Extension Exam Questions

Extension Exam Questions
ExtEQ

Any question marked
uses techniques beyond those required for the A2 core.
1 Solve for values of x, in degrees, in the range 0 < x < 360,

5 sin 2x 2 cos x(2 cos 2x) 0
QCA/Edexcel
2 Show that the sum SN of the first N terms of the series

1
3
5
2n 1

1:2:3 2:3:4 3:4:5
n(n 1)(n 2)
is

1 3
1
5
2 2 N1 N2
What is the limit of SN as N ! 1?
The numbers an are such that
an
(n 1)(2n 1)
(n 2)(2n 3)
an 1
Find an expression for an =a1 and hence, or otherwise, evaluate
1
X
n1
an when a1 29 .
OCR 1998 (9470)

3 A coordinate system has origin O and axes in the directions of the mutually
perpendicular unit vectors i, j, k. The points A, B, C have position vectors
a r j qk,
b r i p k,
c q i p j,
respectively, where p, q, r are positive.

i
Express cos AOB in terms of p, q, r, and show that

p
r (p2 q2 r 2 )
sin AOB p 2
p
(q r 2 ) (r 2 p2 )
ii
Find the area of triangle AOB and show that

area BOC : area COA : area AOB p : q : r
iii It is given that OA is perpendicular to BC. Show that q r.

Deduce that
a
SB SC, where S is any point on OA,

!
!
!
b the angle which OB makes with AC is equal to the angle which OC
!
makes with AB .
OCR GCE A Level Special Paper 2000
A2 Core for OCR # Pearson Education Ltd. 2005
f(x) tan x x,
g(x) 2 2 cos x
4 Let
x sin x
h(x) 2x x cos 2x
F(x)
x(cos x)
sin x
1
3
3
2
sin 2x
i By considering f(0) and f 0 (x), show that f(x) > 0 for 0 < x < p=2 .
ii Show similarly that g(x) > 0 for 0 < x < p=2 .
iii Show that h(x) > 0 for 0 < x < p=4 , and hence that
x(sin2 x 3 cos2 x)
3 sin x cos x > 0
for 0 < x < p=4.

F 0 (x)
, show that F 0 (x) < 0 for 0 < x < p=4.
iv By considering
F(x)
OCR 1998 (9470)
5 The following argument claims to show that 1 9.
sin2 x
p
1 cos x 1 (1 sin2 x)

2
p
(1 cos x)2 1 (1 sin2 x)
r

2
2
1
3
1
1
1
2
4
r 2

1
1
1
4
4
cos2 x 1
then
squaring
when x
2p
3
1 9.
a
Explain carefully what is wrong with this argument.
Rewrite the argument to show clearly how (1 cos x)2 can be written in
terms of sin x for values of x in 0 4 x < 2p.
QCA/Edexcel
6 The n positive numbers x1 , x2 , . . . , xn , where n 5 3, satisfy

x1 1
and also
xn 1
Show that
i
ii
1
1
, x2 1 , . . . ,
x2
x3
xn
1
xn
1
x1
x1 , x2 , . . . , xn > 1,
x2 x3
,
x1 x2
x2 x3
iii x1 x2 xn .
Hence find the value of x1 .
OCR 1999 (9465)
7 a
The diagram shows a circle centre O and radius r which

touches the sides of the triangle ABC at the points P, Q, and R.
The triangle is isosceles with
p
AB AC a and angle BAC 2y, where 0 < y < .
2
P
a sin y cos y
i Prove that r
(1 sin y)
B
ii
Show that r has a single stationary value and

that this occurs when
p

sin y 12
5 1
iii By means of an appropriate test, determine the nature of the stationary value.
b
By means of an appropriate substitution, or otherwise, evaluate exactly

p
3 sin y cos y
dy
p (1 sin y)
6
No credit will be given for a numerical approximation or for a numerical

answer from a calculator without supporting working.
AQA (AEB) 2000
(Not from the live examinations for the current specification.)
8 Prove that the rectangle of greatest perimeter which can be inscribed in a given
circle is a square.
The result changes if, instead of maximising the sum of lengths of sides of the
rectangle, we seek to maximise the sum of nth powers of the lengths of those
sides for n 5 2. What happens if n 2? What happens if n 3? Justify your
answers.
OCR 1998 (9465)
9 Given that a > 3, find the value of a such that
a
x
22
dx
p
(4 x)
3
3
QCA/Edexcel
10 i
Find the greatest and least values of bx a for 10 4 x 4 10, distinguishing

carefully between the cases b > 0, b 0 and b < 0.
ii
Find the greatest and least values of cx 2 bx a, where c 5 0, for

10 4 x 4 10, distinguishing carefully between the cases that can arise for
different values of b and c.
OCR 1999 (9465)
11
y
R
The unit square OABC has vertices O(0, 0), A(1, 0), B(1, 1) and C(0, 1). Points
P, Q, R, S are taken on the sides OA, AB, BC, CO respectively so that
OP AQ l and BR CS m, where l and m each lie between 0 and 1, as
!
!
shown in the diagram. Take OA i and OC j.
i
Write down in terms of i and j

!
a PR
!
b QS
!
!
ii Show that PR and QS are perpendicular.
! ! !
The point T is taken so that OT OQ SR .
!
!
iii Show that RT i (a 1)j and PT (2 a)i a j, where a l m.
iv Hence, or otherwise, show that angle RTP 458.
v
12 a
Given that P, Q and T are collinear, show that l m.

Two circles C1 and C2 have equations x 2 y 2 6y 6 0 and
x 2 y 2 4x 6y 1 0 respectively. Prove that one of these circles lies
entirely within the other.
The points O(0, 0), A(a, 0), B(a, b) and C(0, b), where a and b are positive
constants, are the vertices of a rectangle. The variable point P has
coordinates (x, y) and moves in such a way that
PO2 PA2 PB2 PC 2 d 2 , where d is a positive constant.
Show that PO2 PA2 PB2 PC 2 can be written in the form

4 (x r)2 (y s)2 t
where r, s and t are to be expressed in terms of a and b.
Describe geometrically the possible positions of P in each of the cases
i
d 2 > a2 b2 ;
ii
d 2 a2 b2 ;
iii d 2 < a2 b2 .
A curve is defined in such a way that the gradient at each point Q(x, y) is
perpendicular to the line joining Q to the fixed point R(5, 6). Write down a
dy
in terms of x and y.
differential equation expressing
dx
Find the general solution of the differential equation.
In the case when the curve passes through the point (7, 3), show that the
curve is a circle and find its centre and radius.
AQA (AEB) 2000
13
f(x)
The figure shows a sketch of the graph of f where,

x
f(x)
, x 2 R, x 6 1, x 6 2
(x 1)(x 2)
a
Find the exact values of the coordinates of the stationary points of f(x).
p
Your answers should be in the form p q r, where p, q and r are integers.
Find the range of values of k for which f(x) k has no real roots.
2a
f(x) dx ln 2.
QCA/Edexcel
Find the value of a such that
14 Two curves are given parametrically by

(1) x1 (y sin y),
y1 (1 cos y)
(2) x2 (y
y2
sin y),
(1 cos y)
p
Find the gradients of the tangents to the curves at the points where y and
2
3p
y .
2
Sketch, using the same axes, the curves for 0 4 y 4 2p.
Find the equation of the normal to the curve (1) at the point with parameter y.
Show that this normal is a tangent to the curve (2).
15 Find x 2 ( ln x)2 dx.
OCR 1998 (9470)

QCA/Edexcel
16 My bank pays r% interest at the end of each year. I start with nothing in my
account. Then for m years I deposit a in my account at the beginning of each
year. After the end of the mth year, I neither deposit nor withdraw for l years.
Show that the total amount in my account at the end of this period is
r l 1 (r m 1)
r 1
r
where r 1
.
100
At the beginning of each of the n years following this period I withdraw b and
this leaves my account empty after the nth withdrawal. Find an expression for
a
in terms of r, l, m and n.
OCR 1998 (9465)
b
17 a
Simplify
i
sin 7x cos x sin x cos 7x,
sin 7x cos x
sin x cos 7x.
Find expressions, in terms of r, for P and Q so that

2 sin x cos (2r
ii
1)x sin Px
sin Qx
Prove that for positive integers n

n
X
cos(2r 1)x
sin 2nx 2 sin x
r1
Solve, for 0 < x < p, the equation

cos x( cos x cos 3x cos 5x cos 7x) 12 cot x
Find the exact value of

p
3 sin 6x
dx
p sin x
6
State, giving a reason, what value
sin 2nx
takes as x ! 0.
sin x
QCA/Edexcel
18 [In this question f 2 (x) is written for fff(x)g, and f 3 (x) is written for fff 2 (x)g.]
a
The function f is defined by
f(x) q(x
p) p,
x2R
where p and q are non-zero constants.

i
Show that f 2 (x) q 2 (x
p) p, and find an expression for f 3 (x).
ii
Find an expression in terms of p, q and x for f 1 (x), where f

inverse of f.
is the
iii Let h(x) mx d, where m and d are constants (m 6 0 or 1). Show that
h(x) can be expressed in the form of f(x), and deduce that

d
d
3
3
h (x) m x
1 m
1 m
b
The function g is defined by
g(x) q(x
p)2 p, x 2 R
p)4 p, and find an expression for g 3 (x).
Show that g 2 (x) q 3 (x
ii
Let k(x) ax 2 bx c, where a, b and c are constants (a 6 0). Show

that k(x) can only be put in the form of g(x) if b2 4ac 2b.
19 A curve C has equation y f(x) with f 0 (x) > 0. The x-coordinate of the point P
on the curve is a. The tangent and the normal to C are drawn at P.
The tangent cuts the x-axis at the point A and the normal cuts the x-axis at the
point B.
a
Show that the area of 4APB is

0

f (a)2 1
1
f(a)2
f 0 (a)
2
Given that f(x) e5x and the area of 4APB is e5a , find the exact value of a.
QCA/Edexcel
20 A pyramid shaped container is made from a framework

of wire covered with material. The framework consists
of eight pieces of straight wire of total length 48 cm.
The square base PQRS has centre O and each of its
sides is of length x cm. The top vertex T is such that
TP TQ TR TS.
Q
O
Find the lengths in cm of OP and PT, giving your

answers in terms of x.
p
Hence, show that 0 < x < a b 2, where a and b are integers whose values
should be stated.
Find the height, OT cm, and hence show that the volume, V cm3 , of the
interior of the pyramid container is given by
x 2 p
V p 288 48x x 2
3 2
p
Prove that V has a single stationary value when x 20 4 13 and
determine its nature.
AQA (AEB) 1998
21 Given that the coefficients of x, x 2 and x 4 in the expansion of (1 kx)n , where

n 5 4 and k is a positive constant, are in geometric progression,
6(n 1)
.
(n 2)(n 3)
show that k
Given further that both n and k are positive integers, find all possible pairs
of values for n and k. You should show clearly how you know that you
have found all the possible pairs of values.
For the case when k 1:4, find the value of the positive integer n.
Given that k 1:4, n is a positive integer and that the first term of the
geometric progression is the coefficient of x, find how many terms are required
QCA/Edexcel
for the sum of the geometric series to exceed 1017 .
22 How many integers greater than or equal to zero and less than a million are not
divisible by 2 or 5? What is the average value of these integers?
How many integers greater than or equal to zero and less than 4179 are not
divisible by 3 or 7? What is the average value of these integers?
OCR 1999 (9465)
23
y
P
The diagram shows the curve given by the parametric equations x 2t 3 , y 3t 2 .

i
Show that the equation of the tangent to the curve at P, the point with
parameter t, is
x
ii
ty t 3 0
Verify that the tangent at P meets the curve again at Q, the point with
parameter 12 t.
iii Find the values of t for which the tangent at P is the normal at Q.
2
iv Verify that the Cartesian equation of the curve is y 3 12 x 3 .
Show that, for t > 0, the area of the finite region enclosed between PQ and
81 5
t .
the curve is 160
24 Which of the following statements are true and which are false? Justify your answers.
i
ii
iii
iv
aln b bln a for all a, b > 0.

cos (sin y) sin (cos y) for all real y.
There exists a polynomial P such that jP(y)
x 4 3 x 4 5 5 for all x > 0.
cos yj 4 10
for all real y.

OCR 1998 (9465)
25 You are given that

tan 12 (x y)
i
1
2
Show that
tan (x y)
ii
4
3
(A)
Find another value of tan
1
2

(x y) for which (A) is true.
You are given further that

1
2
tan x tan y
(B)
iii Show that tan x and tan y are roots of the quadratic equation
2t 2
4t
10
iv Hence find the pairs of values (x, y) that satisfy equations (A) and (B) and
are such that 1808 < x < 1808, 1808 < y < 1808 and tan x > tan y. Give
your answers correct to 2 decimal places.

Give one pair of values (x, y) that makes tan 12 (x y) equal to the value
you found in part ii.
26 Points A, B, C in three dimensions have coordinate vectors a, b, c, respectively.
Show that the lines joining the vertices of the triangle ABC to the mid-points of
the opposite sides meet at a point R.
P is a point which is not in the plane ABC. Lines are drawn through the midpoints of BC, CA and AB parallel to PA, PB and PC respectively. Write down
the vector equations of the lines and show by inspection that these lines meet at
a common point Q.
Prove further that the line PQ meets the plane ABC at R.
OCR 1998 (9470)
27 The curve with equation y ln x2 , defined for x > 0, is sketched below.

y
Determine the set of values of x for which 1 < y < 4, leaving your answer in
terms of e.
Calculate the coordinates of the point of inflection of the curve.
Use the2 substitution x eu

ln x dx.
and integration by parts, or otherwise, to find
Hence prove that the finite area bounded by the curve and the line with
equation y 1 is 4e 1 .
AQA (AEB) 1997

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Extension Exam Questions