Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
& Design
Materials and Design 28 (2007) 18981906
www.elsevier.com/locate/matdes
Abstract
Dierent welding techniques are used in this study to evaluate the mechanical performance of weldments of HY-80 steel. Weldments
are prepared using dierent welding processes such as shielded metal arc welding, gas metal arc welding, and submerged metal arc. The
objective is to determine the optimum welding method for the steel. After welding, the eects of welding methods on weld metal microstructure and mechanical properties including weld metal tensile strength and Charpy V-notch impact toughness over the temperature
range 20 to 20 C are investigated. Charpy impact and tensile tests are performed on standard notched specimens obtained from the
welded and main sections of the material. The hardness distribution measurements on the dierently welded specimens are conducted in
order to gain a deep insight of dierent welding methods.
2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: High strength low alloy steel; HY 80 Steel; Heat aected zone; Weld toughness; Mechanical properties; Weldability
1. Introduction
A group of low alloy steels designed to provide better
mechanical properties and greater resistance to atmospheric corrosion than conventional carbon steels are
known as high strength low alloy steels, or HSLA steels
in short. This steel is also named as Fine grained structural steels in the European literature.
Traditional welding design practices require the use of
weld metal with higher yield strength than the base metal.
For the steels with yield stress up to 350 N/mm2 the desired
weld metal strength overmatch can be obtained without
any special precautions. In the case of high strength steels
with yield strength over 550 N/mm2, this high yield
strength of weld metal often restricts the welding process
by which an adequate weld metal toughness can be
Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 262 335 1148; fax: +90 262 335 2812.
E-mail address: pyayla@kou.edu.tr (P. Yayla).
0261-3069/$ - see front matter 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2006.03.028
1899
Table 1
Steel composition used in this study
Chemical composition
Ni
Cr
Mo
Si
Mn
Al
Cu
(%)
0.163
2.933
1.427
0.342
0.257
0.227
0.031
0.014
0.014
0.011
0.005
0.002
700
Heat input
600
577
500
20,7
623
25
20
400
Yield stress
Yield strain
15
12,3
300
Weld voltage
Filler material
Filler mat. diam.
Transition temp.
Number of pass
: X-type
V-type (the root distance 10 mm)
10130 Amp
MIL-E-10018 (Bohler Fox U80N)
2.5/3.25 mm
150 C (Max)
For X-type; 12 pass on the rst, 15 pass on the second
side
For V-type 18 pass with a 4 mm thick backing plate
21,700 J/cm (Max)
Weld groove
30
658
636
Table 2
Welding parameter utilised in the preparation of the test samples
10
200
5,3
100
2,7
0
BASE METAL
SMAW
GMAW
SAW
Fig. 2. Yield stress and yield strain values for base metal and dierent
weld types.
300
250
200
150
100
SMAW
GMAW
SAW
BASE METAL
50
0
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
10
20
30
Temperature [C]
Fig. 3. Variation of Charpy impact test energy of the HAZ region with
test temperature for the test samples taken 5 mm from the top surface.
1900
300
250
200
150
100
SMAW
50
GMAW
SAW
BASE META L
0
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
10
15
20
25
Temperature [ C]
Fig. 4. Variation of Charpy impact test energy of the weld metal with test
temperature for the test samples taken 3 mm from the top surface.
300
250
200
150
100
SMAW
50
GMAW
SAW
BASE META L
0
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
10
15
20
25
Temperature [ C]
Fig. 5. Variation of Charpy impact test energy of the weld metal with test
temperature for the test samples taken 6 mm from the top surface.
300
The tensile test samples having three rectangular dimensions of 5.0 12.5 mm are cut from the weldments. A special care is taken to have the weld zone at the middle of the
tensile test samples and the weld section is kept vertical to
longitudinal axis of the specimen. The samples are prepared and tested according to AWS B4.0 and ASTM
E8M [5] standards. From at least three specimens for each
test series, the average values for yield stress, rys, yield
strain, ey, were deduced.
250
150
100
SMAW
50
GMAW
SAW
BASE META L
0
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
10
15
20
25
Temperature [ C]
Fig. 6. Variation of Charpy impact test energy of the weld metal with test
temperature for the test samples taken 9 mm from the top surface.
1901
Fig. 7. Hardness prole across main material, HAZ and weld material regions for SMAW V test sample.
1902
cross-sections are eliminated well enough for the examination. The polished surfaces are then etched by 5%
nital. The micrographs of the etched surfaces are utilised
for the study of HAZ and the heat-treated zones between
the weld passes.
3. Results and discussion
3.1. Tensile test
The tensile tests are carried out on the samples using
DARTEC Servo-hydraulic tensile testing machine. The
tests are performed according to ASTM E8M [5]
standard at ambient temperature. The yield stress and yield
strain values obtained from these tests are given in Fig. 2.
One of the signicant outcomes of these tests is that in
Fig. 8. Hardness prole across main material, HAZ and weld material regions for GMAW V test sample.
1903
Fig. 9. Hardness prole across main material, HAZ and weld material regions for SAW V-type test sample.
1904
Fig. 10. Hardness prole across main material, HAZ and weld material regions for SMAW X-type test sample.
1905
Fig. 11. Hardness prole across main material, HAZ and weld material regions for GMAW X-type test sample.
1906
Fig. 12. Hardness prole across main material, HAZ and weld material regions for SAW X-type test sample.
Acknowledgements
The authors thank Mr. O.N. Gungor and Mr. B. Cakici
for their contributions to the experiments. Also the contributions of Dr. N. Sari and Dr. A. Arici on the sample preparation and hardness measurements have also inuenced
this work. The comments and critics of Dr. E. Engindeniz
from Drahtwarenfabrik Drahtzug Stein GmbH & Co. of
Germany is well appreciated.
References
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