STAT 2220 - Practice Term Test 1

1. The stemplot below displays the number of points scored by the Toronto Raptors for
each of their 41 home games in the 2012/2013 NBA season.
8
9
10
11
12
13

123458888
012233455667778889
001222355689
4
3

What is the interquartile range for the number of points scored by the Raptors in these
games?
(A) 10

(B) 10.5

(C) 11

(D) 11.5

(E) 12

2. The value (in $) of the last ten receipts at a gas station are shown below, with the lowest
values (receipts below $10) denoted as L:
30 L 20

56

35 L

15

70

23

50

What is the value of the first quartile for these data?

(A) 15

(B) 20

(C) 21.5

(D)

15 + L
2

(E)

20 + L
2

3. Consider the following variables:

Area code (Vancouver 604, Edmonton 780, Calgary 403, etc.)
Weight class of a professional boxer (lightweight, middleweight, heavyweight, etc.)
Office number of a Statistics professor in Machray Hall
These three variables are, respectively:
(A) categorical and ordinal, categorical and ordinal, categorical and nominal
(B) categorical and nominal, categorical and ordinal, categorical and nominal
(C) categorical and nominal, categorical and nominal, categorical and ordinal
(D) categorical and ordinal, categorical and nominal, quantitative
(E) categorical and nominal, categorical and ordinal, categorical and ordinal

STAT 2220 Sample Midterm Test 1A

Part A
The next two questions (4 and 5) refer to the following:
The first two questions (1 and 2) refer to the following:
The sport of boxing divides its athletes into different weight classes in order to make the
competition
fair. divides
The side-by-side
box plots
below
display
the the
weights
The sportmore
of boxing
its athletesquantile
into different
weightshown
classes
in order
to make
competition fairer.
(in pounds)
of a random
of boxplots
50 Cruiserweight
boxers
and the
49 weights
Heavyweight
boxers.
The side-by-side
basic sample
(quantile)
shown below
display
(in pounds)
of a random
sample of 50 Cruiserweight boxers and 49 Heavyweight boxers.

320

300

280

260

240

220

200
Cruiserweight

Heavyweight

The five number summaries for the two weight classes are shown below:
The five number summaries for the two weight classes are shown below:
Minimum Q1
Median
Q3
Maximum
220 226230230 250
Cruiserweight Cruiserweight:
204
220 204 226
250
Heavyweight:
270
295
304
312
320
Heavyweight
270
295
304
312
320

the following
statements
4. 1.
Which Which
of the of
following
statements
is/areis/are
true?true?
I. Any
with with
a weight
less less
thanthan
205205
pounds
or or
greater
I. Cruiserweight
Any Cruiserweight
a weight
pounds
greaterthan
than245
245pounds
pounds would be
wouldconsidered
be considered
an
outlier.
an outlier.
II.
There
are
about
37 Cruiserweights
in the
sample
weigh
more
than
pounds.
II. There are about 37 Cruiserweights
in the
sample
whowho
weigh
more
than
220220
pounds.
III. The distribution of weights for the Heavyweights is skewed to the right.
III. The distribution of weights for the Heavyweights is skewed to the right.
(A) I only
(B) III only
(C) I and II only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II and III
(A) I
(B) II
(C) I and II
(D) II and III
(E) I, II and III

2.

What is the median weight of all 99 boxers in the sample (Cruiserweights and Heavyweights)
combined?
Page 2
(A) 250
(B) 265
(C) 270
(D) 285
(E) 260

5. What is the median of all 99 boxers in the sample (Cruiserweights and Heavyweights)
combined?
(A) 250

(B) 265

(C) 270

(D) 285

(E) 260

The next two questions (6 and 7) refer to the following:

The frequency distribution shown below displays the daily saturated fat intake (in grams)
for a sample of people.
Saturated Fat Intake
10 20
20 30
30 40
40 50
50 60
60 70
70 80

Frequency
18
19
20
8
4
3
1

6. The distribution of saturated fat intake is:

(A) skewed to the left and so the mean is greater than the median.
(B) skewed to the right and so the mean is greater than the median.
(C) skewed to the left and so the median is greater than the mean.
(D) skewed to the right and so the median is greater than the mean.
(E) approximately symmetric and so the mean and median are approximately equal.

7. Which interval contains the median saturated fat intake for the sample?
(A) 20 30
(B) 30 40
(C) 40 50
(D) 50 60
(E) impossible to determine with the information given.

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Thenext
next
two
questions
(8 and
9) refer
to following:
the following:
The
two
questions
(9 and
10) refer
to the
The average number of goals per game for the 30 National Hockey League teams and
The
number
of goals
per teams
game for
National
Hockey
teams
29
the
29average
American
Hockey
League
for the
the30
2009/10
season
areLeague
displayed
in and
the the
sideAmerican
Hockey
League
teams
for
the
2009/10
season
are
displayed
in
the
side-by-side
basic
by-side basic (quantile) box plots shown below:
(quantile) boxplots shown below:

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0
NHL

AHL

Some summary statistics for the two distributions are shown below:
Some summary statistics for the two distributions are shown below:
Min
Q1
med
Q3
max
mean std. dev.
min
Q
M
Q
max
mean
NHL 2.51 2.65
2.74
2.90
2.85 std.
0.29dev.
1
e
3 3.88
3.88 2.92
2.85
0.29
AHL NHL
2.41 2.51
2.60 2.65
2.93 2.74
3.052.904.28
0.38
AHL 2.41 2.60 2.93 3.05 4.28 2.92
0.38
9.

Which of the following statements is/are true?

8. Which of the following statements is/are true?
I.
The interquartile range for the AHL is greater than that for the NHL.
II.
The
distributionrange
of goals
NHL teams
skewed
to the
right.
I. The interquartile
for per
the game
AHL for
is greater
thanisthat
for the
NHL.
III.
About 7 AHL teams scored more than 3.05 goals per game.
II. The distribution of goals per game for NHL teams is skewed to the right.

(A)About
I only 7 AHL
(B) teams
I and IIscored
only more
(C)than
I and3.05
III only
(D)game.
II and III only
III.
goals per
10.

(E) I, II and III

(A) I
(B) I and II
(C) I and III
(D) II and III
(E) I, II and III
The NHL consists of 24 teams from the U. S. and 6 Canadian teams. The mean number of goals
per game for Canadian teams was 2.74. What was the mean number of goals for the U. S. teams?

(A) 2.88

(B) 2.90

(C) 2.92
Page 4

(D) 2.94

(E) 2.96

9. The NHL consists of 24 teams from the US and 6 Canadian teams. The mean number
of goals per game for Canadian teams was 2.74. What was the mean number of goals
for the US teams?
(A) 2.88

(B) 2.90

(C) 2.92

(D) 2.94

(E) 2.96

10. A father drops his three children off at the movie theatre and gives them each $25 to
spend. After each of the children buys a movie ticket for $9, what is the standard
deviation of the amounts of money the children have left?
(A) $3.00

(B) $2.12

(C) $4.00

(D) $2.83

(E) $0.00

11. Consider the following data set:

4

What is the standard deviation for this data set?

(A) 4.69

(B) 27.5

(C) 3.36

(D) 22.0

(E) 5.24

12. Which of the following sample measures is resistant to the effect of outliers?
(A) mean
(B) range
(C) first quartile
(D) standard deviation
(E) correlation

13. We would like to make a histogram (with vertical bars) of the number of vehicle thefts
last year in all North American cities with population over one million people. The
horizontal and vertical axes represent, respectively:
(A) city and number of thefts.
(B) population and frequency.
(C) population and number of thefts.
(D) number of thefts and frequency.
(E) number of thefts and population.

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14. A small graduate class of three students writes a math test. The student who finished
writing the fastest got the highest score in the class. The student who finished second
got the second highest score, and the student who took the longest to write the test got
the lowest score. Let X be the time it takes for a student to write the test and let Y be
the students test score. What can be said about the correlation r between X and Y for
this class?
(A) There is a perfect negative linear relationship between X and Y , and so r = 1.
(B) The correlation between X and Y is negative, but not necessarily equal to 1.
(C) There is no linear relationship between X and Y , and so r = 0.
(D) There is perfect positive linear relationship between X and Y , and so r = 1.
(E) The correlation between X and Y is positive, but no necessarily equal to 1.

15. Which of the following statements about the least squares regression line is (are) true?
I. The slope of the least squares regression line always has the same sign as the
correlation.
II. The least squares regression line is the line that minimizes the sum of residuals.
III. The least squares regression line is the line that maximizes the value of the correlation.
(A) I

(B) II

(C) I and II

(D) I and III

(E) I, II and III

16. We want to calculate the correlation r between two variables X and Y . Which of the
following conditions are necessary for r to be a meaningful measure of association?
I. X and Y are both quantitative variables.
II. The relationship between X and Y is linear.
III. X is an explanatory variable and Y is a response variable.
(A) I

(B) II

(C) I and II

(D) I and III

(E) I, II and III

17. Three friends took the same university course. Each of them scored 25% lower on the
final exam than they did on the midterm test (i.e., each students mark was only 75%
of their midterm mark). What is the correlation between midterm score and final score
for these three friends?
(A) 0.25

(B) 1

(C) 0.75
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(D) 1

(E) 0.25

18. Can a students midterm score be used to predict his final exam score? The midterm
scores X (out of 50) and the final exam scores Y (out of 100) are measured on a sample of
students in a large class. The least squares regression line is calculated to be y = 8+1.8x.
What would be the equation of the least squares regression line if we had instead recorded
the students midterm score as a percentage (i.e., out of 100)?
(A) y = 8 + 0.9x
(B) y = 16 + 3.6x
(C) y = 8 + 1.8x
(D) y = 16 + 0.9x
(E) y = 8 + 3.6x

19. Data are collected for some explanatory variable X and some response variable Y and the
correlation r and the least-squares regression line are calculated. Which of the following
statements is false?
(A) The correlation tells us the direction of the linear relationship between X and Y .
(B) The correlation measures the strength of the linear relationship between X and Y .
(C) The slope of the regression line tells us the direction of the linear relationship between X and Y .
(D) The slope of the regression line measures the strength of the linear relationship
between X and Y .
(E) If the correlation is equal to 0, then the slope must be equal to 0.

Page 7

The next four questions (20 to 23) refer to the following:

We would like to know if the amount of sodium can be predicted by the amount of sugar
in breakfast cereals. A random sample of 20 popular breakfast cereals was collected and
the equation of the regression line is calculated to be y = 0.244 0.007x.

20. What is the correct interpretation of the slope of the least squares regression line?
(A) When the sugar content increase by 1 gram, we predict sodium content will increase
by 0.007 grams.
(B) When the sodium content increase by 1 gram, we predict sugar content will decrease
by 0.007.
(C) When the sugar content increases by 0.007 grams, we predict sodium content will
decrease by 1 gram.
(D) When the sugar content increases by 1 gram, we predict sodium content will decrease
by 0.007 grams.
(E) When the sodium content increases by 0.007 grams, we predict sugar content will
decrease by 1 gram.

21. Fruit loops cereal has a sodium content of 0.13 grams and a sugar content of 13 grams.
What is the value of the residual for Fruit Loops?
(A) 0.153

(B) 0.023

(C) 0.086

(D) 0.153

(E) 0.023

22. From the data, we calculate that 18.8% of the variation in sodium content can be accounted for by its regression on sugar content. What is the value of correlation r?
(A) 0.188

(B) 0.434

(C) 0.035

Page 8

(D) 0.188

(E) 0.434

23. Suppose we measured both sugar content and sodium content in milligrams instead of
grams (1 g = 1000 mg) and we recalculated the regression line and the correlation.
Which of the following statements is true?
(A) The intercept would change but the slope and correlation would remain the same.
(B) The slope would change but the intercept and the correlation would remain the
same.
(C) The intercept and the slope would change but the correlation would remain the
same.
(D) The slope and the correlation would change but the intercept would remain the
same.
(E) The intercept, the slope and the correlation would all remain the same.

24. A local research firm often uses newspaper advertisements to invite individuals to volunteer for various experiments the firm is planning to conduct. One such study was to
determine if a newly formulated cream had any beneficial effect on individuals suffering
with psoriasis (a skin condition). Psoriasis patients were invited to participate in a study
with volunteers to be given either the new cream of the most popular cream currently
on the market, with similar appearance and feel as the new cream. What conclusions
can be drawn from such a study?
(A) Useful information can be gained from studies such as this, provided that treatments
are randomly assigned to the individuals.
(B) Because there is bias associated with the selection of subjects, nothing can be concluded.
(C) In such a study there is great potential for the presence of confounding or lurking
variables, so little information can be gained.
(D) Little if anything can be concluded because this is an observational study.
(E) Because no placebo group is included, little will be learned from such studies.

Page 9

25. Which of the following studies uses a matched pairs design?

I. Which cola tastes better Pepsi or Coke? In a blind taste test, volunteers were
asked to taste each of the colas (in random order) and to score the taste of each
of them out of 10. The colas were compared by tabulating the differences in scores
for each volunteer.
II. Do students perform better on multiple-choice of long-answer exams? A math
professor teaches two sections of an introductory course. He randomly chooses one
of the sections to write a multiple-choice exam and the other to write a long-answer
exam. Scores for the two sections will be compared.
III. Is it easier to remember words or images? Ten set of twins are available to participate in a study. One twin is randomly assigned to study a list of 50 words and the
other studies a page with 50 images. After 30 minutes, they are asked to list as
many words or images as they can remember. The number of correct answers will
be compared for each set of twins.
(A) I

(B) I and II

(C) II and III

(D) I and III

(E) I, II and III

26. An amateur gardener planted a different variety of tomatoes this year than he did last
year. He put in six plants the previous year and six plants this year using the same part
of the garden. The average yield was 11.3 pounds per plant in the previous year and
14.5 pounds per plant using the new variety this year. This is an example of:
(A) a completely randomized design.
(B) a multistage design, because two years were involved.
(C) a matched pairs design.
(D) an observational study.
(E) a randomized block design with two blocks.

Page 10

27. An experiment is being conducted to study the effectiveness of different brands of sunscreen and SPF (sun protection factor) levels. Volunteers will be randomly assigned to
apply either Coppertone or Ombrelle sunscreen, with an SPF level of either 30 or 60.
Subjects will spend eight hours outside in the sun, and the degree of sunburn (if any)
will be compared for all treatments. What is/are the factor(s) in this experiment?
(A) degree of sunburn
(B) sunscreen brand and SPF level
(C) Coppertone, Ombrelle, SPF 30, SPF 60
(D) Coppertone/SPF 30, Ombrelle/SPF 30, Coppertone/SPF 60, Ombrelle/SPF 60
(E) time spent outside

28. An experiment is being conducted to compare the effects of five different diet plans on
the weight loss of overweight adults. Fifty men and fifty women volunteer to participate
in the experiment. It is believed that males and females may respond differently to the
various treatments, and so a randomized block design is used. The experiment should
use:
(A) ten blocks five with 10 males and fife with 10 females.
(B) ten blocks each with 5 males and 5 females.
(C) five blocks each with 10 males and 10 females.
(D) two blocks one with all 50 males and one with all 50 females.
(E) two blocks each with 25 males and 25 females.

29. How is randomization used in a matched pairs experiment?

(A) to select pairs to participate in the study
(B) to select which two treatments will be examined in the study
(C) to place individuals in pairs
(D) to assign each of the two treatments within each pair
(E) all of the above

Page 11

The next two question (30 and 31) refer to the following:
An experiment is being conduct to examine the effectiveness of a new migraine headache
medication. One hundred patients suffering from migraine headaches volunteer to participate in the experiment. A doctor places all patients names in a hat and selects 50
of them to receive a pill containing the actual medication and the other 50 to receive
a sugar pill (one with no medication) that looks the same as the pill received by the
first group. The doctor will give the pill to nurse (who will not know whether it is the
actual medication or a sugar pill), who will then give it to the patient (who will not be
told which group they are in). The reported pain relief for the two groups will then be
compared.

30. How many of the following are used in this experiment?

randomization
a placebo
repition
double blinding
a control group
(A) 1

(B) 2

(C) 3

(D) 4

(E) 5

31. Suppose that most of the patients receiving the actual medication report significant pain
relief, while most of the patients receiving the sugar pill report no relief. Can we conclude
that the medication was likely the cause of the pain relief?
(A) No, because we dont know how bad each patients migraines were before the study.
(B) No, because the difference in response is likely due to the placebo effect.
(C) No, because the patients participating in the sudsy were not selected randomly.
(D) No, because not all patients in the medication group reported significant pain relief.
(E) Yes, because this was a properly designed experiment.

Page 12

32. A doctor would like to examine how smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol affect
a persons weight. During routine physical examinations, the doctor asks her patients
whether they smoke and drink. She examines the files of 50 patients who smoke cigarettes
and drink alcohol and records their weights. She does the same for 50 patients who
neither smoke nor drink. She calculates that the average weight of those who smoke and
drink is significantly higher than those who dont. Which of the following statements it
true?
(A) It is clear that at least on of the behaviours (smoking or drinking) causes weight
gain.
(B) It is clear that both smoking and drinking cause weight gain.
(C) Little if anything can be concluded because the subjects were not randomly selected
to participate in the study.
(D) Little if anything can be concluded because the subjects did not volunteer to participate in the study.
(E) Little if anything can be concluded because this is an observational study and the
effect of smoking and drinking on weight gain are confounded.

33. A new formula for a cough syrup is being tested. It is given to 500 people suffering from
colds. Within four days, 450 of the patients report that their cold is gone. Which of the
following statements is true?
(A) The new cold medication has been shown to be effective, as 90% of patients colds
went away.
(B) The cold medication has not been shown to be effective, because not all patients
colds went away.
(C) The cold medication has not been shown to be effective, because most patients who
got better probably did so because of the placebo effective.
(D) The cold medication has not been shown to be effective because the experiment was
not conducted properly. A control group should have been included, consisting of
patients with colds who were given a placebo.
(E) The cold medication has not been shown to be effective because the experiment was
not conducted properly. A control group should have been included, consisting of
patients without colds who were given the same cough syrup.

Page 13

The next two question (34 and 35) refer to the following:
Former Manitoba Premier Gary Doer was recently appointed as Canadian Ambassador
to the United States. His office commissions a telephone survey in order to study the
relations between the people of the two countries. A simple random sample of 20 people
is contacted from each of the 50 American states. Respondents are asked whether they
have a favourable opinion of Canadians.

34. The population of interest in this study is:

(A) all Canadians
(B) all Americans
(C) all Canadians and all Americans
(D) all Americans with a favourable opinion of Canadians
(E) the 50 American states

35. The resulting sample of 100 Americans is a:

(A) stratified sample.
(B) multistage sample.
(C) simple random sample.
(D) randomized block sample.
(E) systematic sample.

36. A simple random sample of size n is the only type of sample that guarantees that:
(A) every individual in the population has a known chance of being selected into the
sample.
(B) every individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected into the
sample.
(C) every group of n individuals has an equal chance of being selected into the sample.
(D) results will not be biased.
(E) all of the above.

Page 14

37. A stratified random sample is conducted by:

(A) grouping the subjects using some criteria, then randomly selecting subjects from
each group to interview.
(B) randomly selecting subjects to interview, then grouping the subjects using some
criteria.
(C) grouping the subjects using some criteria, then randomly selecting entire groups to
interview.
(D) randomly selecting subjects to interview, then randomly selecting groups to interview.
(E) randomly grouping the subjects, then randomly selecting the subjects from each
group to interview.

38. Consider the following three situations:

I. Jim phoned a number he saw on the 6:00 news to respond to a survey question.
II. Mary hung up on the phone when she heard the person calling was from a polling
firm.
III. Matthew had no chance of begin selected in the phone survey because he doesnt
have a phone.
The types of bias present in these three examples are, respectively:
(A) voluntary response, undercoverage, nonresponse
(B) convenience sampling, nonresponse, undercoverage
(C) voluntary response, nonresponse, undercoverage
(D) convenience sampling, undercoverage, undercoverage
(E) voluntary response, nonresponse, nonresponse

Page 15

39. Which of the following statements is false?

(A) A voluntary response sample is not reliable, as individuals who feel strongly about
the issue are overrepresented.
(B) Undercoverage occurs when some individuals in the population have no chance of
being selected into the sample.
(C) In multistage sampling, individuals in the population dont always have the same
change to be selected into the sample.
(D) Nonresponse is a frequent source of bias in telephone surveys.
(E) A convenience sample is reliable as long as the sample size is large.

40. In a particular election, 40% of voters voted for the NDP, 35% voted for the Liberals
and 25% voted for the Conservatives. If we take a random sample of two voters, what
is the probability that they voted for different parties?
(A) 0.345

(B) 0.465

(C) 0.575

(D) 0.655

(E) 0.715

41. Event A has a probability of 0.2 of occurring. Event B has a probability of 0.5 of
occurring. If A and B are mutually exclusive, then P (A and B) is equal to:
(A) 0.0

(B) 0.1

(C) 0.2

(D) 0.6

(E) 0.7

42. A hockey player scores a goal in 43% of his games. His team wins 65% of their games.
In 31% of the teams games, the player scores a goal and the team wins. What is the
probability that the team wins if the player does not score a goal?
(A) 0.3595

(B) 0.4625

(C) 0.4985

(D) 0.5965

(E) 0.6345

43. You roll three fair dice. What is the probability that the total number of points facing
up is at least 17?
(A)

1
216

(B)

2
216

(C)

3
216

Page 16

(D)

4
216

(E)

5
216

The next four questions (44 to 47) refer to the following:

The manager of a gas station and convenience store compiles the following information:
60% of customers purchase gasoline (G).
35% of customers purchase a drink (D).
37% of customers purchase cigarettes (C).
21% of customers purchase gas and a drink.
23% of customers purchase gas and cigarettes.
16% of customers purchase a drink and cigarettes.
9% of customers purchase all three items.

44. What is the probability that a customer purchases a drink or cigarettes?

(A) 0.59

(B) 0.13

(C) 0.72

(D) 0.94

(E) 0.56

45. Which of the following statements is true?

(A) G and D are independent.
(B) G and C are mutually exclusive.
(C) D and C are independent.
(D) G and D are mutually exclusive.
(E) G and C are independent.

46. What is P (Gc C), i.e. the probability that a customer buys cigarettes but not gasoline?
(A) 0.14

(B) 0.19

(C) 0.15

(D) 0.23

(E) 0.17

47. If a customer buys a drink, what is the probability that he or she also buys cigarettes?
(A) 0.4571

(B) 0.4324

(C) 0.4987

Page 17

(D) 0.4162

(E) 0.4298

48. Answer each of the following questions:

(a) If a variable Y can be written as a linear function of a variable X, i.e., if y = a + bx,
then show that y = a + b
x and sy = |b|sx .
(b) A phone company sells prepaid long distance phone cards. For each call, the customer is charged a base fee of $1.49, plus $0.25 per minute. The mean time for
a sample of calls is calculated to be 12 minutes, and the standard deviation is 7
minutes. What are the mean and standard deviation of charges for this sample of
calls?

49. The time Y it takes (in seconds) for a chemical reaction to take place depends on (among
other things) the temperature X (in C) to which the chemical solution is exposed. Ten
trials are conducted at various temperatures and the reaction time is recorded for each
trial. A scatterplot reveals that a linear relationship is a reasonable assumption. The
least squares regression line is calculated to be y = 87.2 0.5x. It is also observed that
90% of the variation in time is accounted for by its regression on temperature.
(a) What is the value of the correlation between temperature and time?
(b) Interpret the meaning of the slope of the least squares regression line.
(c) For one of the trials, a temperature of 70 C was used, and a reaction time of 54
seconds was observed. What is the value of the residual for this trial?

50. We measure the outdoor temperatures (in C) of a random sample of 18 summer days
in both Winnipeg and Calgary. The five-number summaries for the two cities are shown
below:
City
Winnipeg
Calgary

min Q1
15 24
12 19

Me
26
24

Q3
28
27

max
34
30

(a) Do you expect the mean temperature for Calgary to be less than or greater than
the median? Why?
(b) The temperatures for Winnipeg are shown below:
15 16 19 23 24 24 24 25 26
26 27 27 27 28 29 31 32 34
Create an outlier box plot for this data set. What is the shape of the distribution
if we exclude outliers from consideration?

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51. The owner of an ice cream truck would like to know if the temperature affects the amount
of ice cream he sells. The temperature (in C) and ice cream sales (in $) for a sample of
six days from the past summer are recorded. The sample means and standard deviations
are shown below:

Temperature
Sales

mean std.dev
24.00
4.86
310.00 123.98

A scatterplot of the data reveals that a linear relationship between Temperature and
Sales is an appropriate assumption. The equation of the least squares regression line is
calculated to be y = 231.92 + 22.58x.
(a) Find the value of the correlation between Temperature and Sales.
(b) Interpret the slope of the least squares regression line in this example.
(c) One day, the temperature was 27 C and the ice cream sales were $350. Find the
value of the residual for this day. What does the sign of the residual tell us?
(d) What percentage of the variation in Sales can be accounted for by its regression on
Temperature?

52. Gordon and his wife Michelle are avid gardeners who take pride in maintaining a healthy
green lawn. Over the course of the last summer, Gordon was in charge of maintaining
the grass in the back yard and Michelle cared for the lawn in the front yard. Gordon used
one brand of fertilizer (Brand A) and watered the grass once a week. Michelle used a
different fertilizer (Brand B) and watered the grass twice a week. At the end of summer,
it was apparent that the grass in the front yard looked much greener and healthier than
the grass in the back yard. Michelle argues that this is clear evidence that Fertilizer B is
better than Fertilizer A and that watering the grass twice a week is better than watering
it just once a week. There are many flaws in Michelles reasoning. One problem with
this conclusion is that the front yard gets more sunlight than the back yard.
(a) Explain some other problems with Michelles conclusion.
(b) You are asked to help Gordon and Michelle conduct an experiment together next
summer to determine the optimum growing conditions for their grass. (The couple is
willing to sacrifice the appearance of their lawn for one summer in order to conduct
a proper experiment).
(i) What type of experimental design would you propose?
(ii) Identify the factors, factor levels, treatments and response variable.
(c) Explain to the couple how the experiment should be conducted. Be sure to explain
the role of randomization in your experiment.

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53. An automobile manufacturer would like to examine the effect of speed and type of tire
on the stopping distance of its vehicles in winter driving conditions. Vehicles will be
outfitted with either regular tires or snow tires, and will drive at a speed of either 40,
60 or 80 km/h. The stopping distances will then be compared. Each combination of
factor levels will be tested on three vehicles. The manufacturer believes that the effect
of speed and type of tire may differ for its different models of car, so the experiment is
conducted separately for each model of car they make. Identify each of the following in
this experiment:
(a) Factor(s)
(b) Treatment(s)
(c) Response Variable(s)
(d) Blocking Variable(s)

54. The Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra is performing one night at the Centennial Concert
Hall. A random sample of 22 audience members is selected. Their ages are ordered and
are shown below:
19
55

28
58

33
59

36
60

42
61

45
61

48
65

50
68

61

79

52
70

52 53
72 79

The five-number summary for this data set is:

19

45

54

(a) Construct a modified (outlier) boxplot for this data set. What is the shape of the
distribution of ages?
(b) The same evening, Elton John is performing at MTS Centre. A random sample of
17 audience members is selected. Their ages are recorded and shown below:
17 18 23 25 29 30 33 37 37 41 42 46 49 50 54 54 62
Create a back-to-back stem plot of the ages of audience members at the symphony
and the Elton John concert. Would it be more appropriate to use the five-number
summary or the mean and standard deviation to summarize the distribution of ages
at the Elton John concert? Explain.

Page 20

STAT 2220 Practice Term Test 1 - Solutions

Question Answer
1
D
2
A
3
E
4
C
5
A
6
B
7
A
8
E
9
A
10
E
11
E
12
C
13
D
14
B
15
A
16
C
17
D
18
A
19
D
20
D
21
E
22
E
23
A
24
A
25
D

Question Answer
26
D
27
B
28
D
29
D
30
E
31
E
32
E
33
D
34
B
35
A
36
C
37
A
38
C
39
E
40
D
41
A
42
D
43
D
44
E
45
A
46
A
47
A

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