ASCE 7-10: Modifications to Wind

Loading Requirements
Jason Ericksen, SE

SE University, May, 2012

www.LearnWithSEU.com

Key Points
Chapter 6 has been moved to Chapters 26
through 31

Three new basic wind speed maps replace
single map

Wind Speeds are higher but design loads
are likely unchanged

Roadmap
Reorganization

Substantive Changes

New Items

Reorganization
ASCE 7-05: 3 Methods

ASCE 7-10: 3 Procedures

ASCE 7-05: Methods

Method 1 - Simplified Procedure

Method 2 - Analytical Procedure

 Low-Rise
 All

heights

Method 3 - Wind Tunnel Procedure

IBC 2009: Alternative All-heights
Procedure

ASCE 7-10: Procedures

Directional Procedure

Envelope Procedure

Wind Tunnel Procedure

ASCE 7-10 organization

Chapter 26: General information.

Chapter 27: Directional procedure for
MWFRS of buildings of all heights

Chapter 28: Envelope procedure for
MWFRS of low-rise buildings

ASCE 7-10 organization

Chapter 29: Directional procedure for
MWFRS of building appurtenances and
other structures

Chapter 30: All procedures for
components and cladding

Chapter 31: Wind tunnel procedure for
MWFRS and components and cladding

MWFRS of Enclosed and Partially

Enclosed buildings
ASCE 7-10

ASCE 7-05

Ch 27: Directional Procedure

Part 1: All height Buildings

Part 2: Enclosed, Simple

Diaphragm, h 160 ft

6.5: Method 2 Analytical

Procedure
6.5.12.2.1: All heights
method
NA

MWFRS of Open buildings

ASCE 7-10

ASCE 7-05

Ch 27: Directional Procedure

Part 1: All height Buildings

6.5: Method 2 Analytical

Procedure
6.5.13: Open Buildings
6.5.13.2: MWFRS

10

MWFRS of Enclosed and Partially

Enclosed buildings
ASCE 7-10

ASCE 7-05

Ch 28: Envelope Procedure

Part 1: Low-rise with flat,
gable, or hip roofs

6.5: Method 2 Analytical

Procedure
6.5.12.2.2: Low-rise buildings

Part 2: Enclosed, Simple

Diaphragm, Low-rise with
flat, gable, or hips roofs

6.4: Method 1 Simplified

Procedure

11

MWFRS of Other Structures and

Building Appurtenances
ASCE 7-10

ASCE 7-05

Chapter 29: Other Structures 6.5: Method 2 Analytical

and Building Appurtenances Procedure
6.5.14 Solid freestanding
walls and solid signs
6.5.15 Other Structures

Includes Solid Freestanding Walls and Solid Signs

12

C&C of Enclosed and Partially

Enclosed buildings: Chapter 30
ASCE 7-10

ASCE 7-05

Part 1: Low-rise (Envelope)

or h 60 ft

6.5: Method 2 Analytical

Procedure
6.5.12.4.1: Low-rise or h
60 ft
Part 2: Low-rise or h 60 ft
6.4: Method 1 Simplified
(Simplified Envelope)
Procedure
Enclosed with flat, gable ( 6.4.1.2: Low-rise buildings
45), hip ( 27) roofs
(same limitations)
13

C&C of Enclosed and Partially

Enclosed buildings
ASCE 7-10
Part 3: h > 60 ft (Directional)

Part 4: h 160 ft (Simplified

Directional)

ASCE 7-05
6.5: Method 2 Analytical
Procedure
6.5.12.4.2: h > 60 ft
NA

Exception for h < 90 ft and h/l 1.0 applies to both Ch. 30: Part 3 and
6.5.12

14

C&C of Open buildings

ASCE 7-10
Part 5: Open Buildings

ASCE 7-05
6.5: Method 2 Analytical
Procedure
6.5.13: Open Buildings
6.5.13.3: C&C

Exception for h < 90 ft and h/l 1.0 applies to both Ch. 30: Part 3 and
6.5.12

15

C&C of Other Structures

ASCE 7-10
Part 6: Building
Appurtenances and Rooftop
structures and equipment

ASCE 7-05
6.5: Method 2 Analytical
Procedure
6.5.12.4.4 Parapets
6.5.15.1 Rooftop structures
and equipment for buildings
with h 60 ft

16

MWFRS and C&C of Buildings and

Other Structures
ASCE 7-10
Chapter 31: Wind Tunnel
Procedure

ASCE 7-05
6.6: Method 3 Analytical
Procedure

The requirements have been expanded and

include new limits. (Moved from Commentary)
17

Reorganization

Commentary Table C26.1-1

 Cross

Reference of Sections between Wind

Provisions of the 2005 and 2010 Editions of
ASCE 7
 Complete list of cross references for sections,
tables and figures

18

New Editorial Features

User Notes: Helpful commentary included
within the text

Table for each procedure with steps.

19

New Editorial Features

Table 28.5-1 Steps to Determine Wind Loads on
MWFRS Simple Diaphragm Low-Rise Buildings
Step 1: Determine risk category of building or other
structure, see Table 1.5-1
Step 2: Determine the basic wind speed, V, for applicable
risk category, see Fig. 26.5-1 A, B, or C
Step 3: Determine wind load parameters:
Exposure category B, C, or D, see Section 26.7
Topographic factor, Kzt, see Section 26.8 and
Fig. 26.8-1
Step 4: Enter figure to determine wind pressures for
h = 30 ft (9.1 m), pS30, see Fig. 28.6-1
Step 5: Enter figure to determine adjustment for building
height and exposure, , see Fig.28.6-1
Step 6: Determine adjusted wind pressures, ps, see Eq.
28.6-1

20

Choosing a Method

Chapters 27 and 28
 The

building is regular shaped building or structure as

defined in Section 26.2
 The building is not dynamically sensitive, or it does
not have a site location which warrants special
consideration.

Chapter 31
 All

buildings

21

Choosing a Method

Chapter 27
 Part

More applicable

If automated, provides more general, less
conservative pressures

 Part

Easier for Hand Calculations

Conservative

22

Choosing a Method

Chapter 28
 Part

User note states this method generally yields the

lowest wind pressure of all analytical methods

 Part

Easier for Hand Calculations

Conservative

23

MWFRS: All Heights

24

MWFRS: Low-Rise

25

MWFRS: Low-Rise
Enclosed, Simple Diaphragm

26

Components and Cladding:

27

Reorganization: Summary

Easier way to find all the requirements (if you

are not already familiar with the organization of
ASCE 7-05!).
Changes were made in response to user
comments

28

Roadmap
Reorganization

Substantive Changes

New Items

29

Changes
Importance Factor

Wind Speed Maps

Load Combinations

Change in Design Loads

Minimum Loads

Surface Roughness

30

Importance Factor

Importance Factor No Longer Used

7-10: qz = 0.00256KzKztKdV2
 ASCE 7-05: qz = 0.00256KzKztKdV2I
 ASCE

Basic Wind Speeds: 3 Maps replace need

for Importance Factor

31

Risk Category

Risk Category I: Low Risk

 low

Risk Category II: Typical

 All

risk to human life (low occupancy)

Others

Risk Category III: High Risk

 substantial

risk to human life (high occupancy or

dangerous materials)

Risk Category IV: Essential

 Essential

facilities (hospitals, etc)

32

Changes
Importance Factor

Wind Speed Maps

Load Combinations

Change in Design Loads

Minimum Loads

Surface Roughness

33

Wind Speed Maps

Figure 26.5-1A: Risk Category II

Figure 26.5-1B: Risk Category III and IV

Figure 26.5-1B: Risk Category I

Replace Figure 6-1 (All Occupancy

Categories)

34

Commentary

The 2010 edition of ASCE 7 departs from prior

editions by providing wind maps that are directly
applicable for determining pressures for strength
design approaches.
The update maps are based on a new and
more complete analysis of hurricane
characteristics performed over the last ten
years.

35

ASCE 7-05: Figure 6-1

36

ASCE 7-10: Figure 26.5-1A

Risk Category II - 7% probability of exceedance in 50 years, MRI of 700 years

37

ASCE 7-10: Figure 26.5-1B

Risk Category III and IV- 3% probability of exceedance in 50 years, MRI of 1700
38
years

ASCE 7-10: Figure 26.5-1C

Risk Category I- 15% probability of exceedance in 50 years, MRI of 300 years

39

Wind Speed Website

Applied Technology Council

 http://www.atcouncil.org/windspeed/

87

Wind Speed Website

Wilmington, NC

88

Hurricane Prone Regions

ASCE 7-05 (Section 6.2)

 The

U.S. Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico

coasts where the basic wind speed is greater
than 90 mph and
 Hawaii, Puerto Rica, Guam, Virgin Islands,
and American Samoa

89

Hurricane Prone Regions

ASCE 7-10 (Section 26.2)

 The

U.S. Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico

coasts where the basic wind speed for Risk
Category II buildings is greater than 115 mph
and
 Hawaii, Puerto Rica, Guam, Virgin Islands,
and American Samoa

90

Wind-borne Debris Regions

ASCE 7-05 (Section 6.2)

 Within

1 mile of the coastal mean high water

line where the basic wind speed is equal to or
greater than 110 mph and in Hawaii, or
 In areas where the basic wind speed is equal
to or greater than 120 mph

91

Wind-borne Debris Regions

ASCE 7-10 (Section 26.10.3.1)

 Within

1 mile of the coastal mean high water

line where the basic wind speed is equal to or
greater than 130 mph and in Hawaii, or
 In areas where the basic wind speed is equal
to or greater than 140 mph

92

Wind-borne Debris Regions

ASCE 7-10 (Section 26.10.3.1)

 Wind

Speed based on:

Risk Category

All but health care

Health care

NA

NA

II

Fig. 26.5-1A

Fig. 26.5-1A

III

Fig. 26.5-1A

Fig. 26.5-1B

IV

Fig. 26.5-1B

Fig. 26.5-1B

93

Changes
Importance Factor

Wind Speed Maps

Load Combinations

Change in Design Loads

Minimum Loads

Surface Roughness

40

Changes
Wind is now calculated at strength level

Load combination factors for LRFD and
ASD have changed (again)

41

Commentary
The decision to move to multiple-strength design maps in
conjunction with a wind load factor of 1.0 relied on
several factors important to an accurate wind
specification:
i. strength design ... brings wind loading approach in
line with seismic loads
ii. Multiple maps remove inconsistencies in the use of
importance factors that actually should vary with
location and between hurricane-prone and
nonhurricane-prone regions
42

Commentary
The decision to move to multiple-strength design maps in
conjunction with a wind load factor of 1.0 relied on
several factors important to an accurate wind
specification:
iii. The new maps establish uniformity in the return
period for the design basis winds, and they more
clearly convey that information.
iv. The new maps, by providing wind speed directly,
more clearly inform owners and their consultants
about the storm intensities for which designs are
performed.
43

Load Combinations: ASD

ASCE 7-05

ASCE 7-10

D+1.0W
D+1.0W+0.75L+0.5Lr
0.6D+1.0W

D+0.6W
D+0.75(0.6W)+0.75L+0.5Lr
0.6D+0.6W

Lr = (Lr or S or R)

Lr = (Lr or S or R)
44

Load Combinations: LRFD

ASCE 7-05

ASCE 7-10

1.2D+1.6Lr+0.5W
1.2D+1.6Lr+0.8W
1.2D+1.6W+1.0L+0.5Lr 1.2D+1.0W+1.0L+0.5Lr
0.9D+1.6W
0.9D+1.0W
Lr = (Lr or S or R)

Lr = (Lr or S or R)
45

Changes
Importance Factor

Wind Speed Maps

Load Combinations

Change in Design Loads

Minimum Loads

Surface Roughness

46

Design Loads

The velocity pressure in ASCE 7-10 is

based on the equation
qz = 0.00256KzKztKdV2

While in ASCE 7-05 it is:

qz = 0.00256KzKztKdIV2

47

Design Loads

To get equal factored design wind

pressures in both methods, the wind
speeds in ASCE 7-10, V10, will be related
to the mapped wind speed from ASCE 705, V05, in the following manner (assuming
KzKztKd is equal in both) :
(fw_05)x(I)x(V05)2 = (fw_10)x(V10)2
48

Design Loads

Conversion equation

V10 = V05 I

f w_05
f w_10

fw_05 = load factor on wind in ASCE 7-05

fw_10 = load factor on wind in ASCE 7-10
49

Design Loads

Conversion equation

V10 = V05 I 1.6

fw_05 = 1.6
fw_10 = 1.0
50

Design Loads

Commentary Table C26.5-6 includes

comparison of equivalent wind speeds
for category II
ASCE 7 -05 (3 second gust),
 ASCE 7-10 (3 second gust), and
 ASCE 7-93 (fastest mile)


51

Risk II Comparison
I = 1.00
V05

Calculated V10

Actual V10

Pressure Ratio

85

107.5

110

1.05

90

113.8

115

1.02

100

126.5

110

139.1

120

151.8

130

164.4

140

177.1

150

189.7

52

Risk Category II Comparison

53

Risk Category II Comparison

New Iberia, LA
111/136 => 0.94

Panama City, FL
128/134 => 0.68

Harlingen, TX
135/147 => 0.74

Miami, FL
143/168 => 0.86
54

Risk Category II Comparison

Wilmington, NC
130/145 => 0.78

Charleston, SC
130/147 => 0.80

55

Risk Category II Comparison

Boston, MA
105/128 => 0.93

Virginia Beach, VA
114/122 => 0.72

56

Risk III + IV Comparison

I = 1.15
V05

Calculated V10

Actual V10

Pressure Ratio

85

115.3

115

1.00

90

122.1

120

0.97

100

135.6

110

149.2

120

162.8

130

176.3

140

189.9

150

203.5

57

Risk Cat. III and IV Comparison

58

Risk Cat. III and IV Comparison

New Iberia, LA
111/147 => 0.95

Panama City, FL
128/144 => 0.69

Harlingen, TX
135/154 => 0.71

Miami, FL
143/180 => 0.86
59

Risk Cat. III and IV Comparison

Wilmington, NC
130/154 => 0.76

Charleston, SC
130/157 => 0.79

60

Risk Cat. III and IV Comparison

Boston, MA
105/139 => 0.95

Virginia Beach, VA
114/132 => 0.73

61

Risk I Comparison
I = 0.87 (0.77 V05 > 100)*
V05

Calculated V10

Actual V10

Pressure Ratio

85

100.3

100

0.99

90

106.2

105

0.98

100

118

110*

122.1

120*

133.2

130*

144.3

140*

155.4

150*

166.5

62

Risk Category I Comparison

63

Risk Category I Comparison

New Iberia, LA
111/126 => 1.05

Panama City, FL
128/123 => 0.75

Harlingen, TX
120/137 => 1.06

Miami, FL
143/156 => 0.97
64

Risk Category I Comparison

Wilmington, NC
130/134 => 0.86

Charleston, SC
130/132 => 0.84

65

Risk Category I Comparison

Boston, MA
105/118 => 1.03

Virginia Beach, VA
114/114 => 0.81

66

Changes
Importance Factor

Wind Speed Maps

Load Combinations

Change in Design Loads

Minimum Loads

Surface Roughness

67

ASCE 7-05: Minimum Loads

68

ASCE 7-10: Minimum Loads

69

Changes
Importance Factor

Wind Speed Maps

Load Combinations

Change in Design Loads

Minimum Loads

Surface Roughness

70

ASCE 7-10 26.7.2

Surface Roughness C: Open terrain with

scattered obstructions having heights generally
less than 30 ft. This category includes flat open
country and grasslands, and all water surfaces
in hurricane prone regions.
Surface Roughness D: Flat, unobstructed areas
and water surfaces outside hurricane prone
regions. This category includes smooth mud
flats, salt flats, and unbroken ice.
71

ASCE 7-10 26.7.2

Surface Roughness C: Open terrain with

scattered obstructions having heights generally
less than 30 ft. This category includes flat open
country and grasslands.
Surface Roughness D: Flat, unobstructed areas
and water surfaces. This category includes
smooth mud flats, salt flats, and unbroken ice.

72

ASCE 7-10 26.7.2

Coastal buildings may go from Exposure C to

Exposure Category D in ASCE 7-10
Calculated velocity pressure may increase 15%20% for buildings 60 ft and less.
 The

percentage increase decreases as the building

gets taller to a minimum of about 10%.

73

Kz Comparison: Table 27.3-1

z
0-15
20
30
40
50
60
90
120
180
300
500

C
0.85
0.9
0.98
1.04
1.09
1.14
1.24
1.32
1.43
1.59
1.78

D
1.03
1.08
1.16
1.22
1.27
1.31
1.41
1.48
1.59
1.73
1.9

D/C
1.21
1.20
1.18
1.17
1.16
1.15
1.14
1.12
1.11
1.09
1.07

74

Substantive Changes Summary

No importance factor

3 Maps replace one

Strength factors decreased

Design pressures generally unchanged

 Decreased

in hurricane regions

95

Roadmap
Reorganization

Substantive Changes

New Items

75

New Simplified Directional

Procedure
Obtain pressures directly from a table

Total shear and overturning compare very
well

76

Serviceability

Appendix C Serviceability Considerations

NOT MANDATORY
Commentary contains wind speed maps for:
 10-year

MRI
 25-year MRI
 50-year MRI
 100-year MRI

77

New Appendix D
Buildings Exempted from Torsional Wind
Load Cases
 D1.1

One and Two Stories

 D1.2 Controlled by Seismic Design
 D1.3 Torsionally Regular
 D1.4 Flexible Diaphragms
 D1.5 Chapter 27: Part 2 Exemptions
78

New Natural Frequency

Calculation
For steel and concrete buildings

Eliminates need for structural analysis

Limitations

h

300 ft
 h 4xLeff

79

IBC Adoption

ICC Website
http://www.iccsafe.org/gr/pages/adoptions.
aspx

80

IBC Adoption

State or Jurisdiction List with Year

81

Key Points
Chapter 6 has been moved to Chapters 26
through 31

Three new basic wind speed maps replace
single map

Wind Speeds are higher but design loads
are likely unchanged

82

Questions or Comments
Jason R. Ericksen, SE
Jason.ericksen@gmail.com
Linkedin Profile
http://www.linkedin.com/in/jasonericksen

83

Questions or Comments
Jason.ericksen@gmail.com
http://www.linkedin.com/in/jasonericksen
IBC Adoption:
http://www.iccsafe.org/gr/pages/adoptions.
aspx
Wind Speeds:
http://www.atcouncil.org/windspeed/
84

ASCE 7-10: Modifications to Wind

Loading Requirements
By Jason Ericksen, SE

SE University, Month, Year

www.LearnWithSEU.com