Wireless Communications_ T L Singal

3-1

Chapter 3
The Propagation Models
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3.1

Propagation Criteria

3.2

Free Space Propagation Model

3.3

Mobile Point-to-Point Propagation Models

3.4

Outdoor Propagation Path-loss Models

3.5

Indoor Propagation Path-loss Models

3.6

Signal Attenuation due to Foliage

3.7

Long Distance Propagation

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Self-Test Quiz
S3.1

The received signal power Pr is proportional to the distance between transmitter

and receiver r, raised to an exponent , referred to as path-loss exponent or
distance-power gradient, as per the following expression:
(a)

Pr = P0 r -

(b)

Pr = P0 r

(c)

Pr = P0 (1/r - )

(d)

Pr = P0 r 2

where P0 is the received signal strength at a reference distance, usually taken as

one meter.
S3.2

In free space propagation, (Choose the most appropriate correct statement)

Wireless Communications_ T L Singal

S3.3

3-2

(a)

there is no loss of energy as radio wave propagates

(b)

there is significant loss of energy as radio wave propagates

(c)

there is attenuation due to the spreading of the electromagnetic waves

(d)

there is no attenuation due to the spreading of the electromagnetic waves

A wireless communication transmitter has RF power of 10 W and Tx antenna

gain of 3 dB. The EIRP is

S3.4

S3.5

(a)

30 W

(b)

3.33 W

(c)

10 W

(d)

20 W

Free-space propagation path loss is

(a)

inversely proportional to frequency of transmission

(b)

directly proportional to frequency of transmission

(c)

independent to frequency of transmission

(d)

directly proportional to square of the frequency of transmission

There is a _______ dB per decade attenuation in signal strength as a function of

distance in free space propagation.
(a)

(b)

12

(c)

20

Wireless Communications_ T L Singal

(d)
S3.6

3-3

40

In a wireless communication system, the transmitter and receiver stations are

located at a distance of 10 kms. The transmission delay of the radio signal is
typically

S3.7

(a)

33.3 microseconds

(b)

3.33 milliseconds

(c)

3.33 nanoseconds

(d)

33.3 milliseconds

Using point-to-point propagation prediction model, the path-loss slope will have a
standard deviation of less than ___________ only.

S3.8

(a)

1 dB

(b)

2-3 dB

(c)

6-8 dB

(d)

10-12 dB

In most of the mobile communication systems, the maximum distance between

the cell-site and the mobile is at the most ______________. (Assuming the earth
surface to be fairly flat.)
(a)

few meters

(b)

few kilometers

(c)

few tens of kilometers

(d)

few hundreds of kilimeters

Wireless Communications_ T L Singal

S3.9

3-4

Assuming system parameters constant, the three parameters on which the

propagation path loss in mobile point-to-point Lee model depend are
(a)

frequency of transmission, Tx antenna height, and Rx antenna height

(b)

frequency of transmission, distance between transmitter and receiver, and

Tx antenna height

(c)

frequency of transmission, distance between transmitter and receiver, and

Rx antenna height

(d)

distance between transmitter and receiver, Tx antenna height, and Rx

antenna height

S3.10 The propagation path loss in a mobile radio environment increases by 40 dB for
every increase in distance between cell-site and mobile subscriber by _______
times.
(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

10

S3.11 If the cell-site antenna height is doubled, there will be

(a)

an increase in propagation path loss by 6 dB

(b)

reduction in path loss by 6 dB

(c)

reduction in path loss by 12 dB

(d)

no change in path loss

Wireless Communications_ T L Singal

3-5

S3.12 When an electromagnetic wave travels in free-space, it suffers from

(a)

absorption

(b)

attenuation

(c)

refraction

(d)

super-refraction

S3.13 Radio waves in the UHF range normally propagate by means of

(a)

space waves

(b)

sky waves

(c)

ground waves

(d)

surface waves

S3.14 Electromagnetic waves are refracted when they

(a)

encounter a perfectly conducting surface

(b)

pass through a small slot in a conducting plane

(c)

pass into a medium of different dielectric constant

(d)

are polarized at right angle to the direction of propagation

S3.15 When microwave signals follow the curvature of the earth, this phenomenon is
known as
(a)

Troposcatter

(b)

ducting

(c)

ionospheric reflection

Wireless Communications_ T L Singal

(d)

3-6

Faraday effect

S3.16 The main requirement for the duct formation is _______________ which is a
result of temperature inversion in the atmosphere with height.
(a)

multipath propagation

(b)

ionospheric reflection

(c)

super refraction

(d)

troposcatter

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Wireless Communications_ T L Singal

3-7

Keys to Self-Test Quiz (Chapter 3)

S3.1

(a)

S3.11

(b)

S3.2

(c)

S3.12

(b)

S3.3

(d)

S3.13

(a)

S3.4

(d)

S3.14

(c)

S3.5

(c)

S3.15

(b)

S3.6

(a)

S3.16

(c)

S3.7

(b)

S3.8

(c)

S3.9

(d)

S3.10

(d)

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