Petroleum Fluid Properties

Report
2015___2016

Date: 11-10-2015
Stage: Second

Instructor: Dr.Hanoon
Hassan
Conradson Carbon Residue
Apparatus

Group names students

1-
2-
3-
4-
5-
6-
7-
8-
9-
10-
11-
12-
13-
14-

Introduction
Brent crude oil is a mixture of
15 different fields in the Brent
and Nanina areas of the North
Sea (Sea is located in Northern
Europe between Norway and
Denmark from the east of the
United Kingdom and West
Germany, the Netherlands and
Belgium to the south.)

Brent crude is used as a

standard two-thirds of the
world's oil production for the
pricing,
especially
in
the
European and African markets.
Therefore, the supervision of
depleted fields will be a big
problem for customers who
started
looking
for
an
alternative for pricing.

And Akon' 'Bernt '' of oil a

combination of 15 different fields
in the Brent and Nanina areas of
the North Sea, which together
produce about 500 thousand

barrels per day. The '' Brent '' of

light sweet crudes because of the
specific gravity of 38 degrees and
low Nsphalkiprit by up to 037 per
cent. Based on the differences
between him and Vatalokhry it is
generally sold at a higher price of
the basket of crudes '' OPEC ''
about Dularellbrmel, and at a
lower price of WTI about $ too.
Although most of the production
Onat European Brent crudeconsuming, but it is sometimes
issued United Alyalolayat and
some African countries if the
difference between its price and
similar Saralnfot in these markets
is greater than the shipping costs.

Crude Oil Source

Petroleum products, in general,

whether diesel oil, lubricating oil,
light fuel oil or heavy fuel oil, are
essentially composed of two
major elements, carbon and
hydrogen. The combination of
these two elements is called a
hydrocarbon. Its ultimate source
is crude oil as found in its natural
states
in
various
geological
formations throughout the world.

Crude oil consists of a very broad

spectrum
of
hydrocarbons
ranging from very light, volatile

gases to heavy residues. Residual

fuels are, in effect, the heavy
residues
resulting
from
the
refining
process.
The
more
desired hydrocarbons and some
less desirable ones are extracted
from crude oil by the refining
process. Similar processes are
also used to reconstruct the less
desirable hydrocarbon residues
into forms that can meet current
market demand.

The hydrocarbons mostly found

in marine fuel oils fall into four (4)
main
classes

paraffinic,
aromatic, naphthenic and olefin.

These basic compound types are

further
categorized
below.
Paraffinic
hydrocarbons
(CNH
(2N+2)) are lower in specific
gravity
than
aromatic
hydrocarbons of the same boiling
point, while naphthenic and
olefinic
compounds
are
intermediate in density. Their
resistance to chemical change or
oxidation is very good. These
hydrocarbons are clean burning,
and
thus
are
desirable
in
distillates such as gas oil or diesel
oil. Aromatic hydrocarbons (CNH
(2N-6)) possess a much higher
specific gravity than the other
three classes. Aromatics are very
stable under heat and are
chemically active to a moderate
degree. The aromatic compounds
contain a higher proportion of
carbon
than
the
other

hydrocarbon types. Due to this

characteristic,
they
have
a
tendency
to
smoke,
which
somewhat limits their use in
diesel
engines.
Naphthenic
hydrocarbons (CNH2N-ring type)
are extremely stable, cyclo-ring
compounds and in many cases
have more stability than the
paraffins. These hydrocarbons are
more commonly found in heavy
marine fuel oils rather than
distillate
oils.
Olefinic
hydrocarbons
(CNH2-straight
chain) are more chemically active
than the other three classes of
hydrocarbons. Olefins are subject
to oxidation or polymerization,
forming gums. Olefins are not
present in large amounts in
straight-run distillates, but are
found in large quantities in
cracked marine fuel oils. While

crude oil is the source of the

various hydrocarbon compounds
in marine fuels from which
thermal energy is produced
during combustion in a diesel
engine, it also is the source of
many undesirable properties and
characteristics which are carried
over in the refining process to the
resultant
petroleum
product.
Section 2, Table 1 lists the
principal contaminants which are
related to the source of the crude
oil. These contaminants will be
concentrated in heavy fuel oils
which have been subjected to
intensive refining.

Experiment
name
Carbon deposits.

device
components
1-a small bowl
2-bowl large
3-small-cap
4-large-cap
5-source heat
6-loader
7-disc stone

User device (conradson carbon

balance prats)

Conradson
Apparatu

Carbon

Residue

H-2495 The H-2495, Conradson

Carbon Residue Apparatus is used
to test petroleum products to
determine the amount of carbon
residue left after evaporation and
pyrolysis of an oil and to indicate
relative
coke-forming
propensities. The H-2495 Includes
the following: H-5550 Meekerstyle Burner H-2416OX Tripod, H2505 Refractory Block Insulator
Ring H-24020 Nickel-Chrome Wire
Triangle H-2496 Carbon Residue
Apparatus Hood H-2498 Nickel
Crucible and Cover, H-2497
Skidmore Crucible and Cover H2498 Nickel Crucible and Cover H2494
Porcelain
Crucible

Component parts are available

separately. Meets ASTM D189,
D2416. Shipping wt. 7 lbs. (3.2kg)
ASTM Standard The H-2495
Conradson
Carbon
Residue
Apparatus is used to perform
ASTM Standard Tests: D189 and
D2416. ASTM Standards are the
property of ASTM International
and cannot be duplicated for
distribution within this manual.
The easiest way to obtain a copy
of the above Standards is to visit
the ASTM website, , and select
the
Search
function.
This
function facilitates searches by
keyword or standard numbers;
you can see the titles and scopes
of all ASTM standards and the
documents referenced in each
standard. You can also purchase
any standard as a PDF download

immediately or place an order

through.
Products to be free from defects
in material or Warranty Humboldt
Mfg.
Co.
warrants
its
workmanship.
The
exclusive
remedy for this warranty is
Humboldt
Mfg.
Co.,
factory
replacement of any part or parts
of such product, for the warranty
of this product please refer to
Humboldt Mfg. Co. catalog on
Terms and Conditions of Sale. The
purchaser is responsible for the
transportation charges. Humboldt
Mfg. Co. shall not be responsible
under this warranty if the goods
have
been
improperly
maintained, installed, operated or
the goods have been altered or
modified so as to adversely affect
the operation, use performance or
durability or so as to change their

intended use. The Humboldt Mfg.

Co. liability under the warranty
contained in this clause is limited
to therepair or replacement of
defective goods and making
good, defective workmanship.

Method of burning
crude oil in isolation
from the air
We have the process of
developing crude oil in small and
then we put it small then cover
the pot and put the pot in a small
bowl and put it kabartm great
cover..
Then Latina great vasa we put on
the stone disk where the stone
disk based on theloaderand us

igniting heat source beneath the

large law..

Where crude oil boiling seemed so

in isolation from the air, after the
end of the experiment we got
carbonate sediments

Where it was the result of the

result of the combustion of crude
oil.
After the end of the experiment
and after the cold device we wait

process and put it in the place

reserved for him..

The method of work in

the air
We have process of burning crude
oil in the atmosphere ,Using a
bowl and antdharnaeven at melt
burring process vhsalnaaly math
called gray ash tout neighboring
this article as a result of this
mater left behind by the crude oil
after burning process where the
section
of
this
materal,for
example ,blown kalgazat either
mod..

Composition The
Device

The
Sources
1-Wikipedia
2-Humboldt

3-American
Shipping

Bureau

of