14 (A Math CD)

CHAPTER
CHAPTER
14
The Straight Line
Paper 1
6. Gradient of line EF
52
=
5 4
3
=
9
1
=
3
1. Gradient of line PQ
QR
=
PR
Answer: A
FG
=
EG
= tan q
Answer: D
7. The straight line with negative gradient is JK.
Answer: C
Answer: C
8. The x-intercept = 4
3. Gradient of the straight line passing through (1, 2)

and (3, 6)
6 (2)
=
31
8
=
2
=4
Answer: C
9. The y-intercept = 7
Answer: B
y-intercept
=
x-intercept
10
=
2
=5
Answer: C
4. Gradient of the straight line passing through (1, 5) and
(3, 4)
45
=
3 1
1
=
4
1
=
4
Answer: B
y-intercept
=
x-intercept
5
=
6
Answer: A
62
=
7 (3)
4
=
10
2
=
5
Answer: C
Answer: C
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.
Mathematics SPM Chapter 14
12. P(0, 1) and Q(2, 5)
17. y = 2x 1
gradient, m = 2
the y-intercept, c = 1
51
Gradient of line PQ, m =
20
4
=
2

=2
The y-intercept, c = 1
Answer: C
1
18. y = x + 5...........................1
2
Substitute (6, 2) into equation 1.
1
2 = (6) + 5
2
2 = 3 + 5
2 = 2
The equation of line PQ is

y = mx + c
y = 2x + 1
Answer: A
1
Hence, (6, 2) lies on the straight line y = x + 5.
2
Answer: B
13. M(0, 2) and N(4, 2)
2 (2)
Gradient of line MN, m =
40
4

=
4

=1
Paper 2
The equation of line MN is

y = mx + c
y = 1x 2
y=x2
1.
Answer: C
Given tan = 2
hence, = 63.43
14. m = 4 and c = 3

y = mx + c
y = 4x + 3
2. (a) Gradient of the straight line passing through

(1, 3) and (2, 5)
53
=
21
2
=
1

=2
Answer: D
15. P(0, 4), Q(4, 0)
40
Gradient of line PQ, m =
04

= 1
(b) Gradient of the straight line passing through

(0, 4) and (4, 0)
04
=
40
4
=
4
= 1

y = mx + c
y = x + 4
Answer: B
(c) Gradient of the straight line passing through

(2, 5) and (3, 1)
1 (5)
=
3 (2)
6
=
5
16. y = 3x 2....................1
The equation of a straight line is
y = mx + c...................2
Compare equations 1 and 2.
m = gradient = 3
c = y-intercept = 2
Answer: A
6.
(d) Gradient of the straight line passing through

(4, 0) and (3, 2)
2 0
=
3 (4)
2
=
7
J(0, 8)
3. Gradient of the straight line passing through (1, 2)

and (6, h)
h (2)
=
61
h+2
=
5
4
Given the gradient =
5
h+2
4
=
hence,
5
5
h + 2 = 4
h = 2
L(4, 0)
(b) Gradient of line LK

80
=
12 4
8
=
8

=1
7.
y
R(0, 10)
Q(3, 6)
(b) Gradient of line PQ

y-intercept
=
x-intercept
6
=
(4)
3
=
2
10
O
(a) The y-intercept of line QR

= 10
(b) Gradient of line QR
10 6
=
0 (3)
4
=
3
y
D
B(0, 4)
8.
4
3
A(3, 0) O
y
18
9 L
y-intercept
(a) Gradient of line AB =
x-intercept
4
4
=

t
3

4t = 4(3)
12

t =
4
= 3
K(18, 0)
1
(a) OL = OK
2
1
= (18)
2
= 9
The coordinates of J = (18, 18)
(b) AB = OA2 + OB2
(b) J(18, 18) and L(0, 9)

Gradient of line JL
9 18
=
0 18
1
=
2
= 32 + 42
= 5 units

BD = AB
= 5 units

K(12, 8)
(a) The coordinates of J = (0, 8)
4. (a) x-intercept = 4
y-intercept = 6
5.
Hence, the coordinates of D = (5, 4)
9.
11. A(2, 3) and m = 4
E(6, h)
G
The equation of line AB is

y = mx + c
3 = 4(2) + c
3 = 8 + c
c = 3 8
= 5
Hence, the equation of line AB is y = 4x 5.
3
12. P(4, 2) and m =
2
y = mx + c
3
2 = (4) + c
2
2 = 6 + c
2 + 6 = c
c = 4
(a) E(6, h) and G(2, 0)
h0
Gradient of line EG =
62
h

2 =
4

h = 2 4
= 8
(b) Let H = (0, k)
k0
Gradient of line GH =
02
k

7 =
2

k = 7 (2)
= 14
3
Hence, the equation of line PQ is y = x + 4.
2
13. The equation of line QR is y = 4.

14. Q(5, 0) and m = 2
Hence, the y-intercept of line GH = 14
10. (a)

y = mx + c
0 = 2(5) + c
0 = 10 + c
c = 10
y
E(0, 16)
Hence, the equation of line PQ is y = 2x + 10.
F(h, 6)
0
G(t, 0)
15. x 2y = 12..................1
(a) Substitute x = 0 into equation 1.
0 2y = 12
2y = 12
y = 6
Let G = (t, 0)
16 0
Gradient of EG =
0t
16

2 =
t
16

t =
2
= 8

(b) Substitute y = 0 into equation 1.

x 2(0) = 12
x = 12

Hence, the x-intercept of line EG = 8
Hence, the x-intercept = 12
16. Gradient of line AB

y-intercept
=
x-intercept
4
=
2
= 2
16 6
(b) Gradient of line EF =
0h
10

2 =
h
10

h =
2
= 5
Hence, the y-intercept = 6
22. Gradient of line QR

= Gradient of line PS
10 4
=
40
6
=
4
3
=
2
For the line CD, m = 2 and c = 6.

The equation of line CD is
y = mx + c
y = 2x + 6
17. Gradient of line QR
= Gradient of line OP
20
=
40
2
=
4
1
=
2
23. Gradient of line BC

= Gradient of line OA
= 2
For the line BC, m = 2 and c = 7.

The equation of BC is
y = mx + c
y = 2x + 7
18. Gradient of line DO

= Gradient of line AB
y-intercept
=
x-intercept
3
=
4
Paper 1
1. Substitute y = 0 into 3x + 2y 12 = 0.
3x + 2(0) 12 = 0
3x = 12
x
= 12
3
= 4
Hence, x-intercept = 4
19. Equation of line PQ:

1
y = x + 3
2
Gradient of line RS
= Gradient of line PQ
1
=
2
Answer: C
20. Equation of line AB:

3x 2y = 8
3x = 2y + 8
2y = 3x 8
8
3
y = x
2
2
3
y = x 4
2
71
=
2 3
6
=
5
Answer: B
3. 3y + kx = 24
3y = kx + 24

y = k x + 8
3
OF : OE = 4 : 3
OF = 4

OE
3
Gradient = 4
3
k
= 4
3
3

k = 4
Gradient of line CD
= Gradient of line AB
3
=
2
21. Gradient of line AB

= Gradient of line OC
50
=
20
5
=
2
Answer: B
4. 2y = 8 x
2y = x + 8
1
y= x+4
2
1
and y-intercept = 4
Gradient =
2
y-intercept
8. Gradient =
x-intercept
y-intercept
2 =
6
3
y-intercept = 2 6
3
= 4
Answer: A
4
0
9. Midpoint of EF = 4 + 6 , 2 + 8
2
2

= (1, 5)
Answer: A
Gradient of GM = 2 5
41
= 7
3
Answer: B
y-intercept
x-intercept
3

=
4
Hence, the y-intercept = 3 and the x-intercept = 4.
5. Gradient =
10. Substitute (0, 4) into y = 2x + c.

4 = 2(0) + c
c=4
The equation of the straight line is y = 2x + 4.
When the straight line intersects x-axis, y = 0.
0 = 2x + 4
x=2
Hence, the point of intersection is (2, 0).
Answer: C
3
0
Answer: A
6
6. 3y + x = 1
5
6
3y = x + 1
5
1
2
y = x +
3
5
2
Hence, the gradient =
5
Answer: D
7.
11. 3x 5y = 15
5y = 3x 15
3
y = x 3
5
Answer: C
P
4
12.
y
5
4 Q
The y-intercept of QR = 4
y-intercept
Gradient of line QR =
x-intercept
4

3 =
x-intercept
4

x-intercept =
3
4
=
3
13 units
F
12
OE2 = EF 2 OF 2
OE =
132 122
=
25

= 5 units
The y-intercept = 5
Answer: B
y-intercept
x-intercept
5
=
12
Gradient of line EF =
Answer: D
13.
1
m = and H(2, 9)
2

The equation of line GH is
y = mx + c
1

9 = (2) + c
2

9 = 1 + c
c = 9 1
= 8
F
x
0
E(1, 4)
1
Hence, the equation of line GH is y = x + 8.
2
1
Substitute y = 0 into y = x + 8.
2
1
0 = x + 8
2
1
x = 8

2

x = 2 8
= 16

m = 3 and E(1, 4)
The equation of line EF is

y = mx + c

4 = 3(1) + c
4 3 = c
c = 7
The equation of line EF is y = 3x 7.

Substitute (4, 5) into y = 3x 7.
5 = 3(4) 7
5 = 12 7
5 = 5
2. (a) Equation of line CD:

4y = x 7
7
1
y = x
4
4

Gradient of line AB

= Gradient of line CD
1
=
4
1
m = and B(4, 6)
4

The equation of line AB is
y = mx + c
1

6 = (4) + c
4

6 = 1 + c
c = 6 1
= 5
Hence, F = (4, 5)
Answer: C
y-intercept
14. Gradient of line PQ =
x-intercept
(4)
1

=
x-intercept
3
x-intercept = 4 (3)
= 12
Answer: D
Paper 2
1. (a) Equation of line EF:
2y + x = 3
2y = x + 3
3
1
y = x +
2
2
3
The y-intercept =
2
1
Hence, the equation of line AB is y = x + 5.
4
1
(b) Substitute y = 0 into y = x + 5.
4
1

0 = x + 5
4
1

x = 5
4
x = 4 5
= 20

3
Hence, the equation of line FG is y = .
2
(b) Gradient of line GH

= Gradient of line EF
1
=
2

3. (a) Equation of line EF:

2y = px + 18
p

y= x+9
2

Equation of line HG:

y = 2x + 7
(b) Substitute y = 0 into y =
3
x8
2
3
x = 8

2
2

x = 8
3
16
=
3
0 =

Gradient of line EF = Gradient of line HG
p
= 2

2

p = 4
(b) Substitute y = 0 into y = 2x + 9.

0 = 2x + 9
6.
Hence, the equation of line QR is y =
(b) Substitute y = 0 into y =

5
11
x
4
2
5
11

x =
4
2
22
x =
5
5
11
x
.
4
2
A(2, 9)
Hence, the x-intercept of line QR is
(a) Gradient of line AD

= Gradient of line BC
0 (6)
=
2 3
6
=
5
6
m = and A(2, 9)
5

The equation of line AD is
y = mx + c
6

9 = (2) + c
5
12

9 = + c
5
12
c = 9
5
33
=
5
5
11
x
.
4
2
Hence, the equation of line AD is

33
6
y = x + .
5
5
33
6
(b) Substitute y = 0 into y = x + .
5
5
33
6
0 = x +
5
5
33
6
x =

5
5
6x = 33
33

x =
6
11
=
2
22
.
5
Hence, the equation of line GH is y =
C(3, 6)
5. (a) Gradient of line GH

3

=
2
3
and G(4, 2)

m=
2

The equation of line GH is y = mx + c
3

2 = (4) + c
2

c = 8

B (2, 0) O
0 =
16
3
2x = 9
9

x =
2
4. (a) Gradient of line QR

= Gradient of line OP
50
=
4 0
5

=
4
Using Q(2, 8) and y = mx + c
5

8 = (2) + c
4
5

8 =
+c
2
11

c =
2
Hence, the x-intercept =
3
x 8.
2
3
x 8.
2
8
11
2
7. (a) Gradient of line GH

60
=
03
6
=
3
= 2
y-intercept
x-intercept
y-intercept
5

=
4
2
45
y-intercept =
2
= 10
m = 2 and G(4, 5)

The equation of line GH is
y = mx + c

5 = 2(4) + c

5 = 8 + c
c = 5 8
= 3

Answer: A
4. P(0, 12), Q(4, 0), R(3, h)
Gradient of line RQ = Gradient of line PQ
h0
12 0
=

3 (4)
0 (4)
12
h
=

4
1
h = 3
Hence, the equation of line GH is y = 2x 3.
(b) Substitute y = 0 into y = 2x 3.

0 = 2x 3
2x = 3
3
x =
2
3

2
Answer: D
5. Q(2, 0), R(6, k)
k0
Gradient of line PQR =
62
k

3 =
4
k = 3 4
= 12
Answer: A
6. Let T = (0, k)
Paper 1
k0
Gradient of line TV =
03
k
4

=
3
3
k = 4
TV2 = OV2 + OT2
= 32 + 42
TV = 25
= 5 units
WV = TV
= 5 units
y-intercept
x-intercept
8

2 =
x-intercept
8
x-intercept =
2
= 4
Answer: A
Hence, the coordinates of point W = (3, 5)
y-intercept
2. Gradient of line EF =
x-intercept
6
3

=
x-intercept
4
64
x-intercept =
3
= 8
Answer: C
7. Substitute x = 0 into 2x 3y = 12.
0 3y = 12
3y = 12
12
y =
3
= 4
Answer: C

Answer: B
8. 3x + 4y = 16
4y = 3x 16
16
3
y = x
4
4
3
y = x 4
4
13. Substitute y = 0 into 2x + 5y 7 = 0.

2x + 0 7 = 0
2x 7 = 0
2x = 7
7
x =
2
3
4
Answer: C
4
14. 2y x = 1
5
4
2y = x + 1
5
4
1

y = x +
2
52
1
2

y = x +
2
5
2
5
Answer: B
2
9. Substitute y = 0 into y = x 4.
3
2
0 = x 4
3
2
4 = x
3
4 3 = 2x
12
x =
2
= 6
Answer: B
Paper 2
Answer: D
1.
10. E(0, 3), F(4, 5)

Gradient of line EF
53
=
40
2
=
4
1
=
2
R(2, 4)
x
0
P(6, 4)
S(0, 4)
(a) Gradient of line PQ

= Gradient of line SR
4 (4)
=
20
8
=
2

=4
Answer: A
11. Substitute point (3, 1) into 2y kx + 7 = 0.
2(1) k(3) + 7 = 0
2 3k + 7 = 0

9 = 3k
9
k =
3
= 3
m = 4 and P(6, 4)

y = mx + c

4 = 4(6) + c

4 = 24 + c
4 + 24 = c
c = 20

Hence, the equation of line PQ is y = 4x + 20.
Answer: C
12. Substitute x = 0 into 4x 5y = 20.
0 5y = 20
5y = 20
20
y =
5
= 4
(b) Substitute y = 0 into y = 4x + 20.

0 = 4x + 20
20 = 4x
20
x =
4
= 5

Answer: C
10
2.
7
1
4
4
7
1
0 = x +
4
4
1
7
= x
4
4
x = 7
y
H(5, 6)
G(3, 6)
0
E(0, 4)
F(3, 4)
(a) The equation of line EF is y = 4.
4.
(b) The coordinates of G are (3, 6).

(c) Gradient of line HE
6 (4)
=
5 0
10
=
5
= 2
R(3, k)
P(0, 2)
Q(3, 0)
(a) Equation of line PQ:

2x + 3y = 6.............................1
m = 2 and c = 4

The equation of line HE is
y = mx + c
y = 2x 4
Substitute x = 0 into equation 1.

2(0) + 3y = 6
6
y =
3
= 2
Substitute y = 0 into y = 2x 4.
0 = 2x 4
2x = 4
x = 2

Hence, P = (0, 2)
Substitute y = 0 into equation 1.
2x + 3(0) = 6
2x = 6
6
x =
2
= 2
3. (a) Gradient of line BC

= Gradient of line OA
10
=
40
1
=
4
1
m = and C(1, 2)
4
Hence, Q = (3, 0)

The equation of line QR is x = 3.
(b) Gradient of PQ
20
=
03
2
=
3

The equation of line BC is
y = mx + c
1

2 = (1) + c
4
1
2 = c
4
7
c =
4

Hence, the equation of line BC is
7
1
y = x + .
4
4
Let R = (3, k)
k2
Gradient of line PR =
30
k2
1
=

2
3
3

k 2 =
2
3

k = + 2
2
7
=
2
7
2

m = and R(3, )
2
3

11
(b) Let L = (0, p)
The equation of the straight line parallel

to line PQ and passing through point R is

y = mx + c
2
7
= (3) + c

3
2
7
= 2 + c

2
7
c = + 2
2
11
=
2

y-intercept
Gradient of line LM =
x-intercept
p
1
=

6
2
6

p =
2

p = 3

11
2
Hence, the equation is y = x + .
2
3
Hence, the coordinates of L are (0, 3).
7.
y
S
5. (a) The equation of line CD is y = 3.

(b) Gradient of line BC

= Gradient of line AD
30
=
0 (1)
3
=
1

=3
Q(4, 10)
(a) Gradient of line RS

4 (10)
=
04
6
=
4
3
=
2
(c) The y-intercept of line BC is 12.
3
m = and R(4, 0)
2

The equation of line RS is
y = mx + c
3

0 = (4) + c
2

0 = 6 + c
c = 6
y
N(6, 10)
P
O
L
M(6, 0)
3
Hence, the equation of line RS is y = x + 6.
2
(b) The y-intercept = 6
1
(a) m = and N(6, 10)
2

The equation of line PN is
y = mx + c
1
10 = (6) + c
2
10 = 3 + c
10 3 = c
c = 7
8. (a) Gradient of line SRT

31
=
4 4
2
=
8
1
=
4
Hence, the equation of line PN is

1
y = x + 7.
2
P(0, 4)
m = 3 and B(4, 0)

The equation of line BC is
y = mx + c

0 = 3(4) + c
c = 12

Hence, the equation of line BC is y = 3x 12.
6.
R(4, 0)
12
10. (a) Gradient of MN = 2

6k
= 2

20

6 k = 2 2

6 k = 4

6 4 = k

k = 2
1
m = and R(2, 9)
4

The equation of line SRT is
y = mx + c
1

9 = (2) + c
4
1

9 = + c
2
19
c =
2
(b) m = 2 and T(0, 9)

The equation of line ST is
y = mx + c
y = 2x + 9
Hence, the equation of line SRT is

19
1
y = x + .
2
4
(c) Substitute y = 0 into y = 2x + 9.

0 = 2x + 9
9 = 2x
9

x =
2
9

2
19
1
2
4
19
1
0 = x +
2
4
19
1
x =

2
4
19
x = 4
2
= 38

9.
11.
15
6
A(6, 8)
B(9, 6)
D(p, q)
D(k, 21)
C(6, 0)
E
B
C
(a) Line ABC:

3x + y = 6
y = 3x + 6

Gradient of line ABC = 3

Gradient of line DEF = 3
(a) Gradient of line OA

80
=
60
4
=
3
m = 3 and c = 15

The equation of line DEF is
y = mx + c
y = 3x + 15
4
(b) m = and C(6, 0)
3
Using y = mx + c
4

0 = (6) + c
3

0 = 8 + c
c = 8

Hence, the equation of the straight line parallel
4
to OA and passes through C is y = x 8.
3
(b) Substitute D(k, 21) into y = 3x + 15.

21 = 3k + 15
3k = 15 21
6
k =
3
= 2
(c) Substitute y = 0 into y = 3x + 15.
0 = 3x + 15
3x = 15
15
x =
3
= 5
(c) Let D = (p, q)

Given B is the midpoint,
6+p
8+q
= 6
then = 9 and
2
2

6 + p = 2 9
8 + q = 6 2

p = 18 6
q = 12 8
= 12 = 4
Hence, D = (12, 4)
13
12.
P(4, 12)
13.
P(0, 7)
N(0, 6)
Q
M(4, 0) O
R(8, 3)
x
m = 3 and c = 7

y = mx + c
y = 3x + 7
(b) The equation of line PM is x = 4.

(c) Line NP:
3x + 2y = 12
2y = 3x + 12
3
y = x + 6
2
Hence, N = (0, 6)
(b) m = 3 and R(8, 3)

The equation of line RS is
y = mx + c

3 = 3(8) + c

3 = 24 + c
c = 3 + 24
= 27
Gradient of line PQ
= Gradient of line MN
y-intercept
=
x-intercept
6
=
4
6
=
4
3
=
2
(b)
y
V(0, 8)
U(3, 4)
P
Gradient of line PV
= Gradient of line OU
40
=
30
4
=
3
4
m = and c = 8
3

The equation of PV is
y = mx + c
4
y = x + 8
3
3
Hence, the equation of line PQ is y = x + 18.
2
14. (a) Line TUV:

3y + 4x = 24
3y = 4x + 24
4
y = x + 8
3

3
m = and P(4, 12)
2

y = mx + c
3
12 = (4) + c
2
12 = 6 + c
c = 12 + 6
= 18

(a) Gradient of line PQ

71
=
02
6
=
2
= 3
(a) Substitute y = 0 into 3x + 2y = 12.

3x + 0 = 12
3x = 12
12
x =
3
= 4

Q(2, 1)
14
17. (a) Substitute y = 0 into 4x y + 3 = 0.

4x 0 + 3 = 0
4x = 3
3

x =
4
3

4
15. (a) Line QR: y = 3x 9........................... 1

Substitute R(2, w) into equation 1.
w = 3(2) 9
= 6 9
= 3
(b) (i) Gradient of line PQ

= Gradient of line SR
2
=
5
2

m = and Q(5, 6)
5

y = mx + c
2

6 = (5) + c
5

6 = 2 + c
c = 6 2
= 4
(b) Line UV:

4x y + 3 = 0

y = 4x + 3

m = 4 and Q(2, 0)

The equation of line PQR is
y = mx + c

0 = 4(2) + c
c = 8

Hence, the equation of line PQR is y = 4x 8.
Hence, the equation of line PQ is

2
y = x + 4.
5
2
(ii) Substitute y = 0 into y = x + 4.
5
2
0 = x + 4
5
2
x = 4

5
4 5
x =
2
= 10

Gradient of line PQR

= Gradient of line UV
=4
18. (a) Perimeter, y = 2(10 2x) + 2(x)

y = 20 4x + 2x

y = 20 2x
(b)
y
20
16. (a) Gradient of line EF

3 (2)
=
4 1
5
=
5
= 1
10
(c) The x-intercept and the y-intercept do not

represent the sides of the rectangle.
When x = 0, the length of the rectangle does not
exit. When y = 0, the breadth of the rectangle does
not exit.
(b) m = 1 and H(2, 9)

The equation of line HG is
y = mx + c

9 = 1(2) + c

9 = 2 + c
c = 9 + 2
= 11

Hence, the equation of line HG is y = x + 11.
Substitute y = 0 into y = x + 11.

0 = x + 11
x = 11

15

14 (A Math CD)

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CHAPTER

The Straight Line

3. Gradient of the straight line passing through (1, 2)

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Mathematics SPM Chapter 14

12. P(0, 1) and Q(2, 5)

The equation of line PQ is

13. M(0, 2) and N(4, 2)

The equation of line MN is

The equation of line PQ is

2. (a) Gradient of the straight line passing through

(b) Gradient of the straight line passing through

The equation of line PQ is

(c) Gradient of the straight line passing through

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Mathematics SPM Chapter 14

(d) Gradient of the straight line passing through

3. Gradient of the straight line passing through (1, 2)

(b) Gradient of line LK

(b) Gradient of line PQ

(a) The y-intercept of line QR

The coordinates of J = (18, 18)

(b) AB = OA2 + OB2

(b) J(18, 18) and L(0, 9)

(a) The coordinates of J = (0, 8)

Hence, the coordinates of D = (5, 4)

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Mathematics SPM Chapter 14

11. A(2, 3) and m = 4

The equation of line AB is

Hence, the equation of line AB is y = 4x 5.

(a) E(6, h) and G(2, 0)

13. The equation of line QR is y = 4.

Hence, the y-intercept of line GH = 14

The equation of line PQ is

Hence, the equation of line PQ is y = 2x + 10.

(b) Substitute y = 0 into equation 1.

Hence, the x-intercept of line EG = 8

Hence, the x-intercept = 12

16. Gradient of line AB

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Hence, the y-intercept = 6

Mathematics SPM Chapter 14

22. Gradient of line QR

For the line CD, m = 2 and c = 6.

23. Gradient of line BC

For the line BC, m = 2 and c = 7.

18. Gradient of line DO

19. Equation of line PQ:

20. Equation of line AB:

21. Gradient of line AB

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Mathematics SPM Chapter 14

10. Substitute (0, 4) into y = 2x + c.

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Mathematics SPM Chapter 14

The equation of line EF is

The equation of line EF is y = 3x 7.

Hence, the x-intercept = 16

2. (a) Equation of line CD:

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Mathematics SPM Chapter 14

3. (a) Equation of line EF: