NAVIR

O
R
US
CO
CONTROL STRATEGIES OF

INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS (IB)

(IB Classical & IB Variant)

MERIALS EXCLUSIVE PARTNER IN PAKISTAN

IB Classic & IB Variant

Infectious Bronchitis is one of most important viral disease in broilers, breeders & layers in whole of the world.
It is an acute and highly contagious respiratory and urogenital disease of chickens and is characterized by
respiratory signs including gasping, coughing, sneezing, tracheal rales, nasal discharge, nephritis and decrease
in eggs quantity and quality. In broiler it is of significance because of high morbidity, mortality rate and poor
growth while in breeders and layers decrease in egg production, misshapen, fragile shelled and shell less eggs
are most important characteristics of Infectious Bronchitis. Additionally exposure of Infectious Bronchitis in
the flock can lead to the other respiratory diseases which can cause further and sever production losses along
with high mortalities.
inhalation
Spike Glycoprotein (S)
Integrat Membrane
Protein (M)

trachea
ovary

Nucleocapsid
Protein (N)
Small Membrane
Protein (sM)

lungs
oviduct

RNA
Virus reaches the oviduct
via the bloodstream

Haemagglutinin (HE)

Envelope

egg production %

Fig. IBV infection in the hen

Fig. Coronavirus
Infectious Bronchitis is caused by Coronavirus which produces its number of new antigenic strain frequently
due to mutations. Most of the mutations occur in S glycoprotein located on spikes of capsid of IB virus. This S
glycoprotein is composed of two subunits named S1 and S2. Among these Si subunit is most hyper variable
due to more rate of mutation. These mutations modify the IBV strains and their antigenic characteristics. Cross
protection of IBV strains against each other is limited. Only antigenically closer strains can exhibit phenomenon
of cross protection. To provide the poultry flocks better immunity against Infectious Bronchitis, choice of
vaccine strain having closer resemblance with rest of the IB classical strains (Mass type) is most important to
infection
consider.
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

controls
IBV
infected
Abnormal
eggs
Weeks

Fig. IBV Effect On Egg Production

Fig. IBV effects on egg quality

Fig. Enlarged Oviduct &

Shell Less Eggs

Importantly known IB Variant strains also arise due to mutations in the IB viruses. Most frequently occurring
IBV Variant strains including CR-88 and 4/91 belong to the same group of variants called as 793-B Type, so
are antigenically much alike. It is important to mention that classical IBV strains and variant IBV strains provide
no or very limited protection against each other.

Control of Infectious Bronchitis

Problem of Infectious Bronchitis classical and Infectious Bronchitis variant is common in broilers, breeders and
layers. Good management, biosecurity, quality vaccine and properly defined vaccination program are the basic
keys to control Infectious bronchitis. Among these factors vaccine quality and vaccination program is much
important to be considered while protecting the flock from all kinds of Infectious Bronchitis. Selection of strains
of IB should carefully be managed in order to get accurate and broad spectrum results because most of the IB
strains don not produce cross protection against each other. The selected classical or variant IB strain should
have high percentage of homology with most of the other IB strains. In conventional practices, only IB classical
vaccine is administered twice in the broiler flocks for protection against Infectious Bronchitis while IB caused
due to variant strains is mostly ignored. On the other hand IB classical and variant, is most important in breeders
and layers because of their long span of lives as compared to broilers. In conventional vaccination programs for
breeders and layers priming with one IB live vaccine is followed by boosting with killed IB vaccine. By research
two scientifically proven findings must be followed in order to achieve complete and strong immunity against
IB classical and variant.

1. Primary vaccination of a strain followed by the boosting of killed vaccine of same strain provides much higher
levels of protection than using combination of different live and killed strains.
2. Combination of IBV classical (Mass Type) and IBV variant strains used as vaccine not only provides
coverage against strains used but also give good cross protection even against other variant strains such as QXLike and IT-02 strains.
Keeping in view the above rules, provision of ideal immune response in breeders and layers against IB classical
and variant completely is possible by administering combination of classical and different variant strains
followed by the killed vaccines of the respective strains.

IB var IT-02 Challenge Trial

Percentage of protection

Protection %

100%
80%
60%

Day 3 p.c.
Day 7 p.c.

40%
20%
0%

Unvaccinated
&
Unchallenged

H120+IB88
at 1st day

IB CR-88 at 1
& 14 days

H120 day 1
&
IB CR-88 day 14

Groups

Fig. Combined Effect of Bioral H120 & Gallivac IB CR-88

Merial is producing innovative and high quality range of vaccines against Infectious Bronchitis considering
both classical and variant forms of the disease. Merial's selection of highly immunogenic strains for IB
vaccines; production techniques according to latest GMP standards and a good product range for Infectious
Bronchitis facilitates poultry farmers to control all Infectious Bronchitis types reliably.

Merials Solutions Against IB

Bioral H-120

Gallivac IB-88 (Variant)

Bioral H120 is Merial's classical (Mass

Type) live vaccine against Infectious
Bronchitis (IB). Due to following
characters it is unique in its action:
1. Prepared from Classical (Mass
Type) IBV strain H-120
2. Highly invasive and immunogenic.
3. Antigenically closer to other
classical (Mass Type) strains.
4. Safe for all ages and types of birds.

Merial's live vaccine against IB variant

having following salient features:
1.Prepared by attenuated highly
immunogenic IB Variant strain CR-88.
2.Provides strong immunity against all
variant strains of its group (CR-88,
4/91 & 793-B).
3.Gallivac IB-88 with Bioral H-120
provides complete protection against
classical & variant IB.

COR-2

Gallimune 203 (ND + IB)

Merial's killed vaccine against IB

variant having following features:
1. It contains two IB variant strains at a
time including CR-88 & PL-84084.
2. Both strains included in COR-2 in
combination with each other provide
strong immunity against all IB variant
strains also.
3. After priming with live vaccine
Gallivac IB CR-88, due to boosting
effect, COR-2 provides much higher
levels of immunity against IB variant.
4. Free of impurities - less chances of
reaction.

Gallimune 203 is killed vaccine of

Merial providing protection against IB
& ND at a time includes following
points of distinction:
1.Single vaccine covers both IB & ND.
2.Contains classical (Mass Type) strain
of IBV against IB & Ulster-2c strain of
NDV against ND.
3.Highly immunogenic strains.
4.After priming with Bioral H-120
boosting with Gallimune 203 provides
ideal and much higher immune
response against I B.

Keeping in mind the above discussion about nature of different IBV strains, their interaction
with each other and vaccine products range, our technical experts have suggested following
vaccination schedules for broilers, breeders and layers against Infectious Bronchitis
classical and variant.

Suggested IB Vaccination Programs

BROILERS
Week

Day

Disease

Vaccine Product

Vaccine Type

Rout

1st

IB

Bioral H-120

Live

Spray

2nd

12-14

IB

Bioral H-120 /
Gallivac IB CR-88

Live

D/Water or E/D

Vaccine Type

Rout

Live

Spray

LAYERS
Week

Day

Disease

1st

IB

Bioral H-120

2nd

8-10

IB

Bigopest (ND+IB+IBD)

Killed

Injection

2nd

13

IB

Bioral H-120

Live

D/Water

6th

42

IB

Bioral H-120

Live

D/Water

11th

74

IB (Variant)

Gallivac IB CR-88

Live

D/Water

12th

81

IB (Variant)

Cor-2

Killed

Injection

16th

110

ND+IB+EDS or
ND+IB+EDS+SHS

Gallimune-302 or
Gallimune-407

Killed

Injection

Vaccine Product

BREEDER
Week

Day

Disease

Vaccine Product

Vaccine Type

Rout

1st

IB

Bioral H-120

Live

Spray

2nd

14

IB Variant

Gallivac IB CR-88

Live

D/Water

4th

28

IB

Bioral H-120

Live

D/Water

6th

40

ND+IB

Gallimune 203

Killed

Injection

11th

74

Gallivac IB CR-88

Live

D/Water

16th

112

IB

Bioral H-120

Live

D/Water

125

ND+IB+EDS+SHS

Gallimune-407

Killed

Injection

130

IB Variant

Cor-2

Killed

Injection

19th

NOTE: This are just suggested vaccination programs & could be altered by advice
of local veterinarian.

SaadatInternational

MERIALS EXCLUSIVE PARTNER IN PAKISTAN

117-Habitat Apartments, Shadman-II, Jail Road, Lahore. 54000 Ph: +92-42-37550143, 45, 37584424, 37522528-30, Fax: +92-42-37586168, E-mail:saadat117@brain.net.pk