-1-

Study Group on a European Civil Code

[Book ? Chaper ?]
Principles of European Law on Benevolent Intervention in Anothers Affairs
(Asiainhuoltaja, Dioikisi allotrion; Besorgung fremder Angelegenheiten, Gestion daffaires,
Gestione di affari altrui; Gestin de asuntos ajenos, Gesto de assuntos alheios, Negotiorum
gestio, Tjnster utan uppdrag, Uanmodet forretningsfrelse, Zaakwaarneming)

Approved by the Co-ordinating Group

Prepared by Professor Christian v. Bar, Osnabrck
as Chairman of the Osnabrck Working Team on Unjustified Enrichment Law and
Negotiorum Gestio
with advice from the Advisory Council on Unjustified Enrichment Law and Negotiorum
Gestio,
the Drafting Committee
and the Co-ordinating Group.
Translation and additional assistance with drafting: Dr. Stephen Swann, Osnabrck

-2-

The Osnabrck Working Team

Begoa Alfonso de la Riva (Spanish Law), Erwin Beysen (Belgian and French Law), Gunter
Deppenkemper (Roman Law), Evlalia Eleftheriadou (Greek Law), Silvia Fedrizzi (Italian
Law, until October 2000), Andreas Ftschl (Austrian Law), Catherina Gozzi (Italian Law,
since February 2001), Lodewijk Gualthrie van Weezel (Dutch Law, since February 2001),
Matthias Hnert (German Law), Stefan Kettler (Irish Law, until September 2001), Ina El
Kobbia (Scottish Law), Franz Nieper (Dutch Law, until November 2000), Carlos de Medeiros
Nbrega (Portuguese Law), Sandra Rohlfing (Organisation and Minutes), Johan Sandstedt
(Nordic Laws, since April 2001), Mrten Schultz (Nordic Laws, until March 2001), Dr.
Stephen Swann (Common Law)
The Advisory Council on Unjustified Enrichment Law and Negotiorum Gestio
Professor Eric Clive (Edinburgh), Professor Jlio Gomes (Oporto), Professor Marie Gor
(Paris), Justitieradet Professor Torgny Hstad (Stockholm), Professor Ewan McKendrick
(Oxford), Professor Peter Schlechtriem (Freiburg), Kristina Siig (Aarhus),

The Co-ordinating Group

Professor Guido Alpa (Genua/Rome), Professor Maurits Barendrecht (Tilburg), Professor
Hugh Beale (London/Warwick), Professor John Blackie (Strathclyde), Professor Joachim
Bonell (Rome), Professor Carlo Castronovo (Milan), Dr. Eugenia Dacoronia (Athens),
Professor Ulrich Drobnig (Hamburg), Professor Bndicte Fauvarque-Cosson (Paris),
Professor Marcel Fontaine (Louvain), Professor Jacques Ghestin (Paris), Professor Sir Roy
Goode (Oxford), Professor Viggo Hagstrm (Oslo), Professor Arthur Hartkamp (The Hague),
Professor Johnny Herre (Stockholm), Professor Martijn Hesselink (Amsterdam), Professor
Ewoud Hondius (Utrecht), Professor Konstantinos Kerameus (Athens), Professor Jan
Kleineman (Stockholm), Professor Ole Lando (Copenhagen), Professor Hector MacQueen
(Edinburgh), Professor Eoin ODell (Dublin), Professor Guillermo Palao Moreno (Valencia),
Professor Edgar du Perron (Amsterdam), Professor Willibald Posch (Graz), Professor Andr
Prm (Luxembourg/Nancy), Professor Johannes Rainer (Salzburg), Professor Jerzy Rajski
(Warsaw), Professor Christina Ramberg (Stockholm), Professor Philippe Rmy (Poitiers),
Professor Encarna Roca y Trias (Barcelona), Professor Jorge Sinde Monteiro (Coimbra),
Professor Lena Sisula-Tulokas (Helsinki), Professor Sophie Stijns (Leuven), Professor Verica
Trstenjak (Maribor), Professor Lajos Vks (Budapest), Professor Anna Veneziano (Rome)

The Drafting Committee

Professor Hugh Beale (London/Warwick), Professor Jacques Ghestin (Paris), Professor
Christina Ramberg (Stockholm), Professor Peter Schlechtriem (Freiburg), Professor Sophie
Stijns (Leuven)

-3-

Paper No. 5 on Benevolent Intervention in Anothers Affairs

(Negotiorum Gestio)
Fourth Draft, 29th May 2002
Text of Articles (English)

Art. 1:101: Scope of Application

(1) This Chapter applies where a person (the intervener) acts:
(a) predominantly with the intention of benefiting another (the principal); and
(b) with reasonable ground.
If a reasonable ground is absent, this Chapter also applies where the principal
approves the act without undue delay.
(2) This Chapter does not apply where the intervener:
(a) is authorised to act under a contractual or other duty to the principal;
(b) is authorised to act independent of the principals assent or
(c) is under a duty to a third party to act.
(3) The intervener does not act with reasonable ground if the intervener:
(a)has a reasonable opportunity to discover the principals will but does not do so;
or
(b)knows or ought to know that he or she is acting against the principal's will
(4) Paragraphs (1)(a) and (2)(c) do not apply to acts in performance of a duty incurred
to a third party as intervener for the principal.

Art. 1:102: Duties of the Intervener

(1) The intervener while acting is under a duty to the principal to act with reasonable
care and in a manner which the intervener knows or may reasonably assume
accords with the principals will.
(2) So far as possible and reasonable, the intervener while acting shall inform the
principal about the act and seek the principals assent to further acts .
(3) An intervention once commenced may not be discontinued without good reason.
(4) After acting the intervener shall without undue delay report and account to the
principal and deliver up anything obtained by acting.
(5)In determining whether the intervener is in breach of duty in the course of acting to
provide protection against imminent danger, regard is to be had to the difficulty in
judging the situation of danger and in endeavouring to eliminate it.
(6)The intervener is liable to make reparation to the principal for damage caused by
breach of a duty set out in this article if the damage resulted from a risk which the
intervener created, increased or intentionally perpetuated. The interveners liability
is reduced or excluded in so far as this is just and equitable, having regard to,
among other things, the interveners reasons for acting.
(7)An intervener without full legal capacity is liable to make reparation only in so far
as that intervener is also liable under the law of tort. Such an interveners duty to

-4-

deliver up is subject to the defences which would be available in the law of

unjustified enrichment.

Art. 1: 103: Rights of the Intervener

(1) The intervener has a claim against the principal for indemnification or, as the case
may be, reimbursement in respect of an obligation, expenditure or other burden in
so far as it was reasonable for the intervener to incur the burden. In determining
what burdens it was reasonable to incur when the intervener acted to provide
protection against imminent danger, regard is to be had to the difficulty in judging
the situation of danger and in endeavouring to eliminate it.
(2) The intervener has a claim for remuneration in so far as the intervention is
reasonable and provided in the course of the interveners profession or trade. The
quantum of remuneration, so far as reasonable, is that which is ordinarily paid at
the time and place of performance in order to obtain a performance of the kind
undertaken.
(3) An intervener who acts to protect anothers person, property, rights or interests
against imminent danger has a claim against the principal for reparation for
personal injury, property damage and consequential losses suffered in acting, if the
intervention significantly created or increased the risk of such damage and if the
risk, so far as foreseeable, was in reasonable proportion to the worth of the
endangered interest.
(4) The interveners claims are reduced or excluded in so far as this is just and
equitable, having regard among other things to whether the intervener intended to
protect the principal from damage in a situation of joint danger, whether the burden
on the principal would be excessive and whether the intervener might reasonably
obtain appropriate redress from another.
(5) The person accountable under Book ? (Tort Law) for the situation of danger is
obliged to indemnify or, as the case may be, reimburse the principal in respect of the
interveners claims.
(6) Paras (1) to (4) of this article do not apply, as the case requires, where and in so far
as the intervener at the time of acting did not want to demand indemnification,
reimbursement, remuneration or reparation.
(7) The intervener may conclude legal transactions in the name of the principal where
and in so far as this is reasonable to promote the principals interest. A unilateral
transaction may be rejected by the third party without undue delay.

Art. 1: 104: Discharge of Duty in Overriding Public Interest

Where a person acts to perform a third partys duty, the performance of which is
due and a matter of overriding public interest, then, notwithstanding that the person
acting intended predominantly to benefit the recipient of the performance,
(a) as an exception to Art. 1:101 (1) (a) the third party is to be regarded as a
principal, whether or not the recipient is also a principal,
(b) Art. 1:101 (3) does not apply, and
(c) for the purposes of Art. 1:102 (1) the intervener may disregard the will of the
principal.

-5-

Artt. 1:101 1:104 old and new version

Old Version
NEGOTIORUM GESTIO

New Version
BENEVOLENT INTERVENTION IN
ANOTHER'S AFFAIRS

Art. 1: 101: Scope of Application

Art. 1:101*: Scope of Application

(1) The provisions of this Part apply

(1) This Chapter applies where a person
(the intervener) acts:
where:
(a) a person (the gestor) acts with the
(a) predominantly with the intention
intention
predominantly
of
of benefiting another (the
principal); and
benefiting another (the principal),
and
(b) with reasonable ground.
If a reasonable ground is absent, this
(b) has reasonable ground to act.
If a reasonable ground is absent, they
Chapter also applies where the
also apply where the principal
principal approves the act without undue
approves the act without undue delay.
delay.
(2)The provisions of this Part do not
apply where:
(a) the gestor is authorised to act
under a contractual or other
obligation towards the principal,
(b) the gestor has authority to act
which does not depend on the
principals consent,
(c) the gestor is obliged to a third
party to act, or
(d) the gestor acts in pursuance of a
void contract.
(3) The gestor does not have reasonable
ground to act if
(a) the gestor had a reasonable
opportunity to discover the
principals will but did not do so, or
(b)
the gestor knew or should
have known that what he did was
contrary to the principals will.

(2) This Chapter does not apply where

the intervener:
(a) is authorised to act under a
contractual or other duty to the
principal;
(b) is authorised to act independent
of the principals consent; or
(c) is under a duty to a third party to
act.

(3) The intervener does not act with

reasonable ground if the intervener:
(a) has a reasonable opportunity to
discover the principals will but
does not do so; or
(b) knows or ought to know that he
or she is acting against the
principal's will.
(4)Paragraphs (1)(a) and (2)(c) do not apply
to acts in performance of a duty incurred to
a third party as intervener for the principal.

The numbering depends on the outcome of the structure debate in Valencia. If negotiorum
gestio were made (e.g.) the second chapter of book VIII this Article would become Art.
VIII2:101

-6-

Art. 1:102: Duties of the Gestor

(1) The gestor is under a duty to the
principal to act with reasonable care and
in a manner which the gestor knows or
could reasonably assume would accord
with the will of the principal.
(2) So far as possible and reasonable the
gestor while acting shall inform the
principal about the act and seek the
principals assent to further acts.
(3) An act once commenced may not be
abandoned in breach of the duty to act
with care.
(4) After acting the gestor shall without
undue delay report and account to the
principal and deliver up anything
obtained [by the acting] due to the act.
(5) In determining whether the gestor is in
breach of duty in the course of acting to
provide protection against imminent
danger, regard is to be had to the
difficulty in judging the situation of
danger and in endeavouring to eliminate
it.
(6) The gestor is liable to make reparation
to the principal for damage caused by
breach of a duty set out in this article if
the damage resulted from a risk which
the gestor created, increased or
intentionally perpetuated. The gestors
liability is reduced or excluded in so far as
this is just and equitable, having regard to,
among other things, the gestors reasons for
acting.

(7) A gestor without full legal capacity is

liable to make reparation only in so far
as that gestor is also liable under the law
of tort. Such a gestors duty to deliver up is
subject to the defences
which would be
available in the law of
unjustified
enrichment.

Art. 1: 103: Rights of the Gestor

(1) The gestor has a claim against the

Art. 1:102: Duties of the Intervener

(1) The intervener while acting is under
a duty to the principal to act with
reasonable care and in a manner
which the intervener knows or may
reasonably assume accords with the
principals will.
(2) So far as possible and reasonable,
the intervener while acting shall
inform the principal about the act
and seek the principals assent to
further acts .
(3) An intervention once commenced
may not be discontinued without
good reason.
(4) After acting the intervener shall
without undue delay report and
account to the principal and deliver
up anything obtained by acting.
(5) In
determining
whether
the
intervener is in breach of duty in the
course of acting to provide protection
against imminent danger, regard is to
be had to the difficulty in judging the
situation of danger and in
endeavouring to eliminate it.
(6) The intervener is liable to make
reparation to the principal for
damage caused by breach of a duty
set out in this article if the damage
resulted from a risk which the
intervener created, increased or
intentionally
perpetuated.
The
interveners liability is reduced or
excluded in so far as this is just and
equitable, having regard to, among
other things, the interveners reasons
for acting.
(7) An intervener without full legal
capacity is liable to make reparation
only in so far as that intervener is
also liable under the law of tort. Such
an interveners duty to deliver up is
subject to the defences which would
be available in the law of unjustified
enrichment.
Art. 1: 103: Rights of the Intervener
(1) The intervener has a claim against

-7-

principal for indemnification or, as

the case may be, reimbursement in
respect of an obligation, expenditure
or other burden in so far as it was
reasonable for the gestor to incur the
burden. In determining what burdens
it was reasonable to incur when the
gestor acted to provide protection
against imminent danger, regard is to
be had to the difficulty in judging the
situation of danger and in
endeavouring to eliminate it.
(2) The gestor has a claim for
remuneration in so far as the act is
reasonable and provided in the
course of the gestors profession or
trade. The quantum of remuneration,
so far as reasonable, is that which is
ordinarily paid at the time and place
of performance in order to obtain a
performance of the kind undertaken.

(2)

(3) A gestor who acts to protect anothers

person, property, rights or interests
against imminent danger has a claim
against the principal for reparation
for personal injury, property damage
and consequential losses suffered in
acting, if the act significantly created
or increased the risk of such damage
and if the risk, so far as foreseeable,
was in reasonable proportion to the
worth of the endangered interest.

(3)

(4) The gestors claims are reduced or

excluded in so far as this is just and
equitable, having regard among other
things to whether the gestor intended
to protect the principal from damage
in a situation of joint danger,
whether the burden on the principal
would be excessive and whether the
gestor might reasonably obtain
appropriate redress from another.
(5) The person accountable under Book
V (Tort Law) for the situation of
danger is obliged to indemnify or, as
the case may be, reimburse the
principal in respect of the gestors
claims.
(6) Paras (1) to (4) of this article do not

(4)

(5)

(6)

the principal for indemnification or,

as the case may be, reimbursement in
respect of an obligation, expenditure
or other burden in so far as it was
reasonable for the intervener to incur
the burden. In determining what
burdens it was reasonable to incur
when the intervener acted to provide
protection against imminent danger,
regard is to be had to the difficulty in
judging the situation of danger and
in endeavouring to eliminate it.
The intervener has a claim for
remuneration in so far as the
intervention is reasonable and
provided in the course of the
interveners profession or trade. The
quantum of remuneration, so far as
reasonable, is that which is ordinarily
paid at the time and place of
performance in order to obtain a
performance of the kind undertaken.
An intervener who acts to protect
anothers person, property, rights or
interests against imminent danger
has a claim against the principal for
reparation for personal injury,
property damage and consequential
losses suffered in acting, if the
intervention significantly created or
increased the risk of such damage
and if the risk, so far as foreseeable,
was in reasonable proportion to the
worth of the endangered interest.
The interveners claims are reduced
or excluded in so far as this is just
and equitable, having regard among
other things to whether the intervener
intended to protect the principal from
damage in a situation of joint danger,
whether the burden on the principal
would be excessive and whether the
intervener might reasonably obtain
appropriate redress from another.
The person accountable under Book
? (Tort Law) for the situation of
danger is obliged to indemnify or, as
the case may be, reimburse the
principal
in
respect
of
the
interveners claims.
Paras (1) to (4) of this article do not

-8-

apply, as the case requires, where

and in so far as the gestor at the time
of acting did not want to demand
indemnification,
reimbursement,
remuneration or reparation.
(7) The gestor may conclude legal
transactions in the name of the
principal where and in so far as this
is reasonable to promote the
principals interest. A unilateral
transaction may be rejected by the
third party without undue delay.
Art. 1: 104: Discharge of Duty in
Overriding Public Interest

apply, as the case requires, where

and in so far as the intervener at the
time of acting did not want to demand
indemnification,
reimbursement,
remuneration or reparation.
(7) The intervener may conclude legal
transactions in the name of the
principal where and in so far as this
is reasonable to promote the
principals interest. A unilateral
transaction may be rejected by the
third party without undue delay.
Art. 1: 104: Discharge of Duty in
Overriding Public Interest

Where a person acts to perform a

third partys duty, the performance of
which is due and a matter of
overriding public interest, then,
notwithstanding that the person
acting intended predominantly to
benefit the recipient of the
performance,

Where a person acts to perform a

third partys duty, the performance of
which is due and a matter of
overriding public interest, then,
notwithstanding that the person
acting intended predominantly to
benefit the recipient of the
performance,

(a) as an exception to Art. 1:101

(1) (a) the third party is to be
regarded as a principal,
whether or not the recipient is
also a principal,
(b) Art. 1:101 (3) does not apply,
and
(c) for the purposes of Art. 1:102
(1) the gestor may disregard
the will of the principal.

(a) as an exception to Art. 1:101

(1) (a) the third party is to be
regarded as a principal,
whether or not the recipient is
also a principal,
(b) Art. 1:101 (3) does not apply,
and
(c) for the purposes of Art. 1:102
(1) the intervener may
disregard the will of the
principal.

-9-

- 10 -

Text of Articles in the other languages of the EU

[needs to be revised and completed]
Original

Comments

Version proposed by the

Working Team

Art. 1: 101 (1)

en

NEGOTIORUM GESTIO
Art. 1: 101: Scope of Application
(2) The provisions of this Part apply
where:
(c) a person (the gestor) acts with the
intention
predominantly
of
benefiting another (the principal),
and
(d) has reasonable ground to act.

1)Prof. Clive suggested Benevolent

intervention instead of Negotiorum
Gestio
and the intervener instead of the
gestor
2) predominantly should move:
(a) a person (the gestor) acts
predominantly with the intention of
benefiting another (the principal)

If a reasonable ground is
absent, they
also apply where the principal approves the
act without undue delay.
de

GESCHFTSFHRUNG OHNE
AUFTRAG

1) Instead of Geschftsherrn
Prinzipal ?

BENEVOLENT INTERVENTION IN ANOTHER'S

AFFAIRS
Art. 1: 101: Scope of Application
(2) This Chapter applies where a person (the
intervener) acts:
(c) predominantly with the intention of benefiting
another (the principal); and
(d) with reasonable ground.
If a reasonable ground is absent, this Part also
applies
where the principal approves the act
without undue
delay.
BESORGUNG FREMDER ANGELEGENHEITEN
Art. 1: 101: Anwendungsbereich

Art. 1: 101: Anwendungsbereich

(1)Die Vorschriften dieses Teils finden
Anwendung, wenn
(a) eine Person (der Geschftsfhrer)
berwiegend mit der Absicht eine andere
Person (den Geschftsherrn) zu begnstigen und
(b) aus vernnftigem Grund handelt.
Besteht kein vernnftiger Grund, finden
diese Vorschriften gleichwohl Anwendung,
wenn der Geschftsherr die Handlung

(1) Dieses Kapitel findet Anwendung, wenn eine Person (der

Geschftsfhrer)
(a) berwiegend mit der Absicht, einen anderen (den
Prinzipal) zu begnstigen und
(b) aus vernnftigem Grund handelt.
Besteht ....

- 11 -

unverzglich genehmigt.
nl

ZAAKWAARNEMING
Art. 1: 101 Toepassingsgebied

(1) De bepalingen van dit deel zijn van

toepassing indien
(a) een persoon (de zaakwaarnemer)
hoofdzakelijk met de bedoeling handelt
om een ander (de belanghebbende)
een voordeel te doen toekomen, en
(b) een redelijke grond heeft om te handelen.
Wanneer een redelijke grond ontbreekt, zijn
de bepalingen van dit deel eveneens van
toepassing indien de belanghebbende de
handeling zonder onnodig uitstel goedkeurt.
sv
NEGOTIORUM GESTIO//TJNSTER UTAN
UPPDRAG

Art. 1: 101: Tillmpningsomrde

(1) Bestmmelserna i denna del r tillmpliga nr
(a) en person (gestor) huvudsakligen handlar
med avsikten att gagna en annan
(huvudmannen), och
(b) har sklig anledning att
handla.
Om sklig anledning saknas r de ocks
tillmpliga nr huvudmannen utan oskligt
drjsml ratihaberar handlingen.
el
it

GESTIONE DI AFFARI ALTRUI

Art 1:101: Ambito di applicazione
(1) Le disposizioni della presente Parte si applicano
nei casi in cui:
(a) una persona (il gestore) agisca con l'intenzione
prevalente di arrecare vantaggio ad un' altra
(l'interessato) e

ZAAKWAARNEMING
Art. 1: 101 Toepassingsgebied
(1) Dit hoofdstuk is van toepassing indien een persoon (de
zaakwaarnemer)
(a) hoofdzakelijk met de bedoeling handelt om een ander
(de belanghebbende) een voordeel te doen toekomen, en
(b) een redelijke grond heeft om te handelen.
Wanneer een redelijke grond ontbreekt, is dit hoofdstuk
eveneens van toepassing indien de belanghebbende de
handeling zonder onnodig uitstel goedkeurt.

NEGOTIORUM GESTIO//TJNSTER UTAN

UPPDRAG
Art. 1: 101: Tillmpningsomrde
(1) Denna del r tillmplig nr en person (gestor) handlar
(a) med den huvudsakliga avsikten att gagna en annan
(huvudmannen), och
(b) av sklig anledning.
Om sklig anledning saknas r denna del ocks tillmplig
nr huvudmannen ratihaberar handlingen utan oskligt
drjsml.

GESTIONE DI AFFARI ALTRUI

Art. 1:101:Ambito di applicazione
(1) Il presente Capitolo si applica nei casi in cui una persona (il
gestore) agisca:
(a)con l'intenzione prevalente di arrecare vantaggio ad una
altra (l' interessato) e
(b)con un motivo ragionevole.

- 12 -

es

(b) abbia un motivo ragionevole per agire.

Se un motivo ragionevole non sussiste, le
disposizioni della presente Parte si applicano
anche nei casi in cui l'interessato approvi la
gestione senza ingiustificato ritardo.

Se un motivo ragionevole non sussiste, la presente Parte si

applica anche nei casi in cui l'interessato approvi la gestione
senza ingiustificato ritardo.

GESTIN DE NEGOCIOS AJENOS

GESTIN DE ASUNTOS AJENOS

Art. 1:101: mbito de aplicacin

Art. 1:101: mbito de aplicacin

(1)

Las disposiciones de la presente Parte se

aplicarn cuando:
(a)
una persona (el gestor) actue
predominantemente con la intencin de
beneficiar a otra (el interesado), y
(b)
tenga un motivo razonable para actuar.
Si no existe un motivo razonable, tambin se
aplicarn estas disposiciones cuando el
interesado apruebe el acto sin demora
injustificada.
pt

(2)

El presente captulo se aplica cuando una persona (el

gestor) actue:
(a)
predominantemente con la intencin de beneficiar a otra
(el interesado), y
(b)
con un motivo razonable.
Si no existe un motivo razonable, tambin se aplicar la presente
parte cuando el interesado apruebe el acto sin demora injustificada.

GESTO DE NEGCIOS

GESTO DE ASSUNTOS ALHEIOS

Art. 1: 101: mbito de aplicao

(1) As disposies da presente Parte aplicam-se
quando:
(a) Uma pessoa (o gestor//o interventor) age
com a inteno predominante de beneficiar
outrem (o dono do negcio), e
(b) tem um motivo razovel para agir.
As presentes disposies tambm se aplicam,
mesmo que no exista um motivo razovel, desde que o
dono do negcio aprove o acto sem demora injustificada.
-------fr
-------da
-------fi

Art.1:101 (2)

Art. 1: 101: mbito de aplicao

(1) Aplica-se o presente Captulo quando uma pessoa (o
interventor) age:
(a) predominantemente com a inteno de benificiar
outra
pessoa (o interessado), e
(b) com um motivo razovel.
Se no existe um motivo razovel, tambm se aplica o
presente Captulo, se o interessado aprovar o acto sem demora
injustificada.
missing
missing
missing

- 13 -

en

(3) The provisions of this Part do not apply Delete para. (d) on the basis this is
subsumed by the requirement in (1)(a),
where:
as explained in the comments.
(e) the gestor is authorised to act
under a contractual or other
obligation towards the principal,
(f) the gestor has authority to act
which does not depend on the
principals consent,
(g) the gestor is obliged to a third
party to act, or
(d) the gestor acts in pursuance of a
void contract.

de (2) Die Vorschriften dieses Teils finden keine

Anwendung, wenn
(a) der Geschftsfhrer aufgrund einer vertraglichen
oder anderen Verpflichtung dem Geschftsherrn
gegenber zu handeln befugt ist,
(b) der Geschftsfhrer eine Befugnis zu handeln
hat, die nicht von der Zustimmung des
Geschftsherrn abhngt,
(c) der Geschftsfhrer einer dritten Partei
gegenber zu handeln verpflichtet ist, oder
(d) der Geschftsfhrer in Ausfhrung eines
nichtigen Vertrages handelt.
nl (2) De bepalingen van dit deel zijn niet
van toepassing indien
(a) de zaakwaarnemer op grond van een
contractuele of andere verplichting tegenover de
belanghebbende bevoegd is om te handelen,
(b) de zaakwaarnemer de bevoegdheid heeft om
te handelen, waarbij deze bevoegdheid niet
afhankelijk is van de toestemming van de
belanghebbende,
(c) de zaakwaarnemer tegenover een derde
verplicht is om te handelen, of
(d) de zaakwaarnemer in de veronderstelling

(2) This Chapter does not apply where the

intervener:
(d) is authorised to act under a contractual or
other duty to the principal;
(e) is authorised to act independent of the
principals consent; or
(f) is under a duty to a third party to act..

(2) Dieses Kapitel findet keine Anwendung, wenn der

Geschftsfhrer:
(a) aufgrund einer vertraglichen oder anderen Verpflichtung
dem Prinzipal gegenber zu handeln befugt ist;
(b) unabhngig von der Zustimmung des Prinzipals zu
handeln befugt ist;
(c) einer dritten Partei gegenber zu handeln verpflichtet ist;
oder

(2) De bepalingen van dit deel zijn niet van toepassing indien de
zaakwaarnemer
a) op grond van een contractuele of andere verplichting tegenover de
belanghebbende bevoegd is om te handelen,
b) de bevoegdheid heeft om te handelen, waarbij deze bevoegdheid
niet afhankelijk is van de toestemming van de belanghebbende, of
c) tegenover een derde verplicht is om te handelen.

- 14 -

handelt een contractuele verplichting na te

komen.
(2)
Bestmmelserna
i denna del r inte tillmpliga
sv
nr
(a) gestor p grund av avtal eller annan frpliktelse
gentemot huvudmannen r berttigad att handla,
(b) gestor har en befogenhet att handla vilken ej r
beroende av huvudmannens samtycke,
(c) gestor gentemot en tredje
man r frpliktad att
handla, eller
(d) gestor handlar vid uppfyllandet av ett ogiltigt
avtal.
el
it (2)Le disposizioni della presente Parte
non si applicano nei casi in cui:
(a) il gestore sia legittimato ad agire in forza di
un obbligo contrattuale o di altra natura nei
confronti dell'interessato
(b) il gestore fondi la sua legittimazione ad agire
su un titolo che sia indipendente dal
consenso dell'interessato
(c) il gestore sia obbligato ad agire nei confronti
di un terzo
(d) il gestore agisca
nell'esecuzione di un
contratto nullo
es (2) Las disposiciones de la presente Parte no se
aplicarn cuando:
(a) el gestor est autorizado
para actuar
bajo
una obligacin contractual o de otra ndole
frente al interesado,
(b) el gestor tenga autoridad
para actuar
independientemente del consentimiento
del interesado,
(c) el gestor est obligado a actuar frente a
un tercero, o
(d) el gestor actue en
cumplimiento
de un contrato nulo.

(2)Detta kapitel tillmpas inte nr gestor

(a) p grund av avtal eller annan frpliktelse gentemot huvudmannen
har befogenhet att handla,
(b) oberoende av huvudmannens vilja har befogenhet att handla, eller
(c) gentemot en tredje man r frpliktad att handla.

(2)Il presente Capitolo non si applica nei casi

in cui il gestore:
(a) sia legittimato ad agire in forza di un obbligo
contrattuale o di altra natura nei confronti
dell'interessato
(b) sia legittimato ad agire indipendentemente dal
consenso dell'interessato
(c) sia obbligato ad agire nei confronti di un terzo

(2) Las disposiciones del presente captulo no se aplicarn

cuando el gestor:
(a) est autorizado para actuar bajo un deber contractual
o de otra ndole frente al interesado,
(b) est autorizado para actuar independientemente del
consentimiento del interesado, o
(c) est obligado a actuar frente a
un tercero.

- 15 -

pt

((2) As disposies da presente Parte no se

aplicam quando:
(a) O gestor esteja autorizado a agir por uma
obrigao, contratual ou de outra natureza,
face a//perante o dono do negcio,
(b) o gestor tenha autoridade para agir, a qual
no depende do consentimento do dono do
negcio,
(c) o gestor seja obrigado a agir face a//perante
terceiro // uma terceira parte, ou
(d) o gestor aja em cumprimento//execuo de
um contrato invlido.

fr
da
fi

----------------------

2) No se aplica o presente Captulo quando o interventor:

(a) esteja autorizado a agir por um dever contratual ou de
outra natureza face ao interessado,
(b) esteja autorizado a agir, independentemente do
consentimento do interessado, ou
(c) seja obrigado a agir perante terceiro.

missing
missing
missing

Art.1:101 (3)
en (3) The gestor does not have
reasonable ground to act if
(a) the gestor had a reasonable
opportunity to discover the
principals will but did not do so,
or

(3) The intervener does not act with reasonable ground

if the intervener:
(c) has a reasonable opportunity to discover the
principals will but does not do so; or
(d) knows or ought to know that he or she is
acting against the principal's will.

(b) the gestor knew or should have known

that what he did was contrary to the
principals will.
de (3) Der Geschftsfhrer hat keinen vernnftigen
Grund zu handeln, wenn
(a) der Geschftsfhrer eine vernnftige
Gelegenheit hatte, den Willen des Geschftsherrn in Erfahrung zu bringen, dies aber nicht
getan hat, oder

(3) Der Geschftsfhrer handelt nicht aus vernnftigem Grund,

wenn der Geschftsfhrer
(a) eine angemessene Gelegenheit, den Willen des Prinzipals in
Erfahrung zu bringen nicht nutzt oder
(b) wei oder wissen muss, dass er gegen den Willen des
Prinzipals handelt.

- 16 -

(b) der Geschftsherr wusste

oder wissen
musste, dass, was er tat, dem Willen des
Geschftsherrn widersprach.
nl (3) De zaakwaarnemer heeft geen
redelijke grond om te handelen
wanneer
(a) de zaakwaarnemer in alle
redelijkheid
de moglijkheid had om de wil van de
belanghebbende te achterhalen maar dit niet
gedaan heeft, of
(b) de zaakwaarnemer wist of had behoren te
weten dat hetgeen hij deed niet strookte
met
de wil van de belanghebbende.
(3) Gestor har ej sklig anledning att
handla om
(a) gestor hade en sklig mjlighet att
utrna huvudmannens vilja,
men inte
gjort detta, eller
(b) insg eller bort inse att det han gjorde stred
mot huvudmannens vilja.
el
it (3) Il gestore non ha un motivo
ragionevole per agire se
(a) il gestore aveva una ragionevole
possibilita`di
accertarsi della
volonta`dell'interessato ma non se ne
e`accertato, o
(b) il gestore sapeva o avrebbe dovuto sapere
che gli atti che compiva erano contrari
alla
volonta`dell'interessato.
es (3) El gestor no tiene un motivo
razonable para actuar si
(a) el gestor tuvo una posibilidad razonable de
averiguar la voluntad del interesado pero no lo hizo
as, o
(b) el gestor saba o deba haber sabido que lo
que haca era contrario a la voluntad del
interesado.

(3) De zaakwaarnemer handelt zonder redelijke grond wanneer de

zaaknemer
(a) in alle redelijkheid de moglijkheid heeft om de wil van de
belanghebbende te achterhalen maar dit niet doet, of
(b) weet of behoort te weten dat hij in strijd met de
wil van de belanghebbende handelt.

Gestor handlar ej av sklig anledning, om gestor

(a) har en sklig mjlighet att utrna huvudmannens vilja, men ej gr
det, eller
(b) inser eller br inse att han handlar mot huvudmannens vilja.

(3) Il gestore non agisce con un motivo ragionevole

se:
(a) ha una ragionevole possibilita`di accertarsi della
volonta`dell'interessato ma non se ne accerta; o
(b) sa o dovrebbe sapere che sta agendo
contro la
volonta`dell'interessato.

(3) El gestor no actua con un motivo razonable si

(a) tiene una posibilidad razonable de averiguar la
voluntad del interesado pero no lo hace as, o
(b) sabe o debera saber que est actuando en contra de
la voluntad del interesado.

- 17 -

pt

fr
da
fi

(3) O gestor no tem motivo razovel para agir

se
(a) o gestor tinha uma oportunidade
razovel para averiguar//ficar ciente//tomar
conhecimento da vontade do dono do negcio,
mas no o fez, ou
(b) o gestor sabia ou deveria ter sabido
que aquilo que ele fez era contrrio vontade
do dono do negcio.
----------------------

(3) O interventor no age com motivo razovel quando

(a) tenha uma oportunidade razovel para ficar ciente da
vontade do interessado, mas no o fez, ou
(b) saiba ou deveria saber que agia contra a vontade do
interessado.

missing
missing
missing

en

Art. 1:101(4)
(4) Paragraphs (1)(a) and (2)(c) do not apply to acts in performance
of a duty incurred to a third party as intervener for the principal.
All translations missing

en

Art. 1: 102: Duties of the Gestor

Art. 1: 102: Duties of the Gestor
(1) The gestor is under a duty to the

principal
to act with reasonable care
and in a manner which the gestor knows
or could reasonably
assume would
accord with the will of the
principal.
de

Art. 1: 102: Pflichten des Geschftsfhrers

(1) Der Geschftsfhrer ist dem Geschftsherrn
gegenber verpflichtet, mit angemessener
Sorgfalt und in einer Weise zu handeln, von der der
Geschftsfhrer wei oder vernnftigerweise
annehmen knnte, dass sie dem Willen des
Geschftsherrn entspreche.

nl

Art. 1: 102: Plichten van de zaakwaarnemer

(1) De zaakwaarnemer is tegenover de belanghebbende

- consequential substitution of
'intervener' for 'gestor'
- change in tense

Art. 1: 102: Duties of the Intervener

(1) The intervener is under a duty to the principal to act with
reasonable care and in a manner which the gestor knows or may
reasonably assume accords with the principal's will.

Art. 1: 102: Pflichten des Geschftsfhrers

(1) Der Geschftsfhrer ist dem Prinzipal gegenber
verpflichtet, mit angemessener Sorgfalt und in einer Weise
zu handeln, von der der Geschftsfhrer wei oder
vernnftigerweise annehmen darf, dass sie dem Willen des
Prinzipals entspricht.

- 18 -

verplicht met redelijke zorg te handelen en op een wijze

waarvan de zaakwaarnemer weet of redelijkerwijze kan
aannemen dat deze met de wil van de belanghebbende
overeenstemt.
sv

Art. 1:102: Gestors skyldigheter

Art. 1:102: Gestors skyldigheter

(1) Gestor r gentemot huvudmannen skyldig att handla

med sklig omsorg och p ett stt, som gestor inser eller
skligen kunde antaga motsvarar huvudmannens vilja.
el
it

es

Art. 1:102: Obblighi del gestore

Art. 1:102: Obblighi del gestore

(1) Il gestore ha l'obbligo nei confronti dell'interessato di

agire con ragionevole diligenza e in un modo che il
gestore sappia o possa ragionevolmente supporre
corrisponda alla volonta`dell'interessato.

(1) Il gestore ha l'obbligo nei confronti dell'interessato di agire con

ragionevole diligenza e in un modo che il gestore sappia o possa
ragionevolmente supporre corrisponda alla volonta`dell'interessato.

A. Art. 1:102: Deberes del gestor

(1) El gestor tiene frente al interesado el deber de actuar
con una diligencia adecuada y de un modo que el gestor
sepa o pudiese razonablemente suponer, sera acorde con
la voluntad del interesado.

pt

(1) Gestor r gentemot huvudmannen skyldig att handla med sklig

omsorg och p ett stt, som gestor inser eller skligen kan // (fr)
antaga motsvarar huvudmannens vilja.

Art. 1: 102: Deveres do gestor

(1) O gestor tem o dever, face ao dono do negcio, de
agir com diligncia razovel//adequada e de modo que o
gestor(//aquele) saiba ou poderia razoavelmente
presumir//deduzir que est(//age) em conformidade com a
vontade //corresponda vontade do dono do negcio
(//deste).

fr
da
fi

1:102 (2)
en (2) So far as possible and reasonable, the gestor
while acting shall inform the principal about
act and seek the principals assent to further
.
de (2) Soweit mglich und vernnftig hat der
Geschftsfhrer den Geschftsherrn whrend der

the
acts

B. Art. 1:102: Deberes del gestor

(1) El gestor tiene frente al interesado el deber de actuar con una
diligencia adecuada y de un modo que el gestor sepa o pueda
razonablemente suponer, sea acorde con la voluntad del interesado

- 19 -

Handlung ber die Handlung // diese zu informieren und

die Zustimmung des Geschftsherrn zu weiteren
Handlungen // Manahmen einholen.
nl (2) Voor zover mogelijk en redelijk, dient de
zaakwaarnemer tijdens zijn handelen/waarneming de
belanghebbende over zijn handeling te informeren/in te
lichten en diens toestemming voor toekomstige/verdere
handelingen te vragen.
sv (2) S vitt det r mjligt och skligt, skall gestor medan
han handlar informera huvudmannen om handlingen och
ska huvudmannens samtycke till vidare handlingar.
el
it (2) In quanto sia possibile e ragionevole, il gestore deve
informare l'interessato della gestione durante la stessa e
chiedere il suo consenso per continuarla.
es (2)En tanto que sea posible y razonable, el gestor,
mientras est actuando, deber informar al interesado
sobre la actuacin y solicitar al interesado su
consentimiento para posteriores actuaciones.
pt (2) Desde que//Logo que seja possvel e razovel, o
gestor deve, durante a gesto, informar
ao//avisar//comunicar o dono do negcio sobre a gesto
(//a esse respeito), bem como obter do dono do negcio
aprovao//consentimento para continuar a agir//para
novos actos .
fr
da
fi

1:102 (3)
en

(3) An act once commenced may not be

abandoned in breach of the duty to act
with
care.

de (3) Eine einmal begonnene Handlung darf nicht

unter Verletzung der Pflicht, sorgfltig zu

- 20 -

handeln, abgebrochen werden.

nl (3) Een eenmaal begonnen handeling mag niet in strijd
met de verplichting zorgvuldig te handelen, afgebroken
worden.
sv En handling, som en gng pbrjats, fr ej avbrytas i strid
med plikten att handla aktsamt.
el
it (3) Una volta iniziata, la gestione non puo`essere
interrotta violando l'obbligo di agire con diligenza.
es (3) Una actuacin una vez comenzada no deber ser
abandonada violndose en tal caso el deber de actuar con
diligencia..
pt (3) Uma vez iniciado um acto, o mesmo no pode ser
interrompido, sob pena de estar-se violando o dever de
actuar com diligncia.
fr
da
fi

1: 102 (4)
en (4) After acting the gestor shall without undue
delay report and account to the principal and
deliver up anything obtained [by the acting??;
Clive] due to the act.
de (4) Nach der Handlung hat der Geschftsfhrer dem
Geschftsherrn unverzglich Bericht zu erstatten,
Rechenschaft abzulegen und alles aufgrund//aus [durch;
CLIVE] der Handlung erlangte herauszugeben.
nl (4) Nadat hij gehandeld heeft/Na afloop van de
waarneming is de zaakwaarnemer ertoe gehouden zonder
onnodig uitstel bij de belanghebbende verslag uit te
brengen, rekenschap af te leggen en al hetgeen hij door
zijn handelen/in verband met de waarneming verworven
heeft, af te dragen.
sv Efter handlingen skall gestor utan oskligt drjsml
meddela huvudmannen och redovisa fr huvudmannen,
samt utge allt som erhllits //(uppntts) p grund av
handlingen.

- 21 -

el
it (4) Condotta a termine la gestione, il gestore deve senza
ritardo riferirne, renderne conto all'interessato e
rimettergli tutto cio`di cui e`entrato nella disponibilita`a
causa della gestione.
es (4) Despues de actuar el gestor deber sin demora
informar y rendir cuentas al interesado as como entregar
cualquier cosa obtenida a travs de la actuacin.
pt (4) Terminada/concluda//Aps a gesto, o gestor dever,
sem demora injustificada, informar o dono do negcio,
prestando-lhe contas, e ainda entregar-lhe tudo o que
tenha obtido atravs da gesto.
fr
da
fi

1: 102 (5)
en (5) In determining whether the gestor is in breach
of duty in the course of acting to provide
protection against imminent danger, regard is
to be had to the difficulty in judging the
situation of danger and in endeavouring to
eliminate it.
de (5) Bei der Entscheidung, ob der Geschftsfhrer bei
seiner Handlung zum Schutz gegen eine
dringende Gefahr eine [Sorgfalts-???] Pflicht
verletzt, ist die Schwierigkeit der Beurteilung
der Gefahrensituation und des Bemhens sie zu
beseitigen zu bercksichtigen.
nl
sv
el
it (5) Nel determinare se nel corso della gestione il gestore
viola l'obbligo di adottare le opportune cautele di fronte
ad un pericolo attuale, occorre aver riguardo alla
difficolta`nel valutare la situazione di pericolo e nel
tentare di eliminarla.
es (5) Para determinar si el gestor viola un deber en el curso

- 22 -

de su actuacin para proporcionar proteccin frente a un

peligro inminente, habr de tenerse en cuenta la dificultad
para juzgar la situacin de peligro y en la tentativa de
eliminarla.
pt (5) Ao//Para estabelecer//determinar se o gestor age com
violao de dever [de diligncia] durante a tomada de
providncias para proteco contra dano iminente,
necessrio ter em conta a dificuldade a que era submetido
em considerar a stiuao de perigo e em esforar-se por
elimin-lo.
fr
da
fi

1: 102 (6)
en (6) The gestor is liable to make reparation to the
principal for damage caused by breach of a duty set out
in this article if the damage resulted from a risk which
the gestor created, increased [or intentionally
perpetuated check again!]. The gestors liability is
reduced or excluded in so far as this is just and
equitable, having regard to, among other things, the
gestors reasons for acting.
de (6) Der Geschftsfhrer haftet dem Geschftsherrn auf
Schadenersatz fr den Schaden, der durch die Verletzung
einer in diesem Artikel aufgestellten// bestimmten Pflicht
verursacht worden ist, wenn der Schaden aus einem
Risiko resultierte, das der Geschftsfhrer hervorgerufen,
erhht [oder vorstzlich// absichtlich fortbestehen lassen
check again !"] hat.
Die Haftung des Geschftsfhrers ist vermindert oder
ausgeschlossen insoweit dies unter Bercksichtigung
unter anderem der Grnde des Geschftsfhrers fr seine
Handlung gerecht und billig ist.
nl
sv
el
it (6) Il gestore e`responsabile di fronte all'interessato per il

- 23 -

risarcimento del danno cagionato dalla violazione di un

obbligo enunciato nel presente articolo se il danno e`la
conseguenza di un pericolo creato dal gestore o acuito da
un suo comportamento. La responsabilita`del gestore
e`ridotta o esclusa nei limiti in cui cio`sia giusto ed equo,
avuto riguardo, tra l'altro, ai motivi per cui il gestore ha
assunto la gestione.
es (6) El gestor es responsable frente al interesado de la
reparacin de los daos causados por la violacin de un
deber dispuesto en el presente artculo si el dao result
de un riesgo que el gestor cre, aument (o mantuvo
dolosamente). La responsabilidad del gestor se reducir o
excluir en tanto que esto sea justo y equitativo, teniendo
en cuenta, entre otras cosas, las razones que le llevaron a
actuar al gestor.
pt (6) O gestor responsvel por//responsabilizado a
indemnizar o dono do negcio pelo dano causado por
violao de dever (de diligncia), disposto no presente
artigo, desde que o dano resulte de um risco criado,
aumentado ou perpetuado pelo gestor. O tribunal pode
reduzir ou recusar a aco//pretenso do gestor desde que
seja justo e equitativo faz-lo, tendo em considerao,
entre outras coisas, as razes//os motivos do gestor para
agir.
fr
da
fi

1: 102 (7)
en (7) A gestor without full legal capacity is liable to make
reparation only in so far as that gestor is also liable
under the law of tort. Such a gestors duty to deliver up
is subject to the defences which would be available in
the law of unjustified enrichment.
de (7) Ein nicht voll geschftsfhiger Geschftsfhrer
haftet auf Schadenersatz nur insoweit wie er auch nach
Deliktsrecht haftet. Die Herausgabepflicht eines solchen
Geschftsfhrers ist den Einreden unterworfen, die nach

- 24 -

dem Recht der ungerechtfertigten Bereicherungen geltend

gemacht werden knnten // Die Herausgabepflicht eines
solchen Geschftsfhrers unterliegt den Einreden des
Rechts der ungerechtfertigten Bereicherungen.
nl
sv
el
it
es (7) El gestor sin plena capacidad legal ser responsable
para reparar slo en tanto en cuanto tambin sea
responsable en base a las normas de responsabilidad civil.
El deber de entrega de tal gestor estar sujeto a las
excepciones disponibles en base a las normas del
enriquecimiento injusto.
pt (7) Um gestor sem (plena) capacidade jurdica//legal
pode ser responsabilizado somente pelas regras da
responsabilidade extra-contratual. O dever de entrega do
gestor est sujeito s excepes (aco indirecta)
previstas na lei de enriquecimento sem causa.
fr
da
fi

en

Art. 1: 103 (1)

Art. 1: 103: Rights of the Gestor
(8) The gestor has a claim against the
principal for indemnification or, as the
case may be, reimbursement in respect
of an obligation, expenditure or other
burden in so far as it was reasonable for
the gestor to incur the burden. In
determining what burdens it was
reasonable to incur when the gestor
acted to provide protection against
imminent danger, regard is to be had to
the difficulty in judging the situation of

- 25 -

danger and in endeavouring to eliminate

it.
de
nl
sv
el
it
es (1) El gestor tiene una accin frente al interesado de
indemnizacin o, segn sea el caso, de reembolso con
respecto a una obligacin, gasto u otra carga en tanto que
fue razonable para el gestor incurrir en esa carga. Para
determinar en que cargas fue razonable incurrir cuando el
gestor actu para proporcionar proteccin contra un
peligro inminente, se habr de tener en cuenta la
dificultad para juzgar la situacin de peligro y en la
tentativa de eliminarlo.
pt
fr
da
fi

en

de
nl
sv
el
it

1: 103 (2)
(9) The gestor has a claim for remuneration
in so far as the act is reasonable and
provided in the course of the gestors
profession or trade. The quantum of
remuneration, so far as reasonable, is
that which is ordinarily paid at the time
and place of performance in order to
obtain a performance of the kind
undertaken.

- 26 -

es (2) El gestor tendr una accin de remuneracin en tanto

que la actuacin sea razonable y prestada en el curso de
la profesin o negocio del gestor. El quntum de la
remuneracin, siendo razonable, ser el que normalmente
se paga en el tiempo y lugar de la prestacin en orden a
obtener una prestacin del tipo de la llevada a cabo.
pt
fr
da
fi

1: 103 (3)
en

(10) A gestor who acts to protect anothers person,

property, rights or interests against imminent
danger has a claim against the principal for
reparation for personal injury, property
damage and consequential losses suffered in
acting, if the act significantly created or
increased the risk of such damage and if the
risk, so far as foreseeable, was in reasonable
proportion to the worth of the endangered
interest.

de
nl
sv
el
it
es (3) El gestor que actua para proteger la propiedad, los
derechos o los intereses de otra persona frente a un
peligro inminente tiene una accin frente al interesado de
reparacin de los daos en la persona, los daos en la
propiedad y las perdidas resultantes sufridas en la
actuacin, si la actuacin cre o aument
significativamente el riesgo de tal dao y si el riesgo,
siendo previsible, era razonable proporcional al valor del
inters puesto en peligro.
pt
fr

- 27 -

da
fi

1: 103 (4)
en

(11) The gestors claims are reduced or excluded in

so far as this is just and equitable, having
regard among other things to whether the
gestor intended to protect the principal from
damage in a situation of joint danger, whether
the burden on the principal would be excessive
and whether the gestor might reasonably
obtain appropriate redress from another.

de
nl
sv
el
it
es (4) Las acciones del gestor se reducirn o excluirn en
cuanto que sea justo y equitativo, teniendo en cuenta
entre otras cosas que el gestor pretenda proteger al
interesado de un dao en una situacin de peligro
conjunto, que la carga para el interesado sera excesiva y
que el gestor debera obtener razonablemente una
reparacin apropiada de otra persona.
pt
fr
da
fi

en

de
nl

1: 103 (5)
(12)
The person accountable under
Book 3 (Tort Law) for the situation of
danger is obliged to indemnify or, as the
case may be, reimburse the principal in
respect of the gestors claims.

- 28 -

sv
el
it
es (5) La persona que sea imputable por la situacin de
peligro segn el Libro 3 (Responsabilidad civil
extracontractual) estar obligada a indemnizar o, segn
sea el caso, pagar al interesado con respecto a las
acciones del gestor.
pt
fr
da
fi

en

1: 103 (6)
(13)
Paras (1) to (4) of this article do
not apply, as the case requires, where
and in so far as the gestor at the time of
acting did not want to demand
indemnification,
reimbursement,
remuneration or reparation.

de
nl
sv
el
it
es (6) Los prrafos 1 a 4 del presente artculo no se
aplicarn, segn requiera el caso, en tanto en cuanto el
gestor en el momento en el que actua no quiera pedir
indemnizacin, reembolso, remuneracin o reparacin.
pt
fr
da
fi

en (7)The

1: 103 (7)
gestor may conclude legal transactions

- 29 -

in the name of the principal where and in so far

as this is reasonable to promote the principals
interest. A unilateral transaction may be
rejected by the third party without undue delay.
de
nl
sv
el
it
es (7)El gestor podr concluir una transaccin legal en
nombre del interesado en tanto en cuanto sea razonable
para favorecer los intereses del interesado/al interesado.
Una transaccin unilateral podr ser rechazada por la
tercera parte sin demora injustificada.
pt
fr
da
fi

en

Art. 1: 104
Art. 1: 104: Discharge of Duty in Overriding
Public Interest
Where a person acts to perform a third
partys duty, the performance of which
is due and a matter of overriding public
interest, then, notwithstanding that the
person acting intended predominantly
to benefit the recipient of the
performance,
(a) as an exception to Art. 1:101 (1)
(a) the third party is to be
regarded as a principal, whether
or not the recipient is also a

- 30 -

principal,
(b) Art. 1:101 (3) does not apply,
and
(c) for the purposes of Art. 1:102
(1) the
gestor may disregard the
will of the principal.
de
nl
sv
el
it
es

Art. 1:104: Exoneracin del deber de inters

pblico superior
Cuando una persona actua para cumplir el deber
de un tercero, cuyo cumplimiento es debido a y
asunto de inters pblico superior, entonces, por
ms que la persona actue con la intencin
predominante de beneficiar al que recibe la
prestacin,
(a) como excepcin del art. 1:101 (1)
(a) la tercera parte ha de entenderse
como el interesado,
independientemente de que el que
recibe la prestacin tambin sea
interesado,
(b) el art. 1: 101 (3) no ser aplicable,
y
(c) para los efectos del art. 1:102 (1) el
gestor podr ignorar la voluntad
del interesado.

pt
fr
da
fi