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NoSQL Logo

Your Ultimate Guide to the


Non-Relational Universe!
[including a historic Archive 2009-2011]
News Feed covering some changes here !
NoSQL DEFINITION: Next Generation Databases mostly addressing some of the points
: being non-relational, distributed, open-source and horizontally scalable.
The original intention has been modern web-scale databases. The movement began e
arly 2009 and is growing rapidly. Often more characteristics apply such as: sche
ma-free, easy replication support, simple API, eventually consistent / BASE (not
ACID), a huge amount of data and more. So the misleading term "nosql" (the comm
unity now translates it mostly with "not only sql") should be seen as an alias t
o something like the definition above. [based on 7 sources, 15 constructive feed
back emails (thanks!) and 1 disliking comment . Agree / Disagree? Tell me so! By
the way: this is a strong definition and it is out there here since 2009!]
List Of NoSQL Databases [currently >225]
Core NoSQL Systems: [Mostly originated out of a Web 2.0 need]
Wide Column Store / Column Families
Hadoop / HBase
API: Java / any writer, Protocol: any write call, Query Method: MapReduce Java /
any exec, Replication: HDFS Replication, Written in: Java, Concurrency: ?, Misc
: Links: 3 Books [1, 2, 3]
MapR, Hortonworks, Cloudera
Hadoop Distribution and professional services .
Cassandra
massively scalable, partitioned row store, masterless architecture, linear scale
performance, no single points of failure, read/write support across multiple da
ta centers & cloud availability zones. API / Query Method: CQL and Thrift, repli
cation: peer-to-peer, written in: Java, Concurrency: tunable consistency, Misc:
built-in data compression, MapReduce support, primary/secondary indexes, securit
y features. Links: Documentation, PlanetC*, Company.
Hypertable
API: Thrift (Java, PHP, Perl, Python, Ruby, etc.), Protocol: Thrift, Query Metho
d: HQL, native Thrift API, Replication: HDFS Replication, Concurrency: MVCC, Con
sistency Model: Fully consistent Misc: High performance C++ implementation of Go
ogle's Bigtable. Commercial support
Accumulo
Accumulo is based on BigTable and is built on top of Hadoop, Zookeeper, and Thri
ft. It features improvements on the BigTable design in the form of cell-based ac
cess control, improved compression, and a server-side programming mechanism that
can modify key/value pairs at various points in the data management process.
Amazon SimpleDB
Misc: not open source / part of AWS, Book (will be outperformed by DynamoDB!)
Cloudata
Google's Big table clone like HBase. Article
MonetDB
Column Store pioneer since 2002.
HPCC
from LexisNexis, info, article
Apache Flink
(formerly known as Stratosphere) massively parallel & flexible data analytics pl
atform, API: Java, Scala, Query Method: expressive data flows (extended M/R, ric
h UDFs, iteration support), Data Store: independent (e.g., HDFS, S3, MongoDB), W
ritten in: Java, License: Apache License V2.0, Misc: good integration with Hadoo
p stack (HDFS, YARN), source code on Github
IBM Informix

horizontally and vertically scalable, relational, partitioned row store, documen


t store API / Query Method: SQL (native, DRDA, JDBC, ODBC), MongoDB wire listene
r, mixed mode, replication: master / slave, peer-to-peer, sharding, grid operati
ons, written in: C, Concurrency: row, page, table, db locking, Misc: ACID, built
-in data compression, scheduler, automatic cyclic storage management, extensible
, in memory acceleration, native ports from ARM v6 up Links: Documentation, IIUG
, Company.
Splice Machine
Splice Machine is an RDBMS built on Hadoop, HBase and Derby. Scale real-time app
lications using commodity hardware without application rewrites, Features: ACID
transactions, ANSI SQL support, ODBC/JDBC, distributed computing
eXtremeDB Financial Edition
massively scalable in-memory and persistent storage DBMS for analytics on market
data (and other time series data). APIs: C/C++, Java Native Interface (JNI), C#
/.NET), Python, SQL (native, ODBC, JDBC), Data layout: row, columnar, hybrid, Wr
itten in: C, Replication: master/slave, cluster, sharding, Concurrency: Optimist
ic (MVCC) and pessimistic (locking)
ConcourseDB
a distributed self-tuning database with automatic indexing, version control and
ACID transactions. Written In: Java. API/Protocol: Thrift (many languages). Conc
urrency: serializable transactions with just-in-time locking. Misc: uses a buffe
red storage system to commit all data to disk immediately while perform rich ind
exing in the background.
[OpenNeptune, Qbase, KDI]
Document Store
Elasticsearch
API: REST and many languages, Protocol: REST, Query Method: via JSON, Replicatio
n + Sharding: automatic and configurable, written in: Java, Misc: schema mapping
, multi tenancy with arbitrary indexes, Company and Support, Article
ArangoDB
(Doc Store & GraphDB & Key-Value. More details in Category Multimodel Databases)
MongoDB
API: BSON, Protocol: C, Query Method: dynamic object-based language & MapReduce,
Replication: Master Slave & Auto-Sharding, Written in: C++,Concurrency: Update
in Place. Misc: Indexing, GridFS, Freeware + Commercial License Links: Talk, Not
es, Company
Couchbase Server
API: Memcached API+protocol (binary and ASCII) , most languages, Protocol: Memca
ched REST interface for cluster conf + management, Written in: C/C++ + Erlang (c
lustering), Replication: Peer to Peer, fully consistent, Misc: Transparent topol
ogy changes during operation, provides memcached-compatible caching buckets, com
mercially supported version available, Links: Wiki, Article
CouchDB
API: JSON, Protocol: REST, Query Method: MapReduceR of JavaScript Funcs, Replica
tion: Master Master, Written in: Erlang, Concurrency: MVCC, Misc:
Links: 3 CouchDB books , Couch Lounge (partitioning / clusering), Dr. Dobbs
RethinkDB
API: protobuf-based, Query Method: unified chainable query language (incl. JOINs
, sub-queries, MapReduce, GroupedMapReduce); Replication: Sync and Async Master
Slave with per-table acknowledgements, Sharding: guided range-based, Written in:
C++, Concurrency: MVCC. Misc: log-structured storage engine with concurrent inc
remental garbage compactor
SequoiaDB
API: BSON, Protocol: C, Query Method: dynamic object-based language, Replication
: Master Slave & Auto-Sharding, Written in: C++, Misc: Indexing, Large Object St
ore, Transaction, Free + Commercial License, Benchmark, Code
RavenDB
.Net solution. Provides HTTP/JSON access. LINQ queries & Sharding supported. Mis
c
MarkLogic Server

(freeware+commercial) API: JSON, XML, Java Protocols: HTTP, RESTQuery Method: Fu


ll Text Search, XPath, XQuery, Range, Geospatial Written in: C++ Concurrency: Sh
ared-nothing cluster, MVCC Misc: Petabyte-scalable, cloudable, ACID transactions
, auto-sharding, failover, master slave replication, secure with ACLs. Developer
Community
Clusterpoint Server
(freeware+commercial) API: XML, PHP, Java, .NET Protocols: HTTP, REST, native TC
P/IP Query Method: full text search, XML, range and Xpath queries; Written in C+
+ Concurrency: ACID-compliant, transactional, multi-master cluster Misc: Petabyt
e-scalable document store and full text search engine. Information ranking. Repl
ication. Cloudable.
JSON ODM
Object Document Mapper for JSON-Documents written in pure JavaScript. It queries
the collections with a gremlin-like DSL that uses MongoDB's API methods, but al
so provides joining. The collections extend the native array objects, which give
s the overall ODM a good performance. Queries 500.000 elements in less then a se
cond.
NeDB
NoSQL database for Node.js in pure javascript. It implements the most commonly u
sed subset of MongoDB's API and is quite fast (about 25,000 reads/s on a 10,000
documents collection with indexing).
Terrastore
API: Java & http, Protocol: http, Language: Java, Querying: Range queries, Predi
cates, Replication: Partitioned with consistent hashing, Consistency: Per-record
strict consistency, Misc: Based on Terracotta
AmisaDB:
Architected to unify the best of search engine, NoSQL and NewSQL DB technologies
. API: REST and many languages. Query method: SQL. Written in C++. Concurrency:
MVCC. Misc: ACID transactions, data distribution via consistent hashing, static
and dynamic schema support, in-memory processing. Freeware + Commercial License
JasDB
Lightweight open source document database written in Java for high performance,
runs in-memory, supports Android. API: JSON, Java Query Method: REST OData Style
Query language, Java fluent Query API Concurrency: Atomic document writes Index
es: eventually consistent indexes
RaptorDB
JSON based, Document store database with compiled .net map functions and automat
ic hybrid bitmap indexing and LINQ query filters
djondb
djonDB API: BSON, Protocol: C++, Query Method: dynamic queries and map/reduce, D
rivers: Java, C++, PHP Misc: ACID compliant, Full shell console over google v8 e
ngine, djondb requirements are submited by users, not market. License: GPL and c
ommercial
EJDB
Embedded JSON database engine based on tokyocabinet. API: C/C++, C# (.Net, Mono)
, Lua, Ruby, Python, Node.js binding, Protocol: Native, Written in: C, Query lan
guage: mongodb-like dynamic queries, Concurrency: RW locking, transactional , Mi
sc: Indexing, collection level rw locking, collection level transactions, collec
tion joins., License: LGPL
densodb
DensoDB is a new NoSQL document database. Written for .Net environment in c# lan
guage. It s simple, fast and reliable. Source
SisoDB
A Document Store on top of SQL-Server.
SDB
For small online databases, PHP / JSON interface, implemented in PHP.
NoSQL embedded db
Node.js asynchronous NoSQL embedded database for small websites or projects. Dat
abase supports: insert, update, remove, drop and supports views (create, drop, r
ead). Written in JavaScript, no dependencies, implements small concurrency model

.
[CloudKit, Perservere,Jackrabbit]
ThruDB
(please help provide more facts!) Uses Apache Thrift to integrate multiple backe
nd databases as BerkeleyDB, Disk, MySQL, S3.
iBoxDB
Transactional embedded database, it can embed into mobile, desktop and web appli
cations, supports on-disk and in-memory storages. API: Java,C# (Android, Mono, X
amarin, Unity3D). Query Method: SQL-like and KeyValue. Written In: Java, C#. Rep
lication: MasterSlave, MasterMaster.
BergDB
API: Java/.NET. Written in: Java. Replication: Master/Slave. License: AGLP. Hist
orical queries. ACID. Schemaless. Concurrency: STM and persistent data structure
. Append-only storage. Encrypted storage. Flexible durability control. Secondary
& composite indexes. Transparently serializes Java/.NET objects.
IBM Cloudant
Cloud based, open-source, zero-config. Based on CouchDB and BigCouch.
Key Value / Tuple Store
DynamoDB
Automatic ultra scalable NoSQL DB based on fast SSDs. Multiple Availability Zone
s. Elastic MapReduce Integration. Backup to S3 and much more...
Azure Table Storage
Collections of free form entities (row key, partition key, timestamp). Blob and
Queue Storage available, 3 times redundant. Accessible via REST or ATOM.
Riak
API: JSON, Protocol: REST, Query Method: MapReduce term matching , Scaling: Mult
iple Masters; Written in: Erlang, Concurrency: eventually consistent (stronger t
hen MVCC via Vector Clocks)
Redis
API: Tons of languages, Written in: C, Concurrency: in memory and saves asynchro
nous disk after a defined time. Append only mode available. Different kinds of f
sync policies. Replication: Master / Slave, Misc: also lists, sets, sorted sets,
hashes, queues. Cheat-Sheet: , great slides Admin UI From the Ground up
Aerospike
Fast and web-scale database. RAM or SSD. Predictable performance; achieves 2.5 M
TPS (reads and writes), 99% under 1 ms. Tunable consistency. Replicated, zero c
onfiguration, zero downtime, auto-clustering, rolling upgrades, Cross Datacenter
Replication (XDR). Written in: C. APIs: C, C#, Erlang, Go, Java, Libevent, Node
, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby. Links: Community, Development, Slides, 2.5M TPS on 1
node at Intel, 1M TPS on AmazonWS, 1M TPS w/ SSDs on 1 Server, Combating Memory
Fragmentation
LevelDB
Fast & Batch updates. DB from Google. Written in C++. Blog , hot Benchmark , Artic
le (in German). Java access.
RocksDB
API: C++. Written in C++. Facebook`s improvements to Google`s LevelDB to speed t
hroughput for datasets larger than RAM. Embedded solution.
Berkeley DB
API: Many languages, Written in: C, Replication: Master / Slave, Concurrency: MV
CC, License: Sleepycat, Berkeley DB Java Edition: API: Java, Written in: Java, R
eplication: Master / Slave, Concurrency: serializable transaction isolation, Lic
ense: Sleepycat
Oracle NOSQL Database
Oracle NoSQL Database is a distributed key-value database. It is designed to pro
vide highly reliable, scalable and available data storage across a configurable
set of systems that function as storage nodes. NoSQL and the Enterprise Data is
stored as key-value pairs, which are written to particular storage node(s), base
d on the hashed value of the primary key. Storage nodes are replicated to ensure
high availability, rapid failover in the event of a node failure and optimal lo
ad balancing of queries. API: Java/C.

GenieDB
Immediate consistency sharded KV store with an eventually consistent AP store br
inging eventual consistency issues down to the theoretical minimum. It features
efficient record coalescing. GenieDB speaks SQL and co-exists / do intertable jo
ins with SQL RDBMs.
BangDB
API: Get,Put,Delete, Protocol: Native, HTTP, Flavor: Embedded, Network, Elastic
Cache, Replication: P2P based Network Overlay, Written in: C++, Concurrency: ?,
Misc: robust, crash proof, Elastic, throw machines to scale linearly, Btree/Ehas
h
Chordless
API: Java & simple RPC to vals, Protocol: internal, Query Method: M/R inside val
ue objects, Scaling: every node is master for its slice of namespace, Written in
: Java, Concurrency: serializable transaction isolation,
Scalaris
(please help provide more facts!) Written in: Erlang, Replication: Strong consis
tency over replicas, Concurrency: non blocking Paxos.
Tokyo Cabinet / Tyrant
Links: nice talk , slides , Misc: Kyoto Cabinet
Scalien
API / Protocol: http (text, html, JSON), C, C++, Python, Java, Ruby, PHP,Perl. C
oncurrency: Paxos.
Voldemort
Open-Source implementation of Amazons Dynamo Key-Value Store.
Dynomite
Open-Source implementation of Amazons Dynamo Key-Value Store. written in Erlang.
With "data partitioning, versioning, and read repair, and user-provided storage
engines provide persistence and query processing".
KAI
Open Source Amazon Dnamo implementation, Misc: slides
MemcacheDB
API: Memcache protocol (get, set, add, replace, etc.), Written in: C, Data Model
: Blob, Misc: Is Memcached writing to BerkleyDB.
Faircom C-Tree
API: C, C++, C#, Java, PHP, Perl, Written in: C,C++. Misc: Transaction logging.
Client/server. Embedded. SQL wrapper (not core). Been around since 1979.
LSM
Key-Value database that was written as part of SQLite4, They claim it is faster
then LevelDB. Instead of supporting custom comparators, they have a recommended
data encoding for keys that allows various data types to be sorted.
KitaroDB
: A fast, efficient on-disk data store for Windows Phone 8, Windows RT, Win32 (x
86 & x64) and .NET. Provides for key-value and multiple segmented key access. AP
Is for C#, VB, C++, C and HTML5/JavaScript. Written in pure C for high performan
ce and low footprint. Supports async and synchronous operations with 2GB max rec
ord size.
HamsterDB
: (embedded solution) ACID Compliance, Lock Free Architecture (transactions fail
on conflict rather than block), Transaction logging & fail recovery (redo logs)
can be used as a non-persisted cache, B+ Trees supported [So
, In Memory support
urce: Tony Bain ]
STSdb
API: C#, Written in C#, embedded solution, generic XTable<TKey,TRecord> implemen
tation, ACID transactions, snapshots, table versions, shared records, vertical d
ata compression, custom compression, composite & custom primary keys, available
backend file system layer, works over multiple volumes, petabyte scalability, LI
NQ.
Tarantool/Box
API: C, Perl, PHP, Python, Java and Ruby. Written in: Objective C ,Protocol: asy
nchronous binary, memcached, text (Lua console). Data model: collections of dime

nsionless tuples, indexed using primary + secondary keys. Concurrency: lock-free


in memory, consistent with disk (write ahead log). Replication: master/slave, c
onfigurable. Other: call Lua stored procedures.
Maxtable
API: C, Query Method: MQL, native API, Replication: DFS Replication, Consistency
: strict consistency Written in: C.
quasardb
very high-performance associative database. Highly scalable. API: C, C++, Java,
Python and (limited) RESTful Protocol: binary Query method: key-value, iteration
, Replication: Distributed, Written in: C++ 11/Assembly, Concurrency: ACID, Misc
: built-in data compression, native support for FreeBSD, Linux and Windows. Lice
nse: Commercial.
Pincaster
For geolocalized apps. Concurrency: in-memory with asynchronous disk writes. API
: HTTP/JSON. Written in: C. License: BSD.
RaptorDB
A pure key value store with optimized b+tree and murmur hashing. (In the near fu
ture it will be a JSON document database much like mongodb and couchdb.)
TIBCO Active Spaces
peer-to-peer distributed in-memory (with persistence) datagrid that implements a
nd expands on the concept of the Tuple Space. Has SQL Queries and ACID (=> NewSQ
L).
allegro-C
Key-Value concept. Variable number of keys per record. Multiple key values, Hier
archic records. Relationships. Diff. record types in same DB. Indexing: B*-Tree.
All aspects configurable. Full scripting language. Multi-user ACID. Web interfa
ces (PHP, Perl, ActionScript) plus Windows client.
nessDB
A fast key-value Database (using LSM-Tree storage engine), API: Redis protocol (
SET,MSET,GET,MGET,DEL etc.), Written in: ANSI C
HyperDex
Distributed searchable key-value store. Fast (latency & throughput), scalable, c
onsistent, fault tolerance, using hyperscpace hashing. APIs for C, C++ and Pytho
n.
SharedHashFile
Fast, open source, shared memory (using memory mapped files e.g. in /dev/shm or
on SSD), multi process, hash table, e.g. on an 8 core i7-3720QM CPU @ 2.60GHz us
ing /dev/shm, 8 processes combined have a 12.2 million / 2.5 to 5.9 million TPS
read/write using small binary keys to a hash filecontaining 50 million keys. Use
s sharding internally to mitigate lock contention. Written in C.
Symas LMDB
Ultra-fast, ultra-compact key-value embedded data store developed by Symas for t
he OpenLDAP Project. It uses memory-mapped files, so it has the read performance
of a pure in-memory database while still offering the persistence of standard d
isk-based databases, and is only limited to the size of the virtual address spac
e, (it is not limited to the size of physical RAM)
Sophia
Sophia is a modern embeddable key-value database designed for a high load enviro
nment. It has unique architecture that was created as a result of research and r
ethinking of primary algorithmical constraints, associated with a getting popula
r Log-file based data structures, such as LSM-tree. Implemented as a small C-wri
tten, BSD-licensed library.
NCache
.NET Open Source Distributed Cache. Written in C#. API .NET & Java. Query Parall
el SQL Query, LINQ & Tags. Misc: Linear Scalability, High Availability, WAN Repl
ication, GUI based Administration & Monitoring Tools, Messaging, Runtime Data Sh
aring, Cache & Item Level Events, Continuous Query & Custom Events, DB Dependenc
ies & Expirations
TazyGrid
Open Source In-Memory JCache compliant Data Grid. Written in Java. API Java, JCa

che JSR 107 & .NET. Query SQL & DB Synchronization. Misc: Linear Scalability, Hi
gh Availability, WAN Replication, GUI based Administration & Monitoring Tools, D
istributed Messaging, MapReduce, Entry Processor and Aggregator
PickleDB
Redis inspired K/V store for Python object serialization.
Mnesia
(ErlangDB )
LightCloud
(based on Tokyo Tyrant)
Hibari
Hibari is a highly available, strongly consistent, durable, distributed key-valu
e data store
OpenLDAP
Key-value store, B+tree. Lightning fast reads+fast bulk loads. Memory-mapped fil
es for persistent storage with all the speed of an in-memory database. No tuning
conf required. Full ACID support. MVCC, readers run lockless. Tiny code, writte
n in C, compiles to under 32KB of x86-64 object code. Modeled after the Berkeley
DB API for easy migration from Berkeley-based code. Benchmarks against LevelDB,
Kyoto Cabinet, SQLite3, and BerkeleyDB are available, plus full paper and presen
tation slides.
Genomu
High availability, concurrency-oriented event-based K/V database with transactio
ns and causal consistency. Protocol: MsgPack, API: Erlang, Elixir, Node.js. Writ
ten in: Elixir, Github-Repo.
BinaryRage
BinaryRage is designed to be a lightweight ultra fast key/value store for .NET w
ith no dependencies. Tested with more than 200,000 complex objects written to di
sk per second on a crappy laptop :-) No configuration, no strange driver/connect
or, no server, no setup - simply reference the dll and start using it in less th
an a minute.
Elliptics
Github Page
DBreeze
Professional, open-source, NoSql (embedded Key/Value storage), transactional, AC
ID-compliant, multi-threaded, object database management system for .NET 3.0> MO
NO. Written in C#.
TreodeDB
API: Scala. Written in Scala. Replication: Replicas vote on writes and reads. Sh
arding: Hashes keys onto array of replica cohorts. Concurrency: Optimistic + Mul
tiversion Concurrency Control. Provides multirow atomic writes. Exposes optimist
ic concurrency through API to support HTTP Etags. Embedded solution.
BoltDB
Key/Value DB written in Go.
Serenety
Serenity database implements basic Redis commands and extends them with support
of Consistent Cursors, ACID transactions, Stored procedures, etc. The database i
s designed to store data bigger then available RAM.

[Scality , KaTree TomP2P , Kumofs , TreapDB , Wallet , NoSQLz , NMDB, luxio, actord
keyspace, flare, schema-free, RAMCloud]
[SubRecord, Mo8onDb, Dovetaildb]
Graph Databases
Neo4J
API: lots of langs, Protocol: Java embedded / REST, Query Method: SparQL, native
JavaAPI, JRuby, Replication: typical MySQL style master/slave, Written in: Java,
Concurrency: non-block reads, writes locks involved nodes/relationships until c
ommit, Misc: ACID possible, Links: Video , Blog
ArangoDB
(Doc Store & GraphDB & Key-Value. More details in Category Multimodel Databases)

Infinite Graph
(by Objectivity) API: Java, Protocol: Direct Language Binding, Query Method: Gra
ph Navigation API, Predicate Language Qualification, Written in: Java (Core C++)
, Data Model: Labeled Directed Multi Graph, Concurrency: Update locking on subgr
aphs, concurrent non-blocking ingest, Misc: Free for Qualified Startups.
Sparksee
(former DEX): API: Java, .NET, C++, Python, Objective-C, Blueprints Interface Pr
otocol: Embedded, Query Method: as above + Gremlin (via Blueprints), Written in:
C++, Data Model: Labeled Directed Attributed Multigraph, Concurrency: yes, Misc
: ACID possible, Free community edition up to 1 Mio objects, Links: Intro , Techn
ical Overview
TITAN
: API: Java, Blueprints, Gremlin, Python, Clojure Protocol: Thrift, RexPro(Binar
y), Rexster (HTTP/REST) Query Method: Gremlin, SPARQL Written In: Java Data Mode
l: labeled Property Graph, directed, multi-graph adjacency list Concurrency: ACI
D Tunable C Replication: Multi-Master License: Apache 2 Pluggable backends: Cass
andra, HBase, MapR M7 Tables, BDB, Persistit, Hazelcast Links: Titan User Group
InfoGrid
API: Java, http/REST, Protocol: as API + XPRISO, OpenID, RSS, Atom, JSON, Java e
mbedded, Query Method: Web user interface with html, RSS, Atom, JSON output, Jav
a native, Replication: peer-to-peer, Written in: Java, Concurrency: concurrent r
eads, write lock within one MeshBase, Misc: Presentation
HyperGraphDB
API: Java (and Java Langs), Written in:Java, Query Method: Java or P2P, Replicat
ion: P2P, Concurrency: STM, Misc: Open-Source, Especially for AI and Semantic We
b.
GraphBase
Sub-graph-based API, query language, tools & transactions. Embedded Java, remote
-proxy Java or REST. Distributed storage & processing. Read/write all Nodes. Per
missions & Constraints frameworks. Object storage, vertex-embedded agents. Suppo
rts multiple graph models. Written in Java
Trinity
API: C#, Protocol: C# Language Binding, Query Method: Graph Navigation API, Repl
ication: P2P with Master Node, Written in: C#, Concurrency: Yes (Transactional u
pdate in online query mode, Non-blocking read in Batch Mode) Misc: distributed i
n-memory storage, parallel graph computation platform (Microsoft Research Projec
t)
AllegroGraph
API: Java, Python, Ruby, C#, Perl, Clojure, Lisp Protocol: REST, Query Method: S
PARQL and Prolog, Libraries: Social Networking Analytics & GeoSpatial, Written i
n: Common Lisp, Links: Learning Center , Videos
BrightstarDB
A native, .NET, semantic web database with code first Entity Framework, LINQ and
OData support. API: C#, Protocol: SPARQL HTTP, C#, Query Method: LINQ, SPARQL,
Written in: C#
Bigdata
API: Java, Jini service discovery, Concurrency: very high (MVCC), Written in: Ja
va, Misc: GPL + commercial, Data: RDF data with inference, dynamic key-range sha
rding of indices, Misc: Blog (parallel database, high-availability architecture,
immortal database with historical views)
Meronymy
RDF enterprise database management system. It is cross-platform and can be used
with most programming languages. Main features: high performance, guarantee data
base transactions with ACID, secure with ACL's, SPARQL & SPARUL, ODBC & JDBC dri
vers, RDF & RDFS.
WhiteDB
WhiteDB is a fast lightweight graph/N-tuples shared memory database library writ
ten in C with focus on speed, portability and ease of use. Both for Linux and Wi
ndows, dual licenced with GPLv3 and a free nonrestrictive royalty-free commercia
l licence.

OpenLink Virtuoso
Hybrid DBMS covering the following models: Relational, Document, Graph
VertexDB
FlockDB
by twitter
weaver
scalable, fast, consistent
BrightstarDB
Execom IOG
Fallen 8
Github
[Java Universal Network / Graph Framework, OpenRDF / Sesame, Filament, OWLim, Ne
tworkX, iGraph, Jena]
List of SPARQL implementations can be found here
Multimodel Databases
ArangoDB
API: REST, Graph Blueprints, C#, D, Ruby, Python, Java, PHP, Go, Python, etc. Da
ta Model: Documents, Graphs and Key/Values. Protocol: HTTP using JSON. Query Met
hod: declarative query language (AQL), query by example. Replication: master-sla
ve (m-m to follow), Sharding: automatic and configurable Written in: C/C++/Javas
cript (V8 integrated), Concurrency: MVCC, tuneable Misc: ACID transactions, micr
oservices framework "Foxx" (Javascript), many indices as secondary, fulltext, ge
o, hash, Skip-list, capped collections
OrientDB
Languages: Java, Schema: Has features of an Object-Database, DocumentDB, GraphDB
or Key-Value DB, Written in: Java, Query Method: Native and SQL, Misc: really f
ast, lightweight, ACID with recovery.
Datomic
API: Many jvm languages, Protocol: Native + REST, Query Method: Datalog + custom
extensions, Scaling: elastic via underlying DB (in-mem, DynamoDB, Riak, CouchBa
se, Infinispan, more to come), Written in: Clojure, Concurrency: ACID MISC: smar
t caching, unlimited read scalability, full-text search, cardinality, bi-directi
onal refs 4 graph traversal, loves Clojure + Storm.
FoundationDB
Bought by Apple Inc. Not available any more.
FatDB
.NET solution with tight SQL Server integration. API: C# Protocol: Protobuf or R
aw Binary Query Method: LINQ Replication: All peer network, multiple consistency
strategies Written in: C#, .NET Concurrency: Variable, Many Strategies License:
Free Community Edition + Commercial Options Misc: Bi-Directional SQL Server syn
c, Integrated File Management System, Asynchronous Work Queue, Unified Routing,
Fault Tolerance, Hosting agnostic (in-house, AWS, Azure etc) Links: 1, 2 Free Do
wnload
AlchemyDB
GraphDB + RDBMS + KV Store + Document Store. Alchemy Database is a low-latency h
igh-TPS NewSQL RDBMS embedded in the NOSQL datastore redis. Extensive datastoreside-scripting is provided via deeply embedded Lua. Bought and integrated with A
erospike.
CortexDB
CortexDB is a dynamic schema-less multi-model data base providing nearly all adv
antages of up to now known NoSQL data base types (key-value store, document stor
e, graph DB, multi-value DB, column DB) with dynamic re-organization during cont
inuous operations, managing analytical and transaction data for agile software c
onfiguration,change requests on the fly, self service and low footprint.
WonderDB
API:JDBC,SQL; WonderDB is fully transactional, distributed NewSQL database imple
mented in java based on relational architectures. So you can get best of both wo
rlds, sql, joins and ease of use from SQL and distribution, replication and shar

ding from NoSQL movement. Tested performance is over 60K per node with Amazon m3
.xlarge VM.
The following section containts Soft NoSQL Systems
[Mostly NOT originated out of a Web 2.0 need but worth a look for great non rela
tional solutions]
Object Databases
Versant
API: Languages/Protocol: Java, C#, C++, Python. Schema: language class model (ea
sy changable). Modes: always consistent and eventually consistent Replication: s
ynchronous fault tolerant and peer to peer asynchronous. Concurrency: optimistic
and object based locks. Scaling: can add physical nodes on fly for scale out/in
and migrate objects between nodes without impact to application code. Misc: Map
Reduce via parallel SQL like query across logical database groupings.
db4o
API: Java, C#, .Net Langs, Protocol: language, Query Method: QBE (by Example), S
oda, Native Queries, LINQ (.NET), Replication: db4o2db4o & dRS to relationals, W
ritten in: Java, Cuncurrency: ACID serialized, Misc: embedded lib, Links: DZone
Refcard #53 , Book ,
Objectivity
API: Languages: Java, C#, C++, Python, Smalltalk, SQL access through ODBC. Schem
a: native language class model, direct support for references, interoperable acr
oss all language bindings. 64 bit unique object ID (OID) supports multi exa-byte
. Platforms: 32 and 64 bit Windows, Linux, Mac OSX, *Unix. Modes: always consist
ent (ACID). Concurrency: locks at cluster of objects (container) level. Scaling:
unique distributed architecture, dynamic addition/removal of clients & servers,
cloud environment ready. Replication: synchronous with quorum fault tolerant ac
ross peer to peer partitions.
GemStone/S
API: Java, C, C++, Smalltalk Schema: language class model Platforms: Linux, AIX,
Solaris, Mac OSX, Windows clients Modes: always consistent (ACID) Replication:
shared page cache per node, hot standby failover Concurrency: optimistic and obj
ect based locks Scaling: arbitrarily large number of nodes Misc: SQL via GemConn
ect
Starcounter
API: C# (.NET languages), Schema: Native language class model, Query method: SQL
, Concurrency: Fully ACID compliant, Storage: In-memory with transactions secure
d on disk, Reliability: Full checkpoint recovery, Misc: VMDBMS - Integrating the
DBMS with the virtual machine for maximal performance and ease of use.
Perst
API: Java,Java ME,C#,Mono. Query method: OO via Perst collections, QBE, Native Q
ueries, LINQ, native full-text search, JSQL Replication: Async+sync (master-slav
e) Written in: Java, C#. Caching: Object cache (LRU, weak, strong), page pool, i
n-memory database Concurrency: Pessimistic+optimistic (MVCC) + async or sync (AC
ID) Index types: Many tree models + Time Series. Misc: Embedded lib., encryption
, automatic recovery, native full text search, on-line or off-line backup.
VelocityDB
Written in100% pure C#, Concurrency: ACID/transactional, pessimistic/optimistic
locking, Misc: compact data, B-tree indexes, LINQ queries, 64bit object identifi
ers (Oid) supporting multi millions of databases and high performance. Deploy wi
th a single DLL of around 400KB.
HSS Database
Written in: 100% C#, The HSS DB v3.0 (HighSpeed-Solutions Database), is a client
based, zero-configuration, auto schema evolution, acid/transactional, LINQ Quer
y, DBMS for Microsoft .NET 4/4.5, Windows 8 (Windows Runtime), Windows Phone 7.5
/8, Silverlight 5, MonoTouch for iPhone and Mono for Android
ZODB
API: Python, Protocol: Internal, ZEO, Query Method: Direct object access, zope.c
atalog, gocept.objectquery, Replication: ZEO, ZEORAID, RelStorage Written in: Py
thon, C Concurrency: MVCC, License: Zope Public License (OSI approved) Misc: Use

d in production since 1998


Magma
Smalltalk DB, optimistic locking, Transactions, etc.
NEO
API: Python - ZODB "Storage" interface, Protocol: native, Query Method: transact
ional key-value, Replication: native, Written in: Python, Concurrency: MVCC (int
ernally), License: GPL "v2 or later", Misc: Load balancing, fault tolerant, hotextensible.
siaqodb
An object database engine that currently runs on .NET, Mono, Silverlight,Windows
Phone 7, MonoTouch, MonoAndroid, CompactFramework; It has implemented a Sync Fr
amework Provider and can be synchronized with MS SQLServer; Query method:LINQ;
Sterling
is a lightweight object-oriented database for .NET with support for Silverlight
and Windows Phone 7. It features in-memory keys and indexes, triggers, and suppo
rt for compressing and encrypting the underlying data.
Morantex
Stores .NET classes in a datapool. Build for speed. SQL Server integration. LINQ
support.
EyeDB
EyeDB is an LGPL OODBMS, provides an advanced object model (inheritance, collect
ions, arrays, methods, triggers, constraints, reflexivity), an object definition
language based on ODMG ODL, an object query and manipulation language based on
ODMG OQL. Programming interfaces for C++ and Java.
FramerD
Object-Oriented Database designed to support the maintenance and sharing of know
ledge bases. Optimized for pointer-intensive data structures used by semantic ne
tworks, frame systems, and many intelligent agent applications. Written in: ANSI
C.
Ninja Database Pro
Ninja Database Pro is a .NET ACID compliant relational object database that supp
orts transactions, indexes, encryption, and compression. It currently runs on .N
ET Desktop Applications, Silverlight Applications, and Windows Phone 7 Applicati
ons.
NDatabase
API: C#, .Net, Mono, Windows Phone 7, Silverlight, Protocol: language, Query Met
hod: Soda, LINQ (.NET), Written in: C#, Misc: embedded lib, indexes, triggers, h
andle circular ref, LinqPad support, Northwind sample, refactoring, in-memory da
tabase, Transactions Support (ACID) and more, Documentation:
PicoLisp
Language and Object Database, can be viewed as a Database Development Framework.
Schema: native language class model with relations + various indexes. Queries:
language build in + a small Prolog like DSL Pilog. Concurrency: synchronization
+ locks. Replication, distribution and fault tolerance is not implemented per de
fault but can be implemented with native functionality. Written in C (32bit) or
assembly (64bit).
acid-state
API: Haskell, Query Method: Functional programming, Written in: Haskell, Concurr
ency: ACID, GHC concurrent runtime, Misc: In-memory with disk-based log, support
s remote access Links: Wiki , Docs
ObjectDB
API: Java (JPA / JDO) Query method: JPA JPQL, JDO JDOQL Replication: Master-slav
e Written in: 100% Pure Java Caching: Object cache, Data cache, Page cache, Quer
y Result cache, Query program cache Concurrency: Object level locking (pessimist
ic + optimistic) Index types: BTree, single, path, collection Misc: Used in prod
uction since 2004, Embedded mode, Client Server mode, automatic recovery, on-lin
e backup.
CoreObject
CoreObject: Version-controlled OODB, that supports powerful undo, semantic mergi
ng, and real-time collaborative editing. MIT-licensed, API: ObjC, Schema: EMOF-l

ike, Concurrency: ACID, Replication: differential sync, Misc: DVCS based on obje
ct graph diffs, selective undo, refs accross versioned docs, tagging, temporal i
ndexing, integrity checking.
[ StupidDB , KiokuDB (Perl solution), Durus ]
Grid & Cloud Database Solutions
Oracle Coherence
Oracle Coherence offers distributed, replicated, multi-datacenter, tiered (off-h
eap/SSD) and near (client) caching. It provides distributed processing, querying
, eventing, and map/reduce, session management, and prorogation of database upda
tes to caches. Operational support provided by a Grid Archive deployment model.
GigaSpaces
Popular SpaceBased Grid Solution.
GemFire
GemFire offers in-memory globally distributed data management with dynamic scala
bility, very high performance and granular control supporting the most demanding
applications. Well integrated with the Spring Framework, developers can quickly
and easily provide sophisticated data management for applications. With simple
horizontal scale-out, data latency caused by network roundtrips and disk I/O can
be avoided even as applications grow.
Infinispan
scalable, highly available data grid platform, open source, written in Java.
Queplix
NO
NOSQL Data Integration Environment, can integrate relational, object, BigData
SQL easily and without any SQL.
Hazelcast
Hazelcast is a in-memory data grid that offers distributed data in Java with dyn
amic scalability under the Apache 2 open source license. It provides distributed
data structures in Java in a single Jar file including hashmaps, queues, locks,
topics and an execution service that allows you to simply program these data st
ructures as pure java objects, while benefitting from symmetric multiprocessing
and cross-cluster shared elastic memory of very high ingest data streams and ver
y high transactional loads.
Crate Data
A

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