REVIEWER IN MAPEH 10 (SECOND QUARTER)

6. Juju

MUSIC
Quarter II: AFRO-LATIN AMERICAN
AND POPULAR MUSIC
African traditional music

Used primarily in ceremonial

rites, such as birth, death
marriage, succession, worship
and spirit invocations.

TYPES:
1. Afrobeat
> used to describe the fusion of West
African with black American music.
2. Apala
>musical genre from Nigeria in the Yoruba
tribal style to wake up the worshippers
after fasting during the muslim holy feast
of Ramadan.

3. Axe
>
a popular musical genre from
Salvador, Bahia, and Brazil. It fuses
the Afro-Caribbean styles of the
marcha, reggae, and calypso.

> popular music style from Nigeria

that relies on the traditional Yoruba
rhythms, where the ins. In Juju are
more Western in origin.
7. Kwassa Kwassa
> dance style begun in Zaire in
1980s, popularized by Kanda Bongo
Man.The hips move back and forth
while the arms move following the
hips.
8. Marabi
> S. African three-chord township
music of the 1930s-1960s which
evolved into African Jazz.
LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC
INFLUENCED BY AFRICAN MUSIC
1. Reggae
> Jamaican sound dominated by bass
guitar and drums.
> strongly influenced by traditional
mento and calypso music, as well as
American jazz, and rhythm and blues.

4. Jit

2. Salsa

> A hard and fast percussive

Zimbabwean dance music played on
drums with guitar,
influenced by
mbira-based guitar styles.

> Salsa music is Cuban, Puerto Rican,

and Colombian dance music. It
comprises various musical genres
including the Cuban son montuno,
guaracha, chachacha, mambo and
bolero.

5. Jive
> popular form of S. African music
featuring a lively and uninhibited
variation of the jitterbug, a form of
swing dance.

3. Samba
> the basic underlying rhythm that
typifies most Brazilian music. It is a

lively and rhythmical dance and music

with three steps to every bar, making
the Samba feel like a timed dance

3.Soul
> popular music genre that was
originated in US

4. Soca

4. Spiritual
> associated with a deeply religious
person, refers here to a Negro spiritual

> modern Trinidadian and Tobago pop

music combining soul and calypso
music.
5. Were
> is Muslim music performed often as
a wake-up call for early breakfast and
prayers during Ramadan celebrations.
6. Zouk
> Zouk is fast, carnival-like hythmic
music, from the Creole slang word for
party, originating in the Carribean
Islands of Guadaloupe and Martinique
and popularized in the 1980s.
VOCAL FORMS OF AFRICAN MUSIC
1. Maracatu
> first surfaced in the African state of
Pernambuco, combining the strong
rhythms
ofAfrican
percussion
instruments with Portuguese melodies.
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS USED IN
MARACATU
> Alfaia - larged wooden drum
> Tarol - shallow snare drum
> Caixa-de-guerra - war-like snare
> Gongue - metal cowbell
> Agbe - goured shaker covered by
beads
> Miniero - metalcylindricl shaker
2. Blues
>
musical form of the late 19th
century that has had deep roots in
African- American communities

5. Call and Response

> succession of two distinct musical
phrases usually rendered by different
musicians
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF AFRICA
Classifications of Traditional African
Instruments

A. Idiophones - percussion instruments

that are either struck with a mallet or
against one another.
1. Balafon - West African xylophone
2. Rattles - objects that are either
joined or suspended in such a way as
they hit each other.
3. Agogo - a single bell or multiple
bells that had its origins in traditional
Yoruba music and also in the samba
baterias (percussion) ensembles.
4.Atingting Kon - slit gongs used to
communicate between villages.
5. Slit drum hollow percussion ins.
6. Djembe - shaped like a large goblet
and played with bare hands.
7. Shekere - gourd and shell
megaphone from West Africa
8. Rasp - hand percussion instrument
whose sound is produced by scraping
the notches on a piece of wood
B. Membranophones - ins. which have
vibrating animal membranes used in
drums.
1. Body Percussion
2. Talking drum

C. Lamellaphone - a set of plucked

tongues or keys mounted on a sound
board.

c. Carribean Cuba, Dominican

Republic,
Guadeloupe,
Haiti,
Martinique, and Puerto Rico

1. Mbira

d. Brazil

D. Chordophones ins. Which produce

sounds from the vibration of strings.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Musical bow
Lute
Kora
Zither
Zeze

E. Aerophones ins. which are

produced initially by trapped vibrating
air columns or which enclose a body of
vibrating air.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Flutes
Horns
Reed pipes
Whistles
Trumpets

MUSIC OF LATIN AMERICA

> The music of Latin America is the
product of three major influences:
Indigenous , Spanish-Portuguese,
African
> Sometimes called Latin music, it
includes the countries that have had a
colonial history from Spain and
Portugal, divided into the following
areas:
a. Andean region (a mountain system
of western South America along the
Pacific coast from Venezuela to Tierra
del Fuego) Argentina, Bolivia, Chile,
Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela
b. Central America Belize, Costa
Rica,
El
Salvador,
Guatemala,
Honduras, and Panama

INFLUENCES ON LATIN AMERICAN

MUSIC
1. Indigenous Latin-American Music
> Before the arrival of the Spanish,
Portuguese, and other European
colonizers, the natives were found to
be using local drum and percussion
instruments such as the guiro,
maracas, and turtle shells, and wind
instruments such as zampona (pan
pipes) and quena (notched-end flutes)
remain popular and are traditionally
made out of the same aquatic canes,
although PVC pipe is sometimes used
due to its resistance to heat, cold, and
humidity.
> Generally, quenas only are played
during the dry season. Materials came
from hollow tree trunks, animal skins,
fruit shells, dry seeds, cane and clay,
hardwood trees, jaguar claws, animal
and human bones, and speciallytreated inflated eyes of tigers.
2. Native American/Indian Music
> The ethnic and cultural groups of
the principal native Americans share
many similar yet distinctive music
elements
pertaining
to
melody,
harmony, rhythm, form, and dynamics.
>Short
musical
motives
from
descending melodic lines were a
common
feature,
where
tempo,
rhythm, and tone colors vary with the
specific occasion or ritual.

> Some of the Native American music

includes courtship songs, dancing
songs, and popular American or
Canadian tunes like Amazing Grace,
Dixie, Jambalaya, and Sugar Time.
3. Afro-Latin American Music
> The African influence on Latin
American music is most pronounced in
its rich and varied rhythmic patterns
produced by the drums and various
percussion instruments.
4. Euro-Latin American Music
>The different regions of Latin
America
adopted
various
characteristics from their European
colonizers.
5. Mixed African music
> This musical fusion of Latin America
combining native instruments with
European counterparts and musical
theories was further enriched by the
instruments brought by the African
slaves.
6. Popular Latin American Music
>
Some of these Latin American
popular music forms are tango, bossa
nova, samba, son, and salsa.
A. Samba
> is a dance form of African origins
around 1838 which evolved into an
African-Brazilian invention in the
working class and slum districts of Rio
de Janeiro
Batucada- most adventurous kind of
Samba
B. Son
> is a fusion of the popular music or
canciones (songs) of Spain and the
African rumba rhythms of Bantu origin
> Originated in Cuba
C. Salsa
> is a social dance with marked
influences from Cuba and Puerto Rico

that started in New York in the mid

1970s
Jazz - It was an offshoot of the music
of African slaves who migrated to
America.
Ragtime - an American popular
musical style mainly for piano,
originating in the Afro- American
communities in St. Louis and New
Orleans.
Big Band - a large ensemble form
originating in the United States in the
mid 1920s closely associated with the
Swing Era with jazz elements.
Bebop - musical style of modern jazz
which is characterized by a fast
tempo, instrumental virtuosity, and
improvisation that emerged during
World War II.
Ballad - expressive folksong in
narrative verse with text dealing
typically about love.
Standard - used to denote the most
popular and enduring songs from a
particular genre or style, such as those
by Irving Berlin, Cole Porter, and
Rodgers and Hart.
Hip hop - music is a stylized, highly
rhythmic type of music that usually
(but not always)includes portions of
rhytmically chanted words called
rap.
Alternative music - an underground
independent form of music that arose
in the 1980s.

ARTS
Quarter II: TECHNOLOGY-BASED
ART
Technology-based art
> is essentially computer-generated
and/or manipulated.
Computer/Digital Arts

> first came on the scene in the

early 1960s
> make use of electronic and
mechanical devices, rather than the
artists own hand, to produce the
desired images and effects. Thus,
these are definitely technology-based
art forms. In recent decades, personal
gadgets such as laptops, tablets, and
android phones have incorporated the
artistic capabilities of the large-scale
computers. So it is now possible for
anyone to be a digital artist.
Examples:
Frieder Nake Polygon
drawings, 1965
Georg Nees Schrotter
(Gravel), 1965
Vera Molnar- (Des) Ordes, 1974
Ronald Davis Mountain and
Staurolyte, 1997
Malfred Mohr, 1999
Olga Kisseleva, 2012
Jean-Pierre Hebert, 2007
The Philippine Scene
> In our country, Filipino artists were
likewise influenced by the technology
trend in art.
> From the 1960s to the 1990s, their
computer-generated
works
were
primarily geared towards illustrating
for international comic books. In fact,
Filipino illustrators earned quite a
reputation for their talents and were
highly in demand in this field.
Example : Cityscape
Antonio Gorordo, c 2010-2012
Digital art

Mobile Phone Art

> The mobile phone that you
constantly hold has evolved from a
mere communication tool, into a
creative device that allows you to

generate original works of art for an

entire range of purposes.
phablets - combination
android tablets and phones

of

both

Image manipulation programs

and applications
Pixlr a powerful, free online image editor
Pic Collage allows you to make collages
incorporating photos, stickers, text,
and frames
Photo Grid a downloadable application for
android phones that allows you
to make collages out of images from your photo
gallery
Doodle Booth an iPad application (with a
free downloadable version) that
enables you to doodle on your images using
available stickers
Photo Booth an application for taking
photos and videos using an iPad or
iPad mini (a version for the iPhone, called
SimpleBooth, is also available)
Magic Mirror Booth an iPhone application
that allows you to take
amusing, distorted images, simulating camera
effects
Pic Monkey a free online photo editing tool
that provides filters, frames, text, and
effects to manipulate your images
Flipagram a downloadable application that
allows you to bring your photos to life in short
videos set to music of your choice
Picsart a free photo editor and drawing app.,
as well as a social network for you to share your
art with others.
Sapseed a photo app. That enables you to
enhance, transform, and share your photos: a
free downloadable version for android phone is
available
Instagram a fast and fun way to
share images with others; snap a
photo, choose from among the
available filters, and share via
Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, and more

> Each of these has an extensive

array of special features you can use
to modify your images.
> Among these are: frames, borders,
and banners; filters, cropping in
different shapes, automatic collage or
color change, stickers, text bubbles;
effects such as warp, skew, tunnel,
fish eye, and negative; adding spot
color to only certain elements of an
image; creating a photo montage with
music.

Computer Generated Images

> If you want to create original images

from scratch, you may make your own
illustrations
using
specialized
programs for image generation and
manipulation:

Ex. Adobe Illustrator and Corel Draw

> There are scaled-down versions of
such programs specifically developed
for use on smaller, handheld units like
your personal tablet or android phone.
These enable you to perform virtually
all of the tasks that a program like
Illustrator
performs
but,
almost
literally, in the palm of your hand.
Many of these come at a fraction of
the cost of the more complex
programs or, in some cases, even for
free.
Among such programs are:
Gimp(GNU Image ManipulationProgram)
Paint.net
Inkscape
Xara Extreme
Artweaver
Draw Plus
Pencil
Picasa
Paint Star
Smooth Draw
Spray
Karbon
Adobe Photoshop Express
Corel PaintShop Pro X5

Digital Photography

> Another means of generating an original

image is to capture it first as a digital file.
Point-and-shoot
> type of digital camera which
automatically
makes
all
the
adjustments in lighting, focus, zoom-in
and zoom-out, even removal of red
eye with the user being given some
leeway for slight adjustments.
Digital Single Lens Reflex (DSLR) camera
> provides the film-less and instant review
features of a point-and-shoot type of digital
camera, but gives the photographer much more
artistic freedom and control to select the camera
settings to create the desired final image with the
preferred visual effects.

Basic Tips for Taking Good Photographs

1. Choose a good location. An

interesting location can sometimes
make the difference between a good
and a great photo.
2.
Check
that
the
available
background is relatively simple and
not too cluttered, so that the focus will
be on your chosen subject.
3. Natural light in the outdoors or near
a window is usually the most flattering
or effective for any kind of subject.
Ideally, the best light for photos is
within the first hour after sunrise and
the last hour before sunset.
4. Avoid taking shots facing the light,
as this would make your subject backlit and most of the details would be
lost in shadow.
5. If you intend to take a posed shot,
position your subject where you want
in relation to the location, background,
and source of light.
6. If you intend to take a candid shot,
position yourself where you can
capture the most interesting, amusing,
touching, or engaging moment or
expression.

7. Take a variety of shotsranging

from
far
shots
showing
the
surroundings,
to
medium-distance
shots concentrating on the main
subject, to tight or close-up shots that
focus on details of the subject. You can
then choose from
among all these for the best photo or
photos.

Video Games / Digital Painting / Imaging

Videos
Video Games
> For todays younger generation that
grew up in a digital world, even
entertainment now comes courtesy of
computer devices. A major component
of such entertainment is in the form of
video games of every conceivable
genre, subject matter, and skill level.
> Online tutorials and guides are
available
on
sites
like
e-how,
Instructables, and You Tube. Plus there
are available programs that can be
downloaded and used immediately,
with no need for prior knowledge on
coding or web development.
Examples of such programs are:

Twine
Stencyl
Game Maker

Digital Painting
> method of creating an artwork using a
computer
> refers to a technique using a graphics software
program to create an artwork that is totally
virtual.
> The canvas, brushes, paints, and other tools
are all virtual, existing only within the computer.
And the finished work is also stored in virtual
format, to be shared through cyber space.
Ex: Ctrl+Paint
Video Technology / Imaging Videos

Social media purposes

Another tremendously powerful and
innovative field that digital technology
has revolutionized is that of creating and
presenting videos.

Medical/scientific purposes
Another extremely valuable use of
todays video technology is that of
imaging videos in the fields of medicine
and science