http://teacherweb.ftl.pinecrest.edu/snyderd/MWH/readings/Urban/Urban1.

pdf origin
and evolution of cities
urban1.pdf

http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/members/courses/teachers_corner/8798.html
VII. Origin and Evolution of Cities

Industrialization is frequently considered as the replacement of farming and resource extraction

by manufacturing and service activity. This transition takes different forms in different places at
different times. Geographies of industrialization and economic development are important in
understanding future growth patterns.
To read the narrative and see further sections under each listed heading, please see "More"
below.
Historical Patterns of Urbanization
The first cities occurred when one member of an agricultural village focused totally on
nonprimary production activity.
Cultural Context and Urban Form
One of the main types of cities is called the primate city. These tended to be preindustrial cities
although they exist in the world today.
Urban Growth and Rural-Urban Migration
The rise of cities was dependent upon the movement of people from rural landscapes into cities.
This movement was a function of both the pull of new jobs and opportunities (real and
perceived) in the cities, as well as the push of economic hardship in the agricultural countryside.
Rise of Megacities
Geographers are beginning to use the term "world city" to describe those settlements, which at
various times have dominated the world system.
Models of Urban Systems
There are two ways to think about models of urban systems -- those that develop in abstract form
(primarily in Christoler's Central Place Theory) and those that developed using a combination of
physical geography and technology, such as the series of epochs of urbanization in North
America developed by John Borchert.

Comparative Models of Internal City Structure

Urban geography really consists of two branches. One focuses on the internal structure of cities,
and the other focuses on where the cities are located.
Web Sites
To view the following Web sites, please go to "See also" below.
The Teachers' Corner contains links to suggested Web sites. The College Board neither endorses,
controls the content of, nor reviews the external Web sites included here. Please note that
following links to external Web sites will open a new browser window. If you discover a link that
does not work, please let us know by sending an e-mail to apctechsupport@collegeboard.org.
About.com Geography Links Page
This is a great, all-around site, which is one of the "must start here" points for Geography. Lots
of articles and links related to the science and profession of geography and many other
geography topics. Well worth your trip here -- the topic you are looking for will most likely be
covered in the frame at the left or by following links in the middle of the page.
Metamorphosis and evolution of cities from:
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/bartlett/3sss/papers_pdf/51_azimzadeh.pdf

51 _azim..pdf