Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Here
is
an
outline
of
important
things
to
know
for
exam
#1.
Unfortunately
I
have
not
had
a
chance
to
add
the
adrenergics
material.
Please
also
make
sure
to
review
the
drug
lists.
Topic
#1:
Principles
of
Drug
Action
a) Potency:
how
much
drug
does
it
take
to
produce
an
effect
b) Efficacy:
how
much
of
an
effect
can
the
drug
produce
c) Compare
2
drugs
in
terms
of
their
dose
response
curves
in
terms
of
potency
and
efficacy
d) ED50
as
individual
measure
(used
as
a
measure
of
potency)
vs.
as
a
population
measure
(in
the
calculation
of
therapeutic
index)
e) Therapeutic
index
(population
measure
of
safety,
TI=
LD50/ED50)
vs.
therapeutic
window
(therapeutic
dose
range
for
an
individual,
defined
by
the
range
between
the
minimum
therapeutic
concentration
and
the
minimum
toxic
concentration
)
f) Physiological
antagonism:
examples
histamine/epinephrine,
NSAIDS/diuretics
a. When
one
agonist
drug
antagonizes
or
reduces
the
effect
of
a
second
drug
by
acting
at
different
receptor
sites
to
produce
opposite
effects
to
that
of
the
2nd
agonist
drug
g) Competitive
antagonism:
when
an
antagonist
drug
binds
competitively
to
the
same
receptor
as
the
agonist
drug,
shifting
the
dose
response
curve
of
the
agonist
to
the
right
(decreased
potency/increase
in
ED50),
no
change
efficacy
since
the
antagonism
can
be
overcome
by
increasing
the
dose
of
the
agonist
h) Full
agonist
vs.
partial
agonist
vs.
antagonist
vs.
inverse
agonist
a. Agonists
have
potency
and
efficacy
b. Partial
agonists
have
potency
but
reduced
efficacy
compared
to
a
full
agonist,
due
to
their
inability
to
fully
activate
the
receptor
c. Inverse
agonists
produce
the
opposite
response
to
an
agonist
d. Antagonists
have
potency,
no
efficacy
they
can
bind
to
the
receptor
but
cant
activate
it.
Their
effect
is
seen
when
they
prevent
the
binding
of
an
agonist
i) Shifts
in
dose
response
curve
of
one
drug
in
the
presence
of
another
drug
that
might
be
an
antagonist
:
(competitive
antagonist:
ED50
increases
(meaning
potency
decreases),
efficacy
stays
the
same)
Topic
#2:
Kinetics
a) Types
of
drug
response: