The Implementation of Debate Technique to Improve Students

Speaking Skill at Eleventh Grade of Senior High School.

Background :
Speaking is an interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing
andreceiving and processing information (Brown, 1994
; Burns & Joyce, 1997 inKhoironiyah, 2011: 3).
Ibrahim Absyie (2011) in Khoironiyah (2011: 9) stated opens the door for
employment, integration, and education. Speaking can be the first step to clear, effective
communication.
Another definition is given by Hornby (2000: 1289), speaking is making use of word inan
ordinary voice, uttering words, knowing and being able to use a language; expressingoneself
in words; making a speech. In short, speaking skill is the ability to perform thelinguistics
knowledge in the actual communication. By speaking with others, we areable to know what
kinds of situation are in the world.

Debate is an effective pedagogical technique because of the level of responsibility forlearning

and active involvement required by all student debaters
(Gene, 2001). Hor
nby
(2000: 340) defined debate as a formal discussion of an issue at a public meeting or in
a parliament, and it is an argument or discussion expressing different
opinion.
Moreover, it provides an experience by which students can developcompetencies in
researching current issues, preparing logical arguments, activelylistening to various
perspectives, differentiating between subjective and evidence-basedinformation, asking
cogent questions, integrating relevant information, and formulatingtheir own opinions based
on evidence. As stated by Browne & Keeley (2004) in Joseph
(2006: 114) that to support the reason, the speeker should provide some evidences
which can come in the form of expert opinion, results of a research study, statistics,
caseexamples
and analogies.
Barkley, et al., (2005: 191) stated that debate is a complex technique thatneed some
preparations, because in debate we need to enough time to choose a topicsuitable to a current
issue, deviding the students into some group, the students need toread the topic before
doing a debate, and define a rule used in debate in other to it can
be done optimally. According to Uno and Mohamad (2011:100) debate is disigned tosolve a
problem from a different point of view.
In debate, the students chose one sideof pro-against by using their point of view about an
issue. It means that the students are
requested to deliver and defend their ideas based on their position in debate. It is
suitable with the 2004TEFL high school syllabus,2006 TEFL high school syllabus and
KTSP that states teacher of English should teach English communicatively. It means
that teacher should encourage the learners to have Communicative competence bycreating the
atmosphere of the class which is rich in communication.
Problem :
From the background of the study there are lots of problem concerning withthe speaking
skills. Those problem can be stated as follow:1.

The students are lack of speaking practice activities.2.

The students are difficult to explore their idea and speak fluently.3.
The students are difficult to pronunced the woods correctly.4.
The students are shy to practice english orally.
Research Question :
1.
Is the implementation of debate technique can improve
students speaking
skill?2.
How is the improvement of students speaking
skill after being taught usingdebate technique?
Definition of Key Terms :
Avoiding some incorrect interpretations of this research title the writerwants to clarity and
explains the terms.1.
ImplementationImplementation is tool or instrument for working (Hornby, 1985:426)2.
TechniqueWay of doing some thing, especially one that needs special skills. Usingskill with
which some body is able to do something practical. (oxforduniversity;455)3.
DebateFormal discussion at a public meeting or in parliament. Discusssomething formally;
consider something. (Oxford University;114)4.
ImprovingImproving is become or makes better, make good use of some thing(oxford
University press, 2003:216). In other dictionary we can find the wordimprove which means
to make better in quality or to make more productive to become better (Webster, 1994:487)5.
StudentsStudents are a people who is studying at a college, polytechnic, oruniversity or
anyone who studies or who is devoted to the acquisition (Hornby,1994:859). In other
definition, student is a person attending an educationalinstitution, for example high school or
college; one studying, one devoted tocareful and systematic study (Grolier, 1974:972)
6.
SpeakingSpeaking is the process of building and sharing meaning through the use
of verbal and non verbal symbol in a variety of context (Chancy 1998: 13). The
other opinion is shown by Hornby (1995: 318), speaking is making use of wordsin an
ordinary voice; utteringwords; knowing and being able to use a language;expressing oneself
in words; making a speech. In short, speaking skill is theability to perform the linguistic
knowledge in the actual communication. Byspeaking with others, we are able to know what
kinds of situation are in theworld.
.
The Components of Speaking Skill

Rubiati Richa,(2010:11) stated that there are five components are generalyiationrecognized in
analyses of the speech process:1.
Pronunciation; including the segmental features -vowels and consonants- and thestress and
intonation patterns.2.
Grammar3.
Vocabulary4.
Fluency; the ease and speed of the flow of speech5.
Comprehension; for oral communication certaintly requires a subject to respondto speech as
well as initiate it.
Technique in Learning Teaching
1.
DebateDebate is an activity in which opposite points of view are presented andargued.
Debate can present opportunities for students to engage in usingextended shunks of language
for a purpose : to convincingly defend one side ofan issue.
Teaching Learning Strategy :
This study will apply classroom action research. So in this case the writer willuse four cycles
consist of one meeting for each cycle.The procedures of each cycle are as follows:a.
PlanningThe activities are: