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lim
x2
sin(x 2)
x2 + x 6
3 marks
lim
9x2 5x + 4
4x 3
x 9 5/x + 4/x2
9x2 5x + 4
= lim
lim
x
x
4x 3
x(4 3/x)
p
9 5/x + 4/x2
= lim
x
(4 3/x)
3
9
=
=
4
4
p
Note: the negative sign comes from the assumption that x < 0, so (x2 ) < 0.
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Mathematics 180-103
3 marks
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xc
lim h(x) = 2c 5
xc+
x4
.
ex + 2x
f 0 (x) =
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Mathematics 180-103
3 marks
Page 4 of 6
f 0 (x) =
= 2x sin(x2 )ecos(x
3 marks
2)
d x 2
d
x2 ex +
e
x = (2x x2 )ex
dx
dx
f 0 (x) =
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Mathematics 180-103
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FULL-SOLUTION PROBLEMS
In questions 24, justify your answers and show all your work. If you need more space,
use the back of the previous page.
6 marks
2. Let
f (x) = ecos x 3x2
Explain why f (x) is continuous for all x. Then use the Intermediate Value Theorem to
prove there is a point c in the open interval (/2, /2) so that f (c) = 0.
Solution:
Since cos x, ex and x are continuous on all x. Since sums and compositions of
continuous functions are continuous it follows that f (x) is continuous everywhere (and in particular on [/2, /2]). Hence we can use the IVT.
When x = 0, f (x) = ecos(0) 0 = e1 = e.
When x = /2, f (x) = ecos(/2)
3 2
4
= e(0)
3 2
4
=1
3 2
4
< 0.
Since f (0) > 0 and f (/2) < 0, by the IVT, there is some c between 0 and /2
(or between /2 and 0) so that f (c) = 0.
8 marks
3. Find the equation of all lines that are tangent to the curve f (x) = x2 4x and pass
through the point (3, 12).
Solution:
Assume the line intersects the curve at x = a.
Then the gradient of the line is
a2 4a+12
a3
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Mathematics 180-103
8 marks
t2
. Use the definition of the derivative to find
t+4
You must show your work.
4. Let g(t) =
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dg
.
dt
Solution:
dg
g(t + h) g(t)
= lim
dt h0
h
t+h2 t2
t
+
h
+
4
t+4
= lim
h0
h
(t + h 2)(t + 4) (t 2)(t + h + 4)
= lim
h0
h(t + h + 4)(t + 4)
(t 2)(t + 4) + h(t + 4) [(t 2)(t + 4) + h(t 2)]
= lim
h0
h(t + h + 4)(t + 4)
(t 2)(t + 4) + h(t + 4) (t 2)(t + 4) h(t 2)
= lim
h0
h(t + h + 4)(t + 4)
h [(t + 4) (t 2)]
= lim
h0 h(t + h + 4)(t + 4)
6h
= lim
h0 h(t + h + 4)(t + 4)
6
6
=
= lim
h0 (t + h + 4)(t + 4)
(t + 4)2
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Mathematics 180-103
Page 2 of 7
Solution: Let f (x) = x and we expand around a = 64. We need the first
derivative f 0 (x) = 21 x . The linear approximation is
L(x) = f (64) + f 0 (64)(x 64)
1
(x 64)
=8+
2(8)
1
L(62) = 8 +
(2)
16
1
= 8 = 7.875
8
3 marks
(b) Simplify the expression tan(arcsin(x)). (Remember arcsin(x) = sin1 (x) is inversesine).
Solution: Let y = sin1 (x), then sin(y) = x. This defines a right angle triangle
with
hypotenuse length 1 and opposite side x. This means the third side is
1 x2 . Thus
x
tan(sin1 (x)) = tan(y) =
1 x2
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Mathematics 180-103
3 marks
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dy
. Simplify your answer.
dx
Solution:
y = cot(arcsin(x))
dy
d
= csc2 (arcsin x)
(arcsin x)
dx
dx
1
1
=
2
sin (arcsin x)
1 x2
1
1
1
= 2
=
2
2
x
1x
x 1 x2
3 marks
(1 + 2t)3/2
.
(2 cos(t))7 (1 + et )2/5
3
2
ln(1 + 2t) 7 ln(2 cos t) ln(1 + et )
2
5
differentiate wrt t
3
7 sin t
2et
1 dg
=
g dt
(1 + t) 2 cos(t) 5(1 + et )
3
7 sin t
2et
(1 + t)3/2
dg
=
dt
(1 + t) 2 cos(t) 5(1 + et ) (2 cos(t))7 (1 + et )2/5
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Mathematics 180-103
3 marks
(e) If x3 y 2 = ey , find
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dy
in terms of x and y.
dx
Solution:
x3 y 2 = ey
d
d
d y
x3
y2 =
e
dx
dx
dx
dy
dy
3x2 2y
= ey
dx
dx
3x2 = (2y ey )
dy
dx
dy
3x2
=
dx
2y ey
3 marks
h0 (x) = 2
5x2
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Mathematics 180-103
Page 5 of 7
FULL-SOLUTION PROBLEMS
In questions 24, justify your answers and show all your work. Include units where
appropriate. If you need more space, use the back of the previous page.
6 marks
2. A 2kg lump of unknown material is decaying radioactively. After 20 minutes 400g has
decayed.
(a) What is the half-life of the material?
Solution:
P (t) = P (0)ekt
P (0) = 2kg
k = ln(0.8)/20
0.5 = et ln(0.8)/20
ln(0.5) = t ln(0.8)/20
t = 20 ln(0.5)/ ln(0.8) minutes
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Mathematics 180-103
8 marks
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3. Air is being pumped into a spherical balloon at a rate of 300cm3 /min. How fast is
the surface area increasing when the surface area is 100cm2 ? (You may assume air is
incompressible)
Solution:
We know that the volume of a sphere is given by V = 43 r3 ,
and the surface area is given by S = 4r2 .
Rearranging the surface area equation, we see that r =
4
V (S) =
3
S
4
S
4
!3
.
Simplifying, we see that
1
V (S) = S 3/2
3 4
.
From the chain rule, we see that
We find that
dV
dt
dV dS
.
dS dt
1 3 1/2
dV
1
=
S
= S 1/2
dS
4
3 4 2
4
dS
dV 4
=
= 300 = 120cm2 /min
1/2
dt
dt S
10
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and therefore
Mathematics 180-103
8 marks
Page 7 of 7
Solution:
f (x) = ex cos x
f 0 (x) = ex (cos(x) sin(x))
f 00 (x) = ex (cos x sin x cos x sin x)
= 2ex sin x
f 000 (x) = 2ex (cos x + sin x)
2 3
T3 (x) = 1 + x +
x
3!
1
= 1 + x x3
3
f (0) = 1
f 0 (0) = 1
f 00 (0) = 0
f 000 (0) = 2
Thus
T3 (1/2) = 1 +
1 1 1
24 + 12 1
35
=
=
2 8 3
24
24
(b) Determine an upper bound for the absolute value of the error that would result from
the Maclaurin polynomial of part (a) used to estimate f (1/2).
Solution: We need f (4) (x)
f (4) (x) = 2ex (cos x + sin x) + 2ex ( sin x + cos x) = 4ex cos x
Plugging this into the remainder formula
1 (4)
f (c)(x a)4
4!
1
1
|R4 (1/2)| = | 4ec cos c|
24
16
4 1
|ec |
24 16
12 1
1
=
24 16
32
R4 (x) =
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