CELL

waode astria sahrani

D3 Analis Kesehatan
Mata Kuliah Sitohistoteknologi
Tahun ajaran 2015/2016

Capaian Pembelajaran Khusus

Setelah mengikuti kuliah ini, mahasiswa
diharapkan mampu :
Memahami dan mejelaskan struktur dan
fungsi sel serta komponen dan organelaorganela sel.

SUBJECTS

Definition of the cell

Structure and function of the cells
Componens of the cells
Organels of the cells

Cells are the basic units of structure

and function in an organism
All living organisms are
made up of one or
more cells
Cells arise from the
replication of
preexisting cells
Maintain homeostasis
at cellular level
Figure 9-1 Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition ( Garland Science 2008)

Cells have various size

1
2

100 nm
1 m

3
4

100 m

Why cell are small?

Surface area-to-Volume ratio
The volume of a cell determines
the amount of chemical activity
it carries out per unit of time
The surface area of a cell
determines the amount of
substances the cell can take in
from the outside environment
and the amount of waste
products it can release to the
environment

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes : Bacteri

Eukaryotes : Plant, Animal, Human

Exterior Structures
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Flagella

Present
Present
May be present

Absent
Present
Absent

Interior Structures
ER
Ribosomes
Microtubules
Centrioles
Golgi aparatus
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Chromosomes
Lysosomes

Absent
Present
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
Single strand of DNA
Absent

Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Double strand of DNA
Present

Main components of cells

COMPONENT

PERCENT OF TOTAL CELL WEIGHT (%)

BACTERIUM CELL

MAMALIAN CELL

H2O

70

70

Ions (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+,

Cl-, etc)

Small metabolites

Proteins

15

18

RNA

1.1

DNA

0.25

Phospholipids

Other lipids

Polysacharides

Cell is a closed compartment

Separated from extracellular space by cell membrane/ plasma
membrane
Consists of cytosol & intracellular organelles

Cell Membrane
Consists of phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and oligosacaharide chains
7,5 10 nm

Function of Plasma membrane

1. PHYSICAL BARRIER: Establishes a flexible boundary,
protects cellular contents, and supports cell structure.
2. SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY: Regulates entry and exit of
ions, nutrients, and waste molecules through the
membrane.
3. COMMUNICATION: Contains receptors that recognize
and respond to molecular signals.

Figure 2-2-: Junqueiras Basic Histology ( The McGraw-Hill 2010)

Nucleus is the center of genetic information

storage in cell

Nucleus frequently appears rounded or oval structure.

Consisting of a nuclear envelope, chromatin (DNA and
proteins), and nucleolus.

Figure, Molecular Biology of the Cell( Garland Science 2008)

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

the production centers or factories of the cells

Figure 2-16-: Junqueiras Basic Histology ( The McGraw-Hill 2010)

Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER
- has many ribosomesattached in their
membrane
- transports newly formed protein to Golgi
apparatus
Smooth ER
- is the site of detoxification of
chemically modifying small molecules
(drugs and pesticides)
- the site for the hydrolysis of glycogen
in animal cells
- the site for the synthesis of lipids and
steroids
Figure 13-26and 13-25 Molecular Biology of the Cell( Garland Science 2008)

Golgi apparatus
the packaging facilities of cell products

Golgi apparatus
Receives proteins from the ER.
Modification, packages, and sorts
proteins before they are sent to
their cellular or extracellular
destinations.
Figure 2-20-: Junqueiras Basic Histology ( The McGraw-Hill 2010)

Vesicle
package of substance that can be delivered from one
compartment to other compartment inside a cell

Figure 13-2 Molecular Biology of the Cell( Garland Science 2008)

Lysosomes
The digestion center of the cells
Figure 2-22-: Junqueiras Basic Histology ( The McGraw-Hill 2010)

Exocytosis
Secretory granule
Lysosome

Transporting vesicles

Transporting vesicle
from RER to Golgi

Rough ER

Peroxisomes
spherical organelles for minor digestion &
detoxification

Function to rid the cell of

toxic substances, and in
particular, hydrogen peroxide
(a common byproduct of
cellular metabolism)
Some types of peroxisomes,
such as those in liver cells,
detoxify alcohol and other
harmful compounds by
transferring hydrogen from
the poisons to molecules of
oxygen (a process termed
oxidation)
Figure 12-30 Molecular Biology of the Cell( Garland Science 2008)

Mitochondria
Center of energy production
A mitochondrion is bounded by two membranes: a smooth outer membrane
dinner one which is folded into numerous contiguous layers called cristae.

Figure 12-21 Molecular Biology of the Cell( Garland Science 2008)

Microtubule, intermediate filament, micro filament

are the main CYTOSKELETON of the cell
Cytoskeleton determine the shapes of cells, play an important role in
the movements of organelles.

Figure 1-30 Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition ( Garland Science 2008)

Microtubule is a cellular highway

1. Hollow tubes of tubulin with structurally distinct ends

2. Organelles move along microtubules

Intermediate Filament
strong, durable network in the cytoplasm of the cell

Figure 17-2 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)

2. strengthen cells against mechanical stress

1. like ropes made of long, twisted strands of protein

3. linked to other cytoskeletalprotein network

4. supportand strengthen the nuclear envelope

Micro filament or Actin filament

1. Thin and flexible protein treads

2. Actin associate with myosin to form contractike

structures

Thankyou
D3 Analis Kesehatan
Mata Kuliah Sitohistoteknologi
Tahun ajaran 2015/2016