Form 2 Science

Chapter 5

FORM 2 CHAPTER 5
WATER AND SOLUTION
1. Diagram 1 shows the apparatus used in the electrolysis of water.
Test tube P

Test tube Q

Water + Substance Z
Carbon rod Y

Carbon rod X

Diagram 1
(a) Suggest one example of substance Z.
.
[1 mark]
(b) Which of the two carbon rods function as the negative electrode?

[1 mark]
(c) When the circuit is switched on, some gas is collected in each test tube.
(i) What is the gas collected in test tube P?
..
[1 mark]
(ii) Suggest one way to identify the gas collected in test tube P.

[1 mark]

Form 2 Science
Chapter 5

(iii)

What is the gas collected in test tube Q?

.
[1 mark]

(iv) Suggest a way to identify the gas collected in test tube Q .

[1 mark]
(d) State the expected ratio of the volume of the gas collected in test tube Q to the volume
of the gas collected in test tube P.
. ..
[1 mark]

Form 2 Science
Chapter 5

2. Diagram 2 shows an activity conducted to determine the freezing point and the boiling point
of water.

Diagram 2
(a) Why is salt added to the ice cubes in A?

[1 mark]
(b) What is the function of the glass tube in B?

[1 mark]
(c) State the temperature of water in A when it begins to freeze.

[1 mark]
(d) State the temperature of water in B when it begins to boil.

[1 mark]
(e) What is the change in the state of matter when water
(i) freezes:

(ii) boils:
[2 marks]

Form 2 Science
Chapter 5

(f) What happens to the motion of water molecules when water

(i) freezes:
(ii) boils:.
[2 marks]

Form 2 Science
Chapter 5

3. Diagram 3 shows an experiment to study the effect of humidity on evaporation.

Diagram 3
(a) State the variables in the experiment.
(i) Manipulated variable: ..
(ii) Responding variable: .
(iii) Constant variable:
[3 marks]
(b) What is the function of the anhydrous calcium chloride?

[1 mark]
(c) Name another chemical substance that can be used to replace the anhydrous
calcium chloride.
..
[1 mark]
(d) Why is the beaker containing water placed in the bell jar P?

[1 mark]
(e) What would be observed in bell jar P and bell jar Q after one hour? Why?

[2 marks]

Form 2 Science
Chapter 5

(f) State two other factors that influence the rate of evaporation.
(i) ....
(ii) ..
[2 marks]

Form 2 Science
Chapter 5

4. Diagram 4.1 shows pictures of substances P, Q, R and S.

Table 4.2 shows the pH of the substances P, Q, R and S when tested with universal
indicator
Q

Milk of magnesia

Orange

Toothpaste

Vinegar
Diagram 4.1

Substance

pH

Table 4.2
(a) Based on your observation on Diagram 4.1 and Table 4.2 state one property of
substances P, Q, R and S .
P: ..
Q: ..
R: ..
S: ...
[4 marks]

Form 2 Science
Chapter 5

(b) Classify the substances P, Q, R and S into two groups based on their common
properties.
Write the names of the substances belonging to each group
P, Q, R, and S

Common
property

Names of
substances

[4 marks]

Form 2 Science
Chapter 5

5. Diagram 5.1 shows the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.

Dilute hydrochloric acid

Sodium hydroxide solution +

universal indicator
Diagram 5.1
The results of the activity are recorded in Table 5.2
Change in colour of
universal indicator
pH value

Initial
Purple
9

Final
M
7

Table 5.2
(a)(i) State the colour of M.
.
[1 mark]
(ii) Name the process that causes this change in colour.
.
[1 mark]
(iii) Complete the word equation that shows the reaction.
Hydrochloric acid

Sodium hydroxide

+
[2 marks]

Form 2 Science
Chapter 5

(b) Diagram 5.2 shows several substances with different pH values.

lemon

apple

tomato

10

11

toothpaste

12

13

14

soap

Milk of magnesia

Diagram 5.2

(i) Based on Diagram 5.2, complete the table below by giving one example for each
group of substances.
Acidic

Alkaline

[2 marks]
(ii) What is the pH value of distilled water?
.
[1 mark]
(iii) Why do we use toothpaste to brush our teeth?
.
[1 mark]