2007 Tbe en Pages-403-500

Post-installed rebar connections with Injection
mortar FIS V
5.1
Types ..................................................................................... 404
5.2
Applications ......................................................................... 405
5.3
Features and advantages ................................................. 406
5.4
Installation ........................................................................... 406
5.5
Design ................................................................................... 408
5.6
Design examples ................................................................ 414
5.7
Test results .......................................................................... 415
5.8
Design tables ...................................................................... 416
Status 03/2006
403
Post-installed rebar connections with Injection mortar FIS V

5.1
Types
Injection mortar FIS V 360 S and FIS VS 360 S
Injection mortar FIS V 950 S and FIS VS 950 S
Static mixer FIS S
Description
The scher injection mortar FIS V is a styrene-free hybrid mortar that consists of an organic
binder (vinylester) and a mineral binder (cement).The two components are safely mixed together inside the static mixer FIS S.
Advantages over synthetic mortars
Higher temperature resistance compared to epoxy, polyester and vinylester resins

Improved chemical resistance
Reduced shrinkage
Less sensitive to hole cleaning
Resin is alkaline, providing improved corrosion resistance
Higher and more consistent loadbearing capacity
Advantages over mineral mortars

Shorter curing time
Easy installation due to cartridge form
404
Status 03/2006

5.2
Applications
Extension of cantilevered slabs and refurbishment of slab edges.

Bent reinforcement can be easily installed
using FIS V.
Starter bars for extending concrete walls.
Starter bars for closing openings.
Anchoring of staircase landings.
5
Connection of a cantilevered slab to the edge
of a concrete oor using spliced bars.
Starter bars for concrete columns.
Status 03/2006
405

5.3
Features and advantages
Time and cost savings compared to traditional break-out and making good of concrete elements
Subsequent exible planning resulting in
easy change of use or easy extension of
buildings
Dened performance in accordance with
assessments and approval documents
Design in accordance with EC2 like cast-in
rebars
Resin is alkaline, providing improved corrosion resistance
5.4
Installation
Drilling process
Position of drill hole should be provided by the
design engineer.
Brushing of the drill hole

The drill hole must be brushed out 3 times
using the stainless steel brush from the scher
range.
Blowing-out of the drill hole

The drill hole must be blown-out 3 times from
the bottom of the hole using the compressed
air lance from the scher range (oil free compressed air 6 bar).
For precise drilling parallel to an existing surface a drilling aid is available from the scher
range to ensure deviations 2 %.
5
Injection of the hybrid mortar FIS V
Filling the drill hole from the bottom with FIS V.
Blowing-out of the drill hole

The drill hole must be blown-out 3 times from
the bottom of the hole using the compressed
air lance from the scher range (oil free compressed air 6 bar).
The scher injection aid is attached to the end

of the extension nozzle. Back pressure is created to avoid any air bubbles being present.
Inserting the rebar

With strong pressure and simultanous twisting
action the rebar is inserted into the hole.
After curing the rebar may be loaded.
406
Status 03/2006
For optimum installation scher oers a comprehensive range of equipment.
Injection guns
...guaranteed no-tiredness injection by oering a hand operated gun for small jobs and
a pneumatic gun for professional high volume
use.
System kit
...contains all the important equipment for
correct installation.
The system kit contains a drilling guide, extensions for the steel brush, injection aid, cleaning lance, steel brushes and further useful
equipment. It also contains the installation
instructions and a check list for documentation of the installation process.
The injection aid

...makes it easy to ll the holes without air
bubbles. The aid is attached to the end of the
extension nozzle. Using this enables the back
pressure to be felt easily.
5
The FIS V extension nozzle
...enables the hybrid mortar to be transferred
to the bottom of the drill hole.
The drilling guide

...is part of the system kit. It is an aid to ensure
minimum deviation from the desired position
(see rst gure of the installation instructions).
The brushes
...ensure properly cleaned drill hole walls. The
use of stainless steel brushes guarantees a
perfect removal of the drill dust.
Status 03/2006
The scabbler
...is used to remove the carbonated concrete
surface, in order to expose the aggregates to
provide a good keying surface for transmitting
shear loads.
407

Table 5.1:
Gelling time
Example:
Concrete temperature
A rebar with a diameter of ds = 20 mm

should be installed with an anchorage length
of 850 mm. The required volume of resin is:
VFIS V = k lv = 1.77ml/cm 85 cm
= 150.45 ml
Setting time [min]

FIS V
FIS VS
+ 5 C
+ 10 C
18
+ 15 C
12
+ 20 C
+ 25 C
2.5
+ 40 C *)
2 *)
5.5.
Design
5.5.1 Basics
*) With temperatures above 30 C to 40 C the cartridges have to be cooled

down to 15 C ... 20 C (water bath or cool box).
For the assessment of post-installed rebars

under tension two methods are available:
Table 5.2:
Curing time
Concrete temperature
Design in non-reinforced concrete (anchor

theory)
The loads are transmitted to the concrete
using its tensile strength. Possible modes
of failure are concrete failure, pull-out of the
anchor from the drill hole and steel failure. The
design can be done in accordance with the
CC-Method (see Annex A).
Curing time [min]

FIS V
FIS VS
- 5 C
360
0 C
180
360
+ 5 C
90
180
+ 10 C
80
120
+ 15 C
60
90
+ 20 C
50
60
+ 25 C
40
45
+ 30 C
35
35
+ 40 C
25
25
Design in reinforced concrete

The load is transmitted to the existing reinforcement by compression struts. The design
is done similarly to the design of cast-in rebars.
The following parts of this design guide deal
exclusively with the design in reinforced concrete based on EC2.
Required volume of resin

V FIS V =
d 20 - d 2S l v = k l v
The equations and the construction guidance

are based on the assumption that the transmission of loads, e. g. to the supports, follows
requirements of the reinforced concrete regulations. Possible national regulations have to
be observed.
Where:
VFIS V = mortar volume [ml]
lv
= anchorage length [cm]
d0
= drill diameter [mm]
ds
= rebar diameter [mm]
Extensive test series show that the bonding

behaviour of post-installed rebars using scher
FIS V in concrete with a strength class up to
C30/37 does not dier compared with castin rebars, provided that the installation of the
rebars is done in accordance with the scher
installation instructions.
Table 5.3:
Factor k for calculation of the mortar volume V FIS V
Rebar diameter ds [mm]
Drill diameter d0 [mm]
Factor k for the required volume of resin [ml/cm]
408
8
12
10
14
12
16
14
18
16
20
20
25
25
30
28
35
32
40
0.63
0.75
0.88
1.01
1.13
1.77
2.16
3.46
4.52
Status 03/2006

Generally the design of post-installed rebars
and lap splices can be done in accordance
with EC2. There are some minor deviations
regarding the condition of application, e.g.
minimum anchorage length, behaviour under
re and minimum concrete cover.
Where:
ds
= diameter of the rebar
fyk
= yield strength of the rebar
Design with higher bond strength than those

recommended in the national regulations
is not recommended because a signicant
increase in displacement of the bar has to be
expected.
= partial safety factor of the material
5.5.2 Partial safety factors for actions
The bond strength of cast-in rebars depends

mainly on the surface prole of the bar, the
dimensions of the structural component and
the inclination of the bar during concreting.
NRd, s
= 1.15
5.5.4 Bond strength - required anchorage length
5.5.4.1 Bond conditions
The partial safety factors for actions may be

taken in accordance with EC2:
Table 5.4:
Partial safety factor
Favourable
(reducing of loading)
Unfavourable
(increasing of loading)
Dead loads
1.0
1.35
Variable loads
1.5
= design value of the tensile resistance for steel failure
Good bond conditions exist (EC2, Section

5.2.2.1):
a) When the rebar has an inclination of 45 to
90.
Direction of concreting
5.5.3 Steel values of resistance

The value of resistance of a rebar under tension depends on the material properties (yield
strength, tensile strength) and on the crosssectional area of the bar.
N Rd,s =
d 2s yk
4
s
b) When the rebar has an inclination of 0 to

45 and the thickness of the structural component in the direction of concreting is not
greater than 250 mm.
(5.1)
Table 5.5:
Design value NRd,s of the tensile resistance as a function of the nominal yield strength
Diameter of rebar ds [mm]
10
12
14
16
20
25
28
32
40
437.1
Design value NRd,s of the tensile resistance for steel failure [kN]
fyk [N/mm2]
Status 03/2006
400
17.5
27.3
39.3
53.5
69.9
109.3
170.7
214.2
279.7
420
18.4
28.7
41.3
56.2
73.4
114.7
179.3
224.9
293.7
458.9
460
20.1
31.4
45.2
61.6
80.4
125.7
196.3
246.3
321.7
502.7
500
550
21.9
24.0
34.1
37.6
49.2
54.1
66.9
73.6
87.4
96.2
136.6
150.3
213.4
234.8
267.7
294.5
349.7
384.6
546.4
601.0
409

Poor bond conditions for rebars in the
un-hatched areas.
5.5.4.2 Design resistance of the bond

strength
c) When the thickness of the structural component is greater than 250 mm and the rebar
is located in the lower half of the component.
The load bearing capacity and the displacement behaviour of a post-installed rebar using
FIS V is similar to that of a cast-in rebar up to a
concrete compressive strength of 30 N/mm2,
measured with cylinders.
f bd = 2.25 1 2 fctd
(5.2)
Where:
1
= 1.0 for good bonding conditions

= 0.7 for all other conditions
d) When the thickness of the structural component is greater than 600 mm and the rebar
is located at least 300 mm from the upper
surface of the component
= 1.0 for ds 32 mm
fctd
= (ct fctk,0.05/c)
ct
= influence of long-term performance
= (132 - ds)/100 for ds > 32 mm
= 1.0
fctk, 0.05 = lower limit of characteristic tensile strength of concrete (5% fractile)
c
= safety coecient for the concrete

= 1.5
Good bond conditions for rebars in the

hatched areas.
With post-installed rebars the correct installation (drilling, cleaning, injection, inserting the
rebar) has a strong eect on the load bearing
capacity and the displacement behaviour.
Table 5.6:
Design values of the bond strength
Concrete strength class 1)
1)
2)
3)
C 12/15
C 16/20
C 20/25
C 25/30
Characteristic compressive strength (measured with cylinders) fck
[N/mm2]
12
16
20
25
C 30/37
30
Lower limit of the characteristic concrete tensile strength fctk; 0.05
[N/mm2]
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.8
2.0
Design value of the bond strength (good bond conditions) 2) 3)
[N/mm2]
1.6
2.0
2.3
2.7
3.0
Information on national parameters can be found in Section 2 Basic principles of fixing technology, table 2.2
For ribbed bars with a diameter d s 32 mm
For poor bond conditions the values f bd shall be multiplied by 0.7
410
Status 03/2006

5.5.4.3
5.5.4.4 Anchorages
5.5.4.4.1 Required anchorage length
Basic value of the required

anchorage length
The basic required anchorage length lb,rqd is

needed to anchor the force (As sd) in a bar
assuming constant bond stress. For sd = fyd
the maximum steel capacity can be gained.
Thus steel failure is decisive and a further
increase in anchorage length does not result
in an increase in capacity.
l b, rqd =
ds
4
sd
f bd
(5.3)
Where:
lb, rqd
= basic value of the required anchorage length
ds
sd
= design value of the tensile steel

strength in the bar at the position from where the anchorage is
measured from
fbd
= design value of the bond strength

(see Equation (5.2) and Table
(5.6))
The design value of the anchorage length is

calculated as follows:
lbd = 1 2 3 4 5 lb,rqd lb, min (5.4)

Where:
1
= inuence of the bar shape
= inuence of the concrete cover
= concrete cover
= inuence of the transverse reinforcement (not welded) 1
= inuence of the transverse reinforcement (welded) 1
= inuence of transverse pressure 1
lb, rqd
= basic value of anchorage length
lb, min = minimum anchorage length

Where:
2 3 5 0.7
Table 5.7:
Values of 1, 2, 3, 3, 4 and 5 coecients
Inuence factor
Shape of bars
Type of anchorage
straight
other than straight (see pr EN 1992-1-1: 2003
gure 8.1 (b), (c) and (d))
straight
Concrete cover
Connement by transverse
reinforcement not welded
to main reinforcement
Connement by welded
transverse reinforcement
Connement by transverse
pressure
other than straight (see pr EN 1992-1-1: 2003

gure 8.1 (b), (c) and (d))
all types
all types, position and size as specied in

pr EN 1992-1-1: 2003 gure 8.1 (e)
all types
Reinforcement bar
in tension
1 = 1.0
1 = 0.7 if cd > 3 ds
otherwise 1 = 1.0
(see pr EN 1992-1-1: 2003 gure 8.3 for values of cd)
2 = 1 - 0.15 (cd - ds) / ds
0.7
1.0
2 = 1 - 0.15 (cd - 3 ds) / ds
0.7
1.0
(see pr EN 1992-1-1: 2003 gure 8.3 for values of cd)
3 = 1 - K
0.7
1.0
4 = 0.7
5 = 1 - 0.04 p
0.7
1.0
in compression
1 = 1.0
1 = 1.0
2 = 1.0
2 = 1.0
3 = 1.0
4 = 0.7
-
Legend see next page
Status 03/2006
411

Where:
l0 = 1 2 3 4 5 6 lb,rqd l0, min (5.5)
= (Ast - Ast, min)/As
Ast
= cross-sectional area of the transverse reinforcement along the

design anchorage length lbd
Ast, min = cross-sectional area of the minimum transverse reinforcement

As
= 0.25 As for beams and 0 for slabs

= area of a single anchored bar with
maximum bar diameter
Where:
l0
= required lap length
lb, rqd
= basic value of the required anchorage length (Equation (5.4))
= inuence of the bar shape
= inuence of the concrete cover
= values see pr EN 1992-1-1: 2003

in gure 8.4
= inuence of the transverse reinforcement (not welded) 1
= transverse pressure [MPa] at ultimate limit state along lbd
= inuence of transverse pressure 1
= inuence of the transverse reinforcement (welded) 1
= inuence of the proportion of the

overlapping bars ot the cross-section
Minimum anchorage length

- for rebars in tension
= 1.5, if all bars are overlapping in

cross-section
lb, min > max {0.3 lb, rqd ; 10 ds ; 100 mm}

(5.4 a)
Minimum lap length

- for rebars in compression
l0, min > max {0.3 6 lb, rqd ; 15 ds ; 200 mm}
lb, min > max {0.6 lb, rqd ; 10 ds ; 100 mm}
(5.5 a)
(5.4 b)
Where:
l0, min = minimum lap length
Where:
lb, min = minimum anchorage length
lb, rqd
ds
5.5.4.4.2 Lap length

The spacing of the spliced rebars shall be
s 4 ds. For spacings s > 4 ds the lap length
lo shall be increased by s - 4 ds.
412
= inuence of the proportion of the

overlapping bars ot the cross-section
= 1.5, if all bars are overlapping in
cross-section
lb,rqd
ds
= diameter of rebar
Status 03/2006

Table 5.8:
Percentage of lapped bars relative to
the total cross-section area
6
< 25%
33%
50%
> 50%
1.15
1.4
1.5
Note: Intermediate values may be determined by intepolation.
5.5.5
5.5.5.1
Concrete cover
Minimum concrete cover in
accordance with environmental
conditions
Table 5.9:
Minimum concrete cover according to environmental conditions
Exposure class 1)
Minimum
concrete cover
c in mm 2)
1 Dry environment
15
2a
2b
Humid environment
without frost
20
with frost
25
without frost
40
3 Humid environment with frost and de-icing salts

4a
4b
Seawater environment
40
with frost
40
5a
slightely
25
5b Aggressive chemical environment
moderately
30
5c
high
40
1)
2)
For detailed information see EC2, Tables 4.1 and 4.2

A reduction of 5 mm may be considered for slabs in the exposure classes 2 to 5
5.5.5.2
Minimum concrete cover according to the type of drilling

With post-installed rebars tolerances may
occur depending on the tools used (drilling
guide). These tolerances may be considered
by increasing the minimum concrete cover.
The following table gives values based on
various test series.
of the position of the post-installed rebar. The

table is valid for anchorages perpendicular to
the surface of the concrete exposed to re.
Table 5.24 gives the bond strength as a function of the concrete cover in case of re for
anchorages parallel to the surface of the concrete exposed to re.
5.5.6
5.5.6.1
Transverse reinforcement
Required transverse reeinforcement for anchorages of rebars
(EC 2 section 5.2.3.3)
In beams transverse reinforcement should be

provided:
for anchorages of rebars in tension, if
there is no transverse compression due to
the support reaction (e.g. in case of indirect
supports)
for all anchorages of rebars in compression
The minimum cross-sectional area of the
transverse reinforcement must be 25 % of the
area of one anchored rebar. The reinforcement
should be evenly distributed along the anchorage length.
For rebars in compression, the transverse reinforcement should surround the bars, being
concentrated at the end of the anchorage and
extend beyond it to a distance of at least 4
times the diameter of the anchored rebar.
Table 5.10:
Minimum concrete cover according to the type of drilling
Type of drilling
Hammer
drilling
Pneumatic
hammer drilling
5.5.5.3
without drilling guide
with drilling guide
c = 30 mm + 0.06 lv 2 ds
c = 30 mm + 0.02 lv 2 ds
c = 50 mm + 0.08 lv 2 ds
c = 50 mm + 0.02 lv 2 ds
Load bearing capacity and minimum concrete cover in case of

re
5.5.6.2
Required transverse reinforcement for lap splices of rebars

(EC2, Section 5.2.4.1.2)
With rebar diameters 16 mm the transverse

reinforcement should have a total area of not
less than the area As of one spliced bar.
Table 5.23 gives the design values of resistance of a rebar in case of re as a function
Status 03/2006
413

5.5.7
Design rules
General design rules for post-installed rebars
fck = 20.0 N/mm2

c = 1.50
Rebar
ds
post-installed rebars
l0
= BSt 500 S
fyk = 500 N/mm2

s = 1.15
Load:
Variable load
Q = 3.5 kN/m2
post-installed rebars
c1= concrete cover of
the face of the rebar
concreted in
l0
5.6
Design examples

Q = 1.50
Dead load
G1 = 4.0 kN/m2
Plaster
G2 = 2.0 kN/m2
G = 6.0 kN/m2
Cantilevered slab

G = 1.35
h = 16.0 cm
lv
additional reinforcement
joint surface
lk = 1.50 m
Actions:
Shear load
VSd
= (Q Q + G G) lk
= (3.5 1.5 + 6.0 1.35) 1.50
Conditions:
= 20.03 kN/m
Cantilever
lk = 1.50 m
Note: To transmit shear loads the joint shall be

roughened. This must be proven seperately.
Thickness of the slab

h = 16.0 cm
Bending moment
Concrete cover
c 2.5 cm
MSd
(Q Q + G G ) lk2
2
Eective depth
d = 12.0 cm
(3.5 1.5 + 6.0 1.35) 1.502

2
Concrete strength class

= C 20/25
= 15.02 kNm/m
414
Design per meter with non-dimensional fac-
Status 03/2006

tors in accordance with EC 2.
5.7
Usual reinforced concrete design procedure

gives:
Table 5.11 gives the maximum characteristic

tensile capacity in kN of a rebar with the corresponding anchorage length. The gures are
based on the 5 %-fractile of the bond strength
u,5% found in tests in concrete C 20/25 (fck
= 20 N/mm2) and on the charcteristic tensile
strength NRk,s of the rebar.
NSd
= 131.89 kN/m
Determination of the required anchorage

length in accordance with Table 5.15:
The values correspond to the maximum

capacity (ultimate limit state) of a rebar postinstalled with injection mortar FIS V with large
edge distance and without consideration of
safety factors. It is recommended to design
post-installed rebars in accordance with section 5.5!
Chosen diameter of the rebar

ds
= 10 mm;
as = 15.0 cm
Interpolated from Table 5.15

lbd
cmin
Test results
= 275 mm > lb, min

= 36 mm
Volume = 176 ml
Table 5.11:
Diameter of rebar
Mean ultimate bond strength
for lV = 10 ds
5%-fractile of the bond stength
Design value of the bond strength for
good bond conditions according to EC 2
Status 03/2006
ds
[mm]
[N/mm2] C 20/25
C 30/37
u, 5% [N/mm2] C 20/25
C 30/37
[N/mm2] C 20/25
fbd
C 30/37
u, m
8
8.8
12.4
6.3
8.9
10
8.8
12.4
6.3
8.9
12
8.5
12.1
6.1
8.7
14
8.1
11.5
5.9
8.3
16
7.9
11.3
5.7
8.1
2.3
3.0
20
6.9
9.7
5.0
7.2
25
5.9
8.3
4.2
5.9
28
5.4
7.6
3.8
5.4
32
5.0
7.1
3.6
5.1
415

Table 5.12:
ds
fyk
[mm] [N/mm2]
400
420
8
460
500
550
400
420
460
10
500
550
400
420
12
460
500
550
400
420
14
460
500
550
400
420
16
460
500
550
400
420
20
460
500
550
400
420
25
460
500
550
400
420
28
460
500
550
400
420
32
460
500
550
80
12,7
12,7
12,7
12,7
12,7
100
15,8
15,8
15,8
15,8
15,8
19,8
19,8
19,8
19,8
19,8
120
19,0
19,0
19,0
19,0
19,0
23,8
23,8
23,8
23,8
23,8
27,6
27,6
27,6
27,6
27,6
140
20,1
21,1
22,2
22,2
22,2
27,7
27,7
27,7
27,7
27,7
32,2
32,2
32,2
32,2
32,2
36,3
36,3
36,3
36,3
36,3
Necessary anchorage length for characteristic tensile capacity [kN] of one rebar in concrete C 20/25
based on bond strength u,5% (Test results) anchorage lengths lV [mm]
NRk,s
160 200 220 240 250 280 300 320 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1250 [kN]
20,1
21,1
23,1
23,1
25,1
25,1
25,3 27,6
27,6
31,4
31,4
31,7 33,0
33,0
31,7 36,1
36,1
31,7 39,3
39,3
31,7 39,6 43,2
43,2
36,8 45,2
45,2
36,8 46,0 47,5
47,5
36,8 46,0 50,6
52,0
36,8 46,0 50,6 55,2 56,5
56,5
36,8 46,0 50,6 55,2 57,5 62,2
62,2
41,5 51,9 57,1 61,6
61,6
41,5 51,9 57,1 62,3 64,7
64,7
41,5 51,9 57,1 62,3 64,9 70,8
70,8
41,5 51,9 57,1 62,3 64,9 72,7 77,0
77,0
41,5 51,9 57,1 62,3 64,9 72,7 77,8 83,0 84,7
84,7
45,8 57,3 63,0 68,8 71,6 80,2 80,4
80,4
45,8 57,3 63,0 68,8 71,6 80,2 84,4
84,4
45,8 57,3 63,0 68,8 71,6 80,2 86,0 91,7 92,5
92,5
45,8 57,3 63,0 68,8 71,6 80,2 86,0 91,7 100,5
100,5
45,8 57,3 63,0 68,8 71,6 80,2 86,0 91,7 110,6
110,6
62,8 69,1 75,4 78,5 88,0 94,2 100,5 125,7
125,7
62,8 69,1 75,4 78,5 88,0 94,2 100,5 125,7 131,9
131,9
62,8 69,1 75,4 78,5 88,0 94,2 100,5 125,7 144,5
144,5
62,8 69,1 75,4 78,5 88,0 94,2 100,5 125,7 157,1
157,1
62,8 69,1 75,4 78,5 88,0 94,2 100,5 125,7 157,1 172,8
172,8
82,5 92,4 99,0 105,6 131,9 164,9 196,3
196,3
82,5 92,4 99,0 105,6 131,9 164,9 197,9 206,2
206,2
82,5 92,4 99,0 105,6 131,9 164,9 197,9 225,8
225,8
82,5 92,4 99,0 105,6 131,9 164,9 197,9 230,9 245,4
245,4
82,5 92,4 99,0 105,6 131,9 164,9 197,9 230,9 263,9 270,0
270,0
93,6 100,3 107,0 133,7 167,1 200,6 234,0 246,3
246,3
93,6 100,3 107,0 133,7 167,1 200,6 234,0 258,6
258,6
93,6 100,3 107,0 133,7 167,1 200,6 234,0 267,4 283,2
283,2
93,6 100,3 107,0 133,7 167,1 200,6 234,0 267,4 300,8 307,9
307,9
93,6 100,3 107,0 133,7 167,1 200,6 234,0 267,4 300,8 334,3 338,7
338,7
115,8 144,8 181,0 217,1 253,3 289,5 321,7
321,7
115,8 144,8 181,0 217,1 253,3 289,5 325,7 337,8
337,8
115,8 144,8 181,0 217,1 253,3 289,5 325,7 361,9 370,0
370,0
115,8 144,8 181,0 217,1 253,3 289,5 325,7 361,9 398,1 402,1 402,1
115,8 144,8 181,0 217,1 253,3 289,5 325,7 361,9 398,1 434,3 442,3 442,3
Note:
The values are based on the maximum characteristic tensile capacity of a rebar and on the 5%-fractile of the bond strength found in concrete C 20/25 (see Table: 5.10).
5.8 Design tables

Design tables (tables 5.13 to 5.22) can be
used as follows:
for rebars in tension and (5.4b) for rebars in

compression.
Required anchorage length lbd lb, min
Example:
The minimum anchorage length lb, min of

anchorages in general and of anchorages at
an end support (indirect support) can be calculated in accordance with equation (5.4a)
ds = 10 mm, design action NSd = 15.0 kN,

basic value of the anchorage length lb, rqd =
473 mm, anchorage length lbd = 208 mm
(Table 5.13)
416
Status 03/2006

- Rebar in tension
lb, min = 0.3 lb,rqd = 0.3 473 mm
= 142 mm
< lbd
The transmission of the loads to the supports of the concrete member should be given
special consideration.
lb, min = 100 mm < lbd
Expertly done installation in accordance

with the manufacturers installation instructions with special consideration of exact
drilling, proper cleaning of the drill hole and
injection of resin without air bubbles.
Anchorage length of the rebar lbd = 208 mm.
Yield strength of the steel fyk = 500 N/mm
- Rebar in compression
lb, min = 0.6 lb, rqd = 0.6 473 mm
Compressive strength of the concrete

measured in cylinders fck = 20 N/mm
lb, min = 10 ds = 10 10 mm = 100 mm

< lbd
= 284 mm
> lbd
lb, min = 10 ds = 10 10 mm = 100 mm
< lbd
lb, min = 100 mm < lbd
Anchorage length of the rebar lb, min = 284
mm.
Required lap length l0
The lap length l0 of spliced rebars can be calculated in accordance with section 5.5.4.4.2.
Example:
ds = 16 mm, design action NSd = 50.0 kN
basic value of the anchorage length lb, rqd =
756 mm, anchorage length lbd = 433 mm
(Table 5.13)
- Rebar with 50% lapped bars
l0
= lbd 6 = 433 mm 1.4

= 606 mm
l0, min
Table 5.13 gives the following parameters

depending on the diameter and the load of
the rebar:
Required anchorage length lbd
Minimum concrete cover cmin (compare
section 5.5.5.2, minimum concrete cover
according to the type of drilling) for precise
drilling parallel to an existing surface (deviations 2 %)
Required mortar volume
Tables 5.14 to 5.22 give the following parameters depending on the diameter and the
spacing of the rebars and the load per meter
Required anchorage length lbd
Minimum concrete cover cmin (compare
section 5.5.5.2, minimum concrete cover
according to the type of drilling) for precise
drilling parallel to an existing surface (deviations 2 %)
Required mortar volume per meter
l0, min = 0.3 6 lb, rqd = 0.3 1.4 756

= 317 mm
l0, min = 15 ds = 15 16 mm
= 240 mm
l0, min = 200 mm
Anchorage length of the rebar l0 = 606 mm.
Status 03/2006
417
418
16
18
20
25
30
35
40
12
14
16
20
25
28
32
Installation
VFIS V [ml]
3.6
185
7.1
185
64
320
64
[mm] 320
cmin [mm]
lbd
124
124
VFIS V [ml]
56
56
280
69
50
250
45
40
200
24
34
160
18
cmin [mm]
[mm] 280
69
VFIS V [ml]
lbd
50
cmin [mm]
[mm] 250
45
VFIS V [ml]
lbd
40
cmin [mm]
[mm] 200
24
VFIS V [ml]
lbd
34
cmin [mm]
[mm] 160
18
VFIS V [ml]
lbd
33
33
140
[mm] 140
cmin [mm]
lbd
14
14
VFIS V [ml]
33
33
120
14
33
139
14
34
173
10
cmin [mm]
[mm] 120
10
VFIS V [ml]
lbd
32
cmin [mm]
[mm] 100
VFIS V [ml]
lbd
87
32
[mm]
cmin [mm]
lbd
185
64
320
124
56
280
69
50
250
45
40
200
25
34
173
26
34
198
26
35
231
27
36
277
28
37
346
20
185
64
320
124
56
280
69
50
250
45
40
200
32
35
217
32
35
248
33
36
289
34
37
346
25
185
64
320
124
56
280
69
50
250
47
40
208
38
36
260
39
36
297
39
37
346
40
39
416
30
185
64
320
124
56
280
69
50
250
63
40
277
50
37
346
51
38
396
52
40
462
40
185
64
320
124
56
280
77
50
277
78
40
346
63
39
433
64
40
495
50
185
64
320
131
56
297
92
50
333
94
40
416
75
41
519
77
42
594
60
185
64
320
153
56
346
107
50
388
110
40
485
88
43
606
70
200
64
346
175
56
396
122
50
443
125
42
554
100
44
692
80
225
64
390
197
56
445
138
50
499
141
43
623
90
250
64
433
219
56
495
153
50
554
156
44
692
100
299
64
519
262
56
594
183
50
665
187
47
831
120
Design value of the action NSd [kN] (factored load)
350
64
606
306
56
692
214
50
776
140
399
64
692
349
56
791
244
50
886
160
200
449
64
779
393
56
890
275
50
230
260
499
64
865
437
56
568
56
300
340
574
64
648
64
748
64
848
64
995 1125 1298 1471
502
56
989 1137 1286
305
53
997 1108
180
756
662
567
473
378
349.7 1512
267.7 1323
213.4 1181
136.6 945
87.4
66.9
49.2
34.1
21.9
64
57
54
49
46
44
42
40
38
872
584
325
213
109
85
64
46
31
160
140
125
100
80
70
60
50
50
8.04
6.16
4.91
3.14
2.01
1.54
1.13
0.79
0.50
NRd,s lb,rqd cmin VFIS V as

As
[kN] [mm] [mm] [ml] [mm] [cm]
10.7 14.3 17.9 21.4 28.6 35.7 42.9 50.0 57.1 64.3 71.4 85.7 100.0 114.3 128.6 142.9 164.3 185.7 214.3 242.9 NRd,s lb,rqd cmin VFIS V as
As
Characteristic value of the action NSk [kN] (non-factored load)
[kN] [mm] [mm] [ml] [mm] [cm]
185
64
320
124
56
280
69
50
250
45
40
200
24
34
160
20
33
149
20
34
173
20
35
208
21
36
260
15
ds .... diameter of the rebar, d0 .... drill diameter, NRd,s .... design value of the action for steel failure, lb,rqd .... basic value of the required anchorage length, lbd .... anchorage length, cmin .... minimum concrete cover, VFIS V .... mortar volume,
as .... minimum axial spacing, As .... cross sectional area of the steel
[mm] [mm]
d0
14
10
ds
12
[mm] [mm]
Table 5.13: Conditions of application see section 5.8: Design tables

ds
d0
Installation
Required anchorage length depending on the design value of the action

Concrete C20/25: fck = 20 N/mm2, Steel: fyk = 500 N/mm2
Status 03/2006
Status 03/2006
70
80
32
128
80
32
107
80
32
92
80
32
80
80
32
72
80
32
64
100
32
64
120
33
64
160
34
64
199
34
64
50.0
60
80
32
128
80
32
107
80
32
92
80
32
80
80
32
72
80
32
64
86
32
56
103
33
55
137
33
55
171
34
55
42.9
57.1
80
32
128
80
32
107
80
32
92
80
32
80
82
32
73
91
32
73
114
33
73
137
33
74
182
34
73
228
35
73
80
64.3
80
32
128
80
32
107
80
32
92
82
32
82
93
32
83
103
33
83
128
33
82
154
34
83
205
35
82
-
90
71.4
91
32
146
110
33
147
128
33
147
146
33
146
164
34
146
182
34
146
228
35
146
-
103
33
165
123
33
164
144
33
165
164
34
164
185
34
165
205
35
164
-
117
33
188
140
33
187
164
34
188
187
34
187
210
35
187
234
35
188
-
131
33
210
157
34
210
184
34
211
210
35
210
236
35
210
-
255
145
33
232
174
34
232
203
35
232
232
35
232
-
280
160
34
256
191
34
255
223
35
255
-
305
174
34
279
209
35
279
243
35
278
-
330
188
34
301
226
35
302
-
355
202
35
324
243
35
324
-
380
216
35
346
-
405
231
35
370
-
430
245
35
392
-
78.6 85.7 100.0 114.3 128.6 146.4 164.3 182.1 200.0 217.9 235.7 253.6 271.4 289.3 307.1
Characteristic value of the action NSk [kN/m] (non-factored load)
80
32
128
96
32
128
112
33
128
128
33
128
144
33
128
160
34
128
199
34
128
239
35
128
-
80
32
128
80
32
107
88
32
101
101
33
101
113
33
101
126
33
101
157
34
101
188
34
101
-
80
32
128
80
32
107
80
32
92
91
32
91
103
33
92
114
33
92
143
33
92
171
34
92
228
35
92
-
80
32
128
82
32
110
96
32
110
110
33
110
123
33
110
137
33
110
171
34
110
205
35
110
-
Design value of the action NSd [kN/m] (factored load)

110
120
140
160
180
205
230
100
as .... axial spacing, As .... cross sectional area of the steel, lbd .... required anchorage length, cmin .... minimum concrete cover, VFIS V .... mortar volume

as
Number
As
Installation
30
40
50
[cm]
[n/m] [cm2/m]
80
80
lbd [mm] 80
5
20
10.05 cmin [mm] 32
32
32
128
128
VFIS V [ml/m] 128
lbd [mm] 80
80
80
6
16.7
8.38 cmin [mm] 32
32
32
107
107
VFIS V [ml/m] 107
80
80
lbd [mm] 80
32
32
7
14.3
7.18 cmin [mm] 32
92
92
VFIS V [ml/m] 92
lbd [mm] 80
80
80
32
32
8
12.5
6.28 cmin [mm] 32
80
80
VFIS V [ml/m] 80
80
80
lbd [mm] 80
32
32
9
11.1
5.59 cmin [mm] 32
VFIS V [ml/m] 72
72
72
80
80
lbd [mm] 80
32
32
10
10
5.03 cmin [mm] 32
64
64
VFIS V [ml/m] 64
lbd [mm] 80
80
80
12.5
8
4.02 cmin [mm] 32
32
32
52
52
VFIS V [ml/m] 52
lbd [mm] 80
80
86
32
32
15
6.7
3.35 cmin [mm] 32
VFIS V [ml/m] 43
43
46
lbd [mm] 80
91
114
32
33
20
5
2.51 cmin [mm] 32
VFIS V [ml/m] 32
37
46
114
143
lbd [mm] 86
25
4
2.01 cmin [mm] 32
33
33
37
46
VFIS V [ml/m] 28
[cm]
[n/m] [cm2/m]
21.4 28.6 35.7
as
Number
As
Installation
Required anchorage length depending on the design value of the action per meter for rebars with a diameter of 8 mm
Concrete C20/25, fck = 20 N/mm2, Steel: fyk = 500 N/mm2
419
420
70
100
32
192
100
32
160
100
32
138
100
32
120
100
32
107
100
32
96
122
33
94
146
33
94
194
34
94
243
35
94
50.0
60
100
32
192
100
32
160
100
32
138
100
32
120
100
32
107
100
32
96
104
33
80
125
33
80
167
34
81
208
35
80
42.9
57.1
100
32
192
100
32
160
100
32
138
100
32
120
100
32
107
111
33
107
139
33
107
167
34
107
222
35
107
277
36
107
80
64.3
100
32
192
100
32
160
100
32
138
100
32
120
113
33
121
125
33
120
156
34
120
187
34
120
250
35
120
312
37
120
90
71.4
100
32
192
100
32
160
100
32
138
111
33
134
125
33
134
139
33
134
173
34
133
208
35
134
277
36
133
346
37
133
100
100
32
192
117
33
188
136
33
187
156
34
188
175
34
187
194
34
187
243
35
187
291
36
187
388
38
187
-
111
33
214
133
33
213
156
34
214
178
34
214
200
34
214
222
35
214
277
36
213
333
37
214
443
39
213
-
125
33
240
150
33
240
175
34
240
200
34
240
225
35
240
250
35
240
312
37
240
374
38
240
-
139
33
267
167
34
268
194
34
267
222
35
267
250
35
267
277
36
266
346
37
266
416
39
267
-
156
34
300
187
34
300
218
35
299
250
35
300
281
36
300
312
37
300
390
38
300
468
40
300
-
173
34
333
208
35
333
243
35
334
277
36
333
312
37
333
346
37
333
433
39
333
-
300
208
35
400
250
35
400
291
36
400
333
37
400
374
38
399
416
39
400
-
350
243
35
467
291
36
466
340
37
467
388
38
466
436
39
466
-
400
277
36
532
333
37
533
388
38
533
443
39
532
-
450
312
37
600
374
38
599
436
39
598
-
500
346
37
665
416
39
666
-
550
381
38
732
457
40
732
-
600
416
39
799
-
650
450
39
864
-
85.7 100.0 114.3 128.6 142.9 160.7 178.6 214.3 250.0 285.7 321.4 357.1 392.9 428.6 464.3
100
32
192
100
32
160
117
33
161
133
33
160
150
33
160
167
34
161
208
35
160
250
35
160
333
37
160
416
39
160

120
140
160
180
200
225
250

as
Number
As
Installation
30
40
50
[cm]
[n/m] [cm2/m]
100
100
lbd [mm] 100
5
20
15.71 cmin [mm] 32
32
32
192
192
VFIS V [ml/m] 192
lbd [mm] 100
100
100
6
16.7
13.09 cmin [mm] 32
32
32
160
160
VFIS V [ml/m] 160
100
100
lbd [mm] 100
32
32
7
14.3
11.22 cmin [mm] 32
138
138
VFIS V [ml/m] 138
lbd [mm] 100
100
100
32
32
8
12.5
9.82 cmin [mm] 32
120
120
VFIS V [ml/m] 120
100
100
lbd [mm] 100
32
32
9
11.1
8.73 cmin [mm] 32
VFIS V [ml/m] 107
107
107
100
100
lbd [mm] 100
32
32
10
10
7.85 cmin [mm] 32
96
96
VFIS V [ml/m] 96
lbd [mm] 100
100
100
12.5
8
6.28 cmin [mm] 32
32
32
77
77
VFIS V [ml/m] 77
lbd [mm] 100
100
104
32
33
15
6.7
5.24 cmin [mm] 32
VFIS V [ml/m] 64
64
67
lbd [mm] 100
111
139
33
33
20
5
3.93 cmin [mm] 32
VFIS V [ml/m] 48
54
67
139
173
lbd [mm] 104
25
4
3.14 cmin [mm] 33
33
34
54
67
VFIS V [ml/m] 40
[cm]
[n/m] [cm2/m]
21.4 28.6 35.7
as
Number
As
Installation
Status 03/2006
Status 03/2006
80
120
33
224
120
33
192
120
33
168
120
33
150
120
33
135
120
33
123
120
33
108
139
33
104
185
34
104
231
35
104
57.1
70
120
33
224
120
33
192
120
33
168
120
33
150
120
33
135
120
33
123
120
33
108
122
33
92
162
34
91
202
35
91
50.0
71.4
120
33
224
120
33
192
120
33
168
120
33
150
120
33
135
127
33
130
145
33
130
173
34
130
231
35
130
289
36
130
100
85.7
120
33
224
120
33
192
120
33
168
125
33
156
139
33
156
153
34
156
173
34
156
208
35
156
277
36
156
346
37
156
120
173
34
323
202
35
324
231
35
324
260
36
324
289
36
324
318
37
324
361
38
324
433
39
324
-
208
35
389
243
35
389
277
36
388
312
37
389
346
37
388
381
38
388
433
39
388
519
41
388
-
243
35
454
283
36
453
323
37
453
364
38
453
404
39
453
445
39
454
505
41
453
-
277
36
518
323
37
517
370
38
518
416
39
518
462
40
518
508
41
518
-
450
312
37
583
364
38
583
416
39
583
468
40
583
519
41
582
-
500
346
37
646
404
39
647
462
40
647
519
41
646
-
550
381
38
712
445
39
712
508
41
712
-
600
416
39
777
485
40
776
554
42
776
-
650
450
39
840
525
41
840
-
700
485
40
906
566
42
906
-
750
519
41
969
-
800
554
42
1035
-
100.0 114.3 128.6 142.9 178.6 214.3 250.0 285.7 321.4 357.1 392.9 428.6 464.3 500.0 535.7 571.4
139
33
260
162
34
260
185
34
259
208
35
259
231
35
259
254
36
259
289
36
259
346
37
259
462
40
259
-
120
33
224
130
33
208
148
33
208
167
34
208
185
34
208
203
35
207
231
35
207
277
36
207
370
38
208
462
40
207
120
33
224
120
33
192
130
33
182
146
33
182
162
34
182
178
34
182
202
35
181
243
35
182
323
37
181
404
39
181
125
33
234
146
33
234
167
34
234
187
34
233
208
35
233
229
35
234
260
36
233
312
37
233
416
39
233
519
41
233

160
180
200
250
300
350
400
140

as
Number
As
Installation
40
50
60
[cm]
[n/m] [cm2/m]
120
120
lbd [mm] 120
6
16.7
18.85 cmin [mm] 33
33
33
224
224
VFIS V [ml/m] 224
lbd [mm] 120
120
120
7
14.3
16.16 cmin [mm] 33
33
33
192
192
VFIS V [ml/m] 192
120
120
lbd [mm] 120
33
33
8
12.5
14.14 cmin [mm] 33
168
168
VFIS V [ml/m] 168
lbd [mm] 120
120
120
33
33
9
11.1
12.57 cmin [mm] 33
150
150
VFIS V [ml/m] 150
120
120
lbd [mm] 120
33
33
10
10
11.31 cmin [mm] 33
VFIS V [ml/m] 135
135
135
120
120
lbd [mm] 120
33
33
11
9.1
10.28 cmin [mm] 33
123
123
VFIS V [ml/m] 123
lbd [mm] 120
120
120
12.5
8
9.05 cmin [mm] 33
33
33
108
108
VFIS V [ml/m] 108
lbd [mm] 120
120
120
33
33
15
6.7
7.54 cmin [mm] 33
VFIS V [ml/m] 90
90
90
lbd [mm] 120
120
139
33
33
20
5
5.65 cmin [mm] 33
VFIS V [ml/m] 68
68
78
145
173
lbd [mm] 120
25
4
4.52 cmin [mm] 33
33
34
65
78
VFIS V [ml/m] 54
[cm]
[n/m] [cm2/m]
28.6 35.7 42.9
as
Number
As
Installation
421
422
90
140
33
256
140
33
224
140
33
200
140
33
180
140
33
163
140
33
150
140
33
144
140
33
120
178
34
114
223
35
115
64.3
80
140
33
256
140
33
224
140
33
200
140
33
180
140
33
163
140
33
150
140
33
144
140
33
120
159
34
102
198
34
102
57.1
71.4
140
33
256
140
33
224
140
33
200
140
33
180
140
33
163
140
33
150
140
33
144
149
33
128
198
34
127
248
35
127
100
89.3
140
33
256
140
33
224
140
33
200
140
33
180
140
33
163
149
33
159
155
34
159
186
34
159
248
35
159
309
37
159
125
140
33
256
140
33
224
156
34
222
173
34
222
191
34
223
208
35
222
217
35
223
260
36
222
346
37
222
433
39
222
140
33
256
159
34
255
178
34
254
198
34
254
218
35
254
238
35
254
248
35
254
297
36
254
396
38
254
495
40
254
173
34
317
198
34
317
223
35
318
248
35
318
272
36
317
297
36
317
309
37
317
371
38
317
495
40
317
618
43
317
208
35
381
238
35
381
267
36
380
297
36
381
327
37
381
356
38
380
371
38
380
445
39
380
594
42
381
-
243
35
445
277
36
444
312
37
444
346
37
443
381
38
444
416
39
444
433
39
444
519
41
443
-
277
36
507
317
37
508
356
38
507
396
38
507
435
39
507
475
40
507
495
40
507
594
42
507
-
312
37
571
356
38
570
401
39
571
445
39
570
490
40
571
534
41
570
557
42
571
-

175
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
346
37
633
396
38
634
445
39
633
495
40
634
544
41
634
594
42
634
618
43
633
-
550
381
38
697
435
39
696
490
40
697
544
41
697
599
42
698
653
44
697
-
600
416
39
761
475
40
760
534
41
760
594
42
761
653
44
760
-
650
450
39
823
515
41
824
579
42
824
643
43
824
-
700
485
40
887
554
42
887
623
43
887
-
750
519
41
950
594
42
951
-
800
554
42
1014
633
43
1013
-
950
658
44
1204
-
107.1 125.0 142.9 178.6 214.3 250.0 285.7 321.4 357.1 392.9 428.6 464.3 500.0 535.7 571.4 678.6
140
33
256
140
33
224
140
33
200
149
33
191
164
34
191
178
34
190
186
34
191
223
35
191
297
36
191
371
38
190
150

as
Number
As
Installation
50
60
70
[cm]
[n/m] [cm2/m]
140
140
lbd [mm] 140
7
14.3
21.99 cmin [mm] 33
33
33
256
256
VFIS V [ml/m] 256
lbd [mm] 140
140
140
8
12.5
19.24 cmin [mm] 33
33
33
224
224
VFIS V [ml/m] 224
140
140
lbd [mm] 140
33
33
9
11.1
17.10 cmin [mm] 33
200
200
VFIS V [ml/m] 200
lbd [mm] 140
140
140
33
33
10
10
15.39 cmin [mm] 33
180
180
VFIS V [ml/m] 180
140
140
lbd [mm] 140
33
33
11
9.1
13.99 cmin [mm] 33
VFIS V [ml/m] 163
163
163
140
140
lbd [mm] 140
33
33
12
8.3
12.83 cmin [mm] 33
150
150
VFIS V [ml/m] 150
lbd [mm] 140
140
140
12.5
8
12.32 cmin [mm] 33
33
33
144
144
VFIS V [ml/m] 144
lbd [mm] 140
140
140
33
33
15
6.7
10.26 cmin [mm] 33
VFIS V [ml/m] 120
120
120
lbd [mm] 140
140
140
33
33
20
5
7.70 cmin [mm] 33
VFIS V [ml/m] 90
90
90
149
173
lbd [mm] 140
25
4
6.16 cmin [mm] 33
33
34
77
89
VFIS V [ml/m] 72
[cm]
[n/m] [cm2/m]
35.7 42.9 50.0
as
Number
As
Installation
Status 03/2006
Status 03/2006
160
34
288
160
34
256
160
34
231
172
34
226
187
34
225
195
34
225
234
35
225
281
36
225
312
37
225
390
38
225
173
34
312
195
34
312
217
35
313
238
35
312
260
36
312
271
36
313
325
37
312
390
38
312
433
39
312
541
41
312
160
34
288
160
34
256
173
34
250
191
34
251
208
35
250
217
35
250
260
36
250
312
37
250
346
37
250
433
39
250
208
35
375
234
35
375
260
36
375
286
36
375
312
37
375
325
37
375
390
38
375
468
40
375
519
41
374
649
43
374
243
35
438
273
36
437
303
37
437
334
37
438
364
38
437
379
38
437
455
40
437
545
41
436
606
43
437
-
277
36
499
312
37
500
346
37
499
381
38
499
416
39
500
433
39
499
519
41
499
623
43
499
692
44
499
-
312
37
562
351
38
562
390
38
562
429
39
562
468
40
562
487
40
562
584
42
561
701
45
561
-
346
37
623
390
38
624
433
39
624
476
40
624
519
41
623
541
41
624
649
43
624
-
381
38
686
429
39
687
476
40
686
524
41
686
571
42
686
595
42
686
714
45
686
-
600
416
39
749
468
40
749
519
41
748
571
42
748
623
43
748
649
43
748
-
650
450
39
810
507
41
812
563
42
811
619
43
811
675
44
810
703
45
810
-
700
485
40
873
545
41
872
606
43
873
667
44
874
727
45
873
-
750
519
41
935
584
42
935
649
43
935
714
45
935
-
800
554
42
998
623
43
997
692
44
997
-
850
589
42
1061
662
44
1060
736
45
1060
-
900
623
43
1122
701
45
1122
-
1000
692
44
1246
-
100.0 114.3 128.6 142.9 178.6 214.3 250.0 285.7 321.4 357.1 392.9 428.6 464.3 500.0 535.7 571.4 607.1 642.9 714.3
160
34
288
160
34
256
160
34
231
160
34
210
167
34
201
173
34
200
208
35
200
250
35
200
277
36
200
346
37
200
85.7

250
300
350
400
450
500
550
200
160
34
288
160
34
256
160
34
231
160
34
210
160
34
192
160
34
185
182
34
175
218
35
175
243
35
175
303
37
175
180
160
34
288
160
34
256
160
34
231
160
34
210
160
34
192
160
34
185
160
34
154
187
34
150
208
35
150
260
36
150
160
140
120

as
Number
As
Installation
70
80
100
[cm]
[n/m] [cm2/m]
160
160
lbd [mm] 160
8
12.5
25.13 cmin [mm] 34
34
34
288
288
VFIS V [ml/m] 288
lbd [mm] 160
160
160
9
11.1
22.34 cmin [mm] 34
34
34
256
256
VFIS V [ml/m] 256
160
160
lbd [mm] 160
34
34
10
10
20.11 cmin [mm] 34
231
231
VFIS V [ml/m] 231
lbd [mm] 160
160
160
34
34
11
9.1
18.28 cmin [mm] 34
210
210
VFIS V [ml/m] 210
160
160
lbd [mm] 160
34
34
12
8.3
16.76 cmin [mm] 34
VFIS V [ml/m] 192
192
192
160
160
lbd [mm] 160
34
34
12.5
8
16.08 cmin [mm] 34
185
185
VFIS V [ml/m] 185
lbd [mm] 160
160
160
15
6.7
13.40 cmin [mm] 34
34
34
154
154
VFIS V [ml/m] 154
lbd [mm] 160
160
160
34
34
18
5.6
11.17 cmin [mm] 34
VFIS V [ml/m] 128
128
128
lbd [mm] 160
160
173
34
34
20
5
10.05 cmin [mm] 34
VFIS V [ml/m] 116
116
125
173
217
lbd [mm] 160
25
4
8.04 cmin [mm] 34
34
35
100
125
VFIS V [ml/m] 93
[cm]
[n/m] [cm2/m]
50.0 57.1 71.4
as
Number
As
Installation
423
424

as
Number
As
Installation
120
140
160
180
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
[cm]
[n/m] [cm2/m]
200
200
200
200
200
208
243
277
312
346
381
416
450
485
519
lbd [mm] 200
10
10.00 31.42 cmin [mm] 40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
41
450
450
450
450
450
468
547
624
702
779
858
936 1013 1092 1168
VFIS V [ml/m] 450
lbd [mm] 200
200
200
200
200
200
229
267
305
343
381
419
457
495
533
571
11
9.09
28.56 cmin [mm] 40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
41
42
410
410
410
410
410
469
547
624
702
780
858
935 1013 1091 1168
VFIS V [ml/m] 410
200
200
200
200
208
250
291
333
374
416
457
499
540
582
623
lbd [mm] 200
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
41
42
43
12
8.33
26.18 cmin [mm] 40
375
375
375
375
390
469
546
625
702
780
857
936 1013 1092 1169
VFIS V [ml/m] 375
lbd [mm] 200
200
200
200
200
217
260
303
346
390
433
476
519
563
606
649
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
41
42
43
43
44
12.5
8.00
25.13 cmin [mm] 40
360
360
360
360
391
468
546
623
702
780
857
935 1014 1091 1169
VFIS V [ml/m] 360
200
200
200
200
225
270
315
360
405
450
495
540
585
630
675
lbd [mm] 200
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
41
42
43
44
13
7.69
24.17 cmin [mm] 40
VFIS V [ml/m] 347
347
347
347
347
390
468
546
624
701
779
857
935 1013 1091 1169
200
200
200
200
243
291
340
388
436
485
533
582
630
679
727
lbd [mm] 200
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
41
42
43
44
45
14
7.14
22.44 cmin [mm] 40
322
322
322
322
391
468
547
624
701
780
857
936 1013 1092 1169
VFIS V [ml/m] 322
lbd [mm] 200
200
200
200
208
260
312
364
416
468
519
571
623
675
727
779
15
6.67
20.94 cmin [mm] 40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
300
300
300
312
390
468
546
624
702
779
857
935 1013 1091 1169
VFIS V [ml/m] 300
lbd [mm] 200
200
200
200
222
277
333
388
443
499
554
609
665
720
776
831
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
42
43
44
45
46
47
16
6.25
19.63 cmin [mm] 40
VFIS V [ml/m] 282
282
282
282
313
390
469
546
623
702
780
857
936 1013 1092 1169
lbd [mm] 200
200
222
250
277
346
416
485
554
623
692
762
831
900
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
42
43
44
46
47
48
20
5.00
15.71 cmin [mm] 40
VFIS V [ml/m] 225
225
250
282
312
390
468
546
624
701
779
858
935 1013
243
277
312
346
433
519
606
692
779
865
lbd [mm] 208
25
4.00
12.57 cmin [mm] 40
40
40
40
40
40
41
43
44
46
48
219
250
281
312
390
468
546
623
702
779
VFIS V [ml/m] 188
[cm]
[n/m] [cm2/m]
85.7 100.0 114.3 128.6 142.9 178.6 214.3 250.0 285.7 321.4 357.1 392.9 428.6 464.3 500.0 535.7
as
Number
As
Installation
900
623
43
1402
686
44
1404
748
45
1403
779
48
1403
810
47
1402
872
48
1402
935
49
1403
-
692
44
1557
762
46
1559
831
47
1559
865
1557
900
48
1558
-
1000
762
46
1715
838
47
1715
914
49
1714
-
1100
831
47
1870
914
49
1870
-
1200
900
48
2025
-
1300
571.4 607.1 642.9 714.3 785.7 857.1 928.6
850
589
42
1326
647
43
1324
706
45
1324
736
46
1325
765
46
1325
824
47
1325
883
48
1325
942
49
1325
-
800
554
42
1247
609
43
1246
665
44
1247
692
45
1246
720
45
1247
776
46
1248
831
47
1247
886
48
1246
-
Status 03/2006
Status 03/2006

as
Number
As
Installation
180
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
[cm]
[n/m] [cm2/m]
250
250
250
250
277
312
346
381
416
450
485
519
554
589
623
lbd [mm] 250
13
8
39.27 cmin [mm] 50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
550
550
550
550
610
687
762
839
916
990 1067 1142 1219 1296 1371
VFIS V [ml/m] 550
lbd [mm] 250
250
250
250
262
299
337
374
412
449
486
524
561
598
636
673
14
7.4
36.36 cmin [mm] 50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
510
510
510
534
610
687
762
840
915
990 1068 1143 1219 1296 1371
VFIS V [ml/m] 510
250
250
250
281
322
362
402
442
482
522
562
603
643
683
723
lbd [mm] 250
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
15
6.9
33.85 cmin [mm] 50
475
475
475
533
611
687
763
839
915
990 1066 1144 1220 1296 1372
VFIS V [ml/m] 475
lbd [mm] 250
250
250
258
301
344
387
430
472
515
558
601
644
687
730
773
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
16
6.5
31.67 cmin [mm] 50
444
444
458
535
611
687
763
838
914
990 1067 1143 1219 1296 1372
VFIS V [ml/m] 444
250
250
275
320
366
412
457
503
549
594
640
686
731
777
823
lbd [mm] 250
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
17
6.1
29.75 cmin [mm] 50
VFIS V [ml/m] 417
417
417
459
534
610
687
762
839
915
990 1067 1144 1219 1295 1372
250
250
291
340
388
436
485
533
582
630
679
727
776
824
872
lbd [mm] 250
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
18
5.7
28.05 cmin [mm] 50
393
393
458
535
610
686
763
838
915
990 1067 1143 1220 1295 1371
VFIS V [ml/m] 393
lbd [mm] 250
250
257
308
359
410
461
513
564
615
666
717
769
820
871
922
19
5.4
26.53 cmin [mm] 50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
372
383
458
534
610
686
763
839
915
990 1066 1144 1219 1295 1371
VFIS V [ml/m] 372
lbd [mm] 250
250
270
324
378
432
486
540
594
648
702
756
810
864
918
972
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
20
5.1
25.17 cmin [mm] 50
VFIS V [ml/m] 353
353
381
457
534
610
686
762
838
914
990 1067 1143 1219 1295 1371
lbd [mm] 250
250
305
366
427
488
549
609
670
731
792
853
914
975 1036 1097
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
51
52
22
4.5
22.31 cmin [mm] 50
VFIS V [ml/m] 313
313
382
458
534
610
687
762
838
914
990 1067 1143 1219 1295 1372
277
346
416
485
554
623
692
762
831
900
969 1038 1108 1177
lbd [mm] 250
25
4
19.63 cmin [mm] 50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
51
53
54
305
381
458
534
610
686
762
839
915
990 1066 1142 1219 1295
VFIS V [ml/m] 275
[cm]
[n/m] [cm2/m]
128.6 142.9 178.6 214.3 250.0 285.7 321.4 357.1 392.9 428.6 464.3 500.0 535.7 571.4 607.1 642.9
as
Number
As
Installation
762
50
1677
823
50
1677
883
50
1675
944
50
1675
1005
51
1675
1066
52
1676
1127
53
1676
-
692
50
1523
748
50
1524
803
50
1523
859
50
1525
914
50
1524
969
50
1523
1025
51
1524
1080
52
1524
-
831
50
1829
897
50
1828
964
50
1829
1030
51
1828
1097
52
1829
1163
54
1828
-
1200
900
50
1980
972
50
1980
1044
51
1980
1116
53
1980
-
1300
969
50
2132
1047
51
2133
1124
53
2132
-
1400
1038
51
2284
1122
53
2286
-
1500
1177
54
2590
-
1700
714.3 785.7 857.1 928.6 1000.0 1071.4 1214.3
1100
1000
425
426
381
56
1201
408
56
1200
435
56
1199
463
56
1202
490
56
1201
517
56
1200
544
56
1200
571
56
1200
599
56
1201
680
56
1200
346
56
1090
371
56
1091
396
56
1092
421
56
1093
445
56
1091
470
56
1091
495
56
1092
519
56
1090
544
56
1091
618
56
1091
416
56
1311
445
56
1309
475
56
1310
505
56
1311
534
56
1309
564
56
1310
594
56
1310
623
56
1309
653
56
1309
742
56
1309
450
56
1418
482
56
1418
515
56
1420
547
56
1419
579
56
1419
611
56
1419
643
56
1418
675
56
1418
707
56
1418
804
56
1419
485
56
1528
519
56
1526
554
56
1527
589
56
1528
623
56
1527
658
56
1528
692
56
1526
727
56
1527
762
56
1528
865
56
1526
519
56
1635
557
56
1638
594
56
1638
631
56
1637
668
56
1637
705
56
1637
742
56
1637
779
56
1636
816
56
1636
927
56
1636
554
56
1746
594
56
1747
633
56
1745
673
56
1746
712
56
1745
752
56
1746
791
56
1745
831
56
1746
870
56
1744
989
56
1745
623
56
1963
668
56
1964
712
56
1963
757
56
1964
801
56
1963
846
56
1964
890
56
1963
935
56
1964
979
56
1963
1113
56
1964
692
56
2180
742
56
2182
791
56
2181
841
56
2182
890
56
2181
940
56
2182
989
56
2181
1038
56
2180
1088
56
2181
1236
56
2181

600
650
700
750
800
900 1000
762
56
2401
816
56
2400
870
56
2398
925
56
2400
979
56
2399
1034
56
2400
1088
56
2400
1142
56
2399
1197
56
2400
-
1100
831
56
2618
890
56
2617
949
56
2616
1009
56
2618
1068
56
2617
1127
56
2616
1187
56
2618
1246
56
2617
1305
57
2616
-
1200
900
56
2835
964
56
2835
1029
56
2837
1093
56
2836
1157
56
2835
1221
56
2835
1286
56
2836
-
1300
969
56
3053
1038
56
3052
1108
56
3054
1177
56
3054
1246
56
3053
1315
57
3053
-
1400
1038
56
3270
1113
56
3273
1187
56
3272
1261
56
3272
-
1500
1108
56
3491
1187
56
3490
1266
56
3490
-
1600
1177
56
3708
1261
56
3708
-
1700
1315
57
4143
-
1900
357.1 392.9 428.6 464.3 500.0 535.7 571.4 642.9 714.3 785.7 857.1 928.6 1000.0 1071.4 1142.9 1214.3 1357.1
550
500
as .... axial spacing, As .... cross sectional area of the steel, lbd.... required anchorage length, cmin .... minimum concrete cover, VFIS V .... mortar volume

as
Number
As
Installation
230
250
300
350
400
450
[cm]
[n/m] [cm2/m]
280
280
280
280
312
lbd [mm] 280
14
7.1
43.98 cmin [mm] 56
56
56
56
56
56
882
882
882
882
983
VFIS V [ml/m] 882
lbd [mm] 280
280
280
280
297
334
15
6.7
41.05 cmin [mm] 56
56
56
56
56
56
824
824
824
874
982
VFIS V [ml/m] 824
280
280
280
317
356
lbd [mm] 280
56
56
56
56
56
16
6.3
38.48 cmin [mm] 56
772
772
772
874
982
VFIS V [ml/m] 772
lbd [mm] 280
280
280
295
337
379
56
56
56
56
56
17
5.9
36.22 cmin [mm] 56
727
727
766
875
984
VFIS V [ml/m] 727
280
280
312
356
401
lbd [mm] 280
56
56
56
56
56
18
5.6
34.21 cmin [mm] 56
VFIS V [ml/m] 686
686
686
765
873
983
280
282
329
376
423
lbd [mm] 280
56
56
56
56
56
19
5.3
32.41 cmin [mm] 56
650
655
764
873
982
VFIS V [ml/m] 650
lbd [mm] 280
280
297
346
396
445
20
5
30.79 cmin [mm] 56
56
56
56
56
56
618
655
763
874
982
VFIS V [ml/m] 618
lbd [mm] 280
280
312
364
416
468
56
56
56
56
56
21
4.8
29.32 cmin [mm] 56
VFIS V [ml/m] 588
588
656
765
874
983
lbd [mm] 280
280
327
381
435
490
56
56
56
56
56
22
4.5
27.99 cmin [mm] 56
VFIS V [ml/m] 562
562
656
764
872
983
309
371
433
495
557
lbd [mm] 285
25
4
24.63 cmin [mm] 56
56
56
56
56
56
546
655
764
874
983
VFIS V [ml/m] 503
[cm]
[n/m] [cm2/m]
164.3 178.6 214.3 250.0 285.7 321.4
as
Number
As
Installation
Status 03/2006
Status 03/2006
346
64
1246
368
64
1247
390
64
1248
411
64
1246
433
64
1248
455
64
1248
476
64
1247
498
64
1248
519
64
1246
541
64
1247
320
64
1152
331
64
1122
351
64
1124
370
64
1122
390
64
1124
409
64
1122
429
64
1124
448
64
1122
468
64
1124
487
64
1123
381
64
1372
405
64
1373
429
64
1373
452
64
1371
476
64
1371
500
64
1372
524
64
1372
548
64
1373
571
64
1371
595
64
1371
550
416
64
1498
442
64
1498
468
64
1498
494
64
1498
519
64
1495
545
64
1495
571
64
1495
597
64
1496
623
64
1496
649
64
1496
600
554
64
1995
589
64
1996
623
64
1994
658
64
1995
692
64
1993
727
64
1995
762
64
1996
796
64
1994
831
64
1995
865
64
1993
623
64
2243
662
64
2244
701
64
2244
740
64
2244
779
64
2244
818
64
2244
857
64
2244
896
64
2244
935
64
2244
974
64
2245
692
64
2492
736
64
2494
779
64
2493
822
64
2492
865
64
2492
909
64
2494
952
64
2493
995
64
2492
1038
64
2492
1082
64
2493
762
64
2744
809
64
2742
857
64
2743
904
64
2741
952
64
2742
1000
64
2743
1047
64
2742
1095
64
2743
1142
64
2741
1190
64
2742
831
64
2992
883
64
2992
935
64
2992
987
64
2993
1038
64
2990
1090
64
2990
1142
64
2990
1194
64
2991
1246
64
2991
1298
64
2991
485
64
1746
515
64
1745
545
64
1744
576
64
1747
606
64
1746
636
64
1745
667
64
1747
697
64
1746
727
64
1745
757
64
1745
450
64
1620
478
64
1620
507
64
1623
535
64
1622
563
64
1622
591
64
1622
619
64
1621
647
64
1621
675
64
1620
703
64
1620
519
64
1869
552
64
1871
584
64
1869
617
64
1871
649
64
1870
682
64
1871
714
64
1870
747
64
1871
779
64
1870
811
64
1869

700
750
800
900 1000 1100 1200
650
900
64
3240
956
64
3240
1013
64
3242
1069
64
3241
1125
64
3240
1181
64
3240
1237
64
3239
1294
64
3241
1350
64
3240
1406
64
3240
1300
969
64
3489
1030
64
3490
1090
64
3488
1151
64
3490
1211
64
3488
1272
64
3489
1333
64
3491
1393
64
3489
1454
64
3490
-
1400
1038
64
3737
1103
64
3738
1168
64
3738
1233
64
3738
1298
64
3739
1363
64
3739
1428
64
3739
1493
64
3739
-
1500
1108
64
3989
1177
64
3988
1246
64
3988
1315
64
3987
1384
64
3986
1454
64
3989
-
1600
1177
64
4238
1250
64
4236
1324
64
4237
1397
64
4236
1471
64
4237
-
1700
1246
64
4486
1324
64
4487
1402
64
4487
1480
64
4487
-
1800
1315
64
4734
1397
64
4734
1480
64
4736
-
1900
1454
64
5235
-
2100
321.4 357.1 392.9 428.6 464.3 500.0 535.7 571.4 642.9 714.3 785.7 857.1 928.6 1000.0 1071.4 1142.9 1214.3 1285.7 1357.1 1500.0
500
450

as
Number
As
Installation
300
350
400
[cm]
[n/m] [cm2/m]
320
320
lbd [mm] 320
16
6.3
50.27 cmin [mm] 64
64
64
VFIS V [ml/m] 1152 1152 1152
lbd [mm] 320
320
320
17
5.9
47.31 cmin [mm] 64
64
64
VFIS V [ml/m] 1085 1085 1085
320
320
lbd [mm] 320
64
64
18
5.6
44.68 cmin [mm] 64
VFIS V [ml/m] 1024 1024 1024
lbd [mm] 320
320
329
64
64
19
5.3
42.33 cmin [mm] 64
971
998
VFIS V [ml/m] 971
320
346
lbd [mm] 320
64
64
20
5
40.21 cmin [mm] 64
VFIS V [ml/m] 922
922
997
320
364
lbd [mm] 320
64
64
21
4.8
38.30 cmin [mm] 64
878
999
VFIS V [ml/m] 878
lbd [mm] 320
334
381
22
4.5
36.56 cmin [mm] 64
64
64
875
998
VFIS V [ml/m] 838
lbd [mm] 320
349
398
64
64
23
4.3
34.97 cmin [mm] 64
VFIS V [ml/m] 802
875
997
lbd [mm] 320
364
416
64
64
24
4.2
33.51 cmin [mm] 64
VFIS V [ml/m] 768
874
999
379
433
lbd [mm] 325
25
4
32.17 cmin [mm] 64
64
64
874
998
VFIS V [ml/m] 749
[cm]
[n/m] [cm2/m]
214.3 250.0 285.7
as
Number
As
Installation
427
428
Design value of resistance in the case of re

NRd,s,T [kN]
Fire resistance classication
F 30 F 60 F 90 F120 F180
4.7
2.0
0.8
0.4
-

NRd,s,T [kN]
F 30 F 60 F 90 F120 F180
33.3 19.7 10.7
7.8
3.6
210 59.4 48.9 39.4 32.7 14.3

230 66.9 57.2 47.8 41.0 18.8
14
18
68,9
260
66.9 59.4 53.5 31.1
280
66.9 59.4 39.3
300
66.9 43.5
350
66.9
160 47.5 32.1 21.3 14.0
7.2
240 77.6 70.1 59.3 51.7 25.9
250 87.4 74.9 64.1 56.4 30.6
16
20
87,4
280
87.4 77.6 70.6 44.8
300
87.4 77.6 54.4
320
87.4 63.9
370
87.4
200 82.8 63.6 50.1 40.2 17.8
240 106.4 86.9 74.3 64.8 32.7
280 136.6 111.5 98.8 89.1 57.2
20
25
136,6
310
136.6 114.9 106.0 74.3
350
136.6 129.3 97.6
360
136.6 104.0
420
136.6
F 30 F 60 F 90 F120 F180
[mm] [N/mm2]
[kN]
[mm]
ds
d0 max NRd,s,T lV Design value of resistance in the case of re
NRd,s,T [kN]
ds
d0 max NRd,s,T lV
[mm] [mm]
[kN]
[mm]
140
ds .... diameter of the rebar, d0 .... drill diameter, NRd,s,T .... Design value of resistance in the case of re, lV .... required anchorage length
120 14.3
6.8
3.8
2.6
0.9
160 21.9 16.1 10.7
7.0
3.6
8
12
21.9
190
21.9 17.8 14.0
6.3
210
21.9 18.8
8.6
230
21.9 11.5
280
21.9
100 11.9
4.9
2.6
1.5
0.3
150 26.7 17.1 10.4
6.9
3.5
180 34.1 26.1 19.3 14.4
6.6
10
14
34.1
210
34.1 27.8 23.4 10.3
240
34.1 32.3 16.9
250
34.1 19.4
310
34.1
120 21.5 10.1
5.5
3.9
1.4
180 42.8
3.2
23.1 17.4
8.0
200 49.2 38.3 30.2 24.4 10.8
12
16
49,2
240
49.2 44.4 38.7 19.4
260
49.2 45.9 26.6
270
40.2 30.1
330
49.2
F 30 F 60 F 90 F120 F180
[kN]
[mm]
[mm] [N/mm2]
ds
d0 max NRd,s,T lV Design value of resistance in the case of re
NRd,s,T [kN]
ds
d0 max NRd,s,T lV
[mm] [mm]
[kN]
[mm]
80
Table 5.23:
Rebar connection perpendicular to the surface exposed to re
300
350
25
30
213.4
380
410
420
480
280
340
390
28
3.5
267.7
420
440
460
510
280
340
390
32
40
267.7
420
440
460
510
[mm] [N/mm2]
[kN]
[mm]
ds
d0 max NRd,s,T lV
154.0 137.2 125.3 84.9

191.2 174.3 162.3 122.0
213.4 196.6 184.5 144.3
213.4 206.8 166.6
213.4 174.0
213.4
155.9 137.0 123.7 78.4
205.7 187.0 173.5 128.4
247.3 228.4 215.1 170.0
267.7 253.4 240.0 194.8
267.7 256.6 211.5
267.7 228.2
267.7
155.9 137.0 123.7 78.4
205.7 187.0 173.5 128.4
247.3 228.4 215.1 170.0
267.7 253.4 240.0 194.8
267.7 256.6 211.5
267.7 228.5
267.7
F 60 F 90 F120 F180
NRd,s,T [kN]
178.2
213.4
183.1
232.9
267.7
183.1
232.9
267.7
F 30

ds
d0 max NRd,s,T lV
NRd,s,T [kN]
[mm] [mm]
[kN]
[mm]
F 30 F 60 F 90 F120 F180
250 141.1 116.9 100.0 88.2 47.8
lv
Status 03/2006
Status 03/2006
[N/mm2]
max fbd,T
3.0
max fbd,T
[N/mm2]
2.3
0.5
2.6
0.9
3.0
1.4
1.6
0.5
1.9
0.7
2.3
0.9
0.4
2.6
1.2
0.7
3.0
1.6
0.9
1.9
1.1
2.3
1.4
0.3
2.4
1.8
0.4
2.7
2.0
0.7
3.0
2.3
0.8
2.6
0.9
3.0
1.2
1.6
1.9
2.2
2.3
2.6
2.8
3.0
F 30 F 60 F 90 F120 F180
Fire resistance classication [mm]
Bond strength in the case of re
fbd,T [N/mm2]

fbd,T [N/mm2]
Fire resistance classication [mm]
F 30 F 60 F 90 F120 F180
1.9
0.3
-
c .... concrete cover of the post-installed rebar

fbd,T .... bond strength in the case of re
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
[mm]
c
c
[mm]
30
Table 5.24:
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
[mm]
c
c
[mm]
30
NRd,s,T
(lv -c1)
ds
fbd,T
ls
ls
80 ds

Anchorage length
Diameter of the rebar
Lap length of the splice
(lv - c1)
with:
(lv - c1) ds p fbd,T
NRd,s,T
Required proof:
Rebar connection parallel to the surface exposed to re
Bond strength depending on the concrete cover in the case of re
lv
c1
429
Notes
430
Status 03/2006
Fire Safety in the Fixing Technology

6.1
Introduction ......................................................................... 432
6.2
Why there will always be res ........................................ 432
6.3
Prevention through structural and operational

re protection ..................................................................... 433
6.4
Fire safety measures in the building regulations ........ 433
6.5
Fire behavior of building materials and structural

members and their designation ...................................... 435
6.6
Fire development and temperature/time curves ........ 436
6.7
Fire Test ................................................................................ 439
6.8
Fire behavior of fasteners and anchors: the current

state of technology ............................................................ 442
6.9
Anchor applications (examples) ..................................... 444
6.10 Overview of certied fasteners and anchors .............. 445

6.11 References ........................................................................... 450
Status 03/2006
431

6.1
Introduction
Fasteners and anchors play an important role

not only with regard to connection of building elements, but also where durability and
maintaining capacity and safety is concerned.
Often the stability of structural components in
a re will depend on the fastening element.
The stability of structural components is
essential for insuring that escape is possible
and that escape routes remain intact. For this
reason scher has been working for years
in collaboration with research institutes and
material testing institutes in the area of passive re protection.
Through their intensive involvement in this
area, scher contributes to the development
of fastening technology for anchors exposed
to extreme re conditions.
In addition, we see it as an important contribution to safety, when those responsible for
design and specication of building projects
avail themselves of our experience. By choosing todays best solutions for preventive re
protection it helps to limit damage and save
lives.
Figure 6.1:
Restaurant re in Hamburg 1997 [1]
Building: Mainly wood construction, single-oor, timber pile
foundation
Cause of re: Technical defect in the electrical installation, probably a result of material fatigue
Building damage: Total destruction down to the pile foundation
and grating of timbers
Cost of damage: app. 0.5 million EUR
432
6.2
Why there will always be res
In spite of the most stringent re prevention

measures, the possible outbreak of re can
never be excluded when the following conditions preside at the same time:
Flammable material
Oxygen or an oxidizing agent
Suciently high temperature, or a source
of ignition
Fires can occur at any stage in the life of a
building. Examples are:
New construction - through welding and
work involving open ames.
Normal operation - through handling ammable materials, short circuits in defective
electric cables, cable res through overloaded
electrical circuits, incorrect handling of machines and household devices.
Maintenance and demolition - sources
of re can arise when working with grinders
which produce red hot particles, or the dripping of burning material.
Figure 6.2:
Tunnel re test 2001 in a Brenner Motorway tunnel in cooperation with the Autostrada del Brennero S.P.A. Institute for Constructive Civil Engineering, Santa Automation Instruments and scher
xing systems [2]
Status 03/2006

6.3
Prevention through structural and

operational re protection
The rst objective of re protection is to prevent res. If, in spite of this a re occurs, then
the second objective is to minimize the consequences. Fastening elements can make
essential contributions towards the realization
of both objectives. In Germany the State Building Ordinances (Landesbauordnung LBO),
the Employers Liability Association Directives
and Regulations (Berufsgenossenschaftliches
Vorschriften- und Regelwerk BGVR), as well
as the Association of Insurers VdS (Verband
der Sachversicherer VdS), specify measures
for structural and operational re prevention.
In the U. S. but also in many countries in Asia
requirements of Factory Mutual (FM), an international group of insurance companies in the
U. S., must be observed. The regulations of
VdS and FM are required particulary for the
design and installation of sprinkler systems.
Anchors with VdS- or FM-Certicate are listed
in section 6.10. Several directives of particular
importance are listed below:
Preventative structural re protection includes the following:
Sectioning of the building into dierent

re protection areas through the installation of
re resistant dividing walls (F 90), or re walls
and partitions.
Installation of smoke extraction, thermal
extraction and air supply units.
Provisions of safe escape and rescue
routes as well as fume extraction systems.
Design and maintenance of access routes
so that re engines can get to the target area
at any time without obstruction, and that parking areas are insured for re ghting equipment.
Lightning protection.
Operational re safety includes the following
measures and facilities:
Fire alarm systems (smoke, thermal, and
ame alarms, manual alarms).
Gas warning sensors.
Fire department key boxes, key depots.
Permanent re extinguishing installations,
such as sprinkler systems, wall hydrants, re
department feed points and re extinguishers.
Compliance with re regulations. (e.g. the

layout and structure of the property, use of
heating and electrical systems and storage of
ammable or explosive materials).
Fire safety coordination, emergency plans.
Use of re rated and re retardant materials.
Regular maintenance of re resistant shutters (doors, gates).
Measures to maintain the structural

stability of the main structural components
during the re, to enable escape and rescue
of people. This can be achieved by selecting
building members with a suitable re rating,
which should be specied according to the
intended use of the building and in accordance with the building regulations.
Signage for re extinguishers and re exits.

Adaption of furnishing for re-loads.
6.4
Fire safety measures in the building regulations
Within the framework of urban planning and

building laws the state creates the prerequisites to insure public safety and to prevent risk
through re hazard.
Suitable design of structural units such

as walls, ceilings, stairs, elevator shafts and
services.
Status 03/2006
433

6.4.1 Building Ordinance in Germany
The Building Ordinance (MBO) is the basis
for many building code regulations including
those relative to re safety measures. The
State Building Ordinances (LBO) of the individual states supplement the MBO. (Fig. 6.3).
Supplemental to the State Building Ordinances there are other laws or directives that
regulate additional measures for special types
of buildings:
Paragraph 17 of the MBO states the following:
Construction Ordinance relating to places

of public assembly
Structural facilities are to be arranged and

equipped, such that the development and
spreading of re is prevented, in the interest of
avoiding hazards to life and health of people
and animals, and that in case of re, eective
extinguishing work and the rescue of people
and animals are possible.
Retail Construction Ordinance
The required tests are specied in the re

safety standard DIN 4102. It regulates the
classication of building materials, structural
components and special components into
dierent re ratings.
6.4.2 State Building Ordinances in Germany
6.4.3 Application related rules and regulations
The specications of the Building Ordinance

(MBO) have been transformed into applicable
law. The details dier from state to state.
Figure 6.3:
Requirements that must be fullled by building members with
regard to eective re safety /3/
School Construction Guidelines

Garage Construction Ordinance
Restaurant Construction Ordinance
Hospital Construction Ordinance
High rised buildings Construction Ordinance
Industrial building Guidelines
6.4.4 Fire safety measures in international urban planning and building
law
Because no generally applicable international
guidelines are available, in each individual
case, design and execution of re safety
measures are to be oriented on country-specic directives. The standard temperature/time
curve (ISO 834) however is recognised worldwide. Fire analysis and results that are derived
from this standard can therefore be applied in
many cases to solve technical re safety problems in other countries.
Basic Requirements
Public safety, particularly life or health
may not be endangered
The development of re must be prevented, and the rescue of people and animals,
as well as eective extinguishing work, must be successful.
Individual Requirements
Layout on the property and layout

relative to neighbouring buildings,
re ghting
Fire behavior of building materials

and building components
Size, position and protection

of the re partitions
Location and design

of the rescue passages
Limitations on size, requirements for limiting structural components (rewalls),

closure of openings in rewalls, equivalent measures for large re partitions
(smoke warning alarms + sprinklers)
434
Status 03/2006

6.5
Fire behaviour of building materials and structural members and

their designation
DIN 4102 dierentiates between building

materials and structural members. Building
materials correspond to a certain material
(concrete, timber, steel) and as a result they
dier in terms of their combustion. That is why
they are dierentiated according to their re
behaviour regardless of their external form
(Table 6.1).
Structural members can consist of dierent
building materials. They are evaluated as an
entity, and classied according to their duration of re resistance.
6.5.1 Duration of re resistance
The duration of re resistance indicates the
resistance to re over a certain period of time.
Example:
F 30
Explanation:
The structural member has, under the conditions referred to by the standard temperature/
time curve, a re resistance duration of 30
minutes. For F 30 the term re retardant is
used. Structural members starting from F 90
and higher are designated as reproof.
The re rating is classied with regard to the
minimum resistance of 30, 60, 90, 120, or
180 minutes.
6.5.2 Fire behaviour

Letters printed next to the re rating, designate the re behaviour of a structural member
(Tab. 6.1). A re retardant structural component made of non-ammable building materials with a re rating class F 30 is designated
accordingly with F 30 A. The designation AB
stands for the combination of non-ammable
and ammable materials.
6.5.3 Designation and classication of
fasteners and anchors
The re rating class for fasteners and anchors
is specied, for example F 90.
The use of fasteners and anchors is regulated
through approvals. These fastener and anchor
approvals do not contain information concerning re resistance in minutes. Exceptions
are the German Approvals for the anchorage
of light ceiling claddings, for example: scher
Nail anchor FNA, scher Zykon hammerset
anchor FZEA, scher Hammerset anchor EA
(see table 6.2).
If anchors are required for other applications,
where they must maintain their function in
case of re or higher temperature, then expert
information about the specic re behaviour is
provided (compare section 6.10).
Table 6.2:
scher Hammerset anchor EA /4/
Type
Table 6.1:
Building material classes according to DIN 4102 part 1
Building material class
Ocial designation
A
A1
A2
B
Non-ammable building materials
B1
B2
B3
Flame retardant building materials

Normal ammable building materials
Easily ammable building materials
Status 03/2006
Flammable building materials
EA
M8x40
perm. load
re resistance duration
per anchor
re resistance duration 120 min
Spacing
90 min
0.7
s [cm]
Edge distance
c [cm]
Min. member thickness
h [cm]
EA
M10
0.8
EA
M12
0.8
40
10
20
10
Permissible loads - only for axial tension and only for anchors made of zinc plated
steel with screws or threaded rods of minimum strength class 5.6 - as well as
anchor characteristics and member dimensions for the anchorage of ligth ceiling
claddings and sub-ceilings according to DIN 18168 in concrete, strength class B
25 and B 55 under fire effect.
435

For structural components in Germany
anchors shall be selected that are approved
and covered by an independent expert information. Fixings of re resistant doors are covered by DIN 18093.
6.5.4 Special components
Other structural members such as cable
systems, ventilation ducts, and re safety
enclosures are tested for their re rating class
according to special specications. In the case
of re resistance Table 6.3 shows the dierent
classes. All structural xings must demonstrate at least the required re resistance of
the element being xed. If, for example, a re
rating of L 90 is required for ventilation ducts,
then an anchor with a certied class of at least
F 90 must be used.
With systems consisting of dierent parts (e.
g. cable and cable clamp or door frame and
xing), that have been tested at a unit, no part
must be replaced by a dierent component.
Otherwise the approval is not longer valid.
6.5.5
International re safety experience has been

summarized in the future standard E DIN EN
13501 - part 1. This standard will replace the
existing re standard DIN 4102 part 1 further
to nal agreement and publication. Following
this, the building materials classes will change
according to table 6.4 /5/. The letters s and
d indicate the criteria smoke (s) and droplets
(d).
6.6.
Fire development and temperature/time curves
In order to assess anchors under inuence

of re, reproducible simulation tests are
required.
Table 6.4:
Classication of the re behavior of building materials (except
oor coverings) /5/
Ocial
construction
requirements
Future European standard
Fireproof
At least
Additional requirements European class according to

Class
DIN EN 13501-1
according to
No smoke no burning
DIN 4102-1
particles/or
burning
droplets
X
X
A1
A1
X
X
X
Hardly
ammable
Table 6.3:
Fire resistance classes
Class F
General application, bearing or non-bearing walls, beams, and joists
Class W
Fire walls, non-bearing external walls including railings and skirting
Class E
Maintaining function of electrical cabling systems
Class T
Fire safety enclosures
Class G
Special glass for re safety enclosures
Class L
Ventilation duct
Class K
Blocking xtures in ventilation ducts
Class S
Cable partitions
Class R
Encased pipelines
Class I
Installation shafts and channels
436
X
At least
A2 s1 d0
-s1 d0
A2
-s2 d0
A2, B, C
-s3 d0
A2, B, C
-s1 d1
A2, B, C
-s1 d2
A2, B, C
-s3 d2
-s1 d0
B1
-s2 d0
X
Normal
ammable
A2
B, C
-s3 d0
E
B2
-s1 d2
-s2 d2
-s3 d2
At least
Easily
ammable
-d2
F
B3
Status 03/2006

6.6.1 Real re development
Fires proceed according to the principle represented in gure 6.4. There are two distinct
phases developing re and fully developed
re. In the case of the developing re there is
dierentiation between the ignition phase and
the smouldering phase, in the case of fully
developed re there is dierentiation between
heating-up phase and cool-down phase. Thus
the building material class according to DIN
4102 part 1 (for example A, A1, B3) is the
decisive factor for the developing re. In the
case of a full-re, after ashpoint, the decisive
factor is the re resistance of the structural
member (e.g. F 90).
6.6.2 Standard re tests according to

the standard temperature/time
curve
Fire eect relative to temperature and elapsed
time is dened in the standard temperature/
time curve (ETK) (Fig. 6.5) according to DIN
4102 and ISO 834. The curve is characterised by a at increase in temperature up to
1090 C after 120 minutes. It is accepted
world-wide as a basis for evaluation. Thus re
test results can be applied throughout the
world.
The temperature/time curve is the basis for all
standard re tests. Ocial building authorities
do not legislate on the cool-down phase. That
is why it is not considered in the standard
time/temperature curve. The increase in temperature and the maximum temperature are
selected such that testing in accordance with
the standard temperature/time curve creates
eects that are similar to those resulting from
a real re.
Figure 6.4:
Fire phases, re temperatures (diagram) and re hazards [6]
Status 03/2006
437

6.6.3 Temperature curves for special
applications
Besides the standard temperature/time curve
further temperature curves are accepted for
special applications. The hydrocarbon curve
describes re damage with ammable liquids.
In Germany tunnel res are simulated according to the RABT/ZTV Tunnel curve. In the
Netherlands they are simulated according to
the Rijkswaterstaat Tunnel curve (Fig. 6.5).
The RABT/ZTV Tunnel curve is characterised by an increase in temperature up to
1200 C within 5 minutes. An even more
severe temperature action is required in accordance with the Rijkswaterstaat-Tunnelcurve:
1200 C over a time of 120 minutes.
6.6.4 Fire tests under real conditions

The scher group of companies collaborates
in international research projects on re behaviour. In addition to analytical experiments and
modelling calculations there is also a focus
here on executing re tests under real conditions. In this regard, the spectrum extends from
small re analysis of room res and house res
to the re test in a Brenner Motorway tunnel
(Fig. 6.2). This re test took place in July 2001
as part of a catastrophe-training program near
Brixen, Italy.
Three objectives were paramount during the
execution of this trial: Determination of the
temperature depending on the distance to the
concrete surface (Fig. 6.6), the load bearing
capacity of the anchors during and after the
re.
Figure 6.7 shows the test set up. Bergmeister
and Rieder published the results of this re
test /7/.
6
Figure 6.5:
Time/temperature curves [7] (ETK), Hydrocarbon curve,
RABT Tunnel curve, Riikswaaterstaat Tunnel curve
Figure 6.6:
Temperature measurement on the scher Anchor bolt FAZ depending on the distance to the concrete surface
Measuring point I hef
Measuring point III mouth of the hole
Measuring point II hef/2
438
Status 03/2006

Figure 6.7:
Setup for the test in the Brenner Motorway tunnel /2/
6.7.2 Safety concept

Permissible anchor loads specied in ocial
approvals, only show a fraction of the anchors
failure load. This means that variations caused
by irregularities in the building material, inaccurate assembly and unforeseen stresses in
the structural member are accounted for.
In the re test, the failure load is determined
under re conditions. Here the permissible
load is determined from this failure load using
a safety factor 1.
As dierent safety concepts are permitted
for ocial fastener and anchor approvals
and for re test evaluation, it is possible that
the permissible load determined for re may
be higher than that specied by the fastener
or anchor approval. Nevertheless the prescribed maximum permissible load stated in the
anchor approval must be respected.
6.7
Fire test
All standard tests to determine the load bearing capacity of anchors are executed in a
furnace.
6.7.1 Test set up and test procedure
The spatial enclosure of the furnace consists
of either a C20/25 reinforced concrete slab,
or of masonry. The anchors are set into these
building materials, loaded as dened and then
exposed to ames. The duration of re resistance indicates the time, an anchor can resist
without failure. As the load bearing capacity of
an anchor essentially depends on its diameter,
the elapsed time to failure is a function of the
diameter. The results are on the conservative
side, as the tests are executed without protection of the xture.
The temperature development must correspond to the standard temperature/time curve
or to other curves (e.g. gure 6.5).
Status 03/2006
6.7.3 Modes of failure

At high re temperatures, tensile strength and
yield strength of the steel and the compressive
strength and tensile strength of the concrete
are signicantly reduced. During re tests,
using anchors installed in concrete, three different modes of failure can occur.
6.7.3.1 Steel failure of fasteners and
anchors
As the temperature rises, the strength of
the steel is reduced. As soon as the ultimate
strength has been reached steel failure occurs
outside the base material (Fig. 6.8c). Figure
6.9 illustrates how temperature changes the
load-bearing capacity of structural steels. At a
temperature of 500 C the yield strength corresponds to only 58% of the value measured
at ambient temperature.
Two types of steel failure can be observed:
steel failure within the cross section and the
439

shearing of threads of the threaded rod and/
or the nut.
Test results /10/ reveal that the steel failure
load depends upon the type of steel (carbon
steel or stainless steel) and the diameter of the
anchor. Accordingly stainless steels perform
signicantly better at comparable re stresses
than carbon steels. Anchors with smaller diameters fail more quickly than those with large
diameters.
6.7.3.2 Concrete failures
The dierent coecients of expansion of the
concrete components (aggregates, cement,
water, reinforcement) as well as the high
temperature dierences between the amed
surface and the deeper layers produce strong
stresses. In addition water, physically bound
in concrete, vaporizes and thus stresses the
concrete. This means particularly that spallingo can occur in the layers close to the surface
(Fig. 6.10).
Spalling-o is strongly inuenced by the
location and size of the reinforcement. The
spalling behaviour is signicantly aected by
the reinforcement. A dense reinforcement of
6
Figure 6.8:
Modes of failure under tension load
thin bars is more unfavourable than thicker

reinforcement bars placed at greater distances
from each other. The draft of the German regulation ZTV-DNG, part 5, section 4, requires a
minimum embedment depth of 65 mm to
allow for spalling of the concrete.
As is illustrated in Figure 6.11, the temperature in the concrete decreases with increasing
distance from the surface. Thus, the concrete
cover represents a temperature protection
for the reinforcement. If the concrete cover
spalls o, then reinforcement failure should
be expected.
New research results /10/ demonstrate that
failure due to concrete break-out (Fig. 6.8b) of
approved anchors with embedment depths >
40 mm is negligible. Exceptions are anchors
that operate on the deformation-controlled
principle via the setting of a cone (for example
scher Hammerset anchor EA). This type of
anchors is only approved for anchoring light
ceiling claddings and for applications in noncracked concrete. However in the case of re,
cracks occur in the concrete. Because of the
lack of post expansion capacity, these anchors
show a large displacement in cracked concrete. Hence the embedment depth is reduced
to the extent that concrete break-out of the
remaining concrete cover must be taken into
consideration.
Figure 6.9:
Behavior of steel depending on the temperature, derived from/9/
440
Status 03/2006

6.7.3.3 Pull-out / pull-through of metal
expansion and undercut anchors
6.7.3.4 Bond failures of chemical anchor

systems
In res of long duration, cracks will occur

in the interior of the concrete that will run
through the drill hole of the anchor. For
torque-controlled anchors, suitable for use in
cracked concrete, like the scher Anchor bolt
FAZ, it has been identied that pull-out can
only be observed shortly before failure of the
concrete member. This is due to the fact that
these anchors have a so called post-expansion
behaviour: if the drill hole is enlarged by a
crack, then the load acting on the anchor pulls
the expansion cone deeper into the expansion
sleeve and thus the transferable load remains
high and a large displacement, as in the case
of a deformation-controlled anchor, does not
occur.
In the case of chemical anchor systems, both

capsule and injection systems, the mortar
softens at high temperature which leads to a
bond failure.
The same applies for undercut anchors like

the scher Zykon anchor FZA. The part of the
anchor placed in the conical undercut of the
drill hole has a signicantly larger diameter
than that within the cylindrical drill hole. Thus
this type of anchor reacts for the most part
with no sensitivity to crack formation.
Further studies have shown that in the direct

aming of bonded anchors that are installed in
concrete slabs, the heat advances only slowly
along the embedment depth /7/. Figure 6.12
demonstrates how the temperature in the
mortar develops depending on the distance to
the concrete surface and the re duration.
Fire-induced cracks can become larger during

or after cool down. In this case, post re pullout failure is possible.
Tests with the bonded expansion system,

scher Highbond anchor FHB, prove that the
Figure 6.10:
Spalling-o of the concrete cover /2/
Status 03/2006
Hybrid systems based on vinyl ester resins

as used by the scher group of companies
(scher Highbond anchor FHB, Upat UMV
Vario injection anchor, Upat UPM 44 Injection
mortar or scher injection mortar FIS V) reach
a maximum short term use temperature of
120 C. Products based on vinyl ester resins
only (Upat UMV multicone, Upat UKA 3 resin
anchor or scher resin anchor R (Eurobond))
may be used up to a short term temperature
of 80 C. For polyester resin mortar this temperature is also 80 C.
Figure 6.11:
scher Anchor bolt FAZ A4 - temperatures over the length of the
drill hole after 15 minutes of re exposure /2/
441

load-bearing capacity is only slightly reduced
due to the supplemental expansion forces
and that the steel failure is decisive. Thus
with modern bonded expansion anchors, in
the case of re, loads similar to that for steel
anchors can be applied.
6.7.3.5 Steel failure at temperatures up to
400 C
In cases where the fastening is exposed to
temperatures up to 400 C, a reduction of
steel strength should be considered in the
design procedure. This is covered by the draft
of the tunnel regulation ZTV-DNG. Relatively
high temperatures occur in the vicinity of the
source of re. Nevertheless equipment such as
fans or fume extraction systems must remain
usable. This is guaranteed by consideration of
higher temperatures for both, the equipment
as well as the anchors. Table 6.5 shows the
reduction of the yield strength of dierent
stainless steels as a function of the temperature. Corresponding numbers for carbon steel
may be found in gure 6.9.
Figure 6.12:
Temperature in the area of the mortar of chemical anchors during a re
test (Upat UKA 3 Chemical anchor and scher Resin anchor R)
6.8
Fire behaviour of fasteners and

anchors: the current state of technology
The appropriate values for loads and re

resistance, depending on the anchor type and
application, are specied in the ocial approvals or re tests.
6.8.1 Anchors for the anchorage of
lightweight suspended ceiling
The scher Nail anchor FNA, scher Zykon
hammerset anchor FZEA, scher Hammerset
anchor EA and Upat EXA Express anchor are
typical anchors for suspended ceilings and
comparable redundant systems, for example
ventilation ducts and pipe lines. For these
applications the load under normal temperature conditions is limited to 0.3 - 1.5 kN per
anchor in accordance with the German approvals. The permissible load in the case of re is
given in section 6.10.1.3
6.8.2 Test results for approved heavy
duty anchors
The following anchors have been tested for
their re behaviour: scher High performance
anchor FH, scher Anchor bolt FAZ, scher
Bolt FBN, scher Zykon anchor FZA, scher
Zykon hammerset anchor FZEA, scher
Hollow-ceiling anchor FHY, scher Highbond anchor FHB, scher Injection mortar
FIS V, Upat UPM 44 Chemical mortar, Upat
UMV Vario injection anchor and Upat EXA
Table 6.5:
Minimum yield strengths [N/mm2] of stainless steels as a function of the temperature /11/
442
Material
20 C
100 C
200 C
300 C
400 C
1.4401
200
175
145
127
115
1.4404
200
165
137
119
108
1.4571
200
185
165
145
135
1.4529
300
230
190
170
160
Status 03/2006

Express anchor. In the respective tables
shown in section 6.10 the load bearing
capacity is listed depending on re resistance,
anchor diameter and steel quality.
European standards. Instead of the old terms

F 60, F 90 etc. now the terms R 60, R 90 etc.
are to be used.
Generally stainless steel oers more safety in

case of re than carbon steels. For this reason
the classication for anchors produced from
stainless steel can be applied without testing
from results with carbon steel. The results are
conservative. This is exemplied by the test
results listed in table 6.6 for Upat UPM 44
Chemical mortar with ASTA M 16 and scher
Zykon anchor FZA M 12 for the re rating
class F 90.
6.8.4 Test results for approved nylon

frame-xings with zinc-plated
screws
Table 6.6:
Inuence of the type of steel on the load capacity (examples
for F90)
Designation
UPM 44 + ASTA M 16
FZA 18x80 M12
Zinc plated steel
[kN]
4.0
2.0
Stainless steel
[kN]
5.8
5.0
6.8.3 Evaluation of metal anchors during

occurence of re according EOTA
Technical Report TR 020
In their Technical Report TR 020 the EOTA
dened a re rating guideline for metal
anchors. Following ETAG 001 also in TR 020
initially the load directions axial tension and
shear are proved separately and after that in
combination.
On the one hand TR 020 gives you a pure calculational method whose results are clearly on
the safe side but do not use the whole capacity of the anchors.
It can be shown in tests that nylon framexings ( 10 mm, screw 7 mm, hef 50 mm,
Fperm 0.8 kN) made from polyamide PA 6
embedded in the concrete have a re resistance of at least F 90.
6.8.5 Insulation xings and xings for
external thermal insulation composite systems
With regard to the application of insulation
xings made of plastic they basically do not
contribute to re spreading due to their spacing
in between each other. Following the requirements of 26 MBO (Building Ordinance) the
minimum requirements for normal amable
building materials have to be respected [12].
In some cases the applications in escape
routes and re protecting walls require metal
insulation xings.
Ocial Approvals for ETICS (external thermal
insulation composite systems) also include
the xing elements. The use with regard to re
resistance is only allowed in accordance with
the determined conditions of the Approval.
On the other hand the calculational values can

be increased enormously by making re rating
tests. These values are evaluated in a test
report. For the rst time such a test report was
issued for the scher Anchor bolt FAZ II.
Furthermore it should be mentioned that in
these test reports the terminology for the re
resistance classication has been adapted to
Status 03/2006
443

6.9.
Anchor applications (examples)
Application
suitable xing or anchor

Ventilation ducts and ventilation dampers
Lightweight suspended ceilings and similar systems in the

intermediate ceiling area
Sprinkler systems
Facade sub-constructions made of wood or metal
scher Zykon anchor FZA

scher Zykon hammerset anchor FZEA
scher Anchor bolt FAZ
scher High performance anchor FH
scher Hollow ceiling anchor FHY
scher Hammerset anchor EA
Upat EXA Express anchor
scher Universal frame xing FUR
scher Long-shaft xing SXS
scher Frame xing S-R
scher Frame xing S-H-R
Insulation fasteners in the area of ventilated facades
scher Metal retaining disc FATMV

scher Metal retaining disc FATMA
scher Insulation support DHM
scher Fatec Clip combination FAKA A
scher Insulation support DHK
Cable race ways and heavy pipelines

scher Highbond anchor FHB
scher Injection mortar FIS V
Upat EXA Express-Anker
Upat UMV Vario Injection anchor
Steel constructions

scher Bolt FBN
scher Highbond anchor FHB
Upat UMV Vario injection anchor
Anchorage in masonry
scher Injection-System FIS V

Upat UPM 44 chemical mortar
444
scher Nail anchor FNA

scher Concrete screw FBS
scher Ceiling nail FDN
Status 03/2006

6.10. Overview of certied fasteners and anchors
6.10.1 Fire testing according to DIN 4102
6.10.1.1Applications in cracked concrete
Designation
scher Highbond anchor FHB **
scher Zykon bolt anchor FZA
scher Zykon through anchor FZA-D
Anchor type
Material
FHB 10x60
FHB 12x80
zinc A4
C
plated
(1.4529)
X
X
X
X
Max. permissible loads in case of re [kN]

F 30
F 60
F 90
5.0
7.0
1.5
4.0
2.5
F 120
Test report
approval No. *
3038/8141-1
(02.05.2001)
cracked
and
noncracked
concrete
3253/02911-1
(02.05.2001)
cracked
and
noncracked
concrete
FHB 12x100
7.0
4.0
2.5
FHB 16x125
15.0
7.0
5.0
4.0
FHB 20x170
20.0
9.5
7.0
5.0
FHB 24x220
25.0
12.0
9.5
7.5
UMV Vario 60 M10
5.0
1.5
UMV Vario 80 M12
7.0
4.0
2.5
Certicate Application
VDS
FM
UMV Vario 100 M12
7.0
4.0
2.5
UMV Vario 125 M16
15.0
7.0
5.0
4.0
UMV Vario 170 M20
20.0
9.5
7.0
5.0
UMV Vario 220 M24
25.0
12.0
9.5
7.5
FZA M6
1.0
0.5
0.35
0.25
FZA M8
1.5
0.8
0.5
0.4
FZA M10
4.5
2.2
1.3
0.9
FZA M12
8.5
3.5
2.0
1.5
FZA M16
13.5
6.5
4.0
3.0
3277/0531-1
(23.11.2001)
FZA M6 A4/C
2.1
1.2
0.85
0.7
FZA M8 A4/C
10.0
4.0
1.8
1.0
FZA M10 A4/C
18.0
7.0
3.5
2.0
FZA M12 A4/C
22.0
9.0
5.0
3.5
FZA M16 A4/C
24.0
12.0
7.5
6.0
FZA M8 D
1.5
0.8
0.5
0.4
FZA M10 D
4.5
2.2
1.3
0.9
FZA M12 D
8.5
3.5
2.0
FZA M16 D
13.5
6.5
4.0
3277/0531-1
(23.11.2001)
X
X
1.5
3.0
FZA M8 D A4/C
10.0
4.0
1.8
1.0
FZA M10 D A4/C
18.0
7.0
3.5
2.0
FZA M12 D A4/C
22.0
9.0
5.0
3.5
FZA M16 D A4/C
24.0
12.0
7.5
6.0
cracked
and
noncracked
concrete
cracked
and
noncracked
concrete
* Detailed information about test reports and approvals please refer to: www.fischer.de/Befestigungssysteme/Produkte/Produktgruppe ... (Download possible)
** The fire rating test report for the fischer Highbond anchor FHB II is in progress. Please contact the responsible fischer representation in your country (see chapter
Service/Contact page 462 et seqq.
Status 03/2006
445
Designation
Anchor type
Material
zinc A4
C
plated
(1.4529)
F 30
F 60
F 90
Test report Certi- Application

approval
cate
No. *
VDS FM
F 120
Tension Shear Tension Shear Tension Shear Tension Shear

load load load load load load load load
scher Zykon internally threaded
anchor FZA-I
FZA M6 I
1.0
0.5
0.35
0.25
FZA M8 I
1.5
0.8
0.5
0.4
3277/0531-1
(23.11.2001) X
FZA M10 I
4.5
2.2
1.3
0.9
FZA M12 I
8.5
3.5
2.0
1.5
2.1
1.2
0.85
0.7
FZA M6 I A4/C
10.0
4.0
1.8
1.0
FZA M10 I A4/C
18.0
7.0
3.5
2.0
FZA M12 I A4/C
22.0
9.0
5.0
3.5
0.7
FZEA 10x40 M10
1.0
FZEA 10x40 M12
1.5
FAZ 8 II
1.25
1.8
1.2
1.6
0.9
1.3
FAZ 10 II
2.25
3.6
2.25
2.9
1.9
2.2
FAZ 12 II
4.0
6.3
4.0
4.9
3.2
3.5
23 0663 6
95-1
(vom
11.11.1996
und
14.09.1999)
PB III /
0.8 1.2
1.6 1.9 B-05-001 of
10.02.05
2.8 2.8
FAZ 16 II
9.4
11.7
7.7
9.1
6.0
6.6
5.2
5.3
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
FAZ 8 A4/C
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
FAZ 10 A4/C
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
FAZ 12 A4/C
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
PB III/B-02- X
316
X
(31.01.2003)
X
FAZ 16 A4/C
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
X
X
FH 10 B / S / H
0.4
0.4
0.4
FH 12 B / S / H / SK
0.6
0.6
0.6
3355/0530-2
(25.05.2000) X
FH 15 B / S / H / SK
1.5
1.5
1.5
FH 18 B / S / H
2.0
2.0
2.0
--
4.5
4.5
FH 24 B / S / H
4.0
--
FBS 8
0.8
0.8
FBS 10
1.0
1.0
1.5
1.5
FBS 10 A4/C
scher Hollow-ceiling anchor FHY
FZA M8 I A4/C
scher Zykon hammerset anchor FZEA FZEA 10x40 M8
902 070 000

(25.06.2002)
FHY M6
1.0
0.45
0.28
0.2
FHY M9
1.6
1.0
0.75
0.6
3566/3321
(21.06.2002) X
FHY M10
2.5
1.65
1.3
1.1
cracked
and
noncracked
concrete
cracked
and
noncracked
concrete
cracked
and
noncracked
concrete
cracked
and
noncracked
concrete
cracked
and
noncracked
concrete
cracked
and
noncracked
concrete
only for
prestressed
hollow-core
concrete
slabs
446
Status 03/2006

6.10.1.2 Applications in non-cracked concrete further anchor types compare section
6.1.1.1
Designation
scher Bolt FBN
Upat UPM 44 Chemical mortar
Anchor type
FBN 8
Material
F 30
F 60
F 90
F 120
0.5
0.5
0.5
FBN 10
1.3
1.3
1.3
FBN 12
1.8
1.8
1.8
FBN 16
4.0
4.0
4.0
FBN 20
7.0
7.0
7.0
EXA M8
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.5
EXA M10
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
EXA M12
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
UPM 44 M8
1.9
0.8
0.3
0.15
UPM 44 M10
4.5
2.1
1.0
0.6
UPM 44 M12
8.5
3.6
2.1
1.5
UPM 44 M16
13.5
6.4
4.0
3.0
UPM 44 M20
21.0
10.0
6.0
4.5
UPM 44 M24
30.0
14.0
9.0
6.5
UPM 44 M30
45.0
22.0
14.0
10.0
UPM 44 M8 A4/C
4.3
0.8
0.3
0.15
UPM 44 M10 A4/C
7.5
2.1
1.0
0.6
UPM 44 M12 A4/C
11.0
5.7
3.9
3.0
UPM 44 M16 A4/C
25.0
10.0
5.8
4.0
UPM 44 M20 A4/C
32.0
15.0
9.0
6.0
UPM 44 M24 A4/C
45.0
22.0
13.0
9.0
UPM 44 M30 A4/C

zinc A4
C
plated
(1.4529)
X
70.0
35.0
20.0
14.0
FIS G M8
1.9
0.8
0.3
0.15
FIS G M10
4.5
2.1
1.0
0.6
FIS G M12
8.5
3.6
2.1
1.5
FIS G M16
13.5
6.4
4.0
3.0
FIS G M20
21.0
10.0
6.0
4.5
FIS G M24
30.0
14.0
9.0
6.5
FIS G M30
45.0
22.0
14.0
10.0
4.3
0.8
0.3
0.15
FIS G M8 A4/C
FIS G M10 A4/C
7.5
2.1
1.0
0.6
FIS G M12 A4/C
11.0
5.7
3.9
3.0
FIS G M16 A4/C
25.0
10.0
5.8
4.0
FIS G M20 A4/C
32.0
15.0
9.0
6.0
FIS G M24 A4/C
45.0
22.0
13.0
9.0
FIS G M30 A4/C
70.0
35.0
20.0
14.0
FUR 10 1)
1.6
0.8
FUR 10 2)
1.6
1.4
0.8
FUR 10 3)
1.6
1.6
0.8
Test report
approval No. *
VDS
FM
3355/0530-4
(23.06.2000)
3268/1095-3
(21.02.1996)
noncracked
concrete
X
X
X
noncracked
concrete
3253/0291-3
(10.01.2002)
noncracked
concrete
3038/8141-3
(10.01.2002)
noncracked
concrete
3705/4711
(23.11.2001)
noncracked
concrete
1)
Angle of load 10
2)
Angle of load 70
3)
Angle of load 90
Status 03/2006
447

6.10.1.3 Fixings for lightweight suspended ceilings or statically comparable redundant
applications
Designation
Anchor type
FBS 5
FBS 6
scher hammerset anchor EA
Material
zinc A4
C
plated
(1.4529)
X
X
F 30
F 60
F 90
F 120
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.3
0.8
FBS 8
0.8
FDN 6/35
0.4
0.25
FDN 6/65
0.4
0.25
FNA 6x30
0.25
0.25
FNA 6x30 M6
0.35
0.25
FNA 6x30 M8
0.35
0.25
FNA 6x40 M6
0.5
0.25
FNA 6x40 M8
0.5
0.25
EA M6 1)
Test report
approval No. *
VDS
FM
902 070 000

(25.06.2002)
Suspended
ceilings
Z-21.1-1731
(05.07.2002)
Suspended
ceilings
Z-21.1-606
(03.04.2002)
Suspended
ceilings
Z-21.1-1619
(01.01.1998)
0.1
EA M8x40
0.8
0.7
EA M10
0.8
0.8
EA M12
0.8
0.8
Suspended
ceilings
and noncracked
concrete
1)
GU III/B-02-035 (vom 12.08.2002)
6.10.1.4 Fixings for masonry

Designation
6
Upat UPM 44 Chemical mortar
Anchor type
FIS V M8
Material
zinc A4
C
plated
(1.4529)
X
X

F 30
F 60
F 90
1)
1)
1)
1.9
0.8
0.5
F 120
0.4
1)
FIS V M10
4.01)
1.81)
1.01)
0.71)
FIS V M12
5.01)
2.71)
1.51)
1.01)
UPM 44 M8
1.91)
0.81)
0.51)
0.41)
UPM 44 M10
4.01)
1.81)
1.01)
0.71)
UPM 44 M12
5.01)
2.71)
1.51)
1.01)
Test report
approval No. *
VDS
FM
3355/0530-5
(21.05.2001)
Masonry
3354/0520-5
(21.05.2001)
Masonry
448
Status 03/2006

6.10.2 Fixings for claddings
Designation
scher Longshaft xing SXS
scher Frame xing S-R
scher Frame xing S-H-R
Anchor type
FUR 8
Material
zinc A4
C
plated
(1.4529)
X
X
F 30
F 60
F 90
F 120
Test report
approval No. *
VDS
FM
Z-21.2-1204
(10.04.2000)
Claddings
Z-21.2-1695
(23.03.2001)
Claddings
Z-21.2-9
(02.08.2000)
Claddings
Z-21.2-9
(02.08.2000)
Claddings
0.8
FUR 10
0.8
SXS 10
0.8
S8R
0.51)
S 10 R
0.81)
S 12 R
1.01)
S 14 R
1.21)
S 10 H-R
0.42)
S 14 H-R
0.62)
Values valid for concrete: for other materials refer to approval certificate
Values valid for hollow calcium silicate bricks (KSL): for other materials refer to approval certificate
1)
2)
6.10.3 Fire test according to ZTV-Tunnel

Designation
scher Highbond anchor FHB C
Anchor type
FHB 12x100 C
Material
FHB 16x125 C
scher Anchot bolt FAZ
Max. centric tensile load
zinc A4
C
plated
(1.4529)
X
[kN]
2.0
5.0
2.0
5.0
FAZ 8C
1.2
FAZ 10C
2.3
FAZ 12C
3.2
FAZ 16C
UMV Vario 100

M12 S
UMV Vario 125
M16 S
FNA 6x30 A4
Test report
approval No. *
FM
3038/8141-2
(12.10.2001)
cracked
and
noncracked
concrete
3253/0291-2
(12.10.2001)
cracked
and
noncracked
concrete
PB III/B-04-289
(04.08.2003)
cracked
and
noncracked
concrete
reproong
panels
6.2
0.25
VDS
3439/5843
(04.08.2003)
6.10.4 Post-installed rebar connections with Injection mortar FIS V

For detailed information see pages 430 and 431.
Status 03/2006
449

6.11. References
/1/ 25. VDS- Brandschutzseminar (Seminar
Fire protection), 24./25. 3. 1998 in
Cologne (in German)
/2/ Tunnelbrandversuch (Tunnel re test
2001), unpublished presentation,
scher group of companies (in German)
/3/ VdS Fachtagung Brandschutz aktuell
(Seminar Fire Protection Actual),
21.10.97 in Cologne (in German)
/4/ Allgemeine bauaufsichtliche Zulassung
scher Einschlaganker (German Approval for scher Hammerset anchor EA),
Z-21.1-16-19 (in German)
/5/ Herzog, I.: DIBt, Informationen zur Einfhrung des europischen Klassizierungssystems fr den Brandschutz (im
nichtamtlichen Teil der Bauregelliste)
(Information on the introduction of
the European classication system for
the re protection (in non-ocial part
of the construction regulatory list)) (in
German)
/7/ Bergmeister K., Rieder A.,: Behaviour

of post-installed anchors in case of re.
Connections between steel and concrete, Stuttgart, 12.09.2001
/8/ scher, Technical Handbook, 4. edition
2001
/9/ DIN 4102 Teil 4, Ausgabe 1994 (in
German)
/10/ Reick, M.: Brandverhalten von Befestigungen mit groem Randabstand in
Beton bei zentrischer Zugbeanspruchung (Fire behaviour of fastenings
with large edge distance in concrete
under tensionload), Mitteilungen des
Instituts fr Werkstoe im Bauwesen
der Universitt Stuttgart, 2001/4 (in
German)
/11/ Euronorm EN 10088-3d
/12/ Sgodzai, H. (2003) Schreiben vom
07.02.2003 an den Fachverband
Baustoe und Bauteile fr vorgehngte,
hinterlftete Fassaden e. V.
/6/ Nause, P.: INK-Bau-Fachtagung 153

(IBK-Building-Seminar 153), 14./15.
10. 1992 (in German)
450
Status 03/2006
Corrosion
7.1
Basic principles ................................................................... 452
7.2
Types of corrosion .............................................................. 452
7.3
Corrosion protection ......................................................... 453
Status 03/2006
451
Corrosion
7.1
Basic principles
a constant rate. The rate of corrosion can be

estimated over a certain duration of time and
therefore can be considered in the overall life
expectancy of the material. The best kown
example of this type of corrosion is zinc and
air.
With the exception of noble metals such as

gold, silver and platinium, all metal materials
subjected to various atmospheric conditions
react with oxygen. As a result of this reaction
two phenomena occur.
1. The products of this reaction form an initial oxydized layer on the surface preventing
further corrosion. Thus forming a passivated
layer protecting the material from further
negative inuencees. Due to this mechanism
metals with a less noble characteristic are very
quickly oxydized through contact with the air
and therefore have a very good long term
durability. Typical examples are aluminium,
chromium and titanium.
II. Load corrosion - pitting and crevice corrosion
2. The products of this reaction are porous

and do not form a protective layer against
oxygen, water or carbon dioxide. This results
in a continuing corrosion process which leads
to complete break down of the material. An
example of this mechanism is rust due to corrosion of iron in the air.
III. Bimetallic corrosion
Pitting occurs when the surface passivation (e.

g. aluminium or stainless steel) is damaged. In
the region of the initial attack very aggressive
zones are formed from which further damage
of the material occurs. Also as in the above
example when cracks or deposits are found
localized electrolytes lead to very extreme
corrosion.
Bimetallic corrosion may occur when the
dissimilar metals (Table 7.1) are in electrical
contact in a common electrolyte (e. g. rain,
condensation etc.). If a current ows between
the two, the less noble metal (the anode) corrodes at a faster rate than would have occured
if the metals were not in contact.
Metals referring to 1. do not require additional

corrosion protection. Carbon steels as described in 2. require additional protection against
atmospheric attack in order to sustain their
long term performance.
7.2
Alternativelly nobler metals can be protected

from corrosion by connecting them electrically conductive to a less noble metal (typical
examples are aluminium anodes for steel
parts).
Types of corrosion
I. Surface corrosion
IV. Stress corrosion cracking
The materials surface is continually in contact

with the corrosive medium and corrodes at
With stress corrosion cracking the agressive

medium is insucient for the products of
Table 7.1 Potential (in [V]) of various metals

Aluminium
Titanium
Zinc
Chromium
Iron
Tin
Copper
Silver
Gold
1.66
0.95
0.76
0.74
0.41
0.14
+0.34
+0.80
+1.50
452
Status 03/2006
Corrosion
corrosion to occur. A simultaneous presence
of tensile stresses and specic environmental
factors are required for this process to occur.
The stresses can be due to external or internal
imposed loading. Stress corrosion cracking is
extremely dangerous as visible indication is
not possible and therefore can lead to a spontaneous failure. A common form of this type of
corrosion is where austenitic stainless steel is
found in chlorine contaminated atmospheres
such as indoor swimming pools.
7.3
Corrosion protection
Two basic measures are available for the protection of materials which may be subjected
to corrosion.
1. With suitable surface treatments of the
material an attack of the corrosive medium is
prevented. Examples of corrosion protections
of steel are coatings and zinc plating or hotdip galvanising. These methods are examples
of economical protective coatings. The long
term protection can only be achieved so long
as no surface damage occurs.
2. Choosing materials that prevent the onset
of corrosion is more eective than additional
protective coatings. A popular measure is to
add chromium or molybdenium. These additional materials insure long term performance
even in severe conditions.
Subject to the installation environment steel
anchors may be protected from corrosion by
various means. scher uses two standard
protective coatings and further corrosion
prohibitive materials which are sucient for
dierent applications. Should other national
regulations exist in your country these must
be taken into consideration as well.
I. Zinc plating
Due to the atmospheric conditions zinc forms
a dense layer on the surface which provides
further protection. In the electro-potential
Status 03/2006
table (compare Table 7.1) zinc is found to

have a considerably higher negative potential
than iron i. e. zinc is the lesser noble of the two
materials. These two phenomena make zinc
an ideal corrosion protection partner for iron
(technical: steel). This dense coating prevents
the direct contact of the corrosive medium
on steel. The lesser noble character of zinc
oers a so-called cathodic protection with a
self healing eect. Sucient corrosion protection is achieved even with small areas of
damage of the coating.
a) Galvanised zinc plating
Galvanising is carried out by an electro-chemical process where a thin zinc layer is attached
to the steel component. By controlling certain
reaction parameters (e. g. pH-Value, temperature, concentration...) a denite characteristic
in particular the coating thickness is possible.
The type of passivation dictates the long term
stability of the total coating. The darker the
colour the better the protection.
scher products have a minimum zinc plating
5 m and yellow or blue passivation. This provides sucient protection for transportation
even in unfavourable conditions, also for long
term protection for internal applications.
b) Hot-dip galvanising
Electro-chemical galvanising produces thicknesses of maximum 15 to 20 m. For greater
thicknesses where higher corrosion protection is required, further processes should be
considered.
Generally to provide greater coating thickness
(up to 80 m, in certain cases more) the steel
componets are dipped into liquid zinc (melting point 420 C). Further treatments are not
required and therefore the product may be
used for the application. In certain cases due
to capilliary action, zinc is collected in areas
such as threads <10 mm which may inuence
the functioning of the anchor. For these situ-
453
Corrosion
ations mechanical zinc plating (e. g. sheradizing, Mc-Dermid-method) is used. Using this
process provides similar coating thickness and
thus similar protection as hot-dip galvanising.
Negative collection of zinc by using this process is avoided. Hot-dip galvanised products
can be used for external applications with
reduced corrosion requirements. This provides
an economical alternative to stainless steels.
scher standard products in stainless steel

are available in the material number 1.4401
(grade 316, classication
A4, DIN EN
10 088). Further stainless steels are available
on request, e. g. material number 1.4571 and
1.4404.
All scher products with hot-dip galvanising

have a minimum coating thickness of 40 m.
b) Special alloying metals
II. Corrosion resistant steels

a) Austenetic stainless steels
As long term corrosion-free material the
construction industry uses a stainless steel
grade 316 (A4) such as the material number
1.4401 or 1.4571 and 1.4404 (Table 7.2)
oering optimum corrosion protection for
general environmental conditons and also
industrial atmospheres.
The materials described above are not suitable for chlorine contaminated atmospheres
or o-store applications.
Should austenetic standard stainless steels not
provide sucient corrosion protection, special
materials may be considered. Examples of
where the previously described A4 stainless
steels are unsuitable are chlorine contaminated atmospheres, trac tunnels, power stations or water works. For applications such
as these the scher Technical services
department can provide specic details for
special applications. Examples are solutions
for xings in indoor swimming pools (chlorine
contaminated atmosphere), using the following material numbers 1.4529 or 1.4565 or
titanium anchors for power stations.
Table 7.2:
Alloying constituents of selected austenic stainless steels (all values in percentages)
Cr
Ni
Mo
Ti
1.4401 X5 Cr Ni Mo 17 12 2
16.5 18.5
10.5 13.5
2 2.5
1.4404 X2 Cr Ni Mo 17 13 2
16.5 18.5
11 14
2 2.5
1.4571 X6 Cr Ni Mo Ti 17 12 2
16.5 18.5
10.5 13.5
2 2.5
<0.8
1.4529 X1 Cr Ni Mo Cu N 25 206
19 20
24 26
67
0.1 0.25
1.4565 X2 Cr Ni Mo N 23 17 64
21 25
15 18
3 4.5
0.3 0.5
454
Status 03/2006
Service / Contact
International Technical Service (Support) ............................... 456
CC-COMPUFIX ................................................................................ 457
SaMontec ........................................................................................ 458
ACT .................................................................................................... 459
Contact ............................................................................................. 460
Status 03/2006
455
Service / Contact
International Technical Service (Support)
This Technical Manual gives you some insight
into xing engineering in general, and into the
special products by scherwerke in detail. The
Technical Data will show you the eciency
of the products when selected properly and
when used under the dened parameters and
ambient conditions.
Besides their COMPUFIX design software,
scherwerke also oer you their world-wide
application service. Our engineers will be pleased to help you to solve your special application problems. If you need support just
contact our local scher representation. In
case of a special application problem please
contact the International Technical Service in
Germany.
Contact us:
scherwerke
Artur Fischer
GmbH & Co.KG
Phone +49 74 43 12-41 99
Fax +49 74 43 12-89 89
e-mail: intsupport@scher.de
We also oer training seminars which, suited

to your individual needs and requirements, are
designed to back your condence in scher
products.
456
Status 03/2006
Service / Contact
Allows the design of the xture (steel
plate) for dierent steel types considering
various types of proles
CC-COMPUFIX
Design Software for anchors
For design of steel and nylon anchors
based on the CC-Method according to
the scher Technical Handbook and
European Technical Approvals
Gives information on installation details

and makes the full text of European Technical Approvals available
Generates a detailed printout including
a scaled drawing of anchors and steel
plate
For predominantly static and dynamic

loads (pulsating and alternating)
Takes into account torsion moments on
anchor groups close to an edge
Considers single anchors and groups of
two to six anchors
Oers the most up-to-date version

through LifeUpdate
Allows the design of asymmetrical connections
System requirements:
Permits bending of the anchors
IBM compatible PC, recommended: Pentium processor
Covers design of zinc plated and passivated steel, stainless steel A4 (grade 316)
and highly corrosion-resistant steel (material no 1.4529)
RAM: 32 MB
Graphics board: True colour (24 bit)
Minimum screen size: 800 x 600 pixel
CD-Rom drive
Operating system: Windows 98/2000,
XP, Windows NT 4.0 (SP6), Internet
Explorer 4
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INDD
OVERCARD
Status 03/2006
457
Service / Contact
Installationsystems
Pipe support system for the installation and mounting of pipes in commercial, industrial and residential buildings
scher Installation Grid System

Flexible installation choices for
positioning machinery and equipment
By using the scher SaMontec Grid,
a separate installation level can be
constructed above the work space
Fast installation, low assembly costs
Highly exible choices and options for
changing machine layout
Channels
User friedly media

New viewing facility to aid optical
designs
Installationgrid
Pipe clamps
scher SaMontec 3.1 design software

Calculations for the complete
installation of pipe work systemes
Accurate dimension calculations

for dierent applications
Technical installation
dimensions for the scher
SaMontec system (pipe
clips, bars etc.)
All the entered data is
processed using the actual
values
458
Designed to support future alternations

to the existing grid systm
Design, planning and creation is
supported by qualied engineers from
the technical sales support departement
Continuous backround
calculations are permanently
carried out to ensure overall
accuracy
An individual project
directory available
Live internet access facility
to update current programmes
Multi-language facility
to calculate in one
language and print in
another
Status 03/2006
Service / Contact
A C T
Advanced Curtain wall Technique
scher ACT system
the key to new faade aesthetics
With its ACT System (Advanced Curtain wall
Technique), scher oers architects and speciers an innovative, high-quality, all-inclusive
system for xing ventilated claddings of natural stone, cast stone, ceramic, ne stoneware,
HPL, bre cement as soon as point-xed
glass facades.
Apart from
technical
and nancial
advantages,
the ACT
System also
provides a
particularly
extensive
scope for
architectural
design. For
example, ACT
allows the use
of facade natural stone panels from 20 mm
in thickness, free positioning of the anchor
anywhere on the back face of the panel and
easy replacement of all or individual panels.
Even reveal panels can be attached with ease
and in many dierent ways. ACTs aesthetic
highlight is its undercut technology combi-
Status 03/2006
ned with the FZP scher zykon panel, which

ensures that there are no visible xing elements at the joint. Small xing point diameter
without penetration of cladding.
Complete service
from a single source
The ACT System is
not restricted
to innovative
xing products
this is only the
start. Fixing
specialists
at the ACT
Competence
Centres oer architects, speciers and craftsmen comprehensive support, from the planning stage and static calculations through
to on-time delivery to the site. Their service
also includes provision of design software
and instruction for users, as well as advice
in selecting the appropriate scher drilling
machines.
ACT Service:
scherwerke Artur Fischer GmbH & Co. KG
Werk Salzstetten Wolfcker 1
D-72178 Waldachtal Germany
Tel. +49 74 43 12-45 53
Fax +49 74 43 12-49 07
act@scher.de www.scher.de
459
Service / Contact
scherwerke
Artur Fischer GmbH & Co. KG
D 72178 Waldachtal
Tel. +49 74 43 12 0 Fax +49 74 43 12 42 22
www.scherwerke.com
BANGLADESH
AFGHANISTAN
D.B.W. Incorporated, Bridgetown

Tel. +12 4 64 29 40 83
Fax +12 4 64 30 47 01
Ingenieurbro Kabiri, Kehl (Germany)

Tel. +49 78 51 48 23 44
Fax +49 78 51 48 39 43
e-mail: dibakabiri@aol.com
BARBADOS
BELGIUM
in the area of responsibility from scher Austria GmbH
scher cobemabel s. a., Mechelen

Tel .+32 15 28 47 00
Fax +32 15 28 47 10
e-mail: info@scherbelgium.be
ALGERIA
BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA
ALBANIA
Haddad Equipment Professional, Algier

Tel.: +21 3 21 85 49 05
ARGENTINA
scher Argentina S. A., Buenos Aires

Tel. +54 11 47 62 27 78
Fax +54 11 47 56 13 11
e-mail: soledadlessi@scher.com.ar
AUSTRALIA
Metabo Pty Ltd., Scoresby

Tel. +61 3- 97 65 01 99
e-mail: bill@metabo.com.au
Fax +61 3 97 65 01 89
scher Austria GmbH, Traiskirchen

Tel. +43 2 25 25 37 30
Fax +43 2 25 25 31 45
e-mail: birgit.magdits@scher.at
Fax +12 4 23 2 48 92
BAHRAIN
M.H. Al Mahroos BSC (c)

Tel. +97 3 17 40 80 60
Fax +97 3 17 40 43 23
e-mail: almahroos@almahroos.com
460
BRAZIL
scher brasil, Rio de Janeiro

Tel. +55 21 24 67 87 96
Fax +55 21 24 67 11 30
e-mail: soledadlessi@scher.com.ar
Bllho Service Center Ltda., Sao Paulo
Tel. +55 11 69 71 59 00
Fax +55 11 69 71 59 40
e-mail: markus.bollho@netpoint.com.br
BULGARIA
CANADA
Canadian Fasteners Hegedus Ltd., Montreal

Tel. +15 14 3 81 34 31
Fax +15 14 3 81 36 88
e-mail: rbyford@ancragescanadiens.com
Wm. P. Sommerville Ltd., Burnaby
Tel. +16 0 42 98 36 22
Fax +16 0 42 98 59 26
BAHAMAS
M. + R. Herzog, Nassau
Tel. +12 4 23 25 05 07
AUSTRIA
Abedin Equipment Ltd., Dhaka

Tel. +88 02 9 55 96 31
Fax +88 02 9 56 06 80
e-mail: ms.islam@abedinequipment.com
CHILE
American screw de Chile S.A., Santiago

Tel.: +56 24 40 70 40
Fax: +56 24 40 70 42
e-mail: comex@rheem.cl
Status 03/2006
Service / Contact
CHINA
FINLAND
scher (Taicang) xings Co. Ltd., Shanghai

Tel. +86 21 65 15 64 76
Fax +86 21 61 22 15 89
e-mail: cn@scher.com.cn
scher Suomi sivulike, Espoo

Tel. +35 8 94 52 01 00
Fax +35 89 45 20 10 20
e-mail: jorma.makkonen@schernland.
CROATIA
FRANCE
scher S.A.S., StrasbourgCedex

Tel. +33 3 88 39 18 67
Fax +33 3 88 39 80 44
e-mail: info@scher.fr
CYPRUS
Phanos N. Epiphaniou Ltd., Pallouriotissa Nicosia

Tel. +35 7 22 79 33 33
Fax +35 7 22 43 15 34
e-mail: petros.samanis@epiphaniou.com
CZECH REPUBLIC
scher international s.r.o., Brands nad Labem

Tel. +42 03 26 90 46 01
Fax +42 03 26 90 46 00
e-mail: josef.sirinek@scherwerke.cz
scher Vyskov spol. s.r.o., Ivanovice na Hane
Tel. +42 05 17 36 39 25
Fax +42 05 17 36 31 68
e-mail: info@scher-vyskov.cz
DENMARK
scher a/s, Roskilde

Tel. +45 46 32 02 20
Fax +45 46 36 67 72
e-mail: dk@scher-skandinavien.dk
ESTONIA
GREAT BRITAIN
Fischer xings UK Ltd., Wallingford

Tel. +44 14 91 82 79 00
Fax +44 14 91 82 79 53
e-mail: info@scher.co.uk
GREECE
Filpro Anthopoulos S. A., Piraeus

Tel. +30 21 04 81 10 64
Fax +30 21 04 81 26 88
e-mail: anthopoulus@lpro.gr
Antzoulatos Group of Companies, Patra
Tel. +30 26 10 52 51 07
Fax +30 26 10 52 54 85
e-mail: skouma@antzoulatosgroup.gr
GUATEMALA
Fijaciones S.A.
Tel.: +50 23 60 74 06
Fax.: +50 23 32 23 02
e-mail: joerg.staerkel@edisa.com.gt
Industek AS, Tallin

Tel. +37 26 14 02 60
e-mail: erkki@industek.ee
Fax +37 26 14 02 61
HONDURAS
Satter AS, Tallin

Tel. +37 26 51 76 41
e-mail: madis@satter.ee
Fax +37 26 56 34 75
Precursora Comercial, S. de R.L., San Pedro Sula

Tel. +50 45 59 73 84
e-mail: precursora@sigmanet.hn
HONG KONG
Rautakesko AS, Tallin

Tel. +37 26 74 79 35
Fax +37 26 74 79 10
e-mail: karmon.korn@rautakesko.ee
Infrascan Limited, Chai Wan

Tel. +85 2 28 98 26 68
Fax +85 2 28 98 23 38
e-mail: simonlaw@infrascan.com.hk
EGYPT
HUNGARY
Modern Machines & Materials Co., Cairo-City

Tel. +20 23 03 02 51
Fax +20 27 49 34 36
e-mail: enayatazab@hotmail.com
scherwerke Artur Fischer GmbH & Co. KG, Budapest

Tel. +36 12 80 83 31
Fax +36 12 80 83 29
e-mail: scher.ma@scherhungary.axelero.net
Status 03/2006
461
Service / Contact
ICELAND
Byko, Kopavogur
Tel. +35 45 15 40 88
e-mail: addi@byko.is
JORDAN
Fax +35 45 15 40 99
INDIA
KAZAKHSTAN
Motor Industries Co. Ltd., Bangalore

Tel. +91 8 02 99 21 38
Fax +91 8 02 21 37 06
e-mail: mukherjee.jayantha@in.bosch.com
Zentr. Krepyoshnych Materialov, Almaty

Tel. +73 2 72 59 74 84
Fax +73 2 72 59 74 85
e-mail: ck_ckm@mail.ru
INDONESIA
Pt. Bersama Bangun Persada, Jakarta

Tel. +62 21 46 82 70 16
Fax +62 21 46 83 47 70
e-mail: hendrik@bbp.co.id
IRAN
Abzarsara Co., Teheran

Tel. +98 21-8 82 84 20
Fax +98 21-8 30 14 86
e-mail: mirsadeghi@abzarsara.com
IRELAND
Masonry Fixing Servervices Ltd., Dublin

Tel. +35 3 16 26 83 91
Fax +35 3 16 26 34 93
e-mail: bryan@masonryxings.ie
ISRAEL
Ledico Ltd., Holon

Tel. +97 2 39 63 00 00
e-mail: yoav@ledico.com
Fax +97 2 39 63 00 55
ITALY
Izzat Marji & Sons Co., Amman

Tel. +96 2 65 52 02 84
Fax +96 2 65 52 02 94
e-mail: fadi.marji@wanadoo.jo
scher italia S . R. L., Padova - Z. I. Sud

Tel. +39 04 98 06 31 11
Fax +39 04 98 06 33 95
e-mail: debora.sinnone@scheritalia.it
JAPAN
Minegishi Co. Ltd., Osaka

Tel. +81 6 64 58 71 61
Fax +81 6 64 58 71 65
e-mail: t.kawagishi@minegishi.co.jp
Lamed Ltd., Almaty

Tel. +73 2 72 49 26 00
e-mail: lamed.kz@inbox.ru
KOREA
scher Korea Co., Ltd., Seoul

Tel. +82 2 37 80 46 92
Fax +82 27 96 46 92
e-mail: schertech@korea.com
KUWAIT
M/S Sana Al Najjat Co., Safat

Tel. +96 54 81 87 86
Fax +96 54 81 83 85
e-mail: sananajjat@maktoob.com
LATVIA
Sia Indutek LV, Riga

Tel. +37 17 80 49 49
Fax +37 17 80 49 48
e-mail: gailis.zigmars@indutek.lv
LEBANON
Team-Pro S. A. L., Beirut

Tel. +96 11 24 90 88
e-mail: teampro@terra.net.lb
Fax +96 11 24 90 98
LITHUANIA
UAB Augrika, Vilnius

Tel. +37 0 52 64 06 00
e-mail: Tomast@augrika.lt
Fax +37 0 52 68 57 49
LUXEMBOURG
Hilger-Interfer, S.A., Howald

Tel. +35 24 84 81 51
e-mail: info@hilger.lu
462
Fax +73 2 72 49 65 60
Fax +35 24 84 84 23 50
Status 03/2006
Service / Contact
MALAYSIA
OMAN
Robert Bosch (SEA) Pte. Ltd.

Tel. +60 9 03 79 50 57 58 Fax +60 9 03 79 58 38 38
e-mail: sionglin@my.bosch.com
Technical Supplies Est., Wadi Al Kabir

Tel. +96 87 73 70 65
Fax +96 87 73 10 66
e-mail: mustafa@tseoman.com
MALTA
PAKISTAN
NVC Trading, Siggiewi

Tel. +35 6 21 46 53 84
Fax +35 6 21 46 23 37
e-mail: nicholas@nvctrading.com
Munaf International, Karachi

Tel. +92 2 17 77 43 83
Fax +92 2 17 73 38 26
e-mail: uniquebolts@hotmail.com
MAROKKO
PERU
OUTIPRO, Casa
Tel. +24 77 21 24 36 34
e-mail: outipro@elan.netma
Fax +24 77 21 40 82 34
Fixa S.A., Callad

Tel. +51 14 52 44 87
e-mail: xa@perusat.net.pe
Fax +51 14 52 16 88
MAZEDONIA
PHILIPPINES
Biondis International Trading, Sta Cruz - Manila

Tel. +63 27 42 80 54
Fax +63 27 42 90 56
e-mail: alex@biondis.com
MEXICO
Urrea Herramientas Profesionales S. A. de C. V., El Salto

Tel. +52 33 36 88 01 60
Fax +52 3 33 68 80 64 45
e-mail: jhornberger@urrea.net
Proset Mexicana S. A. de C. V., Tlalnepantla
Tel. +52 55 53 94 56 44
Fax +52 55 53 94 56 25
e-mail: ramirezzaragoza@hotmail.com
NETHERLANDS
scher Benelux B.V., Naarden

Tel. +31 03 56 95 66 66
Fax +31 03 56 95 66 99
e-mail: verkoop@scher.nl
NEW ZEALAND
Metabo Pty. Ltd., Scoresby

Tel. +61 3 97 65 01 99
Fax +64 13 97 65 01 89
e-mail: gwhitbourn@metabo.com.au
NORWAY
Brenna A/S, Oslo

Tel.: +47 22 60 62 95
e-mail: post@brenna.no
Status 03/2006
Fax: +47 22 56 87 69
E.C. Daughson, Inc., Chezon City

Tel. +63 29 27 35 70
e-mail: errex@mozcom.com
Fax +63 29 27 35 67
POLAND
scher Polska sp.z.o.o., Krakw

Tel. +48 1 22 90 08 80
Fax +48 1 22 90 08 88
e-mail: pawel.Turek@scherpolska.pl
PORTUGAL
Neoparts, Lisboa
Tel. +35 1 21 85 58 30 00
Fax +35 12 18 55 83 20
email: neoparts@neoparts.pt
QATAR
Gulf Incon W. L. L., Doha

Tel. +97 44 68 35 11
e-mail: ganesh@gulncon.com
8
Fax +97 44 68 40 65
ROMANIA
S.C. Prox S.R.L., Cluj-Napoca

Tel. +40 2 64 26 66 73
Fax +40 26 41 30 30 03
e-mail.: scher@xnet.ro
463
Service / Contact
RUSSIA
SOUTH AFRICA
Profmontech, Moskva
Tel. +70 9 59 55 28 05
e-mail: profmontech@mail.ru
Fax +70 9 59 55 28 06
Montech, Moskva
Tel. +70 9 51 05 35 35
e-mail: o.p@montech.ru
Fax +70 9 51 05 35 36
OOO Profstroikomplekt, Moskva

Tel. +70 9 51 87 17 36
Fax +70 9 57 60 54 50
e-mail: grand@egida.info
Zentr. Krepyoshnych Materialov, Moskva
Tel. +70 9 57 87 47 74
Fax +70 9 52 86 08 59
e-mail: zykon@scherwerke.ru
OOO AVIS, St. Petersburg
Tel. +78 1 27 71 15 65
e-mail: tarasov@cki.com.ru
Fax +78 1 23 27 04 67
Upat S.A. (Pty) Ltd., Troyeville

Tel. +27 1 16 24 67 00
Fax +27 1 14 02 68 07
e-mail: ideas@upat.co.za
SPAIN
scher Ibrica S.A., Mont-Roig del Camp

Tel. +34 9 77 83 87 11
Fax +34 9 77 83 87 70
e-mail: tacos@scher.es
SWEDEN
Essve Produkter AB, Ulricehamn

Tel. +46 86 23 61 00
e-mail: info@essve.se
Nordisk Kartro AB, Karlskoga
Tel. +46 8 57 89 30 00
e-mail: info@kartro.se
Fax +46 8 96 04 95
Fax +46 8 57 89 30 42
SWITZERLAND
SAUDI ARABIA
E.A. Juali & Brothers, Jeddah

Tel. +96 62 66 72 22
e-mail: roland@eajb.com.sa
Fax +96 6 26 67 63 08
SFS unimarket AG, Heerbrugg

Tel. +41 7 17 27 51 91
e-mail: ob@sfsunimarket.biz
Fax +41 7 17 27 54 99
SYRIA
SERBIA-MONTENEGRO

SINGAPUR
scher systems Asia Pte. Ltd., Singapore

Tel. +65 67 88 69 55
Fax +65 67 88 63 55
e-mail: enquiry@scherasia.com.sg
Patton Enterprise Pte. Ltd., Singapore

Tel. +65 68 42 75 22
Fax +65 68 42 76 22
e-mail: patton@singnet.com.sg
SLOVAKIA
in the area of responsibility from scher located in the

Czech Republic
Chahda for Trade, Damascus

Tel. +96 3 94 26 01 85
e-mail: buildsys@scs-net.org
Fax +96 31 12 11 26 04
TAIWAN
Speed United Corp., Taipei

Tel. +88 62 22 90 02 60
e-mail: allen@speedco.net
Fax +88 62 22 98 44 99
Yih Sui Metals & Tools Corp., Taipei

Tel. +88 62 25 92 25 76
Fax +88 62 25 95 46 75
e-mail: yihsui@ms37.hinet.net
THAILAND
Sri Siam Mongkol Co. Ltd., Bangkok

Tel. +66 22 25 00 78
Fax +66 22 25 39 88
e-mail: vinai@ssm.co.th
464
Status 03/2006
Service / Contact
TUNISIA
VENEZUELA
TEG Tunisienne quipement General, Tunis

Tel. +21 61 80 02 97
Fax +21 61 79 27 39
e-mail: habibsahnoun@tegnegoce.com
77 Fixing Systems C.A., Caracas

Tel. +58 21 25 76 63 08
Fax +58 21 29 19 81 62
TURKEY
Bosch Sanayi ve Ticaret A.S., Istanbul

Tel. +90 21 23 35 06 90
Fax +90 21 23 46 00 48
e-mail: murat.akhuy@tr.bosch.com
UKRAINE
scher xing systems Ltd., Kiev

Tel. +38 05 06 56 75 50
Fax +38 05 03 56 80 12
e-mail: maikl@scherwerke.com.ua
UNITED ARABIC EMIRATES
Al Naesar Trading, Dubai

Tel. +97 1 43 33 86 11
e-mail: antco@emirates.net.ae
Fax +97 1 43 33 93 70
Metallic Building Materials L. L. C., Dubai

Tel. +97 1 42 89 43 94
Fax +97 1 42 89 40 14
e-mail: mbmllco1@emirates.net.ae
USA
scher America Inc., Auborn Hills

Tel. +1 24 82 76 19 40
Fax +1 24 82 76 19 41
e-mail: ptrick@scherus.com
U.S. Anchor Corp., Pampano Beach FL
Tel. +1 95 47 82 22 21
Fax +1 95 47 82 24 99
e-mail: rboland@atc.ws
Jack Moore Assoc., Worcester MA
Tel. +1 50 88 53 39 91
Fax +1 50 87 93 98 64
e-mail: jmasales@quik-set.com
UZBEKISTAN
Serikum Group,Ltd., Taschkent

Tel. +99 87 11 44 33 57
e-mail: hodjaev@mail.ru
Status 03/2006
Fax +99 7 11 44 33 57
465
Notes
466
Status 03/2006
Design of anchors in accordance with the

CC-Method
Introduction ......................................................................... 470
Scope of application .......................................................... 470
Basic principles ................................................................... 471
Partial safety factors ......................................................... 472
Tension load ........................................................................ 472
Shear load ............................................................................ 476
Combined tension and shear load .................................. 480
Additional requirements to substantiate the

concrete components capacitiy .................................... 481
References ........................................................................... 482
Status 03/2006
467
Design of anchors in accordance with the CC-Method
Rather than individual parameters inuencing

the anchors performance, a combination of
these factors is decisive. This shall be emphasized in the following example. With anchors
installed with large axial spacings in high
strength concrete subjected to tensile loads,
normally steel failure occurs. Should the axial
spacing be reduced, in the rst instance no
noticeable eect occurs and the axial spacing
has no eect on the load bearing capacity.
However, when the axial spacing of adjacent
Figure 1a:
Fixings with substantial distance from the edge (all edge spacings
10 hef), that are covered by the CC-method
a)
b)
c)
Steel plate
Anchor
d)
468
In order to gain optimum performance of the

anchors and at the same time an economical
design, it is necessary to distinguish between
the load direction and mode of failure. The
CC-Method (Concrete Capacity-Method) introduced in the following is based on a proposal
in /1, 2/. It is described in detail in /3, 4/
and has been published in /5, 6/. Further discussion has taken place in a task group of the
CEB (Comit Euro-International du Bton) and
has been published in a Bulletin dInformation
/7/. The current discussions suggest that this
design concept will be internationally recognized und used. For this reason it is introduced
into the scher Technical Handbook.
2. Scope of application
The CC-method is recommended in the
scher Technical Handbook for all undercut,
torque-controlled steel expansion and resin
bonded anchors. It can be used for single
anchors, pairs and groups with 3, 4 or 6
anchors (xings with a substantial distance
from the edge) as well as for single anchors,
Figure 1b:
Fixings close to the edge ( edge spacing > 10 hef), that are covered
by the CC-method
c 2 < 10 hef
c1
< 10 h ef
The load bearing capacity of xings is inuenced by numerous parameters. The most
important of these is the concrete strength,
the spacing to adjacent anchors and to
free structural component edges and also
the condition of the anchor substrate (noncracked or cracked). Depending upon the
direction of the acting load (tension load,
shear load, combined tension and shear load),
the eect of these can vary greatly. So, for
example, the load capacity of anchors with
no edge inuence under axial tension load
may be reduced to a greater extent due to
cracks than with anchors subjected to shear
loading. On the other hand a free edge
has a greater eect on the capacity under
shear load than under axial tension load.
anchors becomes so small that the concrete

failure load due to the intersecting of the breakout cones regardless of the high strength concrete is less than the steel failure load, concrete
failure occurs due to the reduction of spacing.
c 1 < 10 h ef
1. Introduction
e)
Status 03/2006

pairs and groups of 4 anchors (xings close
to an edge). When at least one anchor has
an edge spacing of less than 10 times the
anchorage depth hef a close edge spacing
exists (compare gures 1a and 1b).
the load. For combined loading (tensile and

shear load) the design according to equation
(1) should be observed for both load directions (tensile and shear) and additionally, an
interaction equation must be used (equation
(11), (11a) or (11b)).
3. Basic principles
The design resistances of the capacity are calculated for axial tension (NRd) and for shear
load (VRd) for all modes of failure. They can
be calculated according to equation (3) from
the characteristic load bearing capacity (5%fractile) divided by the partial safety factors for
the material properties (Ms, Mc).
The design for the limit state of resistance

(load bearing capacity) can be done according
to the following equation:
Sd Rd
(1)
Where Sd is the value for the design action

and Rd is the value of the design resistance.
The load bearing capacity of the xing is sufcient if the design action is equal or lower
than the design resistance.
The design actions and the design resistance
can be calculated in accordance with equations (2) and (3).
S d = F S
Rd = Rk / M
(2)
(3)
Where:
S
= Action (axial tension or shear)
= Characteristic load bearing capaRk
city (5%-fractile) (e.g. characteristic
tensile capacity NRk or characteristic shear capacity VRk)
F
= Partial safety factor for the load
= Partial safety factor for the material
M
properties
With axial tension, Sd is the design action
NSd of the tensile load and with shear it is
the design action VSd of the shear load. The
design action of the tensile load (NSd) and
shear load (VSd) respectively can be calculated according to equation (2) by multiplying
the acting tensile load (N) and shear load (V)
respectively by the partial safety factor F for
Status 03/2006
The characteristic load bearing capacities

(5%-fractiles) are either given in the tables of
Annex B or they can be calculated using the
equations in the sections 5 and 6. The following characteristic load bearing capacities
must be observed:
Axial tension:
- Characteristic load bearing
steel failure
concrete failure
splitting
pull-out / pull-through
capacity at
NRk,s
capacity at
NRk,c
capacity at
NRk,sp
capacity at
NRk,p
Shear load:
- Characteristic load bearing capacity at
steel failure
VRk,s
concrete edge failure
VRk,c
pryout failure
VRk,cp
The proof of the local transmission of the anchor
loads to the concrete is delivered by equation
(1). The further transmission of the anchor
loads to the supports of the concrete element
must be proved additionally. Additional proof to
ensure the safety of the concrete member may
be necessary (compare section 8).
469

The tensile forces in the anchors shall be
calculated from the tensile and compressive
forces and the bending moments acting
on the anchor plate in accordance with
the theory of elasticity under the following
assumptions:
The steel plate has a sucient stiness
and is xed to the concrete or to a levelling
layer of mortar on its entire area.
All anchors have equal stiness. It should
be taken as the steel stiness.
The ratio of the moduli of elasticity of steel
and concrete is 7.
The shear forces in the anchors are calculated
under the assumption that all anchors contribute to the transmission of the shear loading
(exceptions compare sections 6).
The partial safety factors for the material properties depend upon the mode of failure. They
are given in the tables of Annex B.
5. Tension load
a) Steel failure
The characteristic load bearing capacity NRk,s
for steel failure is given in the tables of Annex
B. Should, within a group, the tensile load
act in an eccentric manner, the proof should
be provided for the anchor subjected to the
maximum load.
b) Concrete cone failure
The characteristic load bearing capacity NRk,c
for concrete cone failure is calculated in accordance with equation (5):
Where:
N0Rk,c = 7.2 fcc,150 hef1.5/1000 [kN]
(fcc,150 [N/mm2], hef [mm]) (5a)
4. Partial safety factors

In the latest standards for the design of
reinforced concrete elements, partial safety
factors are used instead of global factors /8/,
/9/. This method will be used for the design
of steel anchors. It allows for special considerations such as installation safety.
In absence of national regulations the following partial safety factors F for the load are
recommended:
F = 1.35 (dead load)
F = 1.50 (variable load)
A c,N
= surface area of idealised concrete

failure body for single anchors with
large axial and edge spacings subjected to axial tension (see gure
2)
Ac,N
= existing surface area of idealised

concrete failure body for single
anchors or groups (see gure 3)
(4a)
(4b)
A
N Rk ,c = N oRk ,c
470
A c,N
A oc,N
s,N ec1,N ec2,N re,N ucr,N
[kN]
(5)
Status 03/2006

s,N
= reduction factor to consider the

disturbance of radially symmetric
stress distribution due to one or
more edges
= 0.7 + 0.3 c/ccr,N
(5b)
1
c
ccr,N
= existing edge spacing; with inuence from more than one edge,
therefore, the smallest edge spacing must be used
= characteristic edge spacing (compare tables of Annex B)
eci,N = reduction factor to consider the

eccentricity of the resulting anchor
forces in relation to the anchors
centre of gravity
1
1
=
1 + 2 ei,N / scr,N
(5c)
(i=1,2)
ei,N
= eccentricity of the resulting anchor

forces in direction i, in relation
to the anchors centre of gravity
(i = 1,2) (see gure 4)
scr,N
= characteristic axial spacing (compare tables of Annex B)
re,N
= reduction factor taking into account

a negative inuence of dense reinforcement
h ef [mm]
1
= 0.5 +
200
(5d)
applications in concrete with
dense reinforcement
= 1.0
applications in non-reinforced
and normally reinforced concrete
ucr,N = factor for taking into account the

condition of the anchor substrate
(cracked or non-cracked concrete)
= 1.0
applications in cracked concrete
1.4
applications in non-cracked concrete (compare tables of Annex B)
Normally reinforced concrete is considered if the spacing s of the reinforcement is
s 150 mm independent of the diameter of
the reinforcement bar or s 100 mm for bar
diameters 10 mm.
Figure 2:
Idealised concrete cone surface area A0c,N for a single anchor with large axial and edge spacings subjected to a tension load
N
s cr,N
s cr,N
s cr,N
A 0c,N = s cr,N s cr,N
Status 03/2006
471

Figure 3:
Examples of existing surface areas of the idealised concrete failure cone for various positions of anchors under tensile load
N
.
c 1 0.5 s cr,N
s cr,N
Ac,N = (c1 + 0.5 s cr,N ) s cr,N

c1 ccr,N
a) Single anchor close to an edge

N
0.5. s cr,N
s cr,N
s1
0.5. s cr,N
Ac,N = (0.5 scr,N + s1 + 0,5 s cr,N ) s cr,N

s 1 s cr,N
b) Pair of anchors with large edge distances
0.5. s cr,N
c1
s1
0.5. s cr,N
s2
c2
c) Group of four anchors in a corner
Ac,N = (c1 + s1 + 0,5 s cr,N ) (c 2 + s2 + 0,5 s cr,N )

s 1 ; s 2 s cr,N und c1 ; c2 ccr,N
Equation (5) is to be used only for the anchors

within a group that are subjected to tensile
forces. If the tensile loaded anchors do not
show a rectangular pattern (e.g. with groups
under bi-axial bending) the group can be
resolved into a group with rectangular pattern
and the design value NRk,c can be calculated
in accordance with equation (5). This can be
explained by referring to gures 4c and 4d.
In the example shown in gure 4c the tensile
loaded anchors No. 2 - 6 do not show a rectangular pattern. Therefore, they are resolved
into a suitable rectangle.
472
The eccentricity of the resulting anchor forces

is calculated in relation to the centre of gravity
G of the rectangular group (anchor No. 1 - 6).
The same is valid for the example in gure 4d
where only the anchors No. 3, 5 and 6 are
tensile loaded. Again the eccentricity of the
resulant anchor forces is calculated in relation
to the centre of gravity G of the group resolved
into a rectangular pattern (anchor No. 2, 3, 5
and 6).
Status 03/2006

Figure 4:
Examples of anchors subjected to eccentric tension load
be replaced by the value in accordance with

equation (6).
e 1,N
When calculating the surface areas A0c,N

and Ac,N and also in the equations (5b) and
(5c) the spacings scr,N and ccr,N should be
replaced by the values scr,N = 2 cmax and
ccr,N = cmax respectively.
Neutral axis
2
3
x
G
L
Compression
zone
s2
a)
e 2,N = 0
0,5s1 0,5s1
M2
s1
s1
Neutral axis
2
N
Compression
zone
M1
b)
G x L
5
6
e 1,N
M2
c) Splitting failure
e 2,N
Splitting due to tensile forces needs only to be

considered, if the following conditions exist:
Neutral axis
1
c)
- Edge spacing c < 1.0 ccr,sp

(single anchors)
G x
M1
e 2,N
Compression
zone
e 1,N
M2
Neutral axis
2
N
Compression
zone
M1
d)
Compression
zone
e)
M2
L
6
e 1,N
M2
M1
e 2,N
Neutral axis
e 2,N = 0
The characteristic load bearing capacity

NRk,sp for splitting can be calculated in accordance with equation (7):
Where:
L
e 1,N
G Centre of gravity of the tensile

loaded anchors (possibly resolved
into a rectangular pattern)
L x Position Position of the resulting force
of the tensile loaded anchors
Tensile loaded anchor

Not-loaded anchor
- Edge spacing c < 1.5 ccr,sp

(groups of anchors)
Fixings inuenced by 3 or more edges with

an edge spacing cmax ccr,N (with cmax =
largest edge spacing) equation (5) produces
results on the safe side. For increased and
realistic results, when calculating the capacity N0Rk,cthe anchorage depth hef should
N0Rk,c , A0c,N , Ac,N , s,N , ec1,N , ec2,N ,

re,N , ucr,N in accordance with equation
(5), where scr, N and ccr,N are replaced by
scr, sp und ccr, sp (compare the tables of
Annex B).
h, sp = factor to consider the inuence of
the thickness h of the structural
component
=
h
2 hef
2/3
1.5
..............(7a)
with h = component thickness
h' ef =
c max
c cr,N
N Rk ,sp = N oRk ,c
Status 03/2006
(6)
ef
A c,N
A oc,N
A
s,N ec1,N ec2,N re,N ucr,N h,sp [kN]
(7)
473

6. Shear load
d) Pull-out /pull-through failure

0
The charcteristic load bearing capacity N Rk,p

for pull-out / pull-through is given in the tables
of Annex B. The characteristic capacity NRk,p
can be calculated by multiplying N0Rk,p with
factor ucr,p .
ucr,p = 1.0 applications in cracked concrete
1.0 applications in non-cracked
concrete (compare tables of Annex
B)
Should, within a group, the tensile load act
in an eccentric manner, the proof should be
provided for the anchor subjected to the maximum load.
e) Required proofs
The required proofs are given in table 1. The
proof for splitting is required only if the conditions in accordance with c) exist.
Where:
NSd
= Design action of the acting tensile
load
NhSd
= Design action on the acting tensile

load of an anchor subjected to the
maximum load within a group
NgSd
= Design action of the acting tensile

load of a group
a1) Steel failure without lever arm

The charcteristic load bearing capacity VRk,s
for steel failure without lever arm is given in
the tables of Annex B. For anchor groups this
should be reduced by a factor of 0.8 (exception: steel with a elongation at rupture 8%).
For eccentrically loaded anchors within the
group, the anchor subjected to the maximum
load within a group must be proven.
a2) Steel failure with lever arm
Bending of the anchor must be considered
when a non-loadbearing layer with a thickness > 3 mm immediately below the anchor
is available or when the clearance hole in the
attachement is larger than stipulated. The
maximum clearance hole can be found for
the respective anchor families in the Technical
Handbook, tables Anchor characteristics.
The characteristic load bearing capacity
VRk,s for steel failure with bending of the
anchor can be calculated in accordance with
equation (8):
VRk,s = M MRk,s / l
(8)
Where:
M
= factor to consider the restraint of
the anchor
= 1.0 for unrestricted rotation (compare gure 5a)
= 2.0 for complete restraint (compare
gure 5b)
Table 1:
Reqiured proofs for tensile loads
Single anchors
Groups of anchors
Steel failure
NSd NRk,s / Ms
NhSd NRk,s / Ms
Concrete cone failure
NSd NRk,c / Mc
NgSd NRk,c / Mc
Splitting failure
NSd NRk,sp / Mc
NgSd NRk,sp / Mc
Pull-out / pull-through failure
NSd NRk,p / Mc
NhSd NRk,p / Mc
474
Status 03/2006

= M0RK,s (1 - NSd / NRd,s)
[Nm]
M0Rk,s = compare the tables of Annex B
NSd
= design action of the acting tensile
load
MRk,s
NRd,s
= NRk,s / Ms
NRk,s
= compare the tables of Annex B
Ms
= compare the tables of Annex B
= lever arm of the acting shear load
Where:
dnom = nominal diameter of the anchor
(compare tables of Annex B)
lf
= eective anchor length (compare

tables of Annex B)
A0cV
= surface area of idealised concrete

failure body on the side surface
of the structural element for single
anchor with large axial spacing and
large spacings to further edges
(see gure 9)
= a3 + e1
a3
= 0.5 d
= diameter of the anchor bolt or

thread
= 4.5 c12
= distance between the acting shear

force and the surface of the concrete
With anchor groups NSd in equation (8a)
must be replaced by NhSd.
Ac,V
= existing surface area of idealised

concrete failure body on the side
surface of the structural element
(examples, see gure 10)
s,V
= factor to consider the disturbance

of the stress distribution through
further edges
c1
= edge spacing in direction of the

load
c2
= edge spacing perpendicular to the

load. In a narrow component the
least of the two edge spacings
should be used.
e1
b) Concrete edge failure
= 0.7 + 0.3 c2/(1.5 c1) 1
The characteristic load bearing capacity VRk,c

for concrete edge failure can be calculated in
accordance with equation (9):
(9b)
Figure 5:
Degree of anchor restraint
V Rk ,c = V oRk ,c
V oRk ,c
= 0.45
Status 03/2006
A c,V
A oc,V
s,V h,V ec,V V ucr,V
d nom
lf
d nom
0.2
f cc,150
c 11.5/1000
[kN]
(9)
[kN]
(9a)
475

h,V
= factor to consider the thickness of

structural component
= (1.5 c1 / h) 1
(9c)
= structural component thickness
ec,V
= factor to consider eccentricity of

the shear load (see gure 6)
1
1
=
1 + 2 eV / (3 c1)
(9d)
eV
= eccentricity of the resulting shear

forces, in relation to the anchors
centre of gravity
,V
= factor to consider the direction of

the shear load (see gure 7)
= 1.0
(9e)
(area1: 0 V 55)
= 1.0 / (cos V + 0.5 sin V)
(area2: 55 < V 90)
(9f)
= 2.0
(area3: 90 < V 180) (9g)
Figure 6:
Example for a xing subjected to eccentric shear load
Figure 7:
Denition of the angle V
ucr,V = factor to consider the conditions of

concrete and reinforcement
= 1.0 (cracked concrete without
edge reinforcement)
= 1.2 (cracked concrete with edge
reinforcement 12 mm)
= 1.4 (cracked concrete with edge
reinforcement 12 mm and stirrups with a spacing 10 cm or
welded reinforcement mesh 8
mm with a spacing 10 cm)
= 1.4 (non-cracked concrete)
For a pair of anchors perpendicular to an edge
in equation (9) the edge spacing c1 of the
anchor positioned in the closest proximity of
the edge is used. The same also applies for
determining the surface aera Ac,V. This also
applies to a group of four anchors where the
distance of the pair of anchors positioned
closest to the edge is applicable (see gure
10c). I. e. both pairs of anchors perpendicular
to the edge as well as groups of four anchors,
are designed under the assumption that the
shear load is taken by either one or a pair of
anchors positioned closest to the edge. Thus
consideration is given to the fact that due to
the clearance of the hole, not all anchors of
a group are loaded equally. In the worst case
only the anchor or anchors close to the edge
are loaded (see gure 8).
Figure 8:
Typical concrete edge failure due to anchors loaded unfavourably in
the attachments clearance holes (note: the clearance holes diameters have been exagerated)
476
Status 03/2006

Figure 9:
Idealised concrete failure body and surface area of a single anchor close to an edge with large axial and edge spacings for further edges
subjected to shear load
c1
~ 1.5 c1
'
~ 35
4.5 c 1 c 1
c1
~ 1.5c1
~ 3 c1
~ 35
~ 3 c1
A 0c,V = 3c1 1.5c1
Figure 10:
Examples of existing surface areas of the idealised concrete failure body for various positions of anchors under shear load
c1
~ 1,5 c1
'
4.5 c 1 c 1
a)
1.5 c1
Ac,V = (1.5c1 + c2) 1.5c1

c2 1.5c1
c2
1.5 . c1
c1
1.5 . c1
c1
~ 1,5 c1
s < 3 . c1
1.5 . c1
V
1.5 c1
c2
1.5 . c1
c1
s
V
1.5 . c1
1.5. c1
b)
Ac,V = (1.5c1 + s +1.5c1) 1.5c1
s 3c1
c1
c1
c)
1.5 c1
Status 03/2006
c2
Ac,V = (1.5c1 + s + c2) h

h 1.5c1
s 3c1
c2 1.5c1
1.5 . c1
c2
477

Fixings in narrow and thin structural components, where c2,max 1,5c1 (with c2,max =
largest edge spacing parallel to the load) and
a component thickness h 1,5c1 (see gure
11) equation (9) produces results on the safe
side. For increased and realistic results, when
calculating the surface areas A0c,V and Ac,V
and in equations (9a), (9b), (9c) and (9d) the
edge spacing c1 should be replaced by the
larger value of either c2,max /1,5 or h / 1,5.
VSd
c) Concrete failure on the opposing side of

the load application (pryout failure)
= Design action of the acting shear

load for single anchors
VhSd
= Design action of the acting shear

load of the anchor subjected to the
maximum load
VgSd
= Design action of all anchors within

a group subjected to shear load
VRk,cp = k NRk,c
to shear is taken. Additionally all anchors

of the group are considered regardless of
wether they are subjected to tensile load or
not.
d) Required proofs
The required proofs are given in table 2.
Where:
(10)
Where:
NRk,c
= characteristic load bearing capacity

for concrete failure in accordance
with equation (5)
k
= see tables in Annex B
With eccentric shear loads, when calculating
eci,N in accordance with equation (5b) the
eccentricity of the shear load in relation to
the centre of gravity of the anchors loaded
Figure 11:
7. Combined tension and shear load

For combined tension and shear load in addition to the proofs according to section 5 and
6, one of the following interaction equations
must be statised (see gure 12). Equation
(11a) is only valid if steel failure is decisive
for both, tension as well as shear load. The
equations (11) and (11b) are valid for any
mode of failure.
(NSd/NRd) + (VSd/VRd) 1.2
c2,1
c2,2
c1
(NSd/NRd)2 + (VSd/VRd)2 1.0
c2,1 1.5c1
c2,2 1.5c1
h
1.5c1
(11)
(11a)
(NSd/NRd)1.5 + (VSd/VRd)1.5 1.0 (11b)
Table 2:
Reqiured proofs for shear loads
Single anchors
Groups of anchors
Steel failure
VSd VRk,s / Ms
VhSd VRk,s / Ms
Concrete cone failure
VSd VRk,c / Mc
VgSd VRk,c / Mc
Concrete failure on the opposing side

of the load application (pryout failure)
VSd VRk,cp / Mc
VgSd VRk,cp / Mc
478
Status 03/2006

For the ratios NSd / NRd and VSd / VRd the
least value for the dierent modes of failure
must be used.
The conditions in accordance with equation

(12) can be disregarded if one of the following
requirements is statised:
Figure 12:
The shear force acting on the member due

to the design actions including those of the
anchors does not exceed 0.8 VRd1.
Interaction diagram for combined tension and shear load
N Sd / N Rd
equation (11a)
1.0
equation (11b)
equation (11)
0.2
V Sd / V Rd
0.2
1.0
The tensile force of an anchor respectively

the total sum of the tensile forces of an anchor
group due to the characteristic load, is less
than 30 kN, the spacing a between the outermost anchors of adjacent groups, or between
the outermost anchors of a group and single
anchors or between single anchors, statises
the following equations (13a) or (13b). NSk is
the tensile load of a single anchor subjected to
the characteristic load and NgSk is the sum of
the tensile loads of a group of anchors subjected to the characteristic load.
8. Additional requirements to substantiate the concrete components capacity
a 200 NSk (Single anchors)

(13a)
a 200 NgSk (Group of anchors) (13b)
The local transmission of the anchor loads

to the concrete is checked according to
CC-method. The transmission of the anchor
loads to the supports of the concrete member
should be given special consideration.
The anchor loads are taken up by a hanger

reinforcement, which encloses the tension
reinforcement and is anchored at the opposite
side of the concrete member. Its distance from
an individual anchor or the outermost anchors
of a group should be smaler than hef.
A) Shear resistance of the concrete member

In order to ensure that the shear resistance
of the concrete member is adequate, the
following proof is required. The shear forces
VSd,a induced in the concrete member by
anchor loads must not exceed the value in
accordance with equation (12).
VSd,a = 0.4 VRd1
(12)
VRd1 is calculated in accordance with /9/,

equation (6.4-8). When calculating the value
VSd,a the anchor shall be assumed as a point
load, with a width of load application equal to
the distance between the outermost anchors
of a group plus 2 times the anchorage depth.
Status 03/2006
If NSk or N0Sk exceeds 60 kN, then a suitable

hanger reinforcement must be provided.
Note:
The provisions given above are deduced for
concrete members without shear reinforcement. They are conservative for members
with shear reinforcement.
B) Resistance to splitting forces
The splitting forces caused by anchors should
be considered in the design of the concrete
member. This may be neglected if one of the
following conditions exist:
The load transfer area is in the compres-
479

sion zone of the concrete member.
Under the characteristic actions, the tensile force of single anchors or the total sum of
the tensile force of an anchor group must not
exceed 10 kN.
Subjected to the characteristic actions
the tensile force of a single anchor or the total
sum of the tensile force of a group of anchors,
is less than or equal to 30 kN. In addition for
anchorages in slabs and walls, a concentrated
reinforcement in both directions is present in
the region of the anchor. The area of the transverse reinforcement should be at least 60 %
of the longitudinal reinforcement required for
the actions due to anchor loads.
References
/2/ Eligehausen, R.: Bemessung von Befestigungen in Beton mit Teilsicherheitsbeiwerten

(Design of Fixings in Concrete Based on Partial Safety Factors). Bauingenieur 65 (1990),
S. 295-305 (in German)
/6/ European Organisation for Technical

Approvals (EOTA) (1994): Guideline for European Technical Approval of Anchors (Metal
Anchors) for Use in Concrete. Final Draft, Sept.
1994, Part 1: Anchors in General. Part 2: Torque
Controlled Expansion Anchors. Part 3:
Undercut Anchors. Annex A: Details of Tests.
Annex B: Tests for Admissible Service Conditions, Detailed Information. Annex C: Design
Method for Anchorages
/3/ Fuchs, W., Breen, J., Eligehausen, R.:

Concrete Capacity Design (CCD) Approach for
Fastening to Concrete. ACI-Structural Journal,
Vol. 92 (1995), No. 6, p. 794-802.
/7/ Comit Euro-International du Bton:

Design of Fastenings in Concrete, Draft CEB
Guide - Part 1-3. Bulletin dInformation 226,
Lausanne, 1995
/4/ Eligehausen, R., Malle, R.: Befestigunstechnik im Beton- und Mauerwerkbau

(Fastenings to Concrete and Masonry). Verlag
Ernst & Sohn, 2000 (in German)
/8/ Eurocode No. 2: Design of Concrete

Structures, Part 1: General Rules and Rules for
Building. Final Draft, December 1988.
/1/ Eligehausen, R.: Bemessung von Befestigungen - Zuknftiges Konzept. (Design of Fastenings with Steel Anchors - Future Concept).
Betonwerk + FertigteilTechnik, 1988, Heft 5,
S. 88-100 (in German and English).
/5/ Deutsches Institut fr Bautechnik, Berlin:

Bemessungsverfahren fr Dbel zur Verankerung im Beton (Design Concept for Anchors in
Concrete). Edition June 1993 (in German)
480
/9/ DIN V ENV 1992 Teil1-1, Eurocode 2,

Planung von Stahlbeton- und Spannbetontragwerken (Design of Reinforced Concreteand Prestressed Concrete Buildings), Edition
June 1992 (in German).
Status 03/2006
ce
gn in accordan
es for the desi
anchor valu
Characteristic
ethod
with the CC-M
FZA 22x125
FZA 22x100
FZA 18x80
M 16
FZA 14x60
M 16
FZA 12x50
M 12
A4 C
FZA 14x40
M 10
12x40
A4 C gvz
M8
A4 C gvz
FZA 10x40 FZA
M 10
gvz A4 C gvz
M8
M6
C gzv A4 C
A4 C gvz A4
250
gvz A4 C gvz
200
160
120
100
100
100
125
minimum thickness
100
100
[mm]
h min
80
cracked concrete
and
60
125
ed
minimum thickness
in non-crack
50
100
70
70
and edge distances
40
55
minimum spacings
40
45
[mm]
70
smin
40
110.0
minimum spacing
35
110.0 126.0
[mm]
c
59.0 126.0
1.50
46.4 40.6 67.4
minimum edge distances min
1.50 1.50 1.87
25.6
1.87
29.3
1.50
40.6
failure
1.50 1.50 1.87 1.50
29.3 25.6 46.4
tension load - steel
1.87 1.50 1.50 1.87
[kN] 16.1 14.1
NRk,s
1.50 1.87 1.50 1.50
1.50
1.87
77.5
1.50
load
55.4
[-] 1.50 1.87 1.50
Ms
39.7
50.3
25.8
safety factor
19.6
36.0
ull-through failure
14.0
25.8
14.0
16.7
tension load - pull-out/p
14.0
12.7
[kN]
9.1
concrete NRk,p
9.1
0.77
load in non-cracked
9.1
[kN]
NRk,p
0.89
load in cracked concrete
[-]
12/15 c
1.00
concrete factor C
[-]
C 16/20 c
1.10
[-]
C 20/25 c
1.22
[-]
C 25/30 c
1.41
[-]
C 30/37 c
1.48
[-]
C 40/50 c
1.55
[-]
C 45/55 c
1.50
[-]
C 50/60 c
125
100
[-]
Mp
80
60
380
safety factor
splitting
50
300
40
cone failure and
240
40
190
180
tension load - concrete
40
150
150
[mm]
120
hef
120
depth
120
90
380
e. anchorage
120
75
300
[mm]
60
scr,N
240
60
190
180
spacing concrete cone
60
150
150
[mm]
120
120
cone ccr,N
120
90
edge distance concrete
120
75
[mm]
60
scr,sp
60
1.54
spacing splitting
60
[mm]
ccr,sp
1.50
edge distance splitting
[-]
factor
ucr,N
55.0
62.8
non-cracked concrete
55.0
[-]
Mc
29.5 62.8
23.2 20.3 33.8
1.25 1.56 1.25
safety factor
1.25
12.8
arm
1.56
lever
14.7
23.0 20.3
failure without
1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25
shear load - steel
7.0 14.7 12.8
1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25
[kN] 8.0
VRk,s
1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56
232
1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25
266
load
232
[-] 1.25 1.56 1.25
Ms
105 91.6 266
1.56 1.25
safety factor
26.2 59.8 52.3
1.56 1.25 1.25
arm (bending)
1.56 1.25 1.25
59.8 52.3 30.0
failure with lever
1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25
shear load - steel
10.7 30.0 26.2
1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25
M0 Rk,s [Nm] 12.2
1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56
1.25
bending
1.25
1.56
[-] 1.25
2.0
Ms
safety factor
pryout-failure
1.3
concrete
1.50
shear load
[-]
k
125
factor
100
[-]
Mcp
80
22
60
safety factor
50
22
40
edge failure
18
40
14
shear load - concrete
40
12
[mm]
14
lf
12
1.50
e. length
10
dnom [mm]
e. diameter
[-]
Mc
safety factor
Table 1: Zykon
anchor FZA
Anchor type
Characteristic anchor values for the design

in accordance with the CC-Method
Table 1: Anchor bolt FAZ ........................................................... 484
of concrete member
Table 2: Bolt FBN (6 - 10)........................................................... 485

Table 3: Bolt FBN (12 - 20) ........................................................ 486
Table 4: EXA Express-anchor .................................................... 487
Table 5: Zykon anchor FZA........................................................ 488
Table 6: Zykon anchor FZA-D ................................................... 489
Table 7: Zykon anchor FZA-I ..................................................... 490
Table 8: Zykon hammerset anchor FZEA ............................... 491
Table 9: High performance anchor FH / FHA ........................ 492
Table 10: Heavy-duty anchor TA M............................................ 493
Table 11: Highbond anchor FHB II (M8 - M 12) ...................... 494
Table 12: Highbond anchor FHB II (M16 - M24) ..................... 495
Table 13: Resin anchor R (Eurobond) ........................................ 496
Table 14: Injection mortar FIS V / FIS VS ................................ 497
Table 15: Injection mortar FIS EM ............................................. 498
Table 16: UKA 3 Chemical anchor (M 8 - M 16) ..................... 499
Table 17: UKA 3 Chemical anchor (M 20 - M 30) .................. 500
Table 18: UPM 44 Chemical mortar .......................................... 501
Table 19: Long-shaft xing SXS ................................................ 502
B
Status 03/2006
481
Characteristic anchor values for the design in accordance

with the CC-Method
Table 1: Anchor bolt FAZ
Anchor type
FAZ II 8
gvz
FAZ 8
A4
C
FAZ II 10 FAZ 10
gvz
A4
C
minimum thickness of concrete member

minimum thickness
hmin [mm]
100
minimum spacings and edge distances in non-cracked concrete
50
40
minimum spacing
smin [mm] 40
for required edge distances for c [mm] 50
50
60
50
45
minimum edge distances
cmin [mm 40
for required spacing
for s [mm 100
50
80
minimum spacings and edge distances in cracked concrete
40
40
minimum spacing
smin [mm] 35
50
55
45
45
cmin [mm] 40
for s [mm] 70
60
80
tension load - steel failure
27.0
load
NRk,s [kN] 16.0 17.0 16.0
[-]
1.50 1.48 1.40
1.50
safety factor
Ms
tension load - pull-out/pull-through failure
12.5
17.7
load in non-cracked concrete NRk,p [kN] 10.8
NRk,p [kN] 9.0
8.7
14.0
[-]
concrete factor C 12/15 c
[-]
C 16/20 c
[-]
C 20/25 c
[-]
C 25/30 c
[-]
C 30/37 c
C 40/50 c
[-]
[-]
C 45/55 c
[-]
C 50/60 c
[-]
safety factor
Mp
tension load - concrete cone failure and splitting
[mm]
45
e. anchorage depth
hef
scr,N [mm]
140
edge distance concrete cone ccr,N [mm]
70
spacing splitting
scr,sp [mm] 140
160
180
ccr,sp [mm] 70
80
90
non-cracked concrete factor ucr,N [-]
[-]
safety factor
Mc
shear load - steel failure without lever arm
20.0
load
VRk,s [kN] 12.0 11.0 13.0
VRk,s [kN] 17.51) 11.01) 13.01) 28.01)
safety factor
Ms
[-]
1.25 1.25 1.50
1.25
shear load - steel failure with lever arm (bending)
58.0
bending
M0Rk,s [Nm] 26.0 23.0 26.0
[-]
1.25 1.25 1.50
1.25
safety factor
Ms
shear load - concrete pryout-failure
factor
k
[-]
2.0
2.0
1.0
2.2
[-]
safety factor
Mcp
shear load - concrete edge failure
e. length
lf
[mm]
45
8
e. diameter
dnom [mm]
[-]
safety factor
Mc
1)
FAZ II 12 FAZ 12
gvz
A4
C
120
FAZ II 16 FAZ 16
gvz
A4
C
140
170
FAZ 20
gvz A4
FAZ 24
gvz A4
200
250
55
70
55
120
50
70
55
110
65
100
65
150
60
95
65
150
75
120
85
165
95
200
130
245
100
200
200
100
120
200
150
270
125
250
250
125
55
70
55
90
45
70
55
110
65
75
65
100
60
95
65
150
75
100
65
175
95
160
100
220
100
200
200
100
120
165
120
220
125
250
250
125
27.0
1.48
25.0
1.40
22.0
14.3
41.5
1.50
39.0
1.48
37.0
1.40
66.0
1.50
26.6
20.0
28.0
20.9 21.1
0.77
0.89
1.00
1.10
1.22
1.41
1.48
1.55
1.50
43.5
28.2
60
180
90
70
210
105
73.0
1.66
74.0
1.40
40.0
28.2
43.0
34.0
310
155
100
300
150
300 360
150 180
85
260
130
65.0
50.3
71.0
50.0
125
380
190
380 450
190 225
210
105
18.0 20.0
18.01) 20.01)
1.25 1.50
29.5
41.01)
1.25
26.0 30.0
26.01) 30.01)
1.25 1.25
55.0
71.51)
1.25
45.0 55.0 52.0 77.0 86.0 123.0

45.01) 55.01) 52.01) 77.01) 86.01) 123.01)
1.25 1.50 1.25 1.26 1.50 1.56
47.0
1.25
92.0
1.25
82.0
1.25
233
1.25
191
1.25
2.0
60
10
2.4
2.0
1.50
70
12
1.50
92.0
1.50
260
130
51.0
36.0
220
110
52.0
1.50
250
125
1.54
1.50
95.0 100.0 128.0 166.0

1.50 1.51 1.40 1.87
2.8
233
1.50
389
1.25
409
1.26
606
1.50
786
1.56
2.0
85
16
100
20
125
24
These values are valid if the shank of the cone bolt is located in the shear joint at the concrete surface. Simplifying this can be supposed for a thickness of the xture 15 mm (size
M8), 20 mm (sizes M10 and M12) and respectively 25 mm (size M16) as well as a nominal useful length (tx,nom) of the used anchor type not exceeding 50 mm. In general the
relevant kind of failure (thread or shank) has to be dened by the designing engineer.
482
Status 03/2006

with the CC-Method
Table 2: Bolt FBN (6-10)
Anchor type
FBN 6
A4
FBN 8
hef = 35 mm *
gvz
fvz
A4
FBN 8
hef = 48 mm
gvz
fvz
A4
FBN 10
hef = 42 mm
gzv
fvz
A4
FBN 10
hef = 50 mm
gvz
fvz
A4
100
100
100
100

minimum thickness
hmin
[mm]
100

minimum spacing
smin [mm]
40
35
50
45
50
55
60
cmin [mm
35
35
45
50
35
55
60
65
55
50

load
NRk,s
[kN]
10.0
14.0
17.0
14.0
17.0
23.0
27.0
23.0
27.0
safety factor
Ms
[-]
1.61
1.48
1.58
1.48
1.58
1.48
1.58
1.48
1.58

load in non-cracked concrete NRk,p
[kN]
9.0
8.5
7.0
8.1
12.0
10.0
12.0
13.0
11.0
12.9
16.0
14.0

C 16/20 c
[-]
0.77
[-]
0.89
C 20/25 c
[-]
C 25/30 c
[-]
1.07
1.10
1.07
1.10
1.07
1.10
1.10
C 30/37 c
C 40/50 c
[-]
1.17
1.22
1.17
1.22
1.17
1.22
1.22
[-]
1.32
1.41
1.32
1.41
1.32
1.41
1.41
C 45/55 c
[-]
1.37
1.48
1.37
1.48
1.37
1.48
1.48
C 50/60 c
Mp
[-]
1.42
1.55
1.42
1.55
1.42
1.55
[-]
1.80
safety factor
16.3
1.00
1.80
1.50
1.80
1.80
1.50
1.80
1.80
1.50
1.55
1.80
1.80
1.50
1.80

e. anchorage depth
hef
[mm]
40
35
48
42
50
scr,N
[mm]
120
106
144
126
150
edge distance concrete cone ccr,N
[mm]
60
spacing splitting
scr,sp
[mm]
160
140
176
192
210
168
210
250
200
300
ccr,sp
[mm]
80
70
88
96
105
84
105
125
100
150
53
72
63
75

C 16/20 c
[-]
0.77
[-]
0.89
C 20/25 c
[-]
C 25/30 c
C 30/37 c
[-]
1.07
1.10
1.07
1.10
1.07
1.10
1.10
[-]
1.17
1.22
1.17
1.22
1.17
1.22
1.22
C 40/50 c
[-]
1.32
1.41
1.32
1.41
1.32
1.41
1.41
C 45/55 c
[-]
1.37
1.48
1.37
1.48
1.37
1.48
1.48
[-]
1.42
1.55
1.42
1.55
1.42
1.55
1.55
C 50/60 c
non-cracked concrete factor ucr,N
safety factor
Mc
1.00
[-]
[-]
1.40
1.80
1.80
1.50
1.80
1.80
1.50
1.80
1.80
1.50
1.80
1.80
1.50
1.80

load
VRk,s
[kN]
safety factor
Ms
[-]
7.5
11.0
12.6
11.0
12.6
17.0
20.0
17.0
20.0
45.0
52.0
45.0
52.0
1.50

bending
M0Rk,s [Nm]
safety factor
Ms
11.0
22.0
26.0
22.0
26.0
[-]
1.50

factor
[-]
1.0
safety factor
Mcp
[-]
1.50

e. length
lf
[mm]
40
35
48
42
50
e. diameter
dnom
[mm]
10
10
safety factor
Mc
[-]
1.50
* Use restricted to anchoring of structural components which are statically indeterminate.
Status 03/2006
483

with the CC-Method
Table 3: Bolt FBN (12-20)
Anchor type
FBN 12
hef = 50 mm
gvz
fvz
A4
FBN 12
hef = 70 mm
gvz
fvz
A4
FBN 16
hef = 64 mm
gvz
fvz
A4
FBN 16
hef = 84 mm
gvz
fvz
A4
FBN 20
140
130
170
200
gvz

minimum thickness
hmin
[mm]
100

minimum spacing
smin [mm]
100
65
75
80
140
90
cmin [mm
100
70
90
75
100
80
105
80
150
90
170

load
NRk,s
[kN]
33.0
40.0
33.0
40.0
55.0
69.0
55.0
69.0
101.0
safety factor
Ms
[-]
1.40
1.62
1.40
1.62
1.57
1.66
1.57
1.66
1.57
36.7
48.0

[kN]
17.8
15.0
17.8
25.0
23.0
25.0
25.0
21.0
25.3
35.0
32.0

C 16/20 c
[-]
0.77
[-]
0.89
C 20/25 c
[-]
C 25/30 c
[-]
1.10
1.10
1.10
1.10
1.10
C 30/37 c
C 40/50 c
[-]
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.22
[-]
1.41
1.41
1.41
1.41
1.41
C 45/55 c
[-]
1.48
1.48
1.48
1.48
1.48
C 50/60 c
Mp
[-]
1.55
1.55
1.55
1.55
[-]
1.50
1.50
safety factor
1.00
1.50
1.80
1.50
1.55
1.80
1.50

e. anchorage depth
hef
[mm]
50
70
64
84
100
scr,N
[mm]
150
210
192
252
300
[mm]
spacing splitting
scr,sp
[mm]
300
200
250
350
280
ccr,sp
[mm]
150
100
125
175
140
75
105
96
126
150
320
384
256
420
504
420
500
160
192
128
210
252
210
250

C 16/20 c
[-]
0.77
[-]
0.89
C 20/25 c
[-]
C 25/30 c
C 30/37 c
[-]
1.10
1.10
1.10
1.05
1.10
1.10
[-]
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.12
1.22
1.22
C 40/50 c
[-]
1.41
1.41
1.41
1.23
1.41
1.41
C 45/55 c
[-]
1.48
1.48
1.48
1.27
1.48
1.48
[-]
1.55
1.55
1.55
1.30
1.55
1.55
C 50/60 c
safety factor
Mc
1.00
[-]
1.40
[-]
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.80
1.50
1.80
1.50
40.0
47.1
40.0
47.1
67.0
1.26
1.50
1.26
1.50
1.31

load
VRk,s
[kN]
safety factor
Ms
[-]
27.0
26.3
27.0
26.3
1.50

bending
M0Rk,s [Nm]
safety factor
Ms
85.0
82.0
[-]
85.0
82.0
1.50
176
200
176
200
357
1.26
1.50
1.26
1.50
1.31

factor
[-]
safety factor
Mcp
[-]
1.0
2.0
1.50
e. length
lf
[mm]
50
70
64
84
100
e. diameter
dnom
[mm]
12
12
16
16
20
safety factor
Mc
[-]
1.50
* Use restricted to anchoring of structural components which are statically indeterminate.
484
Status 03/2006

with the CC-Method
Table 4: EXA Express-anchor
Anchor type
EXA 8
EXA 10
EXA 12
EXA 16
EXA 20
gvz
gvz
gvz
gzv
gvz
100
100
135
170
205

minimum thickness
hmin
[mm]

minimum spacing
smin [mm]
45
50
75
85
105
cmin [mm
40
65
90
90
100

load
NRk,s
[kN]
23.0
35.0
48.0
62.0
108.0
safety factor
Ms
[-]
1.48
1.44
1.40
1.57
1.57
11.2
17.7
27.0
39.5
52.7

[kN]
[-]
0.77
C 16/20 c
[-]
0.89
C 20/25 c
C 25/30 c
[-]
1.00
[-]
1.10
C 30/37 c
C 40/50 c
C 45/55 c
[-]
[-]
1.22
1.41
[-]
1.48
C 50/60 c
[-]
safety factor
Mp
1.55
[-]
1.80
1.50

e. anchorage depth
hef
[mm]
47
49
67
85
103
scr,N
[mm]
142
148
202
256
310
[mm]
71
74
101
128
155
spacing splitting
scr,sp
[mm]
280
340
430
430
520
ccr,sp
[mm]
140
170
215
215
260

safety factor
Mc
[-]
1.40
[-]
1.80
1.50

load
VRk,s
[kN]
safety factor
Ms
[-]
13.0
19.0
23.0
51.0
1.50
75.0
1.31

bending
M0Rk,s [Nm]
safety factor
Ms
27.0
50.0
[-]
85.0
183.0
1.50
357.0
1.31

factor
[-]
safety factor
Mcp
[-]
1.0
2.0
1.50

e. length
lf
[mm]
47
49
67
85
103
e. diameter
dnom
[mm]
10
12
16
20
safety factor
Mc
[-]
1.50
B
Status 03/2006
485

with the CC-Method
Table 5: Zykon anchor FZA
Anchor type
FZA 10x40 FZA 12x40

FZA 14x40
FZA 12x50
FZA 14x60
FZA 18x80
M6
M8
M 10
M8
M 10
M 12
gvz A4 C gvz A4 C gvz A4 C gzv A4 C gvz A4 C gvz A4 C
FZA 22x100
M 16
gvz A4 C
FZA 22x125
M 16
gvz A4 C

minimum thickness
hmin
[mm]
100
100
100
100
120
160
200
250
minimum spacings and edge distances in non-cracked and cracked concrete

minimum spacing
smin
[mm]
40
40
70
50
60
80
100
125
cmin
[mm]
35
40
70
45
55
70
100
125

load
NRk,s
safety factor
Ms
[kN] 16.1
14.1
29.3
25.6
46.4
40.6
29.3
25.6
46.4
40.6
67.4
59.0
126.0
110.0
126.0
110.0
[-] 1.50 1.87 1.50 1.50 1.87 1.50 1.50 1.87 1.50 1.50 1.87 1.50 1.50 1.87 1.50 1.50 1.87 1.50 1.50 1.87 1.50 1.50 1.87 1.50

[kN]
14.0
14.0
14.0
19.6
25.8
39.7
55.4
77.5
[kN]
9.1
9.1
9.1
12.7
16.7
25.8
36.0
50.3
NRk,p

C 16/20 c
[-]
0.77
[-]
0.89
C 20/25 c
[-]
1.00
C 25/30 c
C 30/37 c
[-]
1.10
[-]
1.22
C 40/50 c
[-]
1.41
C 45/55 c
C 50/60 c
[-]
1.48
[-]
1.55
[-]
1.50
safety factor
Mp

e. anchorage depth
hef
[mm]
40
40
40
50
60
80
100
125
scr,N
[mm]
120
120
120
150
180
240
300
380
[mm]
60
60
60
75
90
120
150
190
spacing splitting
scr,sp
[mm]
120
120
120
150
180
240
300
380
ccr,sp
[mm]
60
60
60
75
90
120
150
190

safety factor
Mc
[-]
1.54
[-]
1.50

load
VRk,s
safety factor
Ms
[kN] 8.0
7.0
14.7
12.8
23.0
20.3
14.7
12.8
23.2
20.3
33.8
29.5
62.8
55.0
62.8
55.0
[-] 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25

bending
M0Rk,s [Nm] 12.2
safety factor
Ms
10.7
30.0
26.2
59.8
52.3
30.0
26.2
59.8
52.3
105
91.6
266
232
266
232
[-] 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25

factor
[-]
safety factor
Mcp
[-]
1.3
2.0
1.50

e. length
lf
[mm]
40
40
40
50
60
80
100
125
e. diameter
dnom
[mm]
10
12
14
12
14
18
22
22
safety factor
Mc
[-]
1.50
B
486
Status 03/2006

with the CC-Method
Table 6: Zykon anchor FZA-D
Anchor type
FZA 12x50
M8D
gvz A4 C
FZA 12x60
FZA 12x80
FZA 14x80
M8D
M8D
M 10 D
gvz A4 C gvz A4 C gzv A4 C
FZA 14x100 FZA 18x100 FZA 18x130

M 10 D
M 12 D
M 12 D
gvz
A4 gvz A4 C gvz A4 C
FZA 22x125
M 16 D
gvz
A4

minimum thickness
hmin
[mm]
100
100
100
120
120
160
160
200

minimum spacing
smin
[mm]
40
50
50
60
60
80
80
100
cmin
[mm]
35
45
45
55
55
70
70
100

load
NRk,s
safety factor
Ms
[kN] 29.3
25.6
29.3
25.6
29.3
25.6
46.4
40.6
46.4
40.6 67.4
[-] 1.50 1.87 1.50 1.50 1.87 1.50 1.50 1.87 1.50 1.50 1.87 1.50 1.50
59.0
67.4
59.0
126.0 110.0
1.87 1.50 1.87 1.50 1.50 1.87 1.50 1.50
1.87

[kN]
14.0
19.6
19.6
25.8
25.8
39.7
39.7
55.4
[kN]
9.1
12.7
12.7
16.7
16.7
25.8
25.8
36.0
NRk,p

C 16/20 c
[-]
0.77
[-]
0.89
C 20/25 c
[-]
1.00
C 25/30 c
C 30/37 c
[-]
1.10
[-]
1.22
C 40/50 c
[-]
1.41
C 45/55 c
C 50/60 c
[-]
1.48
[-]
1.55
[-]
1.50
safety factor
Mp

e. anchorage depth
hef
[mm]
40
50
50
60
60
80
80
100
scr,N
[mm]
120
150
150
180
180
240
240
300
[mm]
60
75
75
90
90
120
120
150
spacing splitting
scr,sp
[mm]
120
150
150
180
180
240
240
300
ccr,sp
[mm]
60
75
75
90
90
120
120
150

safety factor
Mc
[-]
1.54
[-]
1.50

load
VRk,s
safety factor
Ms
[kN] 21.3
17.8
21.3
17.8
21.3
17.8
29.8
25.4
29.8
25.4 46.3
[-] 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25
75.3
64.1
1.56 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25
38.7
46.3
38.7
1.56

bending
M0Rk,s [Nm] 92.4
safety factor
Ms
61.4
92.4
61.4
92.4
61.4
150
100
150
100
[-] 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25
581
390
1.56 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25
306
203
306
203
1.56

factor
[-]
safety factor
Mcp
[-]
1.3
2.0
1.50

e. length
lf
[mm]
40
50
50
60
60
80
80
100
e. diameter
dnom
[mm]
12
12
12
14
14
18
18
22
safety factor
Mc
[-]
1.50
B
Status 03/2006
487

with the CC-Method
Table 7: Zykon anchor FZA-I
Anchor type
FZA 12x40 M 6 I
gvz 1)
FZA 12x50 M 6 I
A4 2)
A4 2)
FZA 14x60 M 8 I
gvz 1)
FZA 18x80 M 10 I FZA 22x100 M 12 I FZA 22x125 M 12 I
A4 2)
gvz 1)
A4 2)
gvz 1)
A4
gvz 1)
A4 2)

minimum thickness
hmin
[mm]
100
100
120
160
200
250

minimum spacing
smin
[mm]
40
50
60
80
100
125
cmin
[mm]
35
45
55
70
100
125

load
NRk,s
[kN]
17.2
13.5
13.5
22.9
17.9
26.9
22.7
63.0
53.1
63.0
53.1
safety factor
Ms
[-]
1.75
1.80
1.80
1.75
1.80
2.00
1.80
2.00
1.80
2.00
1.80

[kN]
14.0
19.6
25.8
39.7
55.4
77.5
[kN]
9.1
12.7
16.7
25.8
36.0
50.3
NRk,p
[-]
0.77
C 16/20 c
C 20/25 c
[-]
0.89
[-]
1.00
C 25/30 c
[-]
1.10
C 30/37 c
C 40/50 c
[-]
1.22
[-]
1.41
C 45/55 c
[-]
1.48
C 50/60 c
[-]
1.55
[-]
1.50
safety factor
Mp

e. anchorage depth
hef
[mm]
40
50
60
80
100
125
scr,N
[mm]
120
150
180
240
300
380
[mm]
60
75
90
120
150
190
spacing splitting
scr,sp
[mm]
120
150
180
240
300
380
ccr,sp
[mm]
60
75
90
120
150
190

safety factor
Mc
[-]
1.54
[-]
1.50

load
VRk,s
[kN]
safety factor
Ms
[-]
8.6
6.7
6.7
1.50
11.4
1.50
9.0
1.50
13.4
11.3
31.5
26.6
31.5
26.6
1.70
1.50
1.70
1.50
1.70
1.50
59.8
52.3
105
91.6
105
91.6
1.70
1.50
1.70
1.50
1.70
1.50

bending
M0Rk,s [Nm]
safety factor
Ms
[-]
12.2
10.7
10.7
1.50
1.50
30.0
26.2
1.50

factor
[-]
safety factor
Mcp
[-]
1.3
2.0
1.50

e. length
lf
[mm]
40
50
60
80
100
125
e. diameter
dnom
[mm]
12
12
14
18
22
22
safety factor
Mc
[-]
1)
2)
1.50
The values apply to screws with a strength classification 8.8

The values apply to screws with a strength classification A4 - 70
B
488
Status 03/2006

with the CC-Method
Table 8: Zykon hammerset anchor FZEA
Anchor type
FZEA 10x40 M 8
gvz 1)
FZEA 12x40 M 10
A4 2)
gvz 1)
A4 2)
FZEA 14x40 M 12
gvz 1)
A4 2)

minimum thickness
hmin
[mm]
100
100
100

minimum spacing
smin
[mm]
40
40
40
cmin
[mm]
40
40
40

load
NRk,s
[kN]
18.0
17.4
21.5
22.7
26.2
27.7
safety factor
Ms
[-]
1.53
1.83
1.50
1.83
1.50
1.83

[kN]
14.0
14.0
14.0
[kN]
9.1
9.1
9.1
NRk,p
[-]
0.77
C 16/20 c
C 20/25 c
[-]
0.89
[-]
1.00
C 25/30 c
[-]
1.10
C 30/37 c
C 40/50 c
[-]
1.22
[-]
1.41
C 45/55 c
[-]
1.48
C 50/60 c
[-]
1.55
[-]
1.50
safety factor
Mp

e. anchorage depth
hef
[mm]
40
40
40
scr,N
[mm]
120
120
120
[mm]
60
60
60
spacing splitting
scr,sp
[mm]
120
120
120
ccr,sp
[mm]
60
60
60

safety factor
Mc
[-]
1.54
[-]
1.50

load
VRk,s
[kN]
9.0
8.7
10.7
11.4
13.1
13.9
safety factor
Ms
[-]
1.27
1.52
1.24
1.52
1.24
1.52

bending
M0Rk,s [Nm]
30.0
21.1
59.8
42.1
92.1
73.7
safety factor
Ms
1.27
1.52
1.24
1.52
1.24
1.52
[-]

factor
[-]
1.0
safety factor
Mcp
[-]
1.50

e. length
lf
[mm]
40
40
40
e. diameter
dnom
[mm]
10
12
14
safety factor
Mc
[-]
1)
2)
1.50

The values apply to screws with a strength classification A4 - 70
B
Status 03/2006
489

with the CC-Method
Table 9: High performance anchor FH / FHA
Anchor type
FH 10
gvz
A4
FH 12
gvz
A4
FH 15
gvz
A4
FH 18x80
gzv
FH 18x100
gvz
A4
FH 24
gvz
FHA 28
gvz
A4
FHA 32
gvz
A4
130
140
160
200
250
250
300

minimum thickness
hmin
[mm]
100

minimum spacing
smin [mm]
50
60
70
80
80
125
125
170
for required edge distances for c [mm]
100
120
190
240
200
125
250
340
cmin [mm
50
60
80
80
80
125
250
340
for s [mm
100
100
180
240
240
125
125
170

minimum spacing
smin [mm]
50
60
70
80
80
125
120
190
--
240
200
125
cmin [mm
50
60
80
80
80
125
for s [mm
100
100
180
240
240
125
14.1
29.0
25.6
46.0
40.6
67.0
67.0
59.0
125.0
196.0 171.5 282.4 247.1
1.87
1.50
1.87
1.50
1.87
1.50
1.50
1.87
1.50
1.50

load
NRk,s
safety factor
Ms
[kN] 16.0
[-]
1.50
1.87
1.50
1.87

[kN]
[kN]
NRk,p
14.3
8.0
17.4
-
14.6
27.0
-
19.0
38.1
-
25.8
38.1
30.0
[-]
0.77
C 16/20 c
[-]
0.89
C 20/25 c
C 25/30 c
[-]
1.00
[-]
1.10
C 30/37 c
[-]
1.22
C 40/50 c
[-]
1.41
C 45/55 c
C 50/60 c
[-]
1.48
safety factor
Mp
[-]
77.0
77.5
95.7
50.0
1.55
[-]
1.50
1.80

e. anchorage depth
hef
[mm]
50
60
70
80
100
125
125
170
scr,N
[mm]
150
180
210
240
300
380
380
510
[mm]
75
90
105
120
150
190
190
255
spacing splitting
scr,sp
[mm]
250
300
350
400
500
626
750
1020
ccr,sp
[mm]
125
150
175
200
250
313
375
510

safety factor
Mc
[-]
1.54
[-]
1.50
1.80

load
VRk,s
safety factor
Ms
[kN] 13.5
[-]
1.25
16.5
23.8
24.5
38.0
40.0
56.0
56.0
59.0
117.0
142.0 132.0 192.0 175.0
2.20
1.25
2.20
1.25
2.20
1.25
1.25
2.20
1.25
1.25
2.40
1.25
2.40

bending
M0Rk,s [Nm] 12.2
10.7
30.0
26.2
59.8
52.3
105
105
91.7
266
519
454
898
785
safety factor
Ms
1.56
1.25
1.56
1.25
1.56
1.25
1.25
1.56
1.25
1.25
1.56
1.25
1.56
[-]
1.25

factor
[-]
safety factor
Mcp
[-]
1.0
2.0
1.50
e. length
lf
[mm]
15
15
19
23
43
53
60
100
e. diameter
dnom
[mm]
10
12
15
18
18
24
28
32
safety factor
Mc
[-]
490
1.50
Status 03/2006

with the CC-Method
Table 10: Heavy-duty anchor TA M
Anchor type
TA M 6
TA M 8
TA M 10
TA M 12
gvz 1)
gvz 1)
gvz 1)
gvz 1)
100
100
110
140

minimum thickness
hmin
[mm]

minimum spacing
smin
[mm]
80
90
110
160
cmin
[mm]
50
60
70
120
16.1
29.3
46.4
67.4
20.0
27.0

load
NRk,s
[kN]
safety factor
Ms
[-]
1.50

[kN]
8.9
13.6
[-]
0.77
C 16/20 c
[-]
0.89
C 20/25 c
C 25/30 c
[-]
1.00
[-]
1.10
C 30/37 c
[-]
1.22
C 40/50 c
C 45/55 c
[-]
1.41
[-]
1.48
C 50/60 c
[-]
1.55
[-]
1.50
safety factor
Mp

e. anchorage depth
hef
[mm]
40
45
55
70
scr,N
[mm]
120
136
166
210
[mm]
60
68
83
105
spacing splitting
scr,sp
[mm]
120
180
330
420
ccr,sp
[mm]
60
90
165
210
19.2
29.8
60.0
105

safety factor
Mc
[-]
1.40
[-]
1.50

load
VRk,s
[kN]
safety factor
Ms
[-]
5.8
11.7
1.25

bending
M0Rk,s [Nm]
safety factor
Ms
12.0
30.0
[-]
1.25

factor
[-]
safety factor
Mcp
[-]
1.1
1.8
2.0
1.50

e. length
lf
[mm]
40
45
55
70
e. diameter
dnom
[mm]
10
12
15
18
safety factor
Mc
[-]
1)
1.50
B
Status 03/2006
491

with the CC-Method
Table 11: Highbond anchor FHB II (M8 - M12)
Anchor type
FHB II 8x60
gvz
A4
FHB II 10x60
C
gvz
A4
FHB II 10x95
C
gvz
A4
FHB II 12x75
C
gvz
A4
FHB II 12x120
C
gvz
A4

minimum thickness
hmin
[mm]
100
100
140
120
170

minimum spacing
smin [mm]
40
40
40
40
50
cmin [mm
40
40
40
40
50
21.9
21.9
34.4
34.4
49.8

load
NRk,s
[kN]
safety factor
Ms
[-]
1.50

[kN]
not decisive
[kN]
not decisive
[-]
0.77
C 16/20 c
C 20/25 c
[-]
0.89
[-]
1.00
C 25/30 c
[-]
1.10
C 30/37 c
C 40/50 c
[-]
1.22
[-]
1.41
C 45/55 c
[-]
1.48
C 50/60 c
[-]
1.55
[-]
safety factor
NRk,p
Mp

e. anchorage depth
hef
[mm]
60
60
95
75
120
scr,N
[mm]
180
180
285
225
360
[mm]
90
90
143
113
180
spacing splitting
scr,sp
[mm]
300
300
470
300
600
ccr,sp
[mm]
150
150
235
150
300

safety factor
Mc
[-]
1.40
[-]
1.50

load
VRk,s
[kN]
safety factor
Ms
[-]
13.2
14.6
18.8
23.2
20.8
23.2
27.3
33.7
30.3
33.7

bending
M0Rk,s [Nm]
safety factor
Ms
30.0
60.0
60.0
105.0
105.0
[-]

factor
[-]
2.0
safety factor
Mcp
[-]
1.50

e. length
lf
[mm]
60
60
95
75
112
e. diameter
dnom
[mm]
10
10
12
12
14
safety factor
Mc
[-]
1.50
B
492
Status 03/2006

with the CC-Method
Table 12: Highbond anchor FHB II (M16 - M24)
Anchor type
FHB II 16x95
gvz
A4
FHB II 16x160
C
gvz
A4
FHB II 20x210
C
gvz
A4
FHB II 24x170
C
gvz
A4

minimum thickness
hmin
[mm]
150
220
280
240

minimum spacing
smin [mm]
50
70
90
80
cmin [mm
50
70
90
80
61.6
96.6
137.6
128.5

load
NRk,s
[kN]
safety factor
Ms
[-]
1.50

[kN]
not decisive
[kN]
not decisive

C 16/20 c
[-]
0.77
[-]
0.89
C 20/25 c
[-]
1.00
C 25/30 c
[-]
1.10
C 30/37 c
C 40/50 c
[-]
1.22
[-]
1.41
C 45/55 c
[-]
1.48
C 50/60 c
[-]
1.55
[-]
safety factor
NRk,p
Mp

e. anchorage depth
hef
[mm]
95
160
210
170
scr,N
[mm]
285
480
630
510
[mm]
143
240
315
255
spacing splitting
scr,sp
[mm]
340
580
630
510
ccr,sp
[mm]
170
290
315
255

safety factor
Mc
[-]
1.40
[-]
1.50

load
VRk,s
[kN]
safety factor
Ms
[-]
50.8
62.7
56.3
62.7
87.9
97.9
114.2
124.5
141.0
1.25

bending
M0Rk,s [Nm]
safety factor
Ms
266.0
266.0
[-]
519.0
896.0
1.25

factor
[-]
2.00
safety factor
Mcp
[-]
1.50

e. length
lf
[mm]
95
144
200
170
e. diameter
dnom
[mm]
16
18
25
25
safety factor
Mc
[-]
1.50
B
Status 03/2006
493

with the CC-Method
Table 13: Resin anchor R (Eurobond)
Anchor type
RM8
R M 10
R M 12
R M 16
R M 20
RG M 8
RG M 10
RG M 12
RG M 16
RG M 20
gvz A4 C gvz A4 C gvz A4 C gzv A4 C gvz A4 C
R M 24
RG M 24
gvz A4 C
R M 27
RG M 27
gvz A4 C
R M 30
RG M 30
gvz A4 C

minimum thickness
hmin
[mm]
130
140
160
175
220
260
300
330

minimum spacing
smin
[mm]
40
45
55
65
85
105
125
140
cmin
[mm]
40
45
55
65
85
105
125
140

load
NRk,s
safety factor
Ms
[kN] 19.0 25.6 30.2 40.6 43.8 59.0 81.6 109.9 127.4
171.5
183.6

Mp
safety factor
247.1
238.7
321.3
291.7
392.7
[-] 1.49 1.87 1.50 1.49 1.87 1.50 1.49 1.87 1.50 1.49 1.87 1.50 1.49 1.87 1.50 1.49 1.87 1.50 1.49 1.87 1.50 1.49 1.87 1.50
[kN]
Pull-out/p
[-]
ull-through
failure is no
t decisive!

load in non-cracked concrete N0Rk,c [kN]
15.0
21.1
31.0
47.0
79.9
118.4
156.4
153.3
scr,N
[mm]
160
180
220
250
340
420
500
560
[mm]
80
90
110
125
170
210
250
280
spacing splitting
scr,sp
[mm]
240
270
330
380
510
630
750
840
ccr,sp
[mm]
120
135
165
190
255
315
375
420

C 16/20 c
[-]
0.70
[-]
0.85
C 20/25 c
[-]
C 25/30 c
[-]
1.03
1.01
1.04
C 30/37 c
C 40/50 c
[-]
1.07
1.03
1.10
[-]
1.14
1.07
1.21
C 45/55 c
[-]
1.17
1.09
1.26
C 50/60 c
[-]
1.20
1.10

safety factor
Mc
1.00
1.30
[-]
1.40
[-]
1.80

load
VRk,s
safety factor
Ms
[kN] 9.5
12.8 15.1 20.3 21.9 29.5 40.8 55.0
63.7
85.8
91.8
123.6
119.3
160.7
145.9
196.4
[-] 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25

bending
M0Rk,s [Nm] 19.5 26.2 38.9 52.3 68.1 91.7
safety factor
Ms
173
233
338
454
584
786
866
1165
1170
1574
[-] 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25

factor
[-]
2.0
safety factor
Mcp
[-]
1.50

e. length
lf
[mm]
80
90
110
125
170
210
250
280
e. diameter
dnom
[mm]
10
12
14
18
25
28
32
35
safety factor
Mc
[-]
1.50
B
494
Status 03/2006

with the CC-Method
Table 14: Injection mortar FIS V / FIS VS
Anchor type
FIS V
FIS V
FIS V
FIS V
FIS V
FIS A M 6
RG M 8
RG M 10
RG M 12
RG M 16
gvz A4 C gvz A4 C gvz A4 C gzv A4 C gvz A4 C
FIS V
RG M 20
gvz A4 C
FIS V
RG M 24
gvz A4 C
FIS V
RG M 30
gvz A4 C

minimum thickness
hmin
[mm]
100
110
120
140
165
220
270
350

minimum spacing
smin
[mm]
40
40
45
55
65
85
105
140
cmin
[mm]
40
40
45
55
65
85
105
140

load
NRk,s
safety factor
Ms
[kN] 10.5
14.1
19.0
25.6
30.2
40.6
43.8
59.0
81.6 109.9 127.4

Mp
safety factor
171.5
183.6
247.1
291.7
392.7
[-] 1.49 1.87 1.50 1.49 1.87 1.50 1.49 1.87 1.50 1.49 1.87 1.50 1.49 1.87 1.50 1.49 1.87 1.50 1.49 1.87 1.50 1.49 1.87 1.50
[kN]
Pull-out/p
[-]
ull-through
failure is no
t decisive!

7.3
12.9
18.1
26.6
40.4
54.9
81.4
101.8
scr,N
[mm]
120
160
180
220
250
340
420
560
[mm]
60
80
90
110
125
170
210
280
spacing splitting
scr,sp
[mm]
120
220
240
330
420
420
520
560
ccr,sp
[mm]
60
110
120
165
210
210
260
280

C 16/20 c
[-]
0.70
[-]
0.85
C 20/25 c
[-]
C 25/30 c
[-]
1.01
1.02
C 30/37 c
C 40/50 c
[-]
1.03
1.06
[-]
1.06
1.12
C 45/55 c
[-]
1.07
1.15
C 50/60 c
[-]
1.08

safety factor
Mc
1.00
1.17
[-]
1.40
[-]
1.80

load
VRk,s
safety factor
Ms
[kN] 5.2
7.0
9.5
12.8
15.1
20.3
21.9
29.5
40.8
55.0
63.7
85.8
91.8
123.6
145.9
196.4
[-] 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25

bending
M0Rk,s [Nm] 7.9
safety factor
Ms
10.7
19.5
26.2
38.9
52.3
68.1
91.7
173
233
338
454
584
786
1170
1574
[-] 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25

factor
[-]
2.0
safety factor
Mcp
[-]
1.50

e. length
lf
[mm]
60
80
90
110
125
170
210
280
e. diameter
dnom
[mm]
10
12
14
18
24
28
35
safety factor
Mc
[-]
1.50
B
Status 03/2006
495

with the CC-Method
Table 15: Injection mortar FIS EM
Anchor type
FIS EM
RG M 8
gvz A4 C
FIS EM
RG M 10
gvz A4 C
FIS EM
RG M 12
gzv A4 C
FIS EM
RG M 16
gvz A4 C
FIS EM
RG M 20
gvz A4 C
FIS EM
RG M 24
gvz A4 C
FIS EM
RG M 30
gvz A4 C
120
140
165
220
270
350

minimum thickness
hmin
[mm]
110

minimum spacing
smin
[mm]
40
45
55
65
85
105
140
cmin
[mm]
40
45
55
65
85
105
140

load
NRk,s
safety factor
Ms
[kN] 19.0
[-]
25.6
30.2
40.6
43.8
59.0
81.6
109.9
127.4

Mp
safety factor
171.5
183.6
247.1
291.7
392.7
1.49 1.87 1.50 1.49 1.87 1.50 1.49 1.87 1.50 1.49 1.87 1.50 1.49 1.87 1.50 1.49 1.87 150 1.49 1.87 1.50
[kN]
ull-t
Pull-out/p
[-]
hrough failu
re is not de
cisive!

15.1
21.2
31.1
47.1
80.1
118.7
197.9
scr,N
[mm]
160
180
220
250
340
420
560
[mm]
80
90
110
125
170
210
280
spacing splitting
scr,sp
[mm]
240
270
330
380
510
630
840
ccr,sp
[mm]
120
135
165
190
255
315
420

C 16/20 c
[-]
0.70
[-]
0.85
C 20/25 c
[-]
1.00
C 25/30 c
[-]
1.04
C 30/37 c
C 40/50 c
[-]
1.10
[-]
1.21
C 45/55 c
[-]
1.26
C 50/60 c
[-]
1.30
[-]
1.40
[-]
1.80

safety factor
Mc

load
VRk,s
safety factor
Ms
[kN] 9.5
[-]
12.8
15.1
20.3
21.9
29.5
40.8
55.0
63.7
85.8
91.8
123.6
145.9
196.4
1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 156 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25

bending
M0Rk,s [Nm] 19.5
safety factor
Ms
[-]
26.2
38.9
52.3
88.1
91.7
173
233
338
454
584
786
1170
1574
1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25

factor
[-]
2.0
safety factor
Mcp
[-]
1.50

e. length
lf
[mm]
80
90
110
125
170
210
280
e. diameter
dnom
[mm]
10
12
14
18
24
28
35
safety factor
Mc
[-]
1.50
B
496
Status 03/2006

with the CC-Method
Table 16: UKA 3 chemical anchor (M8 - M16)
Anchor type
UKA 3 M 8
ASTA M 8
gvz
fvz
A4
minimum thickness
130
hmin
[mm]
UKA 3 M 10
ASTA M 10
S
gvz
fvz
A4
UKA 3 M 12
ASTA M 12
S
gvz
fvz
A4
140
UKA 3 M 14
ASTA M 14
S
gvz
A4
UKA 3 M 16
ASTA M 16
gvz
fvz
A4
160
170
175

minimum spacing
smin
[mm]
40
45
55
60
65
cmin
[mm]
40
45
55
60
65

load
NRk,s
[kN]
19.0
safety factor
Ms
[-]
1.49
25.6
1.87
30.2
1.50
1.49
40.6
1.87
43.8
1.50
59.0
1.49
1.87
1.50
failure
sive!
is not deci

Mp
safety factor
[kN]
Pull-out/p
[-]
ull-through
59.8
80.5
81.6
1.49
1.87
1.49
109.9
1.87
1.50

15.0
21.1
31.0
39.5
47.0
scr,N
[mm]
160
180
220
240
250
[mm]
80
90
110
120
125
spacing splitting
scr,sp
[mm]
240
270
330
360
380
ccr,sp
[mm]
120
135
165
180
190

C 16/20 c
[-]
0.70
[-]
0.85
C 20/25 c
[-]
C 25/30 c
C 30/37 c
[-]
1.03
1.01
1.04
[-]
1.07
1.03
1.10
C 40/50 c
[-]
1.14
1.07
1.21
C 45/55 c
C 50/60 c
[-]
1.17
1.09
1.26
[-]
1.20
1.10

safety factor
Mc
1.00
1.30
[-]
1.40
[-]
1.80

load
VRk,s
[kN]
9.5
safety factor
Ms
[-]
1.25
12.8
1.56
15.1
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
20.3
1.56
21.9
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
29.5
1.56
1.25
29.9
40.3
40.8
1.25
1.56
1.25
108.6
146.2
173
1.25
1.56
1.25
55.0
1.56
1.25

bending
M0Rk,s [Nm]
19.5
safety factor
Ms
1.25
[-]
26.2
1.56
38.9
52.3
1.56
68.1
91.7
1.56
1.25
233
1.56
1.25

factor
[-]
2.0
safety factor
Mcp
[-]
1.50

e. length
lf
[mm]
80
90
110
120
125
e. diameter
dnom
[mm]
10
12
14
16
18
safety factor
Mc
[-]
1.50
B
Status 03/2006
497

with the CC-Method
Table 17: UKA 3 chemical anchor (M20 - M30)
Anchor type
UKA 3 M 20
ASTA M 20
gvz
fvz
A4
minimum thickness
220
hmin
[mm]
UKA 3 M 22
ASTA M 22
S
gvz
A4
UKA 3 M 24
ASTA M 24
gvz
UKA 3 M 27
ASTA M 27
A4
240
gvz
UKA 3 M 30
ASTA M 30
A4
gvz
A4
260
300
330

minimum spacing
smin
[mm]
85
95
105
125
140
cmin
[mm]
85
95
105
125
140

load
NRk,s
safety factor
Ms
[kN] 127.4
[-]
1.49
171.5
1.87
1.50
157.6
212.1
183.6
1.49
1.87
1.49
247.1
1.87
1.49
failure
sive!
is not deci

Mp
safety factor
[kN]
Pull-out/p
[-]
ull-through
238.7
1.50
321.3
1.87
1.50
291.7
1.49
392.7
1.87
1.50

79.9
98.2
118.4
156.4
153.3
scr,N
[mm]
340
380
420
500
560
[mm]
170
190
210
250
280
spacing splitting
scr,sp
[mm]
510
570
630
750
840
ccr,sp
[mm]
255
285
315
375
420

C 16/20 c
[-]
0.70
[-]
0.85
C 20/25 c
[-]
1.00
C 25/30 c
C 30/37 c
[-]
1.04
[-]
1.10
C 40/50 c
[-]
1.21
C 45/55 c
C 50/60 c
[-]
1.26
[-]
1.30
[-]
1.40
[-]
1.80

safety factor
Mc

load
VRk,s
[kN]
63.7
safety factor
Ms
[-]
1.25
85.8
1.56
78.8
106.1
91.8
1.25
1.25
1.56
1.25
464
625
584
1.25
1.25
1.56
1.25
123.6
1.56
119.3
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
160.7
1.56
1.25
145.9
1.25
196.4
1.56
1.25

bending
M0Rk,s [Nm]
338
safety factor
Ms
1.25
[-]
454
1.56
786
1.56
866
1165
1.56
1.25
1170
1.25
1574
1.56
1.25

factor
[-]
2.0
safety factor
Mcp
[-]
1.50

e. length
lf
[mm]
170
190
210
250
280
e. diameter
dnom
[mm]
25
30
28
32
35
safety factor
Mc
[-]
1.50
B
498
Status 03/2006

with the CC-Method
Table 18: UPM 44 Chemical mortar
Anchor type
UPM 44
ASTA M 8
gvz
fvz A4 S
minimum thickness
hmin
[mm]
UPM 44
ASTA M 10
gvz
fvz A4 S
UPM 44
ASTA M 12
gvz
fvz A4 S
UPM 44
ASTA M 16
gvz
fvz A4 S
UPM 44
ASTA M 20
gvz
fvz A4 S
120
140
165
220
270
350
110
UPM 44
ASTA M 24
gvz A4
UPM 44
ASTA M 30
gvz A4

minimum spacing
smin
[mm]
40
45
55
65
85
105
140
cmin
[mm]
40
45
55
65
85
105
140
tension load
-steel failure
load
NRk,s
[kN] 19.0
safety factor
Ms
[-]
25.6
30.2
40.6
43.8
59.0
81.6
109.9

Mp
safety factor
127.4
171.5
183.6
247.1
291.7
392.7
1.49 1.87 1.50 1.49 1.87 1.50 1.49 1.87 1.50 1.49 1.87 1.50 1.49 1.87 1.50 1.49 1.87 1.50 1.49 1.87 1.50
[kN]
ull-through
Pull-out/p
[-]
failure is no
t decisive!

scr,N [mm]
12.9
18.1
26.6
40.4
54.9
81.4
101.8
160
180
220
250
340
420
560
[mm]
80
90
110
125
170
210
280
spacing splitting
scr,sp
[mm]
220
240
330
420
420
520
560
ccr,sp
[mm]
110
120
165
210
210
260
280
[-]
0.70
C 16/20 c
[-]
0.85
C 20/25 c
C 25/30 c
[-]
[-]
1.01
1.02
C 30/37 c
[-]
1.03
1.06
C 40/50 c
C 45/55 c
[-]
1.06
1.12
[-]
1.07
1.15
C 50/60 c
[-]
1.08

safety factor
Mc
1.00
1.17
[-]
1.40
[-]
1.80

load
VRk,s
safety factor
Ms
[kN] 9.5
[-]
12.8
15.1
20.3
21.9
29.5
40.8
55.0
63.7
85.8
91.8
123.6
145.9
196.4
1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25

bending
M0Rk,s [Nm] 19.5
safety factor
Ms
[-]
26.2
38.9
52.3
68.1
91.7
173
233
338
454
584
786
1170
1574
1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25 1.25 1.56 1.25

factor
[-]
2.0
safety factor
Mcp
[-]
1.50

e. length
lf
[mm]
80
90
110
125
170
210
280
e. diameter
dnom
[mm]
10
12
14
18
24
28
35
safety factor
Mc
[-]
1.50
B
Status 03/2006
499

with the CC-Method
Table 19: Long-shaft xing SXS
Anchor type
SXS 10
SXS 10
SXS 10
gvz
fvz
A4
temperature range
short term/long term
[C]
30/50
minimum thickness
hmin [mm]
50/80
30/50
50/80
30/50
50/80
100

minimum spacing
smin
[mm]
55
cmin
[mm]
60

minimum spacing
smin
[mm]
55
55
cmin
[mm]
50
50

load
NRk,s
[kN]
16.1
8.1
15.6
safety factor
Ms
[-]
1.50
1.50
1.50

[kN]
6.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
6.0
4.0
[kN]
5.0
3.0
5.0
3.0
NRk,p

C 16/20 c
[-]
[-]
C 20/25 c
[-]
1.00
C 25/30 c
C 30/37 c
[-]
1.00
[-]
1.00
C 40/50 c
[-]
1.00
C 45/55 c
C 50/60 c
[-]
1.00
[-]
1.00
[-]
1.80
safety factor
Mp

e. anchorage depth
hef
[mm]
scr,N
[mm]
[mm]
53
spacing splitting
scr,sp
[mm]
200
ccr,sp
[mm]
100
[-]
1.40
[-]
1.80

safety factor
Mc
35
22
35
105

load
VRk,s
[kN]
12.9
6.5
12.5
safety factor
Ms
[-]
1.25
1.25
1.25

bending
M0Rk,s [Nm]
28,6
14.3
27.7
safety factor
Ms
1.25
1.25
1.25
[-]
shear load - pull-out

load in non-cracked concrete VRk,p
[kN]
9.0
7.5
4.5
3.8
9.0
7.5
load in non-cracked concrete VRk,p
[kN]
9.0
7.5
9.0
7.5
safety factor
Mp
[-]
1.80

factor
[-]
2.00
safety factor
Mcp
[-]
1.50
e. length
lf
[mm]
e. diameter
dnom
[mm]
10
safety factor
Mc
[-]
1.50
500
50
Status 03/2006

2007 Tbe en Pages-403-500

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Post-installed rebar connections with Injection

Types ..................................................................................... 404

Applications ......................................................................... 405

Features and advantages ................................................. 406

Installation ........................................................................... 406

Design ................................................................................... 408

Design examples ................................................................ 414

Test results .......................................................................... 415

Design tables ...................................................................... 416

Post-installed rebar connections with Injection mortar FIS V

Injection mortar FIS V 360 S and FIS VS 360 S

Injection mortar FIS V 950 S and FIS VS 950 S

Static mixer FIS S

Advantages over synthetic mortars

Higher temperature resistance compared to epoxy, polyester and vinylester resins

Advantages over mineral mortars

Post-installed rebar connections with Injection mortar FIS V

Extension of cantilevered slabs and refurbishment of slab edges.

Starter bars for closing openings.

Anchoring of staircase landings.

Starter bars for concrete columns.

Post-installed rebar connections with Injection mortar FIS V

Features and advantages

Brushing of the drill hole

Blowing-out of the drill hole

Blowing-out of the drill hole

The scher injection aid is attached to the end

Inserting the rebar

Post-installed rebar connections with Injection mortar FIS V

For optimum installation scher oers a comprehensive range of equipment.

The injection aid

The drilling guide

Post-installed rebar connections with Injection mortar FIS V

A rebar with a diameter of ds = 20 mm

Setting time [min]

*) With temperatures above 30 C to 40 C the cartridges have to be cooled

For the assessment of post-installed rebars

Design in non-reinforced concrete (anchor

Curing time [min]

Design in reinforced concrete

Required volume of resin

The equations and the construction guidance

= anchorage length [cm]

= drill diameter [mm]

= rebar diameter [mm]

Extensive test series show that the bonding

Post-installed rebar connections with Injection mortar FIS V

= diameter of the rebar

= yield strength of the rebar

Design with higher bond strength than those

= partial safety factor of the material

5.5.2 Partial safety factors for actions

The bond strength of cast-in rebars depends

The partial safety factors for actions may be

= design value of the tensile resistance for steel failure

Good bond conditions exist (EC2, Section

5.5.3 Steel values of resistance

b) When the rebar has an inclination of 0 to

Post-installed rebar connections with Injection mortar FIS V

5.5.4.2 Design resistance of the bond

= 1.0 for good bonding conditions

= influence of long-term performance