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2010

REPORT
ON
Techno – Economic feasibility study of large Bio Energy Project for
Developing Framework on Carbon Management in Village Panched of
District Ratlam

STUDY DURATION- 25th January 2010 to 24th February 2010

SUBMITED BY
Field Guide: Yogesh Gupta , GVT
SUMAN BISWAS
NIRD ,PGDRDM
2/23/2010
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INDEX

SI Topic Sub-Topic Page No

1 List of Table 3
2 List of Figure 3
3 List of chart 3
4 Executive Summery 4
5 Introduction 1 Objective Of The Project 5
2 Project Components At A Glance 5
3 Operational Strategies 6
6 Rational And Importance Of The Assignment 8
7 Methodology 9
8 Beneficiary And Stakeholder Analysis 12
9 Way Forward A. Back Ground
1 General Idea About The Village 12
2 Economy 14
3 Water Resource 14
4 Current Energy Source 15
5 Agriculture Activities And Products 15
6 Fertilizer Utilization 16
7 Organic Farming 16
8 Livestock System 16

B. Biogas In Panched
1 History 18
2 Existing Technology 19
10 Feasibility Analysis A. Technical Feasibility

1 Average Monthly Energy(Electricity) Demand And 22

Supply
2 Domestic Energy Consumption Per Month 23
3 Gap Between Demand And Supply Of The 23
Electricity
4 Commercial Energy Supply 23
5 Energy Supply For Agriculture 23

B Result And Discussion

1 Raw Material ( Cow Dung , Waste Materials, Crop 24
Residue)
2 Total Biogas Production From The Dung And Others 24
Residues
3 Total Biogas Production Per Month 25
4 Replace Amount Of Biogas For Others Energy 25
Source
5 Production Of Manure 25
6 Household Appliances 25
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10 Feasibility Analysis C Financial And Economical Feasibility Analysis 26

D Social, Environmental And Political Feasibility
Analysis
1 Knowledge On And Experience With Biogas Plant 26
2 Involvement In Other Running Project 27
3 Acceptance Of Biogas 27

11 Social And Environmental Risk 27

12 Benefit Expected From Biogas Plant 28
13 Carbon Management And Biogas Plant
1 Sources Of Green House Gasses Emission 28
2 Management Of This Greenhouse Gases/Carbon 28
14 Location And Area Of The Plant 29
15. conclusion 29
16 Key Learning 29
17 Box Case-1,2,3 31
17 Annexure I Action Plan 33-34
II Name of the official meet 34
III Name of the villagers meet 35
IV Caloric value of some commonly use fuels 35
V Equivalent quantities to 1 m3 of Bio-gas 35
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1. List of the Table

Table No Contain of the table Page

1 Stake Holder Analysis 14
2 Demography of the Panched Village 14-15
3 Institute of the Village 15
4 Market structure 15
5 Fertilizer use per annum 18
6 Livestock population 18
7 Composition of biogas 23
8 Electricity demand of different groups for domestic use 24
9 Electricity supply in different groups for domestic use 24
10 Total domestic energy consumption per month by the villagers 25
11 Commercial energy supply 25
12 Total dung production 26
13 Total biogas production from dung 26
14 Biogas produce from others crop residues 26
15 Replace amount of biogas for others energy source 27
16 Global worming potential of gasses 30

2. List of Figure:

Figure no Figure Title Page

1 Biogas plant picture 20
2 Procedure of biogas production 22
3 Gassifer plant 23
4 Figure of some traditional source of energy. 32

3. List of Chart:

Chart No Chart title Page

1 Avg. income / month/ household 16
2 Different income group 16
3 Energy consumption for cooking/ household 17
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Panched is a large village of Ratlam district. Its total population is about 5000.power cut
is a chronic problem of this village like other village of MP. Most of the people are
agricultural farmers. The economical condition of the village is very good. GVT is going
to establish a large community biogas plant in this village. In this report I tried to find
out Techno-economical, institutional and social feasibility analysis of this plant. Total no
of cattle population of the village is about 1800 and 12kg dung can be collected per day
from per animal. Farmer of the village mainly uses chemical fertilizer in their Agri-field.
Villagers use cow-dung cake (kunde) and wood for cooking. This village has the potency
to produce bio-energy in such a scale that can solve their electricity problem. This biogas
can reduce the greenhouse gas emission and help in carbon sink into the soil. The
villagers have the knowledge about the biogas plant and they have interest about the
biogas plant. The existing institutions are ready to help for the biogas plant. The village
has potency of producing 60643.02 m3 biogas / month which can fulfill the demand of
both fuel and electricity.
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5. INTRODUCTION:

5.1. OBJECTIVES OF ASSIGNMENT:

a) To determine Technical, Social, Institutional and Economical barriers and way to overcome for
successfully run of Bio-energy project in Panched village
b) To determine the various source of carbon emission in context to agriculture, livestock and forestry.
c) To assess the potential of agriculture soil and carbon sink and livestock management for reducing the
emission of methane.

5.2. PROJECT COMPONENT AT A GLANCE:

Before going to discuss the assignment we have to understand some basic of the Bio-Energy project and carbon
management. This is a community based biogas plant. Some components I described bellow-

G
Household a Domestic fuel and house lighting
s

S Use in Dairy chilling unit

At least 5kg cow dung/ other
u
waste from each household p
p
l Running water lifting device for
Carried by Trained y irrigation
local youth
B Use for other commercial
a
purpose
ll
Community bio-gas plant o
o Manure use as bio-fertilizer
n

Development of Bio-gas management Employment generation

unit

Capacity building of the community by Pollution due to co2 and methane

Development of trained modules reduce

Trained strategies
Operational Local Youthof the biogas project: Supply of energy increase

Institutional arrangement:
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5.3. OPERATIONAL STRATEGIES:

(Reference: “Concept Note-Bio Energy Park” prepare by Universal School of Learning in Natural resource
Management, NLRI-GVT, India)

INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT

1. A village based Renewable Energy Company would be registered under Producers Company Act 2002;
2. All the household would be given the share holding in the company;
3. The initial value of each share would be RS 100/-, the households may be allowed to purchase as many as
possible shares, however, a minimum of share numbers equals to the number of large ruminants available
in the household would be mandatory;
4. The gas, power and manure would be sold, supplied or made available on full economic cost price plus
10-15% profit to the company;
5. The company would declare dividends based on the annual profit of the company and as decided by its
Board of Directors (BoD);
6. Company would leverage government funds as well as seek finance from sources like nationalized and
commercial banks on its gas, power and organic manure ventures;
7. Company would out source services for management and operation of its ventures, however, would
guarantee paid assignments to local youths for jobs within their capabilities and skills;
8. Company would run a capacity building program with support from CIAE, Bhopal and GVT, Bhopal for
at least 3 years in succession to impart trainings to local youths on all aspects of business of the
Company.
9. The youth from within the village and outside would be registered for the trainings and should have to
execute an agreement with the company to complete the training course and work for the company for a
minimum of 3 years.

DUNG, DROPPINGS AND WASTE COLLECTION:

1. Each member household has to supply dung and dropping equals to number of livestock @ 5 kg per day
besides, any quantity of waste usable and available with them;
2. The collection would done by the company representative on affixed time communicated to each
household, the representative would weigh the dung, droppings and waste separately and issue the receipt
duly mentioning the quantity and grade of the material to each household;
3. The grade of the material would be decided by the company with expert advice on the basis of
constitution of the material, moisture content and other pertinent parameters;
4. The collection would be loaded on a hand or mechanically operated wheel barrow and could be carried to
gas plant for segregation, mixing and feeding in to the plant as per production schedule;
5. Each shareholder household would be supplied gas, power and manure on full economic cost after
adjusting their contribution of feedstock duly verifiable from the receipts issued by the collection
representative;
6. The collection representatives would be contracted by the company on certain fixed terms and conditions
of payment, supplies of the feedstock and other services needed by the company;
7. Local youth with some investment capacity to avail hand or power operated wheelbarrow, and other
equipments required to furnish the job and flare for such works would be preferred and trained by the
company with support from CIAE, Bhopal and GVT, Bhopal.
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VALUE ADDITION:

1. The gas produced from the plant shall be sold to the share holder households on priority and after
ascertaining a cost on the supply of gas, rest of the quota available as gas could further be sold in the
market through a marketing network developed and managed by the company;
2. The gas quota fixed for the power generation would be supplied to the power plant and shall be converted
to electric power which would be sold to the share holder household on certain fixed price per unit of
supply;
3. The power would be used exclusively for following three purposes:

• Domestic use for the cooking and lighting purpose.

• Use in dairy chilling unit
• Use for water lifting pumps.

4. The cold storage and the processing unit would be either managed by the a community enterprise or a
private entrepreneur, in either case the power would be sold on full economic cost with some benefit to
the power company;
5. The slurry would be further enriched by adding rock phosphate, other micro nutrients, bone meal, fish
meal, blood meal or anything available as cheap and organic source for raising the nutrient content of the
slurry;
6. The enriched slurry would be sold as pallets or super granules by further processing, the processed slurry
would be packed, branded and analyzed for its nutrient value to fetch higher market price;
7. The slurry would also be used as feedstock for producing vermin-compost within the village by any
private entrepreneur or by a joint holding venture.
8. All necessary and statutory registrations to manage the enterprise of power generation and supply, organic
manure production, packaging, formulation, storage and marketing under a unique brand shall be obtained
from the concern authority;

SUPPLY OF GAS AS DOMESTIC FUEL AND HOUSE LIGHTING:

1. The gas for domestic fuel and lighting would be supplied in high quality, non inflammable, refillable
HDPE balloons in 2 different sizes like 1 m3 and 2 m3;
2. Each consumer household would be given a registration number and shall have to deposit a fixed amount
as security against the lose, misuse, damage or theft of the balloons;
3. The company would also provide the stove, pipes, regulator, lamps, consumables for domestic lighting if
required any and other such devices to its users on full economic cost;
4. The gas would be charged at each refill appropriately to meet the cost of production and managing the
expenses of enterprise;
5. The cost would be calculated on composite unit basis which includes the gas, power, manure and other
business of the company;

EMPLOYMENT GENERATION AT VILLAGE LEVEL:

1. The entire enterprise is highly labor intensive which includes both types of labors i.e. unskilled labor and
skilled or highly skilled labors to manage and operate the technical and financial aspects of the enterprise;
2. The unskilled labor required for operations like dung, dropping and waste collection, mixing, feeding in
to the gassifer, cleaning, watering, managing slurry, slurry enrichment process, other processing and
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packaging operations would create ample opportunity for households with very small holding, landless
who are otherwise dependent on other sources away from the village, women and other able bodied
person unemployed due to a variety of reasons;
3. The semi-skilled labor required for operations like gas refilling, gas supply, handling the gas and power
plant, organic manure enrichment process, vermin-compost process, would be very much available within
the village;
4. The skilled labors for power plant, gas plant, manure processing and packaging unit, marketing of the
company’ products like gas, power and manures of different grades, specifications, uses and managing
the financial and other technical aspects of the company are to be initially outsourced and slowly local
youth shall be trained by NLRI,GVT, Ratlam.
(This portion is taken from the “Concept Note-Bio energy park” prepare by Universal School of Learning in
Natural resource Management, NLRI-GVT, India)

6. RATIONAL AND IMPORTANCE OF THIS ASSIGNMENT:

Renewable in India presently contribute about 5,700 mw, which represents about five per cent of the total
installed power generating capacity from all non-conventional sources however potential of power generation
from renewable sources is more than 1 Lakh megawatt. In India, still more than 20,000 villages are not electrified.
Panched is also one of them. Biogas technology is a particularly useful system in the Indian rural
economy, and can fulfill several end uses. The gas is useful as a fuel substitute for firewood, dung,
agricultural residues, petrol, diesel, and electricity, depending on the nature of the task, and local supply
conditions and constraints (Lichtman,1983), thus supplying energy for cooking and lighting. Biogas
systems also provide a residue organic waste, after anaerobic digestion that has superior nutrient
qualities over the usual organic fertilizer, cattle dung, as it is in the form of ammonia (Sasse et al, 1991).
Anaerobic digesters also function as a waste disposal system, and can, therefore, prevent potential
sources of environmental contamination and the spread of pathogens (Lichtman, 1983). Panched village
has rich livestock population and may produce good amount of cattle dung which can suffice the purpose of
electricity generation. Recognizing the above concern and taking into consideration that no such good initiatives
have been taken in such field so it is necessary to propose such type of action research study in Panched village of
Ratlam district.

The project would provide integrated services through decentralized generation and distribution of electricity for
catering to various end uses in village areas

This project would develop and promote “marketing of end use service package” such as irrigation facilities along
with improved agriculture technology package coupled with development of skills of end users for minimal
processing, cold store chain for value addition and to increase the household income. This would enhance the
paying capacity of the rural households. The cost recovery models and mechanisms that would be developed by
the project would offset investment risks perceived by the private sector, leading to financial sustainability and
replication of the bio-energy packages developed by the project.
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7. METHODOLOGY:

A. TOOLS

1. Transit work

2. Door to Door visit

3. Focus Group Discussion (FGD)

4. Meeting with key member.

5. Meeting with Government official.

6. Graphical representation of the data

7. Statistical analysis

1. TRANSECT WORK

Transit work help me understanding the village natural resources and different capital like institutional capital,
social capital and animal and human capital. It also help me to think how to move forewords and in repo building.
I directly observe the village condition.

2. DOOR TO DOOR VISIT:

After first visit I divided the villagers into four groups according to their income. Then I meat with the panchyat
secretary and discuss this matter. Then I door to door visited for collecting primary data. I visited 120 families of
different groups. In door to door visit I asked some question like-

a) Name of the Head of the family.

b) Source of the energy for cooking.
c) How much kerosene they use in a month?
d) How much they expense for kerosene?
e) How many kg of Kunde(cow dung cake) they use per day?
f) Cost of the kunde.
g) If they use wood then where from they collect it?
h) How much (unit) electricity they consume per month?
i) How many hours electricity they get per day?
j) Are they satisfied with the electricity supply? If not then how many hrs can give them satisfaction/need?
k) How many agricultural land they have?
l) Are they using bio-fertilizer for cultivation?
m) Amount of chemical and bio-fertilizer they use per Bigha of land?
n) How many cattle or other animals they have?
o) Methods of rearing of the animals?
p) How many kgs of dung they collected from each animal per day?
q) Is they heard about the biogas plant? How?
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r) Are they known about the present government programme running in the village? Are they involved with
the programme? If yes then how?
s) Are they participated in biogas plant if biogas plant established there?
t) Is biogas plant can solve their electricity problem?

Visit to agriculture field for getting information about use of Motor pump and chemical and bi-fertilizer use.

PURPOSE:

Total energy use for cooking.

Types of materials use for the cooking.

Total electricity consumption per month.

Amount of chemical and bio-fertilizer they use.

Triangulation of the information getting from the official.

Their understanding about biogas plant.

Social

3. FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION (FGD):

I made 4 focus group discussions in the village. Among these Two with the farmers in Fertilizer society and one
in agriculture field and another in a shop. In every cases I present there as a fellow learner. From all these I tried
to find primary data regarding the problem of electricity and how gobar gas plant can solve these. It also help me
to get ideas about social, cultural and political acceptance of the biogas plant. These discussions also help me to
understand the failure of earlier individual household biogas plant. From this discussion I understand that people
are interest for large scale biogas plant. They people don’t have social and cultural barrio against biogas plant.

PURPOSE:

Primary information collection.

Problem of electricity and how gobar gas plant can solve this problem.

Ideas about social, cultural and political acceptance of the biogas plant.

Understanding the failure of earlier individual household biogas plant.

View about large scale biogas plant.

4. MEETING WITH KEY MEMBER:

For the feasibility analysis I need information of the cattle holding family, whether they are want interest to get
involved in the biogas plant or not. I got the primary data from them. Same question I asked here what I asked in
door to door to visit.

PURPOSE:

Primary information collection.

No of cattle hold by them.

Their view about the biogas plant.

What they are doing by the cow dung.

Cross check the secondary data collected from the panchyat office.

Knowledge about the organic farming.

View and awareness about the greenhouse gas and methods of generation of green house gas.
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5. MEETING WITH GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL:

Secondary data collection through the government records maintained in the offices of Panchyat, Pattoari, Diary
farm, fertilizer society , animal husbandry ,agriculture farm etc

PURPOSES:

Collection of secondary data.

Total population of the village, caste wise distribution.

Land distribution patterns of the village.

Total animal population in the village.

Total fertilizer use in the village.

Types of soil and atmosphere condition

Institutional interest for the biogas pant.

Government project and community response in the project.

6. GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION:

Table, bar chart and pie chart is use for representation of the data.

7. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:

For the calculation and analysis of the data we use simple MS Excel.

B. THE FOLLOWING STEPS HAVE BEEN FOLLOWED FOR ACCOMPLISH THE

ASSIGNMENT.

 Internal consultation meeting and inception workshop – Ii would organize at NLRI Ratlam to thorough
understanding of the assignment.
 Collection of primary information- visit the whole village area and interact with the community members
in group and individual through opting various participatory approaches to acquire the desired
information as per schedule.
 Collection from secondary information- from Gram Panchyat Block veterinary officer, fertilizer society,
dairy cooperative.
 Reconnaissance survey- It will do to get the information from sample size on techno, socio, institutional
and economic feasibility of the Bio energy project.
 Desk research - A systematic and focused desk research and internet assisted search for relevant
documents, reports reviews, appraisals, evaluations of the previous such projects and research notes will
carried out to review of national, regional and local experiences in preparing such report.
 Processing and analysis: All the collected information from both primary and secondary sources, desk
reviews and research notes will analyzed and calibrated.
 Develop the Draft report
 Presentation of report
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 Finalize the draft report

8. BENEFICIARY ANALYSIS:

The main beneficiaries of this project will be the poor women in the village who has to travel a long distance daily
to get fire wood’s and carry those heavy loads back home. The poor households will have cheap and efficient
source of fuel for cooking. Biogas is a clean fuel so there will be less production of harmful gases. So it will
prevent various respiratory diseases like bronchitis, asthma etc. The other beneficiaries will be the farmers in the
village. They will be able to irrigate there paddy fields using the motor pumps run by biogas fuel. It will also
provide bio fertilizers for the crop. Village dairy farm also gets benefited from this biogas plant most. They can
replace their generator /diesel by the bio-energy for chilling unit. The farmers also get bio-fertilizer as with more
nutritious in the form of palate. This will help both in production and soil fertility also increase. It rejuvenates the
soil. Carbon sinks into soil which helps in balance of carbon in environment.

STAKE HOLDER ANALYSIS:

Institutional stakeholder Primary stakeholder Secondary stakeholder

a. GVT a. Cattle holding household b. All the villagers ( animal

b. NABARD holding + non holding)
c. Dairy Farm c. Nearby villagers
d. Village Panchyat d. Agricultural farmers
e. Animal husbandry Dept. e. Local educated youth
f. Fertilizer society

Table -1

9. WAY FORWARD

9. A. BACK GROUND:

9. A.1. GENERAL IDEA ABOUT THE VILLAGE :( source -Panchyat office and 120 family survey)

Panched village at a glance:

Distance from the District town- 18Km (Ratlam to Panched)

DEMOGRAPHY OF THE VILLAGE:

Total population 4,486

Sex wise distribution: Male 2320
Female 2216
Caste wise Distribution ST
Sc
OBC
Others
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Total house hold 778

Caste wise Distribution ST household 15
SC household 370
OBC household 339
Others 150
Classification of Household Landless Labour Household 15
According to Land holding Marginal 200
Small 150
Medium 400
Large 13
Table -2.(Note: a)Marginal farmer: 1.0-2.5 acres, b) Small farmer: 2.5-5.0 acres, c) Medium farmers 5-10 acres,
d)Large farmers : above 10 acres, )
INSTITUTE:

School 5
(Government-3
Primary 1
Private-2)
Middle school 3(1- Govt, 2- Private)
Secondary school 1
Post office 1
Dairy Co-operative 1
Fertilizer society 1
Veterinary hospital 1
Agriculture farm 1
anganbari 4
PHC 1
Table -3

MARKET STRUCTURE:

SI No Types of shop Number

1 Tea shop 10
2 Barber 5
3 Mobile shop 2
4 Ration Diller 1
5 Wood shop 5
6 Pottery 10
7 Tailoring shop 5
8 Bike repairing 2
9 Cycle repairing 3
10 Grocery shop 6
11 Society shop( Fertilizer) 1
12 Dairy co-operative 1
Total 51
Table-4
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9. A.2. ECONOMY:

This is a well developed village of Ratlam district. Most of the people depends
depends on agriculture and have their own
land. For this reason their economic
condition is somehow good for their
livelihood. Average income of the Avg Income/Month/ household
poor family is about 4000- 5000 per 40000
30000
month and medium family gas 30000
income of about 15,000 per month 20000 15000
and rich family
mily has about 30000 per
10000 4500 2000
month. About 70 people migrated to
Gujarat or nearby town like Ratlam 0
for service. Eighth out of them are Non-Poor medium poor Marginal
Family
police, seven are teachers and rest
are work in private sector. There are Chart-1
Avg Income/Month/ household
fifteen marginal landless farmers
whose monthly income
ome is 2000. They
are basically daily wage agriculture
labor. Different Income Group
About 15 families are marginal or we Marginal income Poor Medium Non-Poor
can say very poor family. They are 2% 2%
agriculture labourer. Near about 50
% family are poor they have small
number of land .They cultivate in
45%
their land and also work as a daily 51%
wage agriculture labour. They also
take land for cultivation as lease. Chart-2
Some of them also migrate to nearby
town Ratlam and also nearby state
like Gujarat. They don’t have cattle except few families. Some of the SOURCE- PANCHYAT OFFICE
family have goat. AND SURVEY OF 120 FAMILIES

There are 400 family of medium income group. Each of these families has 15-20
15 20 Bigha land. Some of them are
service holder. 15 families are large farmer. They
Th come under non-poor family.

9. A.3. WATER RECOURSE:

The volume of available water resources is strongly influenced by the natural and geographical situation of the
village. Insufficient rain fall and capacity of sinking of water in the earth is the threat for the water scarcity, Open
water source is about to nil, one talab is there but it remains dry throughout the year except 1-2 month during
rainy season. The cultivation n depends on ground water, - well and tube well is the only way of getting water for
irrigation and domestic use. However, during the dry season, many of these well become dry, due to the frequent
water withdrawal and high evaporation. Ground water level is about 400 400-600 ft, some time it is about 1000ft.we
1000ft.
have to take consideration of water er resource for this biogas plant because water have to mix with cow dung or
waste materials at the 1:1 ratio for digestion purpose.
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9. A.4.. CURRENT ENERGY SOURCE (EXCEPT ELECTRICITY):

Wood and kunde is available energy source for cooking .and during power er cut they use kerosene. Wood and leaf
they collected from their filed or from road side. Cattle population of the village is in large number
n that’s why
kunde is very cheap (Rs 1 / kunde). They get kerosene from PDS. LPG cylinder use by the rich and medium mediu
(income) family. Poor and medium income family mainly use kunde and wood and dry leaf.

Energy consumtion for cooking / household

Chart-3 7

5
Amount consume

0
Poor Medium Non-poor/Rich
Kerosin( in lit)/month 5 3 3
wood/leaf in kg/day 6 5 2
Cow dung(Kunde)in kg/day 4 3.5 1
LPG cylinder( number)/month 0 0.5 1

SOURCE- SURVEY OF 120 FAMILIES

9. A.5.. AGRICULTURE ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS:

Panched village has 6200 acre land under agricultural cultivation. Two types of crop is there-
there Kharif and Rabi.
Soybean , Gram and wheat are the most prefer cultivated agri agricultural
cultural crop. Cultivation and production mainly
depends on rainfall. Arhar, Isabagol , Musoor , lucern
luc , Moong ,Urd , Mustard and cotton are others agricultural
crops.. For the cultivation they mainly use chemical fertilizer and manure. They prefer chemical fertilizer. They
use 2-troli
troli manure for one bigha land.
land. They are use modern agricultural technology for their cultivation and
harvesting. One agricultural farm is there they help farmer by knowledge sharing about the new technology and
soil condition. Villagers use mustard crop residue as energy source for cooking.

9. A.6.. FERTILIZER UTILIZATION:

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The farmer prefers chemical fertilizer for cultivation. They have a fertilizer society, this also work as a bank. The
farmers only procure fertilizer from this society. I collected the data regarding total fertilizer use by the village
from this society and from interviewing 10 farmers.

Use of Fertilizers and Manure in the village/ annum:

SI NO Name of fertilizer Kharif + Rabi

( ton/annum)

1 Urea 150
2 NPK( IFFCO) 50
12:32:16

3 Superphosphate 50
4 DAP( D -ammonium bi-phosphate) 150
5 Potash 25
Table-5

Exact data regarding the manure use is not getting from the village. But I got information about how much they
use per Bigha of land. The big and marginal farmer who have cattle or buffalo use manure – 2 troli per Bigha
land.

9. A.7. ORGANIC FARMING:

Organic farming is not seen in panched village. Though they are use manure but they are not doing organic
farming. They don’t have idea about organic farming. When I describe about the organic farming they show
interest and also told that if certification can done and they get market they can go for organic farming.

9. A.8. LIVESTOCK SYSTEM:

Livestock population:

SI No Livestock Head count

1 Cattle + Buffalo(1000) 1767

1. Breedable 1040
2. Non breed able 600
2 Goat 100

3 Donkey 10

4 Horse 1

Table-6
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Head count of the animals

2000
1800
1600
1400
no of Animals

1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Cattle +
Goat Donkey Horse
Buffalo(1000)
Head count 1767 100 10 1

Chart-4

No of family holding this animals

180
160
160
140
120 130
100
80 No of family
60 75

40
20
6
0
1 to 2 cattle 2 to 5 cattle 5 to 10 cattle More than 10 cattel

Source: Animal Husbandry Dept. and Survey of 120 families.

Chart-5
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9. B. BIO-GAS IN PANCHED:

9. B.1. HISTORY

Concept of biogas plant is not new for this village. In the year 1984 under the leadership of Collector of that
time Mr. Bhagabat Prasad, 56 gobar gas plant established in this village.85 % of the cost bear by the MP govt.
and rest 15% by the individual beneficiary family. People show interest at the beginning but 3-4 years latter
they lost their interest of mixing gobar with the water. Due to inefficient monitoring and awareness biogas
plant was not working at that time. But people have interest for the biogas plant.

INLET DIGESTOR

OUTLET

An EXISTING BIOGAS PLANT IN THE VILLAGE

Fig-1
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9. B.2. EXISTING TECHNOLOGY AND MECHANISM OF BIOGAS PRODUCTION:

Biogas can be obtained from any organic materials after anaerobic Fermentation by three main phases.
Mechanism of bio-gas fermentation
a) Group of Biogas microbes-

Biogas microbes
(bacteria)

Non methane Methane

producing producing

Fermentative bacteria Hydrogen producing

acetogenic bacteria

b) Groups of microbes involved in the 3 stages of biogas fermentation-

1st stage: Fermentative bacteria-

Hydrogen & Ferments organic substance

Cellulose decomposing bacteria Protein decomposing Fat decomposing

bacteria bacteria

Saccharides Fatty acids

Amino acids

Volatile acids, H2 & CO2

2ND STAGE: HYDROGEN PRODUCING ACETOGENIC BACTERIA-

Decompose the substances Acetic acid, H2 ,

produced in 1st stage CO2
 P a g e | 20

3RD STAGE: METHANE PRODUCING BACTERIA

Convert the CH4 & CO2

Substances produced
in 1st & 2nd stage

Note: This information have been collected from the booklets & research materials of Biogas Training Center (BRC)
Chendu, Sichuan, Chaina.

PROCEDURE OF BIOGAS:

Fig-2
 P a g e | 21

CONSTITUENTS:

The gas thus produced by the above process in a bio-gas

bio gas plant does not contain pure methane and has several
impurities. A typical composition of such gas obtained from the process is as follows:

Composition of biogas

Substances Symbol Percentage

Methane CH4 50 - 70

Carbon Dioxide CO2 30 - 40

Hydrogen H2 5 - 10

Nitrogen N2 1-2

Water vapor H2O 0.3

Hydrogen Sulphide H2 S Traces

Table-7 ;Source: Yadav and Hesse

The calorific value of methane is 8400 kcal/ m3 and that of the above mixture is about 4713 Kcal/ m3. However,
the bio-gas
gas gives a useful heat of 3000 kcal/m3. If similar heat values are to be obtained from other sources of
fuel, the equivalent quantities of those fuel have to be substantial as may be seen from Annexure
Annexure-IV. It is not the
quantity which is so important but while bio-gas
bio is renewable, others are not.

Fig-3
 P a g e | 22

10.. FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS:

10.A.
A. TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY:

10.A.1. AVERAGE MONTHLY ENERGY (ELECTRICITY) DEMAND AND SUPPLY:

SUPPLY

Electricity supply of the village is less than the demand. They only get electricity for 2-3
2 hrs in the day
time and 3 hrs in the evening for the domestic use. So there is a huge gap between demand supplies.
Biogas plant can full fill this gap. For determine electricity demand we use data collected from 120 family
belonging to different groups.

Electricity demand in difference groups for domestic use:

Family types Unit demand per month
Poor 110
Medium 130
Rich/large farmer 150
Table-8
Electricity supply in different groups of family for domestic use:

Family type Unit use per month

Poor 56
Medium 85
Large/ rich 125
(Source: family survey –door
door to door and FGD in tea shop and co-operative,
co , Sample Size-120 family)
Table-9

Electricity Demand and Supply/

Household/Month
160
140
elcetricity ( in unit)

120
100
80 150
130 125 Demand
60 110
40 85 Supply
56
20
0
Poor Medium Rich/ Non--poor
Types of family

Chart-6 (source of information door to door survey; sample size 120 family)
 P a g e | 23

10.A.2. DOMESTIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION PER MONTH:

Sources of Energy Diff. Group of Avg. Energy use per Total quantity /Month(in the village)
family household/month

Cow Dung(Kunde Poor 120 43560 86010

in kg) Medium 105 42000
Non-poor/Rich 30 450
Wood ( in kg) Poor 180 65700 126600
Medium 150 60000
Rich 60 900
Kerosene( in lit) Poor 5 1825 3070
Medium 3 1200
Rich 3 45
LPG cylinder (in Poor 0 0 215
number) Medium 0.5 200
Rich 1 15
Electricity ( unit) Poor 56 20440 56315
Medium 85 34000
Large 125 1875
Table-10

10.A.3. GAP BETWEEN DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF THE ELECTRICITY:

Electricity demand in the village per month =94400 units

Electricity supply in the village per month =56315 units

Gap = (94400-56315) unit= 38085 units

10.A.4. COMMERCIAL ENERGY SUPPLY:

Panched village has 40 commercial users of electricity and diesel. Most of them are use 1 -2 bulbs. But maximum
electricity and diesel user is dairy farm. The dairy unit use generator for bulk chilling. About 14o lit diesels they
consume per month.

User Electricity( unit) Consumption/ Diesel/ Month

month
Dairy farm 480 140 lit
Fertilizer society 140 Nil
Others 1680 Nil
Total 2300 140
Table-11( Individual survey)

10.A.5. ENERGY SUPPLY FOR AGRICULTURE:

There are 235 pump set in the village. They use 4 HP and 5 HP pump. The electric bill is same for the entire user -
Rs 350 for 4HP and 500 for 5HP. That’s why total unit use per month is not available. They use pump in the
 P a g e | 24

season 2 hr per day. Normally for getting drinking water the use pump 2 hrs per day. There are 35 tractor in the
village .

10.B. RESULAT AND DISCUSSION:

10.B.1. RAW MATERIAL (COW DUNG, WASTE MATERIALS, CROP RESIDUE):

Total dung production (In winter season):

Sr. Living Beings Quantity of Dung / Night Soil produced Total dung produced/Day
No. (kg/day)
1. Cow, Bullock 12.0 9204
2 Buffalo 15.0 15000
3 Horse 14.0 14
4 Goats 1.0 100
5 Donkey 3.0 30
Table-12 ( Data collected from door to door survey and AHD)

In the rainy season the availability of the dung is little bit less due to wastage due to rain. Though quantity of the
dung given by animal is more in the rainy season because of availability of green fodder and more water intake.

10.B.2. TOTAL BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM THE DUNG:

Animal Bio-Gas/Kg Total Dung Produced in Kg/ Total Bio Gas From The
Dung Day Dung/day(m3}

Cattle (cows and 0.023 - 0.040 (9204+15000)=24204 762.426

buffaloes)

Goat 0.040 - 0.059 100 4.95

Donkey 0.065 - 0.116 30 2.715

Horse 0.020 - 0.028 14 0.336

Total 770.427

Table-13:Source: Updated Guidebook on Biogas Development, 1984

BIOGAS PRODUCE FROM OTHERS CROP RESIDUES:

Materials Available /day Dry mater Gas/kg total solid(m3) total

/animal( kg) contain (%)
Dry wheat straw 2 82 0.432 1250.467
Dry leaves 1 80 0..450 0.54
 P a g e | 25

Total 1251.007
Table-14
10.B.3.TOTAL BIOGAS PRODUCTION PER MONTH:

(BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM DUNG + OTHER CROP RESIDUES)*30 days

(770.427+1251.007)*30

60643.02m3/month

10.B.4. REPLACE AMOUNT OF BIOGAS FOR OTHERS ENERGY SOURCE:

Name of the fuel Amount use Replace amount of Bio-gas(m3)

Electricity ( unit)( domestic and 56315 + 2300 12476.565

commercial)
Cow dung cakes( kg) 86010 6994.95

Kerosene ( lit) 3070 4951.61

Woods ( kg) 126600 36442.141

Table-15(Reference: ANNEXURE- V/ Note- 1 unit =1 KWh)

The calorific values or heat values indicate that bio-gas can perform works similar to fossil oil in
domestic cooking, lighting etc., with better efficiency depending upon the methane content in it. The bio-
gas has also the potential for use in internal combustion engines used for pumping water etc. The replace
amount of the biogas shows that the biogas unit will have capacity to fulfill the demand of the energy and
electricity. So it is technically feasible.

10.B.5. PRODUCTION OF MANURE:

1 kg of fresh dung gives 0.2 kg of dry dung.
1 ton of fresh dung gives 240 kg of manure. So 24334 kg of fresh dung produce 5840.16 kg of manure per
day. If the biogas unit established then they will get bio-fertilizer as pallet form which is nutritious and
less harmful for the soil and other life species. And cost of these fertilizers will be less than the chemical
fertilizer. These may be varies in two different seasons – winter and rainy but If proper collection and
cattle rearing can practice then these variation will be less. In the rainy season due to wet condition and
wastage due to rain cow dung loss is there.
10. B.6. HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES:
The villagers use electricity for lighting and water up-liftmen purpose. The appliances they use are tube
light, fan, bulb and TV. Some family have gizzard for water heating. Inverters are use by 10 to 12
family.5 W and 15 W CFL light also there. Computer, printer other appliances are used by few family.
 P a g e | 26

10.C. FINANCIAL AND ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS:

Financial and economical feasibility consists of both analysis of cost of pant and day to management expenditure
and also others external benefit analysis in terms of cost. Cost of the biogas plant is very less due to government
subsidy for renewable energy source. Per unit cost of energy or electricity produce by biogas plant is less than the
conventional energy source and electricity. More ever fossil fuel like kerosene, diesel and charcoal are now very
costly both in money terms and in availability. For this reasons here I discuss other possible external benefits such
as-

 Improvements in the physical quality of life as a result of a wider range of energy supply.
 Improvement of soil fertility and food security.
 Improvements in the local economic structure by making a group of expert of biogas plant.
 Reduction in environmental pollution esp. ground water pollution and GHG-emissions.
 Creation of employment opportunities in the village.
 Improvement in the trade balance through the substitution of imported energy sources.
 Long-term training effects.
 Reduction in desertification.
 Wastage of cow dung reduces.
 Wastage of the co2 and CH4 from cow dung reduces which give a economical benefit to the farmers.
 As the cattle population of the village is large in number that’s why transportation cost of dung to the
project side will be less.
 Supply of the gas to the household is by balloon which is not so costly and supply cost also very less.
 Biogas produce from cow dung in a natural fermentation method that’s way materials cost almost nil.

10. D. SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND POLITICAL FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS:

The implementation of the biogas plant must take into account the underlying socio-cultural, political condition.
The realization of the sociologically and ecologically beneficial biogas plant heavily realize on social and political
acceptance. Benefit of biogas as well major obstacle of the project depends on complex relationship between diff
social organization, environmental problem and political intention. For analysis this we meet with different group
of class, caste and institution discuss with them tried to understand the class structure and their relationship. Also
analyses the other running project in the village and find how people engage in these project.

10. D.1. KNOWLEDGE ON AND EXPERIENCE WITH BIOGAS PLANT:

Most of the villagers are aware about the biogas plant as 15-20 individual biogas plant present in the
village. They are aware about the benefit and technique of the biogas plant. But peoples are not interested
for doing individual biogas plant because it is costly than the existing energy source. People also loss
interest for mixing of the waste materials/ dung with water due to insufficient time and non involvement
of the women. People are interested for the single large community biogas plant. They are ready to accept
if such community plant established. They ager to participate in the biogas plant. local institution like
veterinary hospital , school, agriculture farm and dairy cooperative people have the theoretical and
sometime practical knowledge about the biogas plant . Their knowledge can be used for this project.
 P a g e | 27

10. D.2. INVOLVEMENT IN OTHER RUNNING PROJECT:

SGSY, IAY, Antodhya Yojona and other pension scheme are running in this village. People are not aware
about the government programme. NREGA is not successful in the village because of its lower wage rate than
the local area. Most of the people don’t know about the SGSY. We could not find any self help group in the
village. But these don’t indicate that they don’t have capacity to work together. Fertilizer society and dairy co-
operative show that they can run society or community plant cooperatively.

10.D.3. ACCEPTANCE OF BIOGAS:

As biogas system is known by the villager, we have faced fewer hurdles to understand their feelings about
the biogas plant. I made a set of question for interview of the villagers for analysis of acceptance of
biogas plant.
• His/her own experience with the biogas plant.
• His/her personal opinion about the biogas plant.
• If govt. set up a biogas unit then do they supply their cow dung / waste material to the plant?
• Can the biogas plant able to reduce the electricity problem?
• His/her judgment if this biogas plant could be accepted by them in social and cultural aspect.

I asked these questions to about 120 families of different categories. Most of the family gives positive
feedback. Around 115 families say that they are known about the biogas plant and if government
establishes biogas plant they will involve themselves. They said that biogas plant can reduce the
electricity problem. They also answer that they don’t have any cultural and social problem regarding
biogas plant. The family those don’t have animals in their family they also reply that they can buy biogas
for cooking and electricity if it is given in cheap price. But 5-6 family belong to Muslim family said that
these cannot give benefit to them because they don’t have cattle and they are getting wood and leaves
freely from the field and road side.

11. SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK:

Social risks could be related to difference in cattle holding and biogas supply or dung supply family first. Men
are in most cases the decision maker of the household involvement in any programme. But biogas energy use
for cooking and lighting will firstly affect women: they will have to change their cooking habits and work
rhythm. Collecting firewood is –like fetching water - not only a burden, but also a social activity which brings
women together. When introducing biogas in village, this time-out could be missed by the involved women, if
there will be no social substitution for.

As the biogas digester has to be constructed in a water and gas tight manner in order to meet operational
requirements, environmental risks for groundwater and air contamination should not exist. In case of
inappropriate gas use or filling techniques, they are significantly reduced compared to pit latrines, septic
tanks, leaking compost pits or open air disposal of any organic waste. Environmental risks could be related to
methane losses due to insufficient gas use by the household. Since methane is an approximately 20 times
stronger greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, the methane losses should be kept low by enhancing the total
biogas use for cooking and lighting. The methane losses are also negative for the plant economy.
 P a g e | 28

12. BENEFIT EXPECTED FROM BIOGAS PLANT:

Biogas plant give 24*7 hrs electricity supply and energy in the Panched.Apart from the direct benefits
gleaned from biogas systems, there are other, perhaps less tangible benefits associated with this
renewable technology. By providing an alternative source of fuel, biogas can replace the traditional
biomass based fuels, notably wood. Introduced on a significant scale, biogas may reduce the dependence
on wood from forests, and create a vacuum in the market, at least for firewood. A clean and particulate-
free source of energy also reduces the likelihood of chronic diseases that are associated with the indoor
combustion of biomass-based fuels, such as respiratory infections, ailments of the lungs; bronchitis,
asthma, lung cancer, and increased severity of coronary artery disease (Banerjee, 1996). Benefits can
also be scaled up, when the potential environmental impacts are also taken into account; significant
reductions in emissions associated with the combustion of biofuels, such as sulphur dioxide (SO2),
nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), total suspended particles (TSP's), and poly-aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAH's), are possible with the large-scale introduction of biogas technology

13. CARBON MANAGEMENT AND BIOGAS PLANT:

13.1. SOURCES OF GREEN HOUSE GASSES EMISSION:

The villager use cow dung cake( Kunde). Woods , LPG, and kerosine .Burning of cow dung and wood for
cooking purpose emitted greenhouse gas. Fossil fuel is the great emissor of the greenhouse gas. Kerosines,
charcoal are such types of fossil fuel. Diesel also great emissor of the greenhouse gas. However, crop-increasing
value of animal feaces has been recognized but more than 50 % of the cattle dung produced in the village either
burn or remain unmanaged. The cow dung plays a major role in producing the methane gas in the environment,
which is a green house gas. Another source of greenhouse gas is chemical fertilizer which emitted both carbon-di-
oxide and ammonia.LPG gas also a source of greenhouse gas.

GLOBAL WORMING POTENTIAL OF GASSES

Greenhouse gases Global Warming Potential

Carbon-di-oxide 1
Methane 21
Nitrous oxide 310
Hydroflourocarbons 140-11,700
Perflourocarbons 7,000-9,200
Table-16(Source: Humbad et al. / EEST Part A: Energy Science and Research)

13.2. MANAGEMENT OF THIS GREENHOUSE GASES/CARBON:

Biogas plant can solve this problem of greenhouse gas. By this we can use the methane and CO2 for energy
source. Better management practice can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which in turn provide extra income
through the sale of carbon credits. In the traditional methods cow dung is turn that’s why carbon is not return to
 P a g e | 29

the soil. In the same way chemical fertilizer also depleted the carbon contain of the soil. So biogas plant is the
only way to give back the carbon to the soil in the form of bio-fertilizer.

14. LOCATION AND AREA OF THE PLANT:

The following points should be kept in mind when deciding on a site for biogas plant construction.
a. For proper functioning of the plant, the right temperature has to be maintained in the digester: a sunny
site is recommended.
b. To make plant operation easy and to avoid wastage of raw material especially dung, the plant must be
as close as possible to the stable and urine / waste water storage or source.
c. The foundation of the plant should be at least two meters away from the house or any other building to
avoid risk of damages.
d. Even as the construction is intended to be water tight, the plant should be at least 10 meters away from
the well or any surface water sources to avoid water pollution.
Such types of location can easily get in the panched village. Atmospheres temperature is very suitable for the
biogas plant. And soil is not wet, it is hard and compact so water leakage and gas contamination can be easily
prevented.

15. CONCLUSION:

Bio-energy has the potency to produce fuel and electrical energy without emitting harmful agent to the
environment. Panched village has huge number of cattle population so it is easy to produce the fuel and
electricity. Electricity problem is the gigantic problem in this village. So by this large scale biogas plan village
can be self sufficient in electricity. Panched village has potency to produce energy more than 50% of their
demand. This biogas plant not only economically profitable it also has capacity to bring a pollutant free
environment. Now a day due to scarcity of the fossils fuel its price is increasing day by day. So to save the fossil
fuel and gift the next generation a pollutant free, clean environment we should go for renewable energy source-
biogas is one of the most economically, technically and socially acceptable plant. Bio-fertilizer produce as end
product of biogas plant is very much nutritious. By increasing the utilization of the bio-fertilizer carbon sinking
into soil can be maintained. In a sentence I can say that “COOL ENERGY + COOL FUEL = COOL PLANET”

16. KEY LEARNING:

For the last month I worked under GVT in Panched village. I am assigning an assignment namely
techno—economical, institutional, social feasibility analysis and carbon management of large bio-gas
energy plant. For this I visited Panched village number of times. From this project I have learned about
biogas plant and also complexity of rural society. Some learning I list down bellow

Bio-energy is one of the most acceptable and economic renewable energy sources.

I come to know about different obstacles which may come during field work.

If you can motivate the local youth and student then it is easy to achieve any information and
work to done.

Language can be unknown but it is not a barriers.

Rural India has enough resource to produce Bio-energy.

Individual Bio-energy project can’t sustainable because of insufficient time of individual for
mixing dung with water. But if a large biogas plant establish then it can be sustainable because
individual person can be assigned their work and they have to done it.
 P a g e | 30

RECOMMENDATION:

People should sensitize for the biogas plant.

People should aware about the greenhouse gas produce from the cow dung and others waste
materials.

Some workshop should be there regarding global warming and how biogas can reduce the
problem.

They should also train for tuning technicality of biogas plant.

People should encourage for stall feeding of the animals.

BOOK CONSULT:

BOOKLETS & RESEARCH MATERIALS OF BIOGAS TRAINING CENTER (BRC)
CHENDU, SICHUAN, CHAINA.

CONCEPT NOTE-BIO ENERGY PARK” PREPARE BY UNIVERSAL SCHOOL OF
LEARNING IN NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, NLRI-GVT, INDIA.
 P a g e | 31

BOX-1
Case -1 Case -2
Name-Hari Ram Rathor Name – Tarabhai Raw
Family Member- 6 Family member- 7
Total Cattle- 6 Total cattle- nil
Energy Use for Cooking: Energy use for Cooking:
• Kunde- 2 kg/day • Kunde-3 kg / day
• Wood-5 kg/day • Wood- 6kg/day
• Kerosene-3 lit. • Kerosene-5 lit.
• Electricity- Rs 150 in last month ( 57 unit) Electricity- Rs 80 in last month ( 30 unit)
Electric Appliance use- Electric Appliance use-
• Bulb-4 • Bulb-2
• TV-1 • TV- nil
• Fan-1 • Fan-nil
• Tube light-1 • Tube light-1
• Motor pump: 1 (3 HP) Motor pump: nil
Total land- 25 Bigha Total land- nil
Manure use- 2 Troli/ Bigha Manure use- nil
Chemical fertilizer- 100kg / Bigha ( mixed) Chemical fertilizer- nil
View about biogas plant- View about biogas plant-
He knows about the biogas plant. He has interest She knows about the biogas plant. If the
about biogas plant. If biogas plant establish then cost of the biogas fuel is cheap then she will
he will involved in the project. He will supply cow purchase it from the biogas plant. No social
dung to the biogas plant. and cultural barrier to use biogas.

Case-3
Name- Gopal Chowdhury
Family Size-10
Total Cattle- nil
Energy Use for Cooking:
• Kunde- 1kg/day
• Wood-5 kg/day
• Kerosene-2 lit.
• LPG Cylinder- 2 / month
Electricity- Rs 500 in last month (143 units) Total land- 72 Bigha
Electric Appliance use- Manure use- 2 Troli/ Bigha
• Bulb-10 Chemical fertilizer- 100kg / Bigha (mixed)
• TV-1 View About Biogas Plant-
• Fan-10 He knows about the biogas plant. He has
• Tube light-5
interest about biogas plant. If biogas plant
• Computer-1
• Inverter+ Gizzard- 1+1 establish then he will involved in the project
Tube well: 5 (4-6HP, 1-5HP) .He will be supported if needed.
 P a g e | 32

COW DUNG CAKE ( KUNDE)

WOOD- CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCE

COW DUNG

CHILDREN ARE STUDING IN KEROSENE LIGHT

PRIMARY INFORMATION COLLECTION FROM

FARMER
 P a g e | 33

ANNEXURE -I

Action plan

Date Main Task Steps Expected output

25th January Arrival at NLRI Ratlam

26th January Inception workshop at NLRI to assign the project to NIRD participants and finalize their
synopsis

27th January Literature review at Knowledge centre NLRI

28th -30th January Field Visit of Panched Village Meeting with key members Rapport Building
established in
Short group meeting , transect walk
village
Village meeting , FGD etc

31th January Sunday Checklist preparation Rough idea

1-6th February Primary Data collection Finalize the participatory tools to be Primary Data
use in the village collected from
Village
Furnish the data by participatory
exercise

7th February Sunday

8th February Review by Field Guide

9-10th February Secondary Data collection GP, Animal husbandry , agriculture All secondary data
farm manager collected

10th -13th Reconnaissance survey Develop checklist and schedules

February

Furnish the data in field

14th February Sunday Review and develop tables and figure from data
 P a g e | 34

15th -16th Desk research Review the relevant documents , review , project reports
February Processing and analysis of data

17th Feb Review and short presentation in front of Field guide and NIRD Sir.

18th -20th Feb Report writing

21st February Sunday & Review of report

22nd February Sharing of report with Head, NLRI , Presentation of Key findings of report at NLRI

23rd February Some Modification

24th February Depart to NIRD

ANNEXURE-II

SI NAME OF THE OFFICIAL MEET DEPARTMENT DESIGNATION CONTACT NO. IF

ANY
1 Mr. Gopal Chowdhary PRI Sarpanch -----------

2 Mr. Dipak Kr. Rathor PRI Secretary 9752162195

3 Mr. Satyanaryan Yogi PRI Pattoari 990700633

4 Mr. A. R. Power Veterinary AVFO 9406815200

Hospital
5 Mr. Krishnakanta Pathok Agriculture Farm Manager 9827718197
Farm
6 Mr. Jiten Rathor Fertilizer Society Branch Manager 9827838944

7 Mr. Mannalal Rathor Dairy Secretary 0741269358

Cooperative
8 Mr. Nanadala kiraniya Govt. High Head master --------------
school
 P a g e | 35

ANNEXURE- III

SI Name Of Some Villgers With Whom Meet No of Family member

1 Tarabhai Raw 7
2 Phakir chand 4
3 Verulal Chowdhury 7
4 Khalid mansuri 4
5 Phakir Mahommad 6
6 Hazi Muztava 6
7 Ambaram Gauri 9
8 Haphiz Saha 10
9 Omprakash Sharma 6
10 Laxminaryan Jat 7
11 Gobinda Yadava 4
12 Mangila rather 4
13 Sankarlal Rather 5

ANNEXURE -IV

Commonly used fuels Calorific values in Kilo calories Thermal efficiency

Bio-gas 4713/M3 60%
Dung cake 2093/Kg 11%
Firewood 4978/Kg 17.3%
Diesel (HSD) 10550/Kg 66%
Kerosene 10850/Kg 50%
Petrol 11100/Kg ---

ANNEXURE-V

Name of the fuel Kerosene Fire-wood Cow-dung cakes Electricity

Equivalent quantities to 0.620 3.474 kg 12.296 kg 4.698 kWh

1 m3 of Bio-gas