with manual

Air bleed

Plain with no provision

for connection

Exhaust port

Threaded for connection

Air compressor