Making Better Map Layouts Slides

Making Better Map Layouts with ArcGIS
Transcript
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Making Better Map

Layouts with ArcGIS
Presenters: Peter Kasianchuk
Dr. Aileen Buckley
ESRI Redlands, California
Good morning, afternoon, or evening, wherever you might be. My name is Peter Kasianchuk and
I am an instructor with the Educational Services group here in Redlands, CA. And as you've
heard, I'm joined today by Dr. Aileen Buckley, who is a cartographic researcher also here in the
ESRI headquarters in Redlands. I too want to welcome you all to today's live training seminar,
Making Better Map Layouts with ArcGIS.
Seminar overview
Topics
Map and layout design
ArcMap techniques
Map output
Format
Each topic includes a software demonstration, review, and
Q & A session.
This seminar will be divided into three topic areas: a review of map and layout design, a
discussion of ArcMap methods to enhance or better control your map layouts, and a short section
at the end which will review map output considerations. Each topic will include a software
demonstration, a topic review, and a question-and-answer session. Well try to get to as many
questions as time allows. If any of you already have a specific question you would like answered,
now would be a great time to enter it into the queue. That way, we can have a number of your
questions answered and ready for the first session.
Map and
layout design
This seminar will focus on map layout, but we do need to review some important map design
concepts first.
Before you turn on your computer, you should take some time with a piece of paper and sketch
out the basic layout of your map.
Affective and substantive design

Affective
What is the look or feel of the map?
Historical, modern, crowded, simple
Map image from the Atlas of Oregon (2nd. Ed.),

Copyright 2001 University of Oregon Press
Two key concepts in cartography and map and layout design are affective and substantive design.
Affective design relates to the map document as a whole. You might consider this the more
artistic set of decisions you make. In the example shown here, the affective design is to create
an historic-looking map of the Columbia River watershed during the mid-nineteenth century.

Affective
What is the look or feel of the map?
Historical, modern, crowded, simple
Substantive
What is shown on the map and for what purpose?
What is the substance of the map or layout?

Substantive design relates to choices you make about what is shown on the mapthe colors you
use, font types, symbology, and the actual content of the information shown on the map. In this
example, font types and border lines are specific substantive design choices used to support the
affective design.
The main point here is to get you thinking about how all your subsequent layout design choices
will support both of these overall concepts.
Map design considerations

What is the map about?
Who is the map for?
How will the map be used?
Are there technical limits?

This seminar assumes that you already know what kind of map or maps youre going to include
in your layout, and that you have spent time thinking about the answers to these questions.
Although they are really more focused on map design, the four points noted here are important
because they are part of creating a good map layout. Some basic examples of these considerations
are: map content may be thematic, reference, or schematic; the map audience may be very general
or specifically technical; the map may be used inside a moving vehicle or on the internet; the
print device you choose may not have the same color range as your computer monitor. Or, as is
the case here and throughout this seminar, maps originally created for print will appear very
different if used on-screen.
Layout design
Balance
Unbalanced layout
Once you have made your map design decisions, you move to the technical aspects of putting
your decisions into practice. This is part of your substantive design. The first set of layout
parameters to define is that which divides and allocates your page space. How you choose to
arrange the various elements of your layout will have a subtle but important influence on the
success or failure of what the map is trying to communicate.
Layout design
Balance
Margins
Unbalanced
Unbalancedlayout
layout
Margins may be part of your technical considerations, as different printers have different pageprint limits.
Layout design
Balance
Margins
White space
Unbalanced layout
In this example, the white space between the three boxes on the right side may suggest that
something is missing.
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Layout design
Balance
Margins
White space
Bounding boxes
Unbalanced layout
Bounding boxes can make a substantial difference in how an object appears on your layout.
Consider the fact that maps often have a white background. Without a bounding box the map
body may appear to float in space. This may be the effect youre after. Note the example here of
the box at the top left corner.
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Layout design
Balance
Margins
White space
Bounding boxes
Alignment
Unbalanced layout
In this example, the unaligned elements are intentionally exaggerated, which helps illustrate the
concept that the layout feels unstable. Remember that your map readers will notice even small
differences.
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Layout design
Balance
Margins
White space
Bounding boxes
Alignment
Balanced layout
Notice how simple changes in alignment improve the layout. The margins are more consistent,
and thus easier to read. The box at the top left is considerably more visible with a bounding
box. And the alignment generally gives the layout more stability.
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Layout design
Balance
Margins
White space
Bounding boxes
Alignment
Figure-ground
Map image from the Atlas of Oregon (2nd. Ed.)

You use the figure-ground relationship both within the map and as part of the map layout. The
figure appears to be above or in front of the background. The ground is the general underlying
plane beneath or behind the figure element or elements.
Within a map layout the figure-ground can be enhanced with techniques like adding drop
shadows around element frames, or the physical draw order of graphic elements.
In this example, the globe in front has both light and shade added to it to enhance its prominence
above the plane of the earth image, which is itself above the background plane of the blackness of
space.
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Layout design
Balance
Margins
White space
Bounding boxes
Alignment
Figure-ground
Visual contrast
Visual contrast is another design consideration that works both within a map and a map layout,
particularly when your layout contains more than one map.
Are symbols visible, legible, and easily differentiated between maps? Can the map reader
understand why youre using one or another?
In this example, the choice of greens and browns to show differences in elevation contrasts with
the bathymetric blues.
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Layout design
Balance
Margins
White space
Bounding boxes
Alignment
Figure-ground
Visual contrast
You can then combine techniques to convey more information. Here, a change in color inside and
outside the Crater Lake National Park boundary creates an enhanced figure-ground effect.
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Layout design
Balance
Margins
White space
Bounding boxes
Alignment
Figure-ground
Visual contrast
Visual hierarchy
Map image courtesy of Indy Hurt

University of Redlands, MS GIS Program
Copyright 2004
ESRI. All rights reserved.
Visual hierarchy in a map layout is the intentional use of characteristics such as component size
and position, bounded areas, or color scheme, which you use to guide the map reader to the layout
elements you feel are most important.
In this example, there is an obvious progression in size between the three maps. Color schemes
and symbology are all the same, and note that a single legend applies to all three maps. The map
author wants you to pay more attention to the information contained within the map at the top.
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Map components
Marginalia, map surrounds, and map elements
Includes:
Titles
Legends
Scale indicators
North arrows
Detail / overview maps
Grids and graticules
Text blocks
Supporting graphics
Well be covering technical details of how to manage some of these components in the second
section of this seminar. However, they are an important aspect of the overall layout design and
need to be planned early in the map creation process. These components should help support the
overall message of the map, but should not be included automatically. For example, not all maps
need a north arrow or scale indicator, but all maps should have a title. Photographs and aerial
photography can pose particular challenges in this regard, as they are often dark and may draw
too much attention away from the main purpose of the map.
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Software
demonstration
This brings us to our first software demonstration where I want to show you a couple of basic
techniques that you can use to help lay out your original map.
Now in this case, we have a fairly straightforward example of a map with a couple of data frames,
some scale indicators, a block of text (which is a little bit lost in here and appears to just be
floating in space), and a graph. Now you can also see that I've intentionally exaggerated the fact
that many of these elements are misaligned. I want to show you a simple thing that you can do
using tools that you might not be familiar with to easily align multiple elements. I'm going to hold
down my SHIFT key on my keyboard and click on all four of these elements. Once I've done that,
I'll right-click and you can see that I've got a number of options here in this context menu. Here,
I'm going to choose to align center. Let's take a look at what that does. You can see now that all
of those elements line up. You recall that this scale bar was a little bit to the left and this scale bar
was a little bit to the right and that these two edges here didn't match. We have now aligned all of
these objects at once. One of the other options that you can use here is to perhaps align to the
margins, in this case aligning to the right. So, that's one technique that you can use to easily
enforce some alignment in your map layout and keep the lines nice and clean.
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Another option that you can use is to add guides. You do this by clicking on the guide marker
here in your ruler space and this blue line with a little arrow will automatically be added. In this
case, it just so turns out that this data frame already lines up but I want the overview map of the
United States to line up to this one as well, so I'm simply going to drag it over and it will snap to
that guide. We'll review this briefly in the upcoming discussion in the second topic.
What I also want to show you is that there is a context menu that you can access by right-clicking
inside the ruler which helps you control your guides. One of the other things that I want to show
you is how easy it is to enhance your figure-ground. As I mentioned before, this text box looks a
little lost; it might be floating in space a little bit. So what I want to do is enhance its figureground by changing the text box properties. The first thing that I want to do is add a little bit of a
border or bounding box, a very thin line, and I would encourage you not to use the default black
color but take advantage of the use of gray scale. I'm also going to round this off just a little bit,
by about 5%, to soften some of the corners. I'll also add a drop shadow to give it a bit of a raised
effect. I'm simply going to use the default settings here and click Apply and you can see that that
default setting for the offset might be a little extreme for this size of map. So dial that down a
little bit, because really what you want to try and do here is be subtle with your effects. I'm also
going to match the rounding and click OK. You can see now that this text has a little bit more of a
presence in the bounding box.
Those are a couple of basic techniques that you can use to enhance your layout by aligning
various elements, by using the alignment context menu, by using grids, and I also showed you an
easy way for you to enhance your figure-ground.
One other technique that I want to show you is a tool that you might not be familiar with but that
has been available with ArcGIS since version 8.3 and that's this button here called the Eye
Dropper. You can add this to your toolbar by going to the Customize menu. Go into the
Commands tab. These are all alphabetical now, so I'll scroll down to the Page Layout category.
Inside of the Page Layout category, you can go to Eye Dropper. There it is right there and I
already clicked and dragged it to my toolbar. What this tool will do is sample the pixel value in
RGB, or red, green, blue values.
So in this case, I'd like to take the yellow fill that's being used here for Montana and actually use
it as a background fill for this data frame. It's a nice yellow, but I'm not sure what the color is or
what its name might be so I simply want to click on it and sample it. You can see that the Eye
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Dropper returns an RGB value here. I'll click OK and I'll show you a couple of things that
happen.
First of all, going to my paint bucket on my Draw toolbar you'll see that that color has been
added. So when I right-click on that data frame, go to Properties, and the fill colorsthat's the
wrong context menu. We'll go to Frame. In the background fill, I need to add a color. You'll see
that that color choice is also available here. So using the Eye Dropper tool is useful for matching
colors between data frames or even between maps. Because what also happens is that this gets
stored as part of your default styles.
I want to show you a little bit about how to manage the Eye Dropper colors from Style Manager.
So I went to my Tools pull-down menu, Style Manager, and when I clicked OK from my Eye
Dropper, that color that I had sampled was automatically added to this color palette here. And as
you can see from earlier demos today, I already added this. I also renamed them. This is a way
that you can start developing your own color palette for any number of uses for your layout
needs. Keep in mind that they're going to be stored inside a default folder here under Documents
and Settings under your personal profile. There's also the extensive list of different styles stored
under the ESRI.style file and here is that default color set that you probably are all used to.
So that's the end of the first software demo, so lets return to our presentation, do a brief topic
review, and then move on to some of your questions.
21
Review and Q & A

Map design considerations
Map layout design
Balance, figure-ground, visual contrast and visual hierarchy
Map components
Photo of
Presenters
We started off discussing affective and substantive design and some of the differences there. And
then a brief review of map design considerations but more detail on map layout design and I hope
the distinction between those two is clear. We talked about balance, the figure-ground
relationships, and how to use visual contrast and visual hierarchy to enhance your layout. We also
briefly reviewed a few map components. Now I'd like to turn it over to Aileen to answer some of
your questions.
Thanks, Peter. We have a question from Libby in Phoenix who wants to know if she can use the
Eye Dropper tool to get the color of an area that's the result of transparencies. For example, a
polygon overlaid on an air photo or an elevation tint overlaid on a hill shade, and yes, it works
exactly the same for the overlay colors and tints.
We also have a question from Brian in Fresno who wants to know if there are plans for ArcGIS to
support multiple layouts in the future. We don't have this capability right now and you won't see
it in 9.2 when it's released but this is certainly something that we're working on for development
in future releases.
22
We have a question from Tess in Washington, D.C. who wants to know, How do I get the look
in the Crater Lake National Park that you had where there was a muted look outside the park
boundary?
To create that effect, we created a polygon that was the area outside of the park and then we set
the polygon fill color to white and the transparency to about 50%. You can also set the
transparency of a single feature in a layer. Say for example we had a polygon coverage or
polygon layer and there was one feature in it that was the national park. For that particular feature
in that layer, you could set the transparency differently from the other features. To do that you
would go to Layer Properties and in the Symbology tab, look for a button that's called Advanced.
If you click on it, you'll see there's an option to pick transparency. When you click on that, you
will find there is an indication to identify a field in your layer that has a transparency value that's
based on percent. So be sure to add that transparency field value to your layer first.
Finally, we have a question from Lance in Apple Valley who wants to know how we got that
faded boundary look that was on the historic map we showed. You can create that effect using
something that is called a coastal vignette, which essentially uses a series of buffered rings and
you set the colors and the transparencies of them to give you that faded-out look for the boundary.
The step-by-step instructions for this are available on our Knowledge Base Web site and there's a
technical article there called What are coastal vignettes and how can I create them? so look for
the information in that article. Okay, Peter?
Thank you, Aileen, and please keep your questions coming.
23
ArcMap
techniques
In this section we will discuss methods you use in ArcMap to support your layout design
decisions. First, well review page property settings, then a couple of data frame properties. Well
look at how to manage layout text and graphics, and last, review the ArcMap Advanced Settings
utility.
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Page properties and techniques

Set grids and guides
One of the first things you should do, perhaps even before you move to layout view in ArcMap, is
set up your page-snapping and alignment environments. These settings are part of the ArcMap
application options, and are stored within the map document or map template as part of the layout
parameters. For example, page units, grid mesh size, and snapping elements are all controlled
through these settings.
25

Once you move to layout view, you use guides and grids to help align your map components.
26

Use them to align and distribute page elements
As you have just seen, you can select multiple elements and align them in various ways. You can
access these through the context menu
27

Use them to align and distribute page elements
Use Graphics toolbar
... or use the Graphics toolbar. The Graphics toolbar is available with the core toolbars in ArcMap
at all licence levels.
28
Data frame properties

Clip the data frame
Data frame properties include many settings you can use to support your layout design. One
example is to clip a data frame. As shown in this example, there may be times when your layout
will need to include oddly shaped extents or areas that are too widely spaced to fit within a single
data frame.
We will show you how to do this in the next software demonstration.
29

Clip the data frame
Add reference grids, measured grids, or graticules
Map reference grids and graticules should be considered early in your layout design process. As
you can see on the bottom left corner of this image, these can present a design challenge,
especially if youre going to include more than one.
30

Clip the data frame
But with intentional design, grids and graticules add more information and functionality to your
layout. In this example, the gray bars on this reference-grid neatline correspond to 100-meter and
200-foot increments.
31

Clip the data frame
Add extent rectangles
You can add extent rectangles within an overview map to clearly define the spatial relationships
between data frames. These are dynamic elements. Should you need to move or reposition the
view extent of either data frame, the extent rectangle will move accordingly.
What this image shows is that although these are called rectangles, they are in fact
georeferenced, and will draw the accurate spatial extent of the data frame. In this case, the
overview map of Europe is projected in Albers Equal Area Conic, while the main map is in a
French National Lambert Conformal Conic projection.
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Layout text and graphics

Not feature labels or annotation
Paragraph text blocks
Use empty areas of the page
Where text or annotation is based on geographic features, you are limited in your text placement
options, and you generally manage these in ArcMap data view. With layout text, however, you
can place single lines of text or paragraph blocks wherever they best fit your design needs, and
take advantage of areas on the layout which dont contain map information. One of the ArcMap
Draw toolbar tools you can use is New Polygon Text, which allows you to draw the outline of
any polygon shape and wrap text within it.
33

Not feature labels or annotation
Paragraph text blocks
Use empty areas of the page
Georeferenced text and graphics

Elements move with changes in extent or scale
Use Focus Data Frame
Suppose you need to nudge your data-frame extent or change the scale slightly, and now all of
your text is misaligned. Has this ever happened to you?
You can add text or graphics to your layout view referenced to one of two coordinate systems: the
data frame map units or the page units. By adding the text when the data frame is in focus, you
can tie the location of the graphic element to map coordinate space. Thus, when you move the
data frame the text will move along with it.
We will show you how this works in the upcoming software demonstration.
34
Modify default settings in ArcMap

Run the ArcMap Advanced Settings utility
Color ramp
Color palette for graphs
Map background color
Marker size
Line width
Rotate annotation and
curve with projection
System paths for styles,
templates, and temp print
output
TOC patch size/shape
Rotate markers
Printer settings
\\Program Files\ArcGIS\Utilities\AdvancedArcMapSettings.exe
Earlier in this section we discussed the page layout grids and snapping elements which apply to
your layout view. Recall that these settings are saved as part of the MXD or MXT properties, and
may not persist into new layouts when you relaunch ArcMap.
You may want to change ArcMap default settings to support your specific map layout needs in a
more permanent way. You can do this easily by using the ArcMap Advanced Settings utility. As
you can see from the list here, you can set a wide range of defaults for ArcMap that will persist
every time you launch the application. This utility is installed as part of the default ArcGIS
product, and is stored in the path as shown on the slide.
35
Software
demonstration
This brings us to our second software demonstration where I want to take a look at treating text
and clipping a data frame. So there's the example that we saw earlier in the slide. One of the first
things that I want to do is georeference the text and I'll show you how you can do that.
Now in this case we'll start with the default behavior. I'll zoom in on the bottom left-hand corner
and I'm going to add some spline text. Nice curve here, let's try this againdouble clickwell,
this is interesting. It's new behavior every timethere we go. I'm going to right-click over that
because I want to make this text look a little more ocean-y and I'll change this to one of the
default lists that we have here of Ocean text where we've got some settings for default font styles
and types and spacing and such. I'm going to click OK and you can see that now I have some
nice Pacific Ocean text out there with the nice curve. But lets say I need to pan or zoom my
map and I need to include some additional information. You see that as I zoom over the Pacific
Ocean [the text] hasn't moved from the page unit that it was put into and now it lies on top of
California, which is not the behavior that we want. I'm going to zoom back to my previous extent
and delete that text. I'm going to make one significant changeclick the Focus Data Frame
button here on my layout toolbar and you'll see now that it has this hatched outline. I'm going to
do the same thing, adding the same spline text, give it that gentle curvethere we go. I won't go
through changing the font elementwell, I should be cartographically consistent, and so I will.
36
But, it's not working in this case, so in that case I'm simply going to pan my map and you can see
that as I zoom and pan that the Pacific Ocean text is now georeferenced and it's staying where
we put it. That was as a result of moving the data frame from just a graphic space into the
focused data frame space. So let's zoom back out to our full extent.
The next thing that I want to do is show you how to treat paragraph blocks using that new
paragraph text tool that we discussed earlier. In this particular case we've got some space in here,
in Nevada, that we can use to embed or add additional text elements, and more information to our
map. I'm going to draw an irregular shape that corresponds to the map boundary between Nevada
and California. I'm going to right-click and open its properties. Now I happen to have a text
document already open so you don't have to watch me do a lot of typing, so I'm going to do a
quick copy and paste. Copy and paste. Maybe it won't be so quick. There we go. Got to move
this off to the side a little bit so that you can see what's going on here and click Apply. You can
see that as I pasted the text in here it now wraps around that original polygon as I drew it. One of
the things that you might take a look at is that on your map, all of these long lines of text might be
difficult for your map readers to read. So one of the things that you can change is the default
number of columns from 1 to 2, and let's see what that looks like. That's not bad. We can start to
play around with this default setting here and I might want to make that gap just a little big larger,
click Apply there. One of the other things that you'll notice is that the justification is full so I've
got some unusual gaps in here, so I'll move back the text and change my justification to left, click
Apply. That looks a little cleaner. I'm also going to zoom in on my map to show you an
additional use of that Eye Dropper tool. This might happen to you where currently the text box
doesn't have a background and the border lines are actually showing through those text elements
which interferes with both the map information and the text information. So one of the things
that I might use my Eye Dropper for is to sample the color, click OK, then move to the properties
of the text box, and change that frame color to a sample that I just had. First you need to add a
color and then I can go to the color palette and use that sample that I got from Eye Dropper.
Click OK. Now I've kind of got a halo effect or what looks like it might be a transparent
background because I matched the color to this solid fill. One of the other things that I should
point out is that I drew a somewhat irregular polygon here which I might need to change at some
point for one reason or another. You can press this button to edit the vertices of that particular
shape. If I was using that tool down there I could now edit this text box by using this. I'm going
to leave this text box right now because the next thing that I want to show you is how to clip the
data frame.
37
So, I'm going to zoom out a little bit. Before clipping the data frame, the first thing that you need
to do (and it's quite important), is to make sure that you are actually working with a focused data
frame. So again, in this case, I only have the one data frame so I don't need to worry about that
too much but you might have layouts with multiple data frames. Now what I want to do is clip
this data frame to a particular graphic. In this case I'm going to start withand this will be a
multistep processa regular rectangle. In this case, a regular rectangle might have the same
appearance of just zooming in. As I mentioned, this is a two-step process because what I want to
do is now clip out this section in here using another graphic shape which I can then draw on top
of the existing graphic shape. That's why I changed the fills so that I could see what I was doing.
I'm going to hold down my SHIFT key and select them both and right-click and hopefully I'll get
a graphic menu here which will allow me to do a subtraction. Go back to making sure that it's
thethere we go. Under Graphic Operations, one of the options that I have here is Subtract.
What it's showing you here is that the graphic object with the green handles is the subordinate
object and the graphic object with the blue handles is the parent object. So I'm going to subtract
that second one from the first one. So now what I've got is my outline of the graphic that I want
to use to clip my data frame. I can then move to the Data Frame Properties, go to the Data Frame
tab, move to the bottom and enable the Clip to Shape functionality. Specify that shape and you'll
see that I have three options here. One is the Outline of Features where I can actually bring in
any number of existing feature class layers to clip my data frame, but the example that I'm
showing you here is the Outline of Selected Graphics. Custom Extent simply allows you to
define a specific rectangle in a coordinate system, but here the Outline of Selected Graphics is
what I want to show you. I'm also going to give this a nice thick border to show you what's going
on, click OK and you can see now that the data frame is clipped to the output. The background I
will need to change so that I don't have a blue fill all over everything. Click OK, no color, and
there's a clipped data frame.
Okay, that's the end of our second demo. Let's do a quick topic review and also give you a
review question.
38
Review question
Locate the Review question link in the upper-left corner of your browser window.
Click this link now.
Please locate the Review question link on the upper left-hand corner of your browser window and
click it now.
39
Review question
Which decisions are part of affective layout design?
A) Page size and layout orientation
B) If the map layout is 'open, crowded, light, or dark
C) What your map is about
D) Font sets, color palettes, and line weights
To submit your answer, click A, B, C, or D then click the

Send button.
And here's our review question. This refers back to basically the first slide. Which decisions are
part of affective layout design? Are they page size and layout orientation? Decisions of whether
the map layout is open, crowded, light, or dark? What is your map about? Or "D," what font sets,
color palettes, or line weights do you want to use? We'll come back to the answers after we get to
some more of your questions.
40
Review and Q & A

ArcMap techniques
Page properties
ArcMap Advanced Settings utility
Photo of
Preseters
So in this section we reviewed some ArcMap techniques that you can use to support your layout
design decisions such as page properties, grids, guides, spacing, etc.; some data frame properties
such as how to clip a data frame, how to treat layout text and graphics so that they are referenced
to your data frame or your page units, and we reviewed something called the ArcMap Advanced
Settings utility. This brings us to some more questions. Aileen?
Thanks a lot, Peter. We have Margo in the Netherlands who wants to know if you can also get
CMYK values when you use the Eye Dropper tool.
Well, there is no way to change the color model that's used to specify the color in the Eye
Dropper tool but as Peter mentioned, those colors are stored in your personal style, so if you open
up your style manager by clicking on Tools on the top bar menu, then Styles, then Style Manager,
when you click on colors and select any of the colors there, you can right-click and see its
properties and here you can change the color model. Up at the top there's a little drop-down
arrow. You could change the default RGB to either CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black),
or HSV, which is hue saturation and value. Once you change that color model, the new values
will appear. Now remember though that the name itself is already specified just as a number for
RGB value.
41
We also have Robert in Spokane Valley who asks, Can you share styles between users?
Yes, you can. A style is displayed in your workspace as just a .style file in the location that you
save it to or in the default locations as is the case with your personal style. To share that with your
colleagues, simply copy it, send it to them, and they can easily reference it from the Style
Manager, so that information is shareable among users.
We also have a question from Brian in Fresno who wants to know, What's the best way to create
a multipage map series?
Right now, the best solution is to create a template from your ArcMap document that sets the
layout and marginalia. Then use the layers to consistently symbolize from different data sources
within the map series.
And I'll end with a question from Grace in Austin who wants to know, How do you add extent
rectangles?
It's really pretty simple. You need to have two data frames (one that's larger than the other so you
can see where the smaller one is within the parent data frame), and then for the parent data frame,
right-click on its name, select its properties, and click on the tab that's called Extent Rectangle.
What you'll see there is a list of all other data frames in your map document. Select the one that
you want to identify with an extent rectangle in the larger data frame, click the arrow-over button,
and then click OK. Now, before you click OK, if you want to change the properties of that frame,
it's real simplejust click on the frame button and change its property. So, Peter?
Thanks, Aileen.
42
Review question results

To view the results, click the Review question link in the upper-left corner of your
browser window.
Which decisions are part of affective layout design?

A) Page size and layout orientation
B) If the layout is open, crowded, light, or dark
C) What your map is about
D) Font sets, color palettes, and line weights
Okay, I'm looking at the answer bar for our review question and the answer that we were actually
looking for for what decisions are a part of affective layout design was "B." You may recall on
the first slide we were looking at what affective design is and gave you some examples such as
historical, modern, and included things that might also be called light or dark. So that's the answer
we were looking for.
The other optionspage size and layout orientation, the substance of your map, what your map is
really about, or font sets, color palettes, and line weightsare really more part of substantive
layout design decisions.
Thanks for ringing in.
43
Map output
Now that you have spent some time creating a professional layout, you want to ensure that your
work looks the same in its final form as it does on your computer monitor.
44
Map output options

Print from ArcMap
Export map to file
Copy to clipboard
Save as template (*.mxt)
ArcMap provides you with three output options for map layouts: print directly from the
application, export the map to an external file format that other applications might use, and copy
the map to the Windows OS clipboard to paste into another Windows-based application.
Another method you should take advantage of is to store the layout as a map template or .mxt file.
45
Map output options

Print from ArcMap
Export map to file
Copy to clipboard
Save as template (*.mxt)
Publisher extension
creates *.pmf
ArcIMS
reads *.mxd
Outside of ArcMap you can use the Publisher extension to create a .pmf file, which is a
compressed version of a map with the option of including the actual map data. Or, you can
publish the ArcMap .mxd file to the internet by using ArcIMS.
46
Output considerations
Printer settings
Paper quality
Custom sizes
ArcMap print driver

ArcPress
Windows
PostScript
Regardless of which output method you choose, you will need to define a set of parameters. Each
output option requires different considerations. Printer settings, for example, are different
between devices and will need to be reset if the map is sent to different computers. ArcPress is
now available with all licence levels of ArcGIS, as is the default Windows print driver; but
PostScript is only available with printers which have the software loaded on them.
47
Printer settings
Paper quality
Custom sizes
ArcMap print driver

ArcPress
Windows
PostScript
Output file formats

Vector
Raster
File format parameters
You can choose to export your layout to any of 11 different file formats. Each has a slightly
different set of output parameters which you should investigate. Also, some file formats have
advantages over others depending on the intended use of your map. For example, SVG is a good
Web-ready file format, while PDF is a good way to save file space and share your map document.
48
Printer settings
Paper quality
Custom sizes
ArcMap print driver

ArcPress
Windows
PostScript
Output file formats

Vector
Raster
File format parameters
Transparency and rasterization on output
An important issue to be aware of is what happens to transparent layers when the layout is sent to
output. Any transparent layers and any others drawn beneath them will be converted to raster.
This means that line features and text may be rasterized on output, resulting in a pixelated
appearance to your map. In addition, this may inflate the size of the output file, especially if the
layout has large areas covered with transparent layers. This may slow down the map export or
printing process. We will show you a setting which you might use to try to alleviate this issue in
the software demonstration, which is next.
49
Software
demonstration
So, that moves us to our last software demonstration, a brief review of some of the dialogs that
you use for output.
Let's first move to the Page and Print Setup. In this case, I want to set up a default generic printer.
The straightforward purpose of this dialog is for you to confirm that the printer settings and the
map are literally on the same page, because until the time that you actually go to print your
layout, your map units and page size can be anything you want them to be in ArcMap. However,
once you select a print device, you need to confirm that your map settings are even possible. For
example, page sizes in your map layout might not be supported on a particular printer. The printer
information is loaded in here, in this Paper section. What we've got are the printer properties
being read in from your Windows Operating System for, in this case, a generic Windows printer.
That's where this Page size library is being read from. It's actually the printer settings that are
available here. Your map settings, on the other hand, until you check this box, could be anything
you want. It turns out that our map document happens to be 8.5 x 11. But, let's say that we wanted
to change the orientation. You actually get a dynamic interfacing here which shows you the
changes going on between your settings. Currently, we have independent behavior between the
paper size on the printer and my map page size. By checking on Use Printer Paper Settings, a
couple of things happen. First of all, you'll notice that I can no longer change the actual page size.
50
It's going to be read in from these paper settings. What you've also got is Show Printer Margins
on Layout. This is an important setting to have. You can move back to layout view and make sure
that your map information isn't somewhere within boundaries that might not be printed. That's a
basic review of the Page and Print Setup. It's really quite a straightforward interface.
The next thing that we want to take a look at is Print. Once you've set up your printer settings,
you now have a couple of choices about what to do with your printer. I want to point out some
differences here on just this area right in here. By default, the printer engine that we've selected is
ArcPress Printer, but I want to show you what's going on with the Windows Printer and the
Properties button. As you can see, the Windows Printer Properties are simply those that we saw
in the earlier dialog being read in directly from the printer. What this means is that your Windows
Operating System is just using the defaults that you've set. On the other hand, should you choose
to use the ArcPress Printer, the properties change. As you can see, you need to select a color
driver. In this case, we don't have a Hewlett-Packard printer. We have an extensive library of
Hewlett-Packard color management options, and you'll need to set this here. You can also select a
default screen resolution. I would caution you against going too high.; this may result in a very
large output file. You've also got the Color Adjustment tab which is really for expert use only. I
should also mention the Output Image Quality section which defines the resampling ratio should
your map layout have any raster informationeither raster data, imagery, or as we've just
mentioned, any transparent layers. This is an important note. You may notice that your file gets
very large when you go to output, even if you don't have any rasters. It might be because you
have transparencies, and it might be possible that you've dialed up your quality imagery
resampling to 1:1, which is really meant for extremely high-end printing. What this is essentially
saying is that every pixel in your raster is going to be included in that output file, and it may
result in something very large. So there's a tradeoff there. You may need to sacrifice a small
amount of quality, which you might not even see on your printer, for a smaller file size.
Those are the only two things that I really wanted to show you here. It's really all about trying to
preserve the layout properties that you spent so much time on in ArcMap.
One of the other output options we were discussing was exporting your map. I want to take a look
at a couple of settings. I've simply expanded the Options key here, and here's the list of file types
that you can use to export to. We're simply going to take a look at the properties of a couple of
the more commonly used onefor example, PDF. How many times have those of you who have
51
exported to PDF had your map opened by some other destination computer and the map doesn't
look right? The symbols don't look right or the font hasn't printed properly. Show of hands? Yes,
I'm sure this has happened to a few of you. What's going on here is that with ArcMap, it may be
drawing on symbol sets or font types that are defaults installed with ArcGIS. When you export
your PDF and send it to another computer that doesn't have ArcGIS, it may not have that font
library available. The setting under the Format tab that you want to pay attention to here is Embed
All Document Fonts. By default, this is off. If you're going to be exporting to PDF, make sure
you check this. What it means is that any of the symbol fonts or text fonts that you might have
used that are specific to ArcGIS will be embedded into the PDF. It won't inflate your file size
very much, but what it will ensure is that anybody who opens the PDF on another machine that
doesn't have ArcGIS will have a map that looks exactly as you intended.
Another file export format that I want to bring your attention to is TIFF, which has a couple of
special choices on it. You can write a World file, or if you're exporting to GeoTIFF, you can
write GeoTIFF Tags. You'll notice that these are grayed out. This is the reason that I point this
out here. This will be enabled if you are exporting your map from data view because the
coordinates are going to be read in from the data view values.
That's really all I wanted to review with this particular software demojust a couple of things on
the output considerations.
52
Review and Q & A

Map output
Map output options
Photo of
Presenters
This is a fairly brief topic. We didn't want to get too far into print and troubleshooting there, but
we wanted to make you aware of a couple of things that you need to consider when youre getting
your layout out of ArcMap.
Aileen, do we have any more questions?
Oh, yes. We have some really good ones here, Peter. We've got Sherry in Salt Lake City who
wants to know about rotating a data frame. She says, I'm making a large-scale map of Honolulu,
and I want the shoreline to be parallel to the bottom of the page instead of the default north is up.
How can I rotate the data frame?
Well, what you want to do is, on the View menu on the top bar, point to Toolbars and click Data
Frame Tools. Here, there is a Rotate Data Frame tool. You can either interactively choose to
rotate the data frame, or you can type in a rotation value. Once you've typed in the rotation value,
you have the option of using the other button on that toolbar to clear the rotation. Rotating the
data frame in this manner doesn't alter the original source data just the way it's displayed in the
data frame. A couple of things I want to add to that is that any of the graphics that you added in a
focused data frame (Peter showed you this earlier where you double-click the data frame and you
53
get that sort of hatched border), anything you added while the data frame was focused, will rotate
with the data frame. If you added graphics or text that was not during a focused data frame, that
won't rotate when you rotate the data frame. One other thing I want to mention about that is, for
any marker symbols or other text, make sure to check out the Advanced ArcMap Settings to
enable an option to rotate them when you rotate the data frame. The default is that they won't
rotate with the rotated data frame.
That brings us to a second question which is from Charles in Fulton who wanted us to remind
him and you where to find the Advanced ArcMap Settings utility. What you need to do is go to
Program Files then ArcGIS then Utilities and you'll find that Advanced ArcMap Settings.
We also have a question from Karen in British Columbia who wants to know if she can use
advanced settings that I was just talking about, to set a default text style.
No, you can't, because there are too many different places where you would have that default text
style coming in. But, you can set default properties for graphic text. To do that, what you need to
do is go to the Draw toolbar and next to Drawing there is a drop-down arrow. Click on that and
the bottom option is Default Symbol Properties. If you click on that, there is an option to set the
symboled defaults for any text symbology you add. This is graphic text. Just click on that symbol,
set the properties to be what you want, and any text you add will now be using that default
setting. While you're in this dialog, take a look around because you can also set default marker,
line, fill, and even callout symbology. You may want to change some other things while you are
in there as well.
We have a question from Brian in Oregon who wants to know if you can use different text effects
in a text block, and the answer is yes. To do that, what you're going to use is something called a
formatting text tag. Once you've added a block of text, in the Text Properties dialog, look down to
the bottom left-hand side and you'll see a little box that says About Formatting Text. If you click
on that, you'll get a whole bunch of information about how to use these formatting text tags.
Here's a simple hintjust copy and paste from that little open dialog window to make your job a
little bit easier when you are formatting your own text.
We also have a question from Jonathan in Boston who wants to know if we support PDF layers,
and right now, we don't; but we are considering this for future development.
54
I'll end with a question from Charlie in Kansas who wants to know about setting the line widths
and the text sizes that then come out funny after exporting. He says, I had 9-point fonts, and now
I have 8.92 or something strange like that. Why is that happening and what do I do?
Instead of exporting at the default 300 dpi, use 360 dpi or any number that is divisible by 72 and
then, when you export, all those values should be okay.
Okay, Peter?
Thank you, Aileen. And thank you for some excellent questions.
55
For more information

Virtual Campus course
Cartographic Design Using ArcGIS 9
Instructor-led training
Cartography with ArcGIS
Books
Designing Better Maps A Guide for GIS User
Cynthia A. Brewer ESRI Press
Making Maps A Visual Guide to Map Design for GIS
John Krygier & Dennis Wood Guildford 2005
Online resources
Basemap Data Model
http://support.esri.com
(Downloads tab > Data Models > Basemap link)
For more information, we have a number of sources including a Virtual Campus course and a
three-day instructor-led course. There are also two books that I highly recommend that were
published earlier this year. Aileen has also mentioned on a couple of occasions the support Web
site, which has a lot of good information on some of the techniques you've seen here in addition
to other cartographic principles.
We hope you enjoyed todays seminar. On behalf of ESRI, Id like to thank you all for attending.
56

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