MOM3602 Theory of Machines III Mock Exam 2015 (100 Marks in 3 Hours)

Preparation/Practice Problems: First try to solve without using your textbooks/notes and then go to
your textbooks/notes if stuck
QUESTION 1 [20 Marks]
Consider the mass-spring-damper system as illustrated below in Figure 1.

Figure 1.
The system is known to be under-damped with

1 so that the displacement of the system is of the form

cos

where is a constant amplitude, is the damping factor,

is the angular natural frequency, is the time, and
constant phase lag. Experimental measurements are conducted on the system as illustrated in Figure 2.

is a

Figure 2.
The displacement at time
0.50 s is measured as

0.25 s is measured as 0.25

6.7716 " 10 # m and the displacement at time
#
0.50
0.3834 " 10 m.

Determine the following:

Using the specified experimental data determine the expression for the displacement by finding the values of
the parameters and and write down the expression
Use the determined expression for the displacement to calculate the velocity of the system at time
0.65 s
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UNISA MOM3602 Theory of Machines III Mock (Preparation/Practice) Exam 2015

QUESTION 2 [10 Marks]
Consider the mechanical system illustrated in Figure 3.

Figure 3.
The system is composed of three rods which are all rigidly mounted together and allowed to rotate by the same angle (
in a counter-clockwise direction.
*
The rod of length )* has a mass of +* and an additional point mass of mass ,* which is a distance of # )* from the

point of rotation, and a spring of spring constant -* is located a distance of # )* from the point of rotation.

The rod of length ) has a mass of + and an additional point mass of mass , which is a distance of # ) from the
*

point of rotation, and a damper of damping constant . is located a distance of # ) from the point of rotation.
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UNISA MOM3602 Theory of Machines III Mock (Preparation/Practice) Exam 2015

The rod of length )# has a mass of +# and an additional point mass of mass ,# which is a distance of )# from the
point of rotation, and a damper of effective damping constant ./00 is located a distance of )# from the point of rotation,
*

and a spring of effective spring constant -/00 which is located a distance of # )# from the point of rotation. The effective
spring constant -/00 is made up of two springs of equal spring constants -# which are connected in parallel, and the
effective damping constant ./00 is made up of two dampers of equal damping constants .# which are connected in
series. If the systems equation of motion using the rotational form of Newtons second law of form
1

2/345 6

/849:65/

where 1 2/345 6 is the resultant counter-clockwise moment and 7

inertia may be expressed in the form
,/8 (< + ./8 (> + -/8 (

d (
d
/849:65/

is the equivalent rotation moment of

then determine the equivalent mass ,/8 , equivalent damping constant ./8 , and equivalent spring constant -/8 .
EXTRA HINTS:
Springs in series

*
?@A

=? +? +
B

Springs in parallel -/8 = -* + - +

Dampers in series E

@FF

=E +E +
B

Dampers in parallel ./8 = .* + . +

QUESTION 3 [10 Marks]

The needle indicator of an electronic instrument is connected to a torsional viscous damper and a torsional spring. If the
rotary inertia of the needle indicator about its pivot point is 25 kg.m2 and the spring constant of the torsional spring is 100
N.m/rad, determine the damping constant of the torsional damper if the instrument is to be critically damped.
QUESTION 4 [15 MARKS]
In a Hartnell governor as illustrated in Figure 4, the length of the ball arm is 190 mm, that of the sleeve arm is 140 mm,
and the mass of each ball is 2.7 kg. The distance of the pivot of each bell-crank lever from the axis of rotation is 170 mm,
and the speed, when the ball arm is vertical, is 300 rev/min. The speed is to increase 0.6% for a lift of 12 mm of the
sleeve.

Figure 4.
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UNISA MOM3602 Theory of Machines III Mock (Preparation/Practice) Exam 2015

Determine the following:
a) Neglecting the dead load on the sleeve, find the necessary stiffness of the spring and the required initial
compression
b) What spring stiffness and initial compression would be required if the speed is to remain the same for the
changed position of the sleeve (i.e. the governor is to be isochronous)?
QUESTION 5 [30 Marks]
The turning moment diagram for an engine is given by
1

2100 sin ( + 900 sin 2( , when 0 ( P

375 sin ( , when P ( 2P

where 1 is in units of N.m and the angle is in radians and is illustrated below in Figure 5.

Figure 5.
The resisting torque is constant and the speed is 850 rev/min. The total moment of inertia of the rotating parts of the
engine and the driven member is 270 kg.m2.
Using any suitable combination of analytical, numerical or graphical techniques determine:
a)
b)
c)
d)

The power
The fluctuation in speed
The maximum instantaneous angular acceleration of the engine
The value of the crank angle corresponding to the state where the maximum instantaneous angular
acceleration occurs
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UNISA MOM3602 Theory of Machines III Mock (Preparation/Practice) Exam 2015

QUESTION 6 [15 Marks]
Consider a cam with curved flanks and a flat-ended follower as illustrated below in Figure 6.

(a) Follower on Flank Surface AB

(b) Follower on Nose Surface BC

Figure 6.

When the follower is in contact with the flank surface AB (i.e. follower on flank) the displacement of the follower is
specified as
QR*

QR, for when the follower is on flank surface AB

When the follower is in contact with the flank surface BC (i.e. follower on nose) the displacement of the follower is
specified as
= QR QR, for when the follower is on flank surface AB
Determine:

a) A derivation for the expression of the follower displacement in terms of \, ], and ( showing all of your
geometrical and mathematical calculations for when the follower is on the flank surface AB

b) A derivation for the expression of the follower displacement in terms of ^, , _, and ] showing all of your
geometrical and mathematical calculations for when the follower is on the flank surface BC
c) Considering only the case for a follower on flank assume that the expression for the follower displacement on
surface AB is
`=

ab
a

= \ ] 1 cos ( and use differentiation to calculate the formulae for the velocity

and then use differentiation again to work out the acceleration c =

d) Using your derived formulae for

a:
a

and ` and c sketch on a single graph the curves for the displacement,

velocity, and velocity on a vertical axis and indicating on the horizontal axis the regions where the follower on
flank AB is and where the follower on nose BC is (just show the general shape of the , `, and c curves)

Page 5 of 9

UNISA MOM3602 Theory of Machines III Mock (Preparation/Practice) Exam 2015

LIST OF FORMULAE
TRIGNOMETRIC IDENTITIES

sin ( + cos ( = 1, sin R + d = sin R cos d + cos R sin d

cos R + d = cos R cos d sin R sin d , tan ( =

k

1 + cot ( = cosec ( , sin

( = cos ( , cos

efg h

ije h

, 1 + tan ( = sec (

( = sin ( , tan

sin ( = sin ( , cos ( = +cos ( , tan ( = tan ( ,

sin 2( = 2sin ( cos ( , cos 2( = cos ( sin (
nog 4 nog :

tan l ` = *nog 4

, P radian = 180, 1 radian =

nog :

*rs
k

, 1 =

( = cot (

radian

*rs

FREE AND DAMPED VIBRATIONS

aC b

ab

, a C + . a + - = 0,

+ w + . = 0,

u* =

+|
{

= te3 , ,u + .u + - = 0

xx C z6E

.E = 2,|{ = 2-, = 2,
= t* e

General solution
*

c=

{,

= 1 then

> 1 then

= t* e3B + t e3C

= , General roots u*, = ~

E}

cos~ 1

= t* + t
= t*

+t e

= t* e3B + t e3C =

Critically-damped if

Over-damped if

< 1 then u* = ~ + 1

Under-damped if
1and

|
{

{, u =

3B

+t

and u = ~ 1

= t*

Page 6 of 9

+t

= 2Pc ,

where =

e
3C

UNISA MOM3602 Theory of Machines III Mock (Preparation/Practice) Exam 2015

Alternative Formulae Notation

Logarithmic decrement
b

ln bB
=

has b

bB

+ 1 ,

1
=

b b b

,
k C C
b

= bB bC b b
C

=e

,1
{
*

Amplitude

,b

at time
,b

bB

cos~ 1

,
*

and amplitude

=~

{*

= e{

at time

{*
*

, = { ln

bB

+ ,1

bB

KINETICS/DYNAMICS
*

Moment of inertia for a thin rod about the centre-of-mass is 72 = * +) , Angle ( = where u is the arclength and ] is the radius

Parallel axis theorem 7|| = 7 + + , Moment of inertia from radius of gyration - is 7 = +-

Resisting spring force 329

= - , Resisting damping force 6{9

Newtons second law for translations 2/345

733

aC h
/{ a C

aC b

ab

= . a

= , a C , Newtons second law for rotations 12/345

Torque 1 = ]

CAMS

Curved Flanks & Flat-Ended Follower

Follower in contact with flank:

= \ ] 1 cos ( , ` =
Page 7 of 9

\ ] sin (, c =

\ ] cos (

UNISA MOM3602 Theory of Machines III Mock (Preparation/Practice) Exam 2015

C 2 C C

ije

2 ije

, sin =

efg
2

= ^ cos

Follower in contact with nose:

+ _ ], ` =

^ sin , c =

Straight Flanks & Roller-Ended Follower

= ] + _s sec ( ] + _s , ` =

Roller in contact with flank:

c=

] + _s 2sec # ( sec ( , tan =

efg
2

, cos =

^ cos

] + _s sec ( tan (,

Roller in contact with nose:

= ^ cos
c=

^ cos

sin
+

] + _s , ` = ^ sin

efg C ije
C

efgC

, =

22

,c =

^ 1+

Normal force between roller-ended follower and flank of tangent cam

cos ( = ,c +

efg

= ^ 1 cos ( , ` =

^ sin (, c =

^ cos (

Page 8 of 9

, Lift = ^ + _ ]

+ , Reaction torque = ] + _s tan (

Circular cam & flat-ended follower:

efgC

UNISA MOM3602 Theory of Machines III Mock (Preparation/Practice) Exam 2015

Moments of inertia
7

,-

7
7 =

,)
12

,_
2

7 = 7 + ,

Equivalent moment of inertia at machine 7 = 7{6E9

} @

Crank Effort Diagrams

Energy fluctuation

Centrifugal stress = \` = \
0 =

1
7
2

7=
3 =

-3

sin ,( d( =

0
7

x
1
cos ,(
,
6

x
1
cos ,( d( = sin ,(
,
6

sin 2( = 2 sin ( cos (

cos 2( = cos ( sin (

UNISA 2015

Page 9 of 9

7{