Glossary

TherearemanywordswhichareusedwhenitcomestoLightingthatmanypeoplemaynotcompletelyunderstand.
Thegoalofthisglossaryistoprovidedefinitionsforseveralofthesewordstoeliminateanypotentialconfusion.
Simplyclickontheletterassociatedwiththetermsyourelookingforthedefinitionofandyoullbedirectedto
alllistingsunderthatletter.
AccentLightingConcentratedlightonasubjectwhichhighlightsitandcausesittostandoutfromits
surrounding.Dependingondegreeofdramadesired,accentlightshouldminimallybe10xthegenerallightor
ambientlight.
ALineLampBulbswithasphericalshapetaperedtoanarrowneck.IncludesA15,A19,A21andA23.
AlternatingCurrent(AC)Theflowofanelectricchargethathasalternatedorreversedindirection.
AmalgamAnamalgamisanalloymadeofametalmixedwithmercury.
AmbientLightingAmbientlightingisyourbasic,generaloverheadlighting.
Ampere(Amp)Aunitexpressingtherateofflowofelectriccurrent.
ANSI(AmericanNationalStandardsInstitute)Theorganizationthatdevelopsvoluntaryguidelinesand
producesperformancestandardsfortheelectricalandotherindustries.
AnodeTheelectrodethroughwhichcurrentflowsintoapolarizeddevice.Traditionalpolarizeddevicesare,but
arenotlimitedto,fluorescentlampsanddiodes.
AreaLightingAlightpatterndesignedtocovermorethanasingleobject.Arealightingcanencompasslighting
layerssuchasambientortask,andistypicallyaccomplishedusingoneormorespotandfloodlights.
ArgonArgonisanoblegasusedinlowpressuregasdischargelamps(similartoNeonLamps).Argonlamps

typicallyemitabluecolorandrequiremercurytomakethecolorbrighter.
AverageRatedLifeAnaveragerating,inhours,indicatingwhen50%ofalargegroupoflampshavefailed,
whenoperatedatnominallampvoltageandcurrentmanufacturersuse3hoursperstartforfluorescentlampsand
10hoursperstartforHIDlampswhenperforminglamplifetestingprocedureseverylamptypehasaunique
mortalitycurvethatdepictsitsaverageratedlife.ForPhotoOpticspecialtylamps,averageratedlifereferstothe
operatingperiodafterwhichonstatisticalaverage,50%ofthelampswillperformwithintheirspecifiedvalues.
AudibleNoise(Sound)Allfluorescentlampballastsproducesomenoise.MostbrandballastsaresoundratedA
(upto75%quieterthanmagnetictypes)andareacceptableformostapplications.Careshouldbetakenwhen
mountingtheballasttoreducevibration.
BacklightingIlluminatingthesubjectfromthebacktocreateaglowingeffect.
BaffleThebaffleisthetriminrecessedlightingdevices,oftenusedtosofteneffectsoflight,commonlyusedin
homesandoffices.
BallastAdeviceusedwithanelectricdischargelamptoobtainthenecessarycircuitconditions(voltage,current
andwaveform)forstartingandoperatingalamp.AllfluorescentandHIDlightsourcesrequireaballastforproper
operation.Dimmingballastsarespecialballastswhich,whenusedtogetherwithadimmer,willvarythelight
outputofalamp.PhotoOpticdischargelampsareeitherdesignedforACoperation(sinewaveand/orsquarewave
withrecommendedoperationalfrequenciesbelow1KHz)orDCoperation(currentregulatedorpowerregulated).
Pleaseseelampspecificationsforcorrectballastorelectroniccontrolgearselection.
BallastBasicsBallastshavetwoprimaryfunctions:1)startthelampand2)controloperationofthelamponceit
hasstarted.Highfrequencyelectronicballastsoperatelampsmoreefficientlyandeliminatethehumandvisible
flickernormallyassociatedwithstandardmagneticballasts.Electronicballastsalsotypicallyhavebetterpower
qualitythanmagneticballasts.
BallastFactor(BF)Themeasuredabilityofaparticularballasttoproducelightfromthelamp(s)itpowers
ballastfactorisderivedbydividingthelumenoutputofaparticularlamp/ballastcombinationbythelumenoutput
ofthesamelamp(s)onareferenceballast.
BallastLifeBallastshaveanaveragelifeexpectancy.Tomaximizelife,ambienttemperatureshouldbekeptas
lowaspossible.Itisalsoimportanttomaintaineffectivedissipationofheatusingthelightingfixtureasaheatsink
fortheballastenclosure.
BallastTypesTherearethreetypesoflightingballasts:1)Magnetic:aninefficientdevicethatusesacoreand
coilassemblytransformertoperformtheminimumfunctionsrequiredtostartandoperatethelamp2)Hybridor
lowfrequencyelectronic:essentiallyamagneticballastwithafewelectroniccomponentsthatswitchoffvoltage
tothelampcoiloncethelamphasstarted.Aminimalincreaseinefficiencyisobtainedviamoreexpensive
magneticcorematerialandtheabsenceofpowertothelampcoilsduringoperation3)Highfrequencyelectronic:a
ballastthatoperateslampsatfrequenciesabove20,000Hz.Maximumefficiencyisobtainedthroughtheuseof

electroniccircuitryandoptimumlampoperatingcharacteristics.
BaseThelampbasemechanicallyholdsthelampinplaceintheapplication.Thelampbasedirectlyorindirectly
(viaacableorleadinwires)conductselectricityfromthecircuittothelampandcanbedesignedtodissipateheat.
Lampbasesshouldbeoperatedwithinspecifiedtemperatureranges.
BasketTrofferArecessedfixturewhichusesaspecialbaskettodiffusethelight.
BayonetBaseBulbbasetypeusingtwolockingpinsoneithersideofthebasetoholditsecurelyinplace.So
namedbecauseitwasmostfamouslyusedasaquickconnectionmethodforbayonetsonrifles.
BeamAngleTheanglebetweenthetwodirectionsforwhichtheintensity(candlepower)is50%ofthemaximum
intensityasmeasuredinaplanethroughthenominalbeamcenterline(centerbeamcandlepowerorCBCP).
BeamPatternLightpatternofhotandcoolspotsemittedbyalightsource.Patternisdeterminedbybeamangle
andphysicalshapeoflamporfixture.Typicallightpatternsincludeacenterhotspotorhalolight.
BeamSpreadInanyplane,theanglebetweenthetwodirectionsintheplaneinwhichthecandlepowerisequal
toastatedpercentofthemaximumcandlepowerinthebeam.
BinningSeparationofLEDchipsbasedonrelativecolororcolortemperaturebyproductionbins.
BlackLightAcoatedlightbulbwhichemitslightonlyintheultravioletandnearultravioletspectrums.
BollardApostusedfornavigation,trafficcontrol,orpathwaylighting.
BrickLightLightfixturedesignedtoberecessedintobrickwork.
Brightness(SeeLuminance.)
BulbHard,softorquartzglassenclosure,whichcancontainavacuum,elementalinertgasormetalandameans
oflightgeneration(filamentorelectrodes).
CableLightingSystemAtrackmountingsystemwhichusesconductivecablesinplaceofrails.Twocables,
onehotandtheotherneutral,areusedasbothfixturesupportsandpowersourcesforthelights.
CanadianStandardsAssociation(CSA)Organizationthatprovidesproducttestingandcertificationservicesfor
avarietyofproducts.ACSAcertificationindicatesthataproductmeetstheminimumrequirementsforCanadian
orU.S.standardsnecessaryforthattypeofproduct.
Candela(cd)Theunitofmeasureindicatingtheluminousintensity(candlepower)ofalightsourceinaspecific
directionanygivenlightsourcewillhavemanydifferentintensities,dependinguponthedirectionconsidered.
CandelabraDecorativelightbulbsusuallyusedinchandeliers.Alsoknownastorpedobulbs.
CandlepowerCandlepower,measuredincandelas,isaunitofmeasurementthatstandsfortheluminous
intensitygoinginaspecificdirectionfromalightsource.Thelatter,usuallyseenonreflectortypebulbs,ismost
importantwhentheactualpunchoftheconcentratedbeamoflightismoreimportantthanhowmuchofanareait

illuminates.
CandlepowerDistributionAcurvethatrepresentsthevariationinluminousintensity(expressedincandelas)in
aplanethroughthelightcenterofalamporluminaireeachlamporlamp/luminairecombinationhasauniqueset
ofcandlepowerdistributionsthatindicatehowlightwillbespread.
CathodeTheelectrodethroughwhichcurrentflowsoutofapolarizeddevice.Traditionalpolarizeddevicesare,
butarenotlimitedto,fluorescentlampsanddiodes.
CathodeGuardSpecializeddeviceforfluorescentlamps.Thecathodeguardisametalbandsurroundingthe
cathodeinafluorescent.Thisbandcollectsevaporatingparticlestopreventendblackeninginthelamp.
CaveEffectThecavelikeshadowappearanceonwallsandceilingcausedbydirectdownlights.
CertifiedBallastManufacturersAssociation(CBM)Associationforcertificationandtestingofballaststo
ensurecompliancewiththestandardsoftheAmericanNationalStandardInstitute.
CenterBeamCandlepower(CBCP)Theintensityoflightproducedatthecenterofareflectorlampbeam,
expressedincandelas.
CircuitAclosedloop,typicallyanelectricaldevice.
ClassofLampIncandescentlampsareclassifiedastypeBortypeC.ThetypeBlampisoneinwhichthe
filamentoperatesinavacuum.ThetypeClampisoneinwhichthefilamentoperatesinanatmosphereofinertgas.
Forgasfilledlampswhichcanbeoperatedinanyposition,thelumenmaintenanceisbestwhenlampsareoperated
baseup.Forthevacuumtypelampswhichhavenorestrictionsonoperatingposition,thelumenmaintenanceisthe
sameinalloperatingpositions.
ColdCathodeAcathodethatisnotheatedbyafilament.
ColdCathodeFluorescentLamp(CCFL)Fluorescentlampthatusesacoldcathode.
ColorQualityScale(CQS)AcolorrenderingindexwhichusestheCIELABcolorspacetomeasurehowwella
lightreproducescolorsonanilluminatedobject.
ColorRenderingIndex(CRI)TheColorRenderingIndex(CRI)measurestheeffectalightsourcehasonthe
perceivedcolorofobjectsandsurfaces.HighCRIlightmakesvirtuallyallcolorslooknaturalandvibrant.Low
CRIcausessomecolorstoappearwashedoutoreventotakeonacompletelydifferenthue.
ColorTemperature(CT)Colortemperature,whichismeasuredinKelvin,indicateswhetheralamphasawarm,
midrangeorcoolcolorappearance.Warmlightsourceshavealowcolortemperature(20003000K)andfeature
morelightinthered/orange/yellowrange.Lightwithahighercolortemperature(>5000K)featuresmorebluelight
andisreferredtoascool.
ColoredGlassFilterAglassinsertusedtofilteroutaportionofthevisiblecolorspectrumfromalightsource.

CompactFluorescentLamps(CFL)Compactfluorescentlampsemploysmalldiametertubesthatarebentso
theybeginandendinasinglebase.Thisallowsthemtobeproducedinawidevarietyofconfigurations,greatly
extendingtheapplicationsforfluorescentlighting.
ConstantWattageAutotransformer(CWA)Employingtwocoils,thisHIDballastislessefficientthanreactor
types,buthasbettervoltageregulation.Mostpopulartypeinuse.
CoreandCoilBallastSomeofthefirstlightingballastsusedtooperateMHlampswereelectromagneticballasts
withabulky,heavy,magneticcoreoflaminatedsteelplateswrappedincopperwindings.
CorniceLightingIndirectlightingusingalightrecessedwithincrownmolding.
CorrelatedColorTemperature(CCT)Aspecificationofthecolorappearanceofalamp,relatingitscolorto
thatofareferencesource,blackbodyradiator,heatedtoaparticulartemperature,measuredindegreesKelvin(K)
CCTgenerallymeasuresthewarmthorcoolnessoflightsourceappearance.
CoulombCoulombsareunitsofelectricalcharge.Definedasthechargebyaconstantcurrent.
CoveLightingIndirectlightingwithlightsbuiltintoledges,recesses,ceilings,orhighwalls.
CrossLightingTechniqueusingtwoopposinglightsources(typicallyoneinfrontandonebehind)fordramatic
effect.
CurrentAmeasureoftherateofflowofelectricity,expressedinamperes(A).
CutOffAngleTheanglebetweenadirectiondirectlybeneathalamp(thenadir)tothepointwherethelampor
lightsourcecannolongerbeseen.
DaiseyChainDaisychainingisawiringsetupwheredevicesarelinkedtogethersequentially,withonlythefirst
devicephysicallyconnectingtothepowersource.
DichroicFilterThinfilmfilter,orinterferencefilterisanaccuratecolorfilterusedtoselectivelypasslightofa
smallrangeofcolorswhilereflectingothercolors.
DichroicReflectorCommonlyfoundandusedbehindalightsourcetoreflectlightforwardwhileallowing
infraredlighttopassthebackofthelamp.Thisresultsinabeamthatiscoolerinthermaltemperature.
DiffuseToscatterorspreadoutlightinanevenpattern.
DiffuserAdevicethatscattersorspreadsoutlight.
DimmableCapableofbeingreducedinintensity.
DimmerAdevicethatallowsyoutovarythebrightnessorcolortemperatureofanelectricallight.
DirectCurrent(DC)Theunidirectionalflowofanelectriccharge.
DirectGlareAbright,nonreflectedlightthatobscuresorimpairsvision.

DoubleEndedLampsthathavetwobasesoppositeoneanotherforserieselectricalconnection,mechanical
mountingandheatdissipation.
DirectionalLightingIlluminationontheworkplaneoronanobjectpredominantlyfromasingledirection.
DischargeTubeAninsulated,thermallyresistantglassorquartzenvelopefilledwithagasthatcanbe
electricallychargedbyinternalelectrodes.
DoubleEndedLampLampsthathavetwobasesoppositeoneanotherforserieselectricalconnection,
mechanicalmountingandheatdissipation.
DownlightAfixtureorlampthatisdesignedtopointilluminationdownwards.
DriverElectronicsusedtopowerilluminationsources.Ballast.
Driver,LEDAselfcontainedpowersupplyusedtopowerLEDs.
EfficacyTherateatwhichalampisabletoconvertpower(watts)intolight(lumens),expressedinlumensper
watt(LPWorlm/W).SeealsoLPWPerformance.
ElectrodeAnelectricalconductorthatmakescontactwithanonmetallicportionofacircuit(suchasan
electrollyticfluid,vacuum,orsemiconductor).
ElectrodelessLampSeeInductionLamp
Electroluminescent(EL)Opticalandelectricalphenomenonwhereamaterialemitslightinresponsetothethe
passageofanelectricalcurrentortoastrongelectricfield.
ElectromagneticBallastAcurrentcontrollingdevicethatistypicallyusedforHIDandfluorescentlamps.
ElectromagneticSpectrumTherangeofpossiblefrequenciesofelectromagneticradiation.
ElectronStimulatedLuminescence(ESL)Lightproducedbyfluorescentphosphorswhenhitbyabeamof
electrons.Aprocessknownascathodolumiescence.
ElectronicBallastAcurrentcontrollingdeviceforfluorescentlampswhichfirstconvertsthevoltagefrequency
from60cyclesto20KHzorhigher.
ElectromagneticSpectrumTherangeofpossiblefrequenciesofelectromagneticradiation.
ElectronStimulatedLuminescence(ESL)Lightproducedbyfluorescentphosphorswhenhitbyabeamof
electrons.Aprocessknownascathodolumiescence.
ElectronicBallastAcurrentcontrollingdeviceforfluorescentlampswhichfirstconvertsthevoltagefrequency
from60cyclesto20KHzorhigher.
ElectronicTransformerAdeviceusedtoconvertvoltageviainductionbyfirstincreasingthefrequencyusing
aninverter.Electronictransformersaretypicallysmallerinsizecomparedtotraditionaltransformers.

EllipticalLensAnellipticallyshapedlens.Thedesignproducesanasymmetricallightdistributioninasingle
direction.AlsoknownasaLinearSpreadLens.
ElongatedLensAnelongatedshapedlens.Thedesignproducesanasymmetricallightdistributioninasingle
direction.AlsoknownasaLinearSpreadLens.
EMI/RFIElectronicBallastscontaincircuitsthatlimitelectricalnoiseconductedontothepowerlineorradiated
throughtheair,otherwisereferredtoasEMI/RFI.ManyofourballastscomplywithFCC47CFRPart18,non
consumerlimitsforcommercialapplications.Ballastsforresidentialapplicationmustmeetconsumerlimits.We
haveacompletelineofmagneticballastsforresidentialuse.
EndBlackeningAdarkeningoftheendsofafluorescentlampcausedbydepositsofparticlesevaporatingfrom
thecathode.
EnergyAmeasureofworkdonebyanelectricalsystemoveragivenperiodoftime,oftenexpressedinkilowatt
hours(kWh).
EnergyIndependenceandSecurityAct(EISA)TheEnergyIndependenceandSecurityAct(EISA)of2007
waspassedtoincreasethestandardsforlightingproductefficiency.
EnergyPolicyAct(EPACT)LegislationenactedbytheUSCongressin1992regardingthelabelingandenergy
requirementsforlampsandballasts.
ENERGYSTAROrganizationresponsibleforsettinginternationalstandardsforenergyefficiencyfor
consumerproducts.
ERLampAnellipsoidalreflectorspotlightisastagelightthatcollectsanddirectslightthroughabarrelandlens
tomaximizelightoutput.ColloquiallyknownasaLekoorShakespearelight.
EyeballTrimTrimkitforarecessedlightthatgrantsthelampanadjustableangle.
FaceplateAcover,plate,orbezelplacedonthefrontofanobjectthatisusuallyreplaceableorcosmetic.
Examplesincludethecoversonlightswitches,electricaloutlets,andthemasksusedbylifelikehumanoidrobots.
FiberOpticGlassorplasticfibersusedtotransmitdataintheformoflight.Abundleoffibersistypicallyused
topreservedataintegrity.
FilamentAtungstenwirepurposelypositionedinsidealampbulb,thatwhenheatedelectricallygenerates
radiationinthevisible,infraredandultravioletranges.Tungstenmaterialismostoftenused,asithasgreattensile
strength,isverydurable,andcanbeheatedverynearitsmeltingpointwithoutevaporatingrapidly.Lampfilaments
areofferedinavarietyofdesignsoptimizedforspecificapplications.
FilterAdevice,boundedbyasystem,whosedesignatedpurposeconsistsoftheselectiveimpedence,removal,or
discretionaryselection,ofspecificobjectsdeemedundesirablefortheendproductoftheinitiallystatedsystem.
Thisisregardlessofifthestatedproduct,process,orconceptconsistsofanelectromagneticfieldlightcolor,

spectralfrequency,oranglesetofconceptsortermsorheterogeneousmixturecontainingexcessparticulatessuch
asdirt,plastic,wood,ormetals.
Fixture(SeeLuminaire.)
FlexibleTrackLightingSystemSuspendedtracklightingsystemwithaflexiblerailtoallowforcustomfixture
designs.
FloodlightAreflectorlampwitharelativelywidebeampattern.Alsoaluminaireconsistingoflampand
reflectoratfixeddistanceprovidingawidefieldofillumination.
FluorescentLampAlowpressuremercuryvapordischargelightsource.Theelectricdischargegeneratesultra
violet(UV)energy,whichisabsorbedbyaphosphorandconvertedtovisiblelight.
Footcandle(fc)Aunitofilluminationequalto1lumenpersquarefoot.
FootLambert(fL)LuminanceunitusedintheUSthatisequalto1/candelapersquarefoot.
FourWaySwitchAnintermediateswitchusedtoexpandthenumberofcontrollocationswithinaroom.
FrequencyThenumberoftimespersecondthatanalternatingcurrentsystemreversesfrompositivetonegative
andbacktopositive,expressedincyclespersecondorhertz(Hz).
FresnelLensAcompactlensallowingforconstructionofalargeaperaturelenswithashortfocallengththats
muchthinnerthanaconventionallens.
FrostedLensAslightlyopaquelensusedtocreateasofter,morediffusedlight.
GangingProcessofarrangingmultipleelectricaldevicesormachinestogethertoworkincoordination.
GelColored,heatresistantplasticusedtocoloralightsource.Usedforstagelighting.
GeneralLighting(AmbientLighting)Lightingdesignedtodeliverapredominatelyuniformleveloflight
throughoutanarea.
GlareAstrongordazzlinglightthatobscuresvision.
GlareBombAstreetlightwhichcastslightupwardorsidewayscreatingglareorexcesslightpollution.
GlowtoArcTransitionInordertoachievefullratedlamplife,aballastshouldstartalampsothatthetime
fromwhenthelampbeginstoglowtothetimethelamparcstrikesshouldbeasshortaspossible.Instantstart
ballaststypicallyaccomplishthistaskwithin50millisecond.
GoboAstencilortemplatewhichisplacedinfrontofalightsourcetocontrolthepatternoflightemittedbythe
fixture.
GroundThecommonreturnpathforcurrentinanelectricalcircuit.
GroundingTheballastcaseandfixturemustalwaysbegrounded.Thegroundinghelpsassuresafety,proper

lampstarting,andacceptableEMI/RFIperformance.Installballastinaccordancewithnationalandlocalelectric
codes.
HalogenCycleChemicalprocesswherethehalogengaswithinalampsenveloperedepositstheevaporated
tungstenbackontothefilament,prolonginglamplifeandpreventingcloudingoftheenvelope.
HalogenIRLamp(HIR)Halogenlampcoatedtoreduceheatoutput,improvingefficiency.
HalogenLampsHighpressuretungstenfilamentlampscontaininghalogengases.Thehalogengasesallowthe
filamentstooperateathigherefficaciesthanincandescentlamps.Halogenlampsalsoprovidebrighter,whiterlight
withbettercolorcharacteristics,longerservicelifeandimprovedenergyefficiency.
HardwiredAdevicewithelectricalwireleadsalreadypermanentlyattached.
HarmonicAnelectricalfrequencythatisanintegermultipleofthefundamentalfrequencyforexample,if60
Hzisthefundamentalfrequency,then120Hzisthesecondharmonicand180Hzisthethirdharmonic.Some
electronicdevices,suchasballastsorpowersupplies,cancauseharmonicdistortion,directlyaffectingpower
quality.
HarpMetalcomponentontheframeofaportableordesklampthatholdstheshadeinplace.
HeatSinkApassiveheatexchangerusedinelectronicsystemstocollectanddisperseheatawayfromsensitive
components.Typicallymadeupofseveralseparatedfinsorbladestoincreasesurfacearea.
Hertz(Hz)Aunitoffrequencyequaltoonecyclepersecondseefrequency.
HighBayLightFixtureDesignedforhighceilings(typicallyabove25feet),highbayfixturesareusedmost
ofteninfactories,warehousesandgymnasiums.
HighIntensityDischarge(HID)LampsLampsinwhichanarcpassingbetweentwoelectrodesinapressurized
tubecausesvariousmetallicadditivestovaporizeandreleaselargeamountsoflight.AllHIDlampsoffer
outstandingenergyefficiencyandservicelife.Metalhalidelampsalsooffergoodtoexcellentcolorrenderingindex
(CRI).
HighOutput(HO)Fluorescentlampwithhigherthanaveragelumenoutput.Thesefluorescentsaredesignedto
highercurrentlevels(roughly800milliamperes)andcanoperateinlowertemperatures.
HighPressureSodiumLamp(HPS)Asodiumvaporlampwhichusesanamalgamationofmercuryand
metallicsodiumtogenerateanarclight.HPSlampsareextremelyefficientbuthavepoorcolorrendering.
HouseholdWireWhiletypicallyincorrectlyreferredtobythetermRomex(abrandofhouseholdwire),non
metallicsheathedelectricalcableistherubberinsulatedelectricalcableusedformostinhomewiring.Household
wiringisusually14/2withagroundwire,asitscomprisedofthreeseparate14gaugewires,sheathedinrubber
insulation.
IlluminanceLightarrivingatasurface,expressedinlumensperunitarea1lumenpersquarefootequals1

footcandle,while1lumenpersquaremeterequals1lux.
IlluminatingEngineeringSociety(IES)Therecognizedtechnicalauthorityonillumination,theIlluminating
EngineeringSocietyofNorthAmerica(IES)ensuresthedisemminationofuptodatelightinginformationtoits
membersthroughprograms,publicationsandservices.Asapremieresourceoflightingindustrynewsand
information,IESpublishesnearly100technicalpublicationsandworkinconjunctionwithavarietyofother
organizationsforfurtherreach.IESsoutreachprogramsincludeinstructionalcourses,documentation,andgeneral
informationpublications.
IlluminationAsecondarytermforilluminance,illuminationmeanslightingorlight.
IlluminatorAlightsource.
IncandescenceIncandescenceistheemissionofelectromagneticradiationfromasourcebyheat.ThisEM
radiationincludesvisibilelight.Insimplerterms,incandescentlightisgeneratedbyheatinganobjectuntilit
glows.
IncandescentLampAlightsourceusingtheprincipleofincandescence.Whenanelectriccurrentpassesthrough
afilamentwire(usuallytungsten),theheatedwireglows.Filamentsofstandardincandescentlampsareenclosedin
avacuumorgasfilledbulb.Theyprovidelowinitialcost,goodcolorrenditionandexcellentopticalcontrol.
IndirectGlareWhileglareiscauseddirectlybyavibrantlightsource,indirectglareiswhenastronglightis
reflectedoffasecondarysurfacetoimpairthevisionoftheviewer.
IndirectLightingLightinganobjectbyreflectingastrongsourceoffofasecondaryobjectsuchasawallor
ceiling.
InductionLampAgasdischargelamp,similarinconstructiontoafluorescent,whichusesanelectromagnetic
fieldtoexcitethegas.Thegasgeneratesilluminationthroughelectricalinducationinsteadofthemoretraditional
internalelectrodes.
Infrared(IR)Electromagneticradiationwithwavelengthslongerthanthoseofvisiblelight.Thisspectrumof
theEMbandextendsfrom700nmto1mm.
InfraredRadiationSeeInfrared.
InitialLumensisameasureofhowmuchlightthelampisemittingnearthebeginningofitslife.
InputVoltagePowersupplyvoltagerequiredforproperoperationoffluorescentorHIDballast.
InstantStart(IS)Instantstartballastsapplyhighvoltageacrossthelampwithnopreheatingofthecathode.
Thisisthemostenergyefficientstartingmethodforfluorescentlampballastingbecausetheyprovidemaximum
energysavingsandstartlampswithoutdelayorflashing.ISballastsuse1.5to2wattslessperlampthanrapidstart
ballast.OtherISballastbenefitstypicallyincludeparallellampcircuitry,longerremotewiringdistance,easier
installationduetolesscomplicatedwiring,andcapabilitytostartlampsat0degrees(versus50degreesFforrapid

start).
InstantStart(IS)Instantstartballastsapplyhighvoltageacrossthelampwithnopreheatingofthecathode.
Thisisthemostenergyefficientstartingmethodforfluorescentlampballastingbecausetheyprovidemaximum
energysavingsandstartlampswithoutdelayorflashing.ISballastsuse1.5to2wattslessperlampthanrapidstart
ballast.OtherISballastbenefitstypicallyincludeparallellampcircuitry,longerremotewiringdistance,easier
installationduetolesscomplicatedwiring,andcapabilitytostartlampsat0degrees(versus50degreesFforrapid
start).
InternationalDarkSkyAssociation(IDA)Foundedin1988,theInternationalDarkSkyAssociationworksto
reducelightpollutionacrosstheworld.Theyfocusonpromotingtheideathatcitiesshouldlightonlywhatthey
needwhentheyneeditandworkwithbothcitiesandmanufacturerstodevelopnewsystemsandtechnologiesto
reduceoveralllightpollution.
InverseSquareLawInlighting,thislawstatesthattheilluminationofalightsourceisinverselyproportionalto
thesquareofthedistancefromthesource.Inshort,thefurtheryouarefromthesource,thedimmerthelighton
anobject.
InverterAnelectronicdevicethatconvertsdirectcurrent(DC)intoalternatingcurrent(AC).
IPRatingsIngressprotection(IP)ratingsidentifywhatmaterial(s)therateditemisprotectedfrom.Thefirst
numberidentifiessolidobjectswhilethesecondnumberidentifiesliquids.
JunctionBoxAcontainertohouseelectricalconnections.
KelvinTemperatureScaleSeeKelvin.
Kelvin(K)Aunitofabsolutetemperatureequalto1/273.16oftheabsolutetemperatureofthetriplepointof
water.OnekelvindegreeisequaltooneCelsiusdegree.Inlighting,KelvinistheunitofmeasureforColor
Temperature.(SeeColorTemperature)
Kilowatt(Kw)Scaledunitmeasurementforwattage.Equalto1,000watts.
KilowattHour(kWh)Themeasureofelectricalenergyfromwhichelectricitybillingisdetermined.For
example,attherateof$0.11oerkWh,a100wattlampoperatingfor2000hourswillcost$22.00(1002000/1000
=200kWhx.11=22.00).
KnockoutSectionsthatcanbeeasilyremovedorknockedoutfromapanel.Typicalusesareinjunctionboxes
toallowforcablestopassthroughthesidesorback.
KryptonOneofthenoblegases.Atomicnumber36.Thisinertgasisusedinkryptonlampsandaspartof
manyfluorescentlights.
LampManufacturedlightsource,synonymouswithlightbulbthethreebroadcategoriesofelectriclampsare
incandescent,fluorescentandhighintensitydischarge.

LampCurrentCrestFactor(LCCF)TheratioofpeaklampcurrenttotheRMS(average)lampcurrent.Lamp
manufacturersrequireaLCCFoflessthan1.70inordertoachievefulllamplife.
LampDimensionsBulbdesignationsconsistofaletterorletterstoindicateshapeandanumbertoindicatethe
approximatediameterineighthsofaninch.
LampDisposalWhendisposingofspentlamps,alwaysconsultfederal,state,localand/orprovincialhazardous
wastedisposalrulesandregulationstoensureproperdisposal.
LampFlickerCyclicvariationinoutputofalightsource.Highfrequencyelectronicballastsprovideaminimal
leveloflampflicker.Lampflickerfrommagneticballastsmaycauseeyefatigueforsomepeople.
LampFuseWireordevicedesignedtoprotectalampfromovervoltageorovercurrentconditions.PhotoOptic
lampsarefusedintheirapplicationstopreventlampoverpowering.Certainlampscontaintheirowninternalfuse.
Pleaseensurelampsinyourspecificapplicationarefusedwithrespecttotheirpowersource.
LampLumenDepreciationFactor(LLDF)Themultipliertobeusedinilluminationcalculationstorelatethe
initialratedoutputoflightsourcestotheanticipatedminimumratedoutputbasedontherelampingprogramtobe
used.(SeeLumenDepreciationandMeanLumens.)
LightEmittingDiode(LED)Asolidstatesemiconductordevicethatconvertselectricalenergydirectlyinto
light.Onitsmostbasiclevel,asemiconductoriscomprisedoftworegions.Thepregioncontainspositive
electricalchargeswhilethenregioncontainsnegativeelectricalcharges.Whenvoltageisappliedandcurrent
beginstoflow,theelectronsmoveacrossthenregionintothepregion.Theprocessofanelectronmovingthrough
thepnjunctionreleasesenergy.Thedispersionofthisenergyproducesphotonswithvisiblewavelengths.
LampDimensionsBulbdesignationsconsistofaletterorletterstoindicateshapeandanumbertoindicatethe
approximatediameterineighthsofaninch.
LEDDriverSeeDriver.
LensAglassorplasticelementusedinluminairestochangethedirectionandcontrolthedistributionoflight
rays.
LensedTrofferAnytrofferthatusesalenstofocusordiffuseitslight.
LifeCycleCostThecostofownershipofaproductoveritslifetime,orbuytobin.
LightRadiantenergythatiscapableofproducingavisualsensation.
LightBulbOftenascribedtotheincandescentlight,alightbulbisanyofanumberofbulbshapedlightsources.
Lightbulbscomeinmanyshapesandsizesandusemultiplesourcetypes,includingincandescent,fluorescent,
LED,andHID.
LightCenterLength(LCL)LightCenterLengthisthedistancefromareferencepointonalampbase(usually
theeyelet)tothecenterofthelightsource.Forhighintensitydischargelamps,itisthedistancefromthecenterof

thefilamentorcenterofthearctothepointshownbelowforthebaseindicated:
AllScrewBases:Bottombasecontact
MediumandMogulPrefocus:Topofbasepin
MediumBiPost:Bottomofbulb
BayonetCandelabraandMediumBayonet:Topofbasepins
SCorDCPrefocus:Planeoflocatingbossesofprefocusingcollar
MiniCan:Intersectionof45degreetaperwithmax.diameterofbase
LightEmittingDiode(LED)Asolidstatesemiconductordevicethatconvertselectricalenergydirectlyinto
light.Onitsmostbasiclevel,asemiconductoriscomprisedoftworegions.Thepregioncontainspositive
electricalchargeswhilethenregioncontainsnegativeelectricalcharges.Whenvoltageisappliedandcurrent
beginstoflow,theelectronsmoveacrossthenregionintothepregion.Theprocessofanelectronmovingthrough
thepnjunctionreleasesenergy.Thedispersionofthisenergyproducesphotonswithvisiblewavelengths.
LightEmittingPlasma(LEP)LEPlampsareatypeofelectrodeless,gasdischargelampwhichusesradio
frequency(RF)powertoexcitethegasangeneratealightproducing(emitting)plasma.
LightFixtureAlightedpieceoffurniturethatisimmobile.Usedforillumination.
LightLossFactor(LLF)Afactorusedincalculatingilluminanceafteragivenperiodoftimeandundergiven
conditions.Ittakesintoaccounttemperatureandvoltagevariations,dirtaccumulationonluminaireandroom
surfaces,lampdepreciation,maintenanceproceduresandatmosphereconditions.Formerlycalledmaintenance
factor.
LightSourceOriginationpointforlight.Typicallyalightfixtureorbulb.Mayalsorefertotypeoflightsuchas
incandescentorLED.
LightTrespassWhenlightingispoorlycontrolledandallowsunwantedlighttoshineontopropertyand
windows.
LightingFactsLabelFTCmandatedlabelthatoutlinesspecificationsforthelightsource.Detailsincludelumen
output,energycost,lifeexpectancy,appearance,wattage,andmercurycontent.
LineVoltageAlsoknownasmainselectricity,isthegeneralpurposebuildingelectricityline.FortheUS,this
valueisusually120volts.
LinearSpreadLensElongatesanybeamoflightthatpassesthroughitbydiverginglightononlyasingleaxis,
creatinganasymmetricallightpattern.
LM79Photometrictestsystemforsolidstatelighting.TheLM79testfocusesonperformancecharacteristsof
SSLtechnology.Inputvoltage,current,power,andthepowerfactorofthelamparealltestedandcomparedwith

lumenoutputandluminousflux.
LM80Anotherphotometrictestsystemforpurposesofcomparisonbetweenlamps.SeeLM79.
LouverAblindorshutter,typicallymadeupofangledslatsthatcanbeopenedorclosed.
LowBayLightFixtureFixtureusedforlargeareaswithlowceilings.Lowbayfixturestypicallyuseadiffuser
lenstodisperselightandmitigateglarefromthepowerfullampsusedinside.
LowPressureSodiumLampAnarclampwhichusesasolidsodiumbaseasanilluminator.LPSlampsare
extremelyenergyefficient,buthaveverypoorcolorrendering,makingthemusefulforstreetlampsandsecurity
lighting.
LowTemperatureStartingInstantstartandprogrammedrapidstartelectronicballastshavethecapabilityto
startfluorescentlampsattemperaturesdownto0Fprovidingthefollowingconditionsaremet:1.Theballastis
operatedatratednominallinevoltage2.Ballastcannotbetandem/remotewiredforlowtemperaturestarting
applications.Pleasenote,startingtimemayincreaseat0Fambienttemperatures.Enclosedfixturesare
recommendedasfluorescentlampshavereducedlightoutputatcoolerambienttemperatures.(Seespecificationsfor
eachmodelsstartingtemperaturerating.)
LowVoltageArelativemeasurementdependingonyourstateandcountry.Lowvoltagelightingistypically24
voltsorlower.LowvoltageasanindustrystandarddescribesanythingthatisnotregulatedbyHighVoltageSafety
codes(anythinglessthan1000VACor1500VDC).
LPWPerformanceLumensPerWatt.Thenumberoflumensproducedbyalightsourceforeachwattof
electricalpowersuppliedtothelightsource.AlsoseeEfficacy.
Lumen(lm)Aunitofluminousfluxoveralllightoutputquantityoflight,expressedinlumens.Forexample,a
dinnercandleprovidesabout12lumensanda60wattsoftwhiteincandescentlampprovidesabout840lumens.
Lumens(mean)Theamountoflumensthebulbproducesat50percentofitslife.
LumenDepreciationThedecreaseinlumenoutputofalightsourceovertimeeverylamptypehasaunique
lumendepreciationcurve(sometimescalledalumenmaintenancecurve)depictingthepatternofdecreasinglight
output.SeeLampLumenDepreciationFactor,LLDFandMeanLumens.

LumenMaintenanceTheoppositeofLumenDepreciationlumenmaintenancecomparestheinitiallumen
outputtoanestimatedoutputatafuturetime.
LuminaireAlightfixturethecompletelightingunit,includinglamp,reflector,ballast,socket,wiring,diffuser
andhousing.
LuminaireEfficiencyTheratioofluminousflux(lumens)emittedbyaluminairetothatemittedbythelampor
lampsusedtherein.

Luminance(L)Lightreflectedinaparticulardirectionthephotometricquantitymostcloselyassociatedwith
brightnessperception,measuredinunitsofluminousintensity(candelas)perunitarea(squarefeetorsquare
meters).
LuminousEfficacyTheexpressionofefficiencyinconvertingpower(watts)intolight(lumens).Expressedas
lumensperwattorl/w.
LuminousFluxTheamountofenergyradiatedinvisiblewavelengths(visiblespectrum)perunitoftime.
Lux(lx)Aunitofilluminanceequalto1lumenpersquaremeter.
MagneticBallastVoltageorcurrentregulatorforalampwhichmagneticinductioninsteadofsolidstate
electronics.
MagneticInductionProcesswherevoltageisaddedtoalineorcircuitbymeansofamagneticfieldinsteadof
electricalconduction.
MagneticTransformerVoltageconversionunitusedtostepup(increase)orstepdown(decrease)voltageona
lineusingmagneticinduction.
MaximumCaseTemperatureAllelectronicballastshaveamaximumallowablecasetemperature.Applications
inwhichthecasetemperatureexceedsthismaximumvoidallwarranties.
MaximumOverallLength(MOL)Thetotallengthofalamp,fromtopofbulbtobottomofbase.
MeanLumensLumenoutputofalightsourceafterthesourcehasbeenused.Meanlumenvaluesforfluorescent
andHIDlampsaretypicallymeasuredat40%oftheirratedlives.Mosthighpressuresodiumandmercurylamps
aremeasuredat50%oftheirratedlives.AllmeasurementsaremadeonANSIreferenceballasts.Meanlumensare
nottypicallymeasuredforincandescentandtungstenhalogenlamps.
MercuryAnelementwiththesymbolHgandatomicnumber80.Mercuryistoxicifdirectlyexposedtolarge
quantitiesofthemetalhowever,itsabilitytoformanamalgamwithmanyelementshasmadeitextremelyuseful.
Mercuryisanessentialpartofarcandfluorescentlampssincemercuryvaporinalampcreatesapathfor
electricitytofollow.
MercuryVaporLampAnarclampwhichusesmercuryvaporasanelectricalconductor.Thearciscontained
inasmallinternalenvelope,whiletheouterlampisdesignedforthermalandultravioletradiationprotection.
MesopicVisionThecombinationofphotopicandscotopicvision(dayandnightvision)usedinlowlight
conditions.
MetalHalideLamp(MH)Anarclampwhichusesacombinationofmercuryvaporandmetalhalides(bromine
oriodinecompounds)fortheelectricarc.
MotionSensorAnelectronicdevicedesignedtodetectmotion.Motionsensorstypicallyuseoptical,microwave,
oracousticsensorstodetectdifferenceswithinaroomandtriggeranelectricaldeviceasaresponse.

MultifacetedReflector(MR)Areflectorbasebulb,typicallywithbipinorGUbases.MRbulbsare
designatedbyMR#wherethe#equalsthedistancebetweenpinsineighthsofaninch(e.g.MR16isanMRbulb
withaspacingof16eightsofaninchor2inches).
MultiLocationControlMultilocationdimmerscanbeusedwithaccessorydimmers(SmartRemotes)forfull
controlofthelightsfromupto10locations.
NAEDAfivedigitnumberusedtoidentifyaspecificlamp.ThisNAEDnumberinthiscatalogislabeled
ProductNumberandshouldbeusedwhenorderingproducts.NAEDistheabbreviationforNationalAssociationof
ElectricalDistributors.
Nanometer(nm)Aunitoflengthequalto109meterscommonlyusedasaunitofwavelength.
NationalAssociationofElectricalDistributors(NAED)NAEDistheabbreviationforNationalAssociationof
ElectricalDistributors,anonprofitorganizationdedicatedtoserviceandprotectionofelectricalproduct
distribution.Afivedigitnumberusedtoidentifyaspecificlamp.ThisNAEDnumberinthiscatalogislabeled
ProductNumberandshouldbeusedwhenorderingproducts.
NationalAssociationofIndependentLightingDistributors(NAILD)Adistributoroflightingtechnology,
specification,andinstallationresourcesforcommerciallightingspecialistdistributorsandmanufacturers.
NationalElectricCode(NEC)Regionalstandardsforsafeinstallationofelectricalwiringandequipment.
NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation(NEMA)Nationalassociationresponsibleformanyofthe
electricalstandardsusedbymanufacturers.
NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(NIST)Organizationdesignedtopromoteinnovationand
industrialcompetitionthroughadvancingmeasurementscience,standards,andtechnology.
NeodymiumChemicalelementwithanatomicnumberof60andthesymbolNd.
NeonChemicalelementwithanatomicnumberof10andthesymbolNe.AnoblegasusedinNeonlamps.
NominalLengthAmeasurementoffluorescentlamplengthbasedonthelengthofthelampplustheproper
allowanceforstandardlampholders.
NominalWattsWattageusedtodescribealamp.AlsoseePowerandWatt.
OccupancySensorSeeMotionSensor.
OFRAbbreviationforozonefreetechnology.LampswiththedesignationOFRdonotgenerateozoneduring
operation.
OLEDOLEDsarecomprisedofmainlyorganicmaterials,makingthemanenvironmentallyfriendlylightsource
thatcaneasilyberecycled.Freeofultravioletrays,unlikeLEDs.
OpenCircuitAnonclosedcircuit,preventingelectricalcurrentfromflowing.Circuitscanbeopenduetoan

electricalbreak,orduetoaswitchforcingthecircuitopen.
OpenCircuitVoltage(OCV)OpenCircuitVoltagemeasuredacrossthesocketthelampscrewsinto,withthe
ballastpoweredon.Itisdangeroustostickavoltmeterintosuchasocketwithoutpreciseknowledgeoftheballast
becauseexceedinglyhighvoltagescouldbepresent.
OperatingPositionSomelampsarespecified/designedtobeoperatedincertainpositions,i.e.,horizontalor
baseup.Lampsmaybeoperatedinanypositionunlessotherwiseindicated.
OpticsThebehaviorsandpropertiesoflight.
OrderingAbbreviationProvidesashorthanddescriptionofthelamp,usingauniquecodewhichcanbeused
whenorderingalampiftheProductNumberisnotknown.Anexamplewouldbe:CF15EL/R30/830/MED,which
translatestoa15wattSoftWhiteDULUXELreflectorelectronicselfballastedcompactfluorescentlampwith
anR30reflector,82CRI,3000Kcolortemperatureandamediumscrewbase.
OutletInbuildingwiring,asocketwireappliancesorelectricalequipmentcanconnecttolineormainvoltage.
PARLampsPressedaluminizedreflectorlamp,withtheouterbulbformedfromtwopressedglasspartsthatare
fusedorsealedtogether.PARlampsmaybeincandescent,halogen,orHIDtypes.
ParabolicTrofferAtrofferfixturethatincludesaparaboliclenstoreduceglarebyshieldingthelampfrom
view.
ParallelCircuitAcircuitconsistingoftwoormoreparallelpathsthroughwhichvoltagecanflowbetween
sourceandground.
Parallelvs.SeriesWiringconfigurationsforballasts.Ballastswithparallellampcircuitryhavethebenefitof
companionlampsremaininglit,evenifoneofthelampsoperatedbytheballastshouldfail.Systemswithseries
lampwiring(magneticballastsandmanyrapidstartelectronictypes)resultinalllampsoperatedontheballast
goingoutifoneshouldfail.
PassiveInfrared(PIR)Adevicethatmeasuresinfraredlightfromobjectsinitsfieldofview.Typicallyused
formotionandoccupancysensors.
PathLightFixturesandlightsusedforpathwayillumination.
PendantAfreehanginglightfixture.
PhosphorAsubstancethatexhibitsluminescence,usuallycausedfromexposuretoultravioletlight.
PhotocellAtransducerusedtodetectandmeasurelightandotherradiations.
PhotometryThescienceofmeasuringvisiblelightinunitsthatareweightedaccordingtothesensitivityofthe
humaneyeknownastheVisualWavelengthfactor.Photometrictheorydoesnotaddresshowweperceivecolors.
PhotoOpticSpecialtyLampsPhotoOpticspecialtylampsemployavarietyoftechnologiestomeetthevery

preciselevelsofperformancerequiredbytheentertainmentindustry,science,medicalandotherhightechfields.
PhotopicVisionThevisionoftheeyeinwelllitconditionswhichallowsforhighercolorperception.
PictureLightAlightfixtureorluminaireusedtoilluminatepicturesandotherflatartisticworks.Thisfixture
canbemountedtotheframe,wallorceilingabovetheobject.
PLLampAnothertermforatwintubeCFL.
PolarizedPlugAnelectricalplugwhichfeaturestwodifferentsizedbladestoensureasingleorientationfor
socketinsertion.Apolarizedplugisusedondeviceswithsetpositiveandnegativesides.
PolycarbonateAtemperatureandtamperresistantplasticusedinmultipleapplications.Usedofteninlighting
fixturesforhighdurabilityandexcellentlighttransmission.
PortableLampAluminairethatcanbemovedfromplacetoplacewithrelativeease.Examplesincludetable,
floor,anddesklamps.
PowerTherateatwhichenergyistakenfromanelectricalsystemordissipatedbyaload,expressedinwatts
(W)powerthatisgeneratedbyautilityistypicallyexpressedinvoltamperes(VA).
PowerFactorAmeasureoftheeffectivenesswithwhichanelectricaldeviceconvertsvoltamperestowatts
deviceswithpowerfactors(>0.90)arehighpowerfactordevices.
PowerFailureMemoryAfeatureofdimmingcontrolsthatensuresthelastselectedlightlevelwillbepreserved
afterapoweroutage.
PreheatAclassoffluorescentsrequiringastarter,whichallowsthelampandfilamentstobeproperlyheated
beforeallowingtheballasttosupplythecorrectcurrentflow.
PrismaticLensUsesperpendicularribsalongonesideofthelenstosendlightinalldirectionsevenly.Also
knownasaspreadlens.
ProductNumber(SeeNAED.)
ProgrammedStart(PS)Amethodofstartingfluorescentlampswherecathodeheatisappliedpriortolamp
ignitionthenremovedorreducedoncethelamphasignited.ProgrammedStartballastsmaximizethenumberof
lampstartingcycleswhilemaintainingenergyefficiency.Thisisthepreferredmodeoflampstartingfor
applicationswithoccupancysensorsandseveralon/offcyclesperday.Additionally,thelampswillstrikereliablyin
coldconditionsdownto0F.ThistypeofballastmayalsobereferredtoasProgrammed(Rapid)Start.
QuartzHalogenLampSeeHalogenLamp.
QuickConnectorAplasticwireconnectorwithmetalcontactsontheinsides.Usedtosplicewiresorcreate
simpleelectricalconnectionsbypushinganexposedoruninsulatedwireintotheconnector.
RapidStart(RS)Rapidstartballastsapplyalowfilamentvoltagetopreheatthecathodes.Simultaneously,a

startingvoltage(lowerthanthatusedininstantstart)isalsoappliedtostrikethearc.Whenthecathodesarehot
enough,thelampwillstrike.Thefilamentvoltagecontinuestobeappliedthroughouttheoperationofthelamp.
Rapidstartballastsappeartohaveaslightturnondelaycomparedtoinstantstart.Theywilltypicallynotbeableto
startlampsreliablyunder50F.
RatedAverageLifeThelengthofoperation(inhours)atwhichpointanaverageof50%ofalargesampleof
lampswillstillbeoperationaland50%willnot.
ReflectorAdeviceusedtoredirectthelightbytheprocessofreflection.PhotoOpticreflectorlampsutilize
ellipsoidal(converginglightrays)orparabolic(collimatinglightrays)reflectors.Dichroiccoatedreflectorsare
designedtoreflectvisiblelightandpassthroughunwantedinfraredwavelengths.
Resistance(R)Ameasureofresistancetoflowofcurrent,expressedinohms(O).
RFISuppressionAfeatureofdimmingcontrolsthatreducestheamountofRadioFrequencyInterference(RFI)
causedbyusingsolidstatedimmersnearAMradios,telephones,intercomsandotherRFIsensitiveradio
components.
ShieldingAgeneraltermtoincludealldevicesusedtoblock,diffuseorredirectlightrays,includingbaffles,
louvers,shades,diffusersandlenses.
SingleEndedLampshavingasinglelampbaseorpointofelectricalconnection.
SinglePoleSwitchAtypeofswitchorlightingcontrolthatcontrolsanoutletorlightingfixturefromasingle
location.
SpectralPowerDistribution(SPD)Acurveillustratingthedistributionofradiantpowerproducedbythelamp,
ateachwavelengthacrossthespectrum.
SpotlightAluminaireusinghalogen/incandescentorahighintensitydischarge(HID)lampthatproducesa
narrowbeamangledesignedtoilluminateaspecificallydefinedarea.Itcanalsobecalledareflectorlamp.
StartingTemperature(Minimum)Theminimumambienttemperatureatwhichthelampwillstartreliably.
StartingTemperature(Maximum)Themaximumambienttemperatureatwhichthelampwillstartreliably.
TasklightingLightingdesignedforaspecificvisibleoperationwhichrequireshigherlightlevelsmostoften
characterizedbyproximitytothattask.
TCLPTest(ToxicityCharacteristicLeachingProcedure)FederalEPAregulations(RCRAof1990)have
definedaTCLPtesttodeterminewhetherwastesaretobetreatedashazardousornonhazardous.
TotalHarmonicDistortion(THD)Ameasureofthedistortionofanelectricalwaveform.ExcessiveTHD
(definedbyANSIasgreaterthan32%)maycauseadverseeffectstotheelectricalsystem.<20%THDballastsare
fineformostapplications.However,inbuildingswithneutralproblemscausedbyhighTHDloadssuchas
computers,printers,DCsupplies,etc.,the<10%THDproductscanhelpreducetheoverall%ofTotalHarmonic

Distortion.
ThreeWaySwitchAtypeofswitchordimmingcontrolthatiswiredintandemwithanotherswitchtocontrol
anoutletorlightingfixturefromtwolocations.
TotalLifeHoursThetotallifespanofanLED(LightEmittingDiode),usually100,000hours.
TransformerAnelectricaldevicebywhichalternatingcurrentofonevoltageischangedtoanothervoltage
TriggerStartAcircuitusedtoeliminatethestarterandstartthepreheatlampalmostinstantly.Inthiscircuit
eachelectrodeisconnectedtoaseparatewindingintheballastsothattheelectrodeiscontinuouslyheated.
UsableLightHoursThelifeofanLED(LightEmittingDiode)beforelightoutputissignificantlyreduced,
usually50,000hours.
Voltage(V)Ameasureofelectricalpotential,expressedinvolts(V).Voltageistheforcethatpusheselectrical
currentthroughaconductor.
WarrantyAstatementofmanufacturerwarranty.Pleasesee1000Bulbs.comCustomerServicepageformore
information.
Watt(W)Aunitofelectricalpowerequalto1joulepersecond.Lampsareratedinwattstoindicatepower
consumption.AlsoseeNominalwatts.
WavelengthDistancebetweentwosuccessivepointsofaperiodicwavethewavelengthsoflightaretypically
expressedinnanometers(nm),orbillionthsofameter.