Sonal Harsh

Fall 2015

1417500

College of Technology
Advance Wireless Network
Assignment-4

1. Differential Encoding
It is a technique is used to provide unambiguous signal reception while using
some types of modulation. The data to be transmitted is dependent not only
the current but on the previous bit as well.
The type of application which requires differential encoding is phase shift
keying and quadrature amplitude modulation.

2.

Function does a modem perform:

To allow communications across different types of networks.
It's a modulator and a de-modulator.
Modems change the analog signal to digital and the digital signal to analog.

3. Three major disadvantages of digital transmission over analog

transmission.
Digital signals do not get corrupted by noise etc. You are sending a series of
numbers that represent the signal of interest (i.e. audio, video etc.)
Digital signals typically use less bandwidth. This is just another way to say
you can cram more information (audio, video) into the same space.
Digital can be encrypted so that only the intended receiver can decode it (like
pay per view video, secure telephone etc.)

Sonal Harsh
Fall 2015

1417500

4. The difference between QPSK and offset QPSK: QPSK

1. phase changes of +/- 90 and
+/-180 degrees
2 Requirements of linear
amplifier as nonlinear
amplifier cause spectral
regrowth because of abrupt
+/-180 degree transitions
of the both bits change the
phase at the same time.

3
Amplitude variations are of the
order of 30dB

OQPSK
1 phase changes of +/- 90
exist
2. less demands of linear
amplifiers, efficient
nonlinear amplifier can be
employed and they do not
cause much spectral
regrowth, as one of the
bits changes the phase at
a time and occurs twice
during the symbol period
with half the intensity of
QPSK
3. Amplitude variation are of
the order of 3 dB
4.

5. QAM:

QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) is a method of

combining two amplitude-modulated (AM) signals into a single
channel, thereby doubling the effective bandwidth. QAM is used
with pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) in digital systems,
especially in wireless applications.
QAM stands for quadrature amplitude modulation, the format by
which digital cable channels are encoded and transmitted via
cable television providers. QAM is used in a variety of
communications systems such as Dial-up modems and Wi-Fi.
QAM stands for Quadrature Amplitude Modulation. It's a
modulation scheme that transmits data by changing the
amplitude of two carrier waves. The two carrier waves are out of
phase with each other by 90 degrees. Digital Cable uses QAM to
transmit the majority of their signals. Two major QAM schemes
are 64QAM and 256QAM. 64QAM contains data throughput
around 28 mbps, where 256QAM has data throughput of 38.8
mbps.

Sonal Harsh
Fall 2015

1417500

6. The sampling theorem tell us concerning the rate of sampling

required for an analog signal:

The signal must be sampled at 2 x the rate of the analog signal (2 x

the analog signal frequency).
It tells how much rate is required in sampling of an analogue signal.

PROBLEMS
1. Are the modem and the codec functional inverses (i.e., could an inverted
modem function as a codec, or vice versa)?

No, the modem and codec are not exactly the functional inverse of
each other.
The modem converts the digital data to analog signal by the
modulating part of it.
The demodulating part of the modem can be used to covert the
ANALOG SIGNAL to digital data....but this analog signal will be
modulated analog signal.

The coding part of the codec convert the analog signals to the digital
signal. These analog signal are pure analog signal. Hence the codec
and modem may seem as functional inverses but do not work as so
due to the fact that the demodulating part of the modem used only the
modulated analog signal and cannot process the pure analog signals.