PERKEMBANGAN

FASE LANJUT USIA

Khoridatul Bahiyah
email : psikemb.sharing@yahoo.com

What IS Aging and Late Adulthood ?

Aging Definition?
Aging = reduced tissue/physiological
function
Aging = increased susceptibility to
disease (age-related diseases)
Aging = decreased resistance to stress
(physical and psychological)

Late Adulthood Definition?

Age: 65 years of age and up
Ego integrity vs. despair
Condition based on markers of disease,
disability, and functional decline, Hazzard
(2001) defined true old age as above 75
years.

Theories of Social and Emotional

Development bin Late Adulthood
Eriksons psychosocial theory
Eighth or final stage of life is called ego integrity or despair; he believed
people who achieved positive outcomes to an earlier life crisis would be more
likely to obtain ego integrity than despair in late adulthood

Ego integrity versus despair

Basic challenge is to maintain the belief that life is meaningful and
worthwhile in the face of physical decline and the inevitability of death; ego
integrity derives from wisdom, as well as from the acceptance of ones
lifespan as being limited and occurring at a certain point in history;
adjustment in the later years requires wisdom to let go

Robert Butlers Life Review

Butler (2002) suggests reminiscence is a normal
aspect of aging.
People can be extremely complex and nuanced.
They can be incoherent and self-contradictory
Life reviews attempt to make life meaningful, to
help people move on with new relationships as
others in their lives pass on, and to help them
find ego integrity and accept the end of life.

categories of aging

Young-old
65-75
Old-old
75+
Oldest-old
85+
Centenarian
100+
Supercentenarian 110+

Geriatric development

Physical health
Psychologic /mental health
Emotional
Social

Geriatric development

Physical: body growth

Mental: mind development
Emotional: feelings
Social: interactions and relationships
with others

Physical health
bone, joint, and muscle health ( calcium,
vitamin D, exercise )
heart health (physical activity, heart healthy
diet, smoking, manage stress)
Bowel Health (diet high in fiber, limit high-fat
meats, sweets)
Urinary (incontinence , regularly, weight ,
Kegel exercises)

Physical health
Eye and Ear Health (macular degeneration,
cataracts, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma
effect , 43% of those with hearing loss are 65+,
regular check ups, take precautions )
Oral Health(25% of those 60+, wear dentures
,brush and floss, regular check-ups)

Physical health
Healthy Skin (be gentle, use sunscreen,
smoke)
Obesity (75% of those 65+, overweight , 40%
have metabolic syndrome, diet, exercise)
Arthritis (half of elderly, cause of disability,
exercise , weight management
Cancer (increases with age, lung cancer
accounts of more deaths, regular check ups)

Physical health
Cardiovascular Disease (33% for those 45-55,
cause of death,control blood pressure ,low
sodium diet, lifestyle change can reduce risk
80%)

Mental health, emotional, social

Dementia

4.5 million people

Problems with:
Memory
Language
Difficulties with comprehension
Difficulties with reasoning
Poor concentration
Difficulties with time and space knowledge

Mental health, emotional, social

Depression and anxiety
Typical Aging and Memory
Stress
Anxiety
Mental overload
Depression :
Not recognized
Not a normal part of aging
Complicated by co-morbid conditions

Mental health , emotional, social

Suicide
The Golden Years
Retirement
Children moving out
Loss of spouse/friends
Health problems
Personal mortality

Death and Dying

Death is the final stage of growth
Experienced by everyone and
no one escapes
Young people tend to ignore its existence
Usually it is the elderly, who have lost others,
who begin to think about their
own death

Death and Dying

Dr. Kbler-Ross identified 5 stages of grieving
Dying patients and their families/friends

may

experience these stages

Stages may not occur in order
Some patients may not progress through them all,
others may experience several stages at once

Stages of Death and Dying

Denial refuses to believe

Anger when no longer able to deny
Bargaining accepts death, but wants more time
Depression realizes death will come soon
Acceptance understands and accepts the fact
they are going to die