Chek Lap Kok Airport

Hong Kong, China 1992 1998

GROUP

ADARSH S

FT164094

NAKUL T M

FT164094

SREEJITH N

FT164094

VAISAKH S

FT164094

Table of Contents

1.

PROJECT CHARTER............................................................................................... 3

2.

PROJECT SCOPE.................................................................................................... 4

3.

4.

2.1

DELIVERABLES............................................................................................... 4

2.2

BOUNDARIES AND CONSTRAINTS..................................................................4

2.3

ASSUMPTIONS AND APPROACH......................................................................5

2.4

CONSTRAINTS................................................................................................ 5

RISKS (FORESEEN AND UNFORSEEN)...................................................................5

3.1

FORESEEN RISKS............................................................................................ 5

3.2

UNFORESEEN RISKS....................................................................................... 6

HINDSIGHT VIEWS................................................................................................ 6

1. PROJECT CHARTER

Project Name
Prepared by
Date

Purpose

HKIA construction
Group 2
10-Oct-15
Hong Kong International Airport
Start Date
: April 1991
Hong Kong is a city in southeastern China, it was a former
British colony. Hongkong is very Vibrant and densely populated.
It has one of the major ports in Asia and also popular as a
global financial center.
Chek Lap Kok Airport was designed as a replacement for the
former Hong Kong International Airport (commonly known as
Kai Tak Airport) originally built in 1925. The old airport was built
in the densely populated Kowloon district and had only a single
runway. The location also restircted any scope of expansion. Kai
Tak was one of the world's busiest airports by 1990's, far
exceeding its annual passenger and cargo capacities. Other
reasons for constructing a new airport included sound pollution
and air traffic delays owing to congestion in the airport and
lack of sufficent parking bays.

Scope and acceptance

The scope covers the construction of a 35 million passenger capacity world

class airport capable of handling next generation aircrafts and ever growing
cargo transport, Lantau Link bridge, North Lantau Expressway, Route 3
highway, Western Harbour crossing under water tunnel and rail networks that
connect the air port to the city that has be completed in a time frame of 7
years.

Project Description\
Deliverables

A new airport capable of handling 35 million passengers a year

in its first phase. The airport would be connected to the
mainland by
a high-speed rail
system
two tunnels
two bridges
a six-lane expressway

Initiation

Synopsis

Client
: Hong Kong
Airport Authority
Collaborating Architect
: Anthony
Ng Architects Ltd. (Ground Transportation Centre only)

Project Management

Structural Engineer
Arup and Partners/Mott Connell
Quantity Surveyor
Partnership
Landscape Architect
Travers Morgan Ltd.
Lighting Engineer
Marantz Renfro Stone

: Ove
: WT
: Urbis
: Fisher

Additional Consultants
: Urbis
Travers Morgan Ltd., Fisher Marantz Renfro Stone, O'BrienKreizberg and Associates Ltd, Wilbur Smith Associates, BAA,
Mott Connell Ltd
45000 men
600 million tons of rocks
750 trucks in operations everyday

Resources

2. PROJECT SCOPE
The scope of this mega engineering project is the construction of a 35 million
passenger capacity airport capable of handling next generation aircrafts and
ever growing cargo transport.
The project aims at creating a new body of land 50 acres in size in between two
islands to create the airport and the systems of road and high speed railway
network that connects the new airport to down town Hong Kong.

2.1

DELIVERABLES
I.
II.

A world class airport

Connection from city to Airport
a. Lantau Link bridge
b. North Lantau Expressway
c. Route 3 highway
d. Western Harbour crossing under water tunnel
e. Superfast rail networks that connect the air port to the city

2.2

BOUNDARIES AND CONSTRAINTS

Land for construction of new Airport needed to be identified as no space was

available in the mainland.
The two islands identified as the potential construction site comprised of hilly
terrains that needed to be converted to flat terrains in order to enable
construction
The bridges built needed to withstand heavy crosswinds and other unforeseen
natural forces
The project on an average should be completed within 7 years time frame as the
lease agreement of the city of Hong Kong between Britain and China ends on
this timeline.

2.3

ASSUMPTIONS AND APPROACH

Standard construction and development process utilized in Chek Lap Kok Airport
Approach
1) Collection of data defining the required specifications of the Airport
2) Identifying the location for construction of the airport.
3) Submission and approval of the construction plans.
4) Estimating the risks and their probabilities of affecting the construction.
4) Estimating the time required for the construction and the time avilable
on hand.
5) Scheduling the activities with respect to the timeframe of 7 years
allocated.
6) Executing these activities as per the plans.
7) Conducting extensive tests on the airport and acquiring the required
safety standards.
8) Handing over the completed airport to the authorities.

3. RISKS (FORESEEN AND UNFORSEEN)

3.1 FORESEEN RISKS

The new airport site had to be connected with mainland with the help
of 22 miles of express highways , tunnels and bridges.
Large man-made island had to be created by connecting small
islands for the airport site.It had to be nailed to the foundation to
save it from ocean tides which could push the terminal off its
foundation.
A set of mountainous terrain, 16 miles from down town was selected.
The mountains had to be removed resulting in 200 million tons of
rocks removal by large earth movers.
Prolonged exposure to air and noise pollution from the project can
cause health problems . These health problems include higher

carcinogenic risk,increasing respiratory and cardiovascular disease

rates, higher possible hearing loss.
The airport was susceptible to Typhoons and tidal winds which
could be up to 200 miles per hour.The construction plan
accounted for this risk, As a result of which the airport had
minimal damages

3.2 UNFORESEEN RISKS

Issues with the database resulted in huge aircraft delays, planes

taking off with wrong luggages. Multiple sub contractors were
responsible for each mishap and technical glitch.The reason being
that the organization chart was complex with multiple responsibility
paths.o t
According to the initial construction plan, two tunnels were supposed
to be built.But the high channel depth and possible
interference from ships during construction made
the engineers to reconsider the plan.The alternate option
suggested to mitigate this risk was to construct a suspension
bridge.
The suspension bridge was also a risky proposal. The bridge
had high chances of being affected by crosswinds. This risk
was mitigated by the creation of a computer model to
simulate the motion of the bridge.The result was used to
modify the bridge to a double decker structure, thus
increasing the weight and capacity of the bridge hence
making it more stable against natural disasters along with
additional advantage of more traffic load.

4. HINDSIGHT VIEWS