EKT 430 Digital Signal Processing Tutorial 3_Chapter 3

CHAPT ER 3
LTI DISCRETE TIME SYSTEMS IN TRANSFORM DOMAIN
A LTI IIR system has system function:
H (z)

2 2 z 1
1 1.25 z 1

Plot the pole and zero in the z-plane and state if the system is stable or not.

1
0.8
0.6

Imaginary Part

0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
-1

-0.5

0
Real Part

0.5

1.5

Since pole location is outside the unit circle, therefore the system is unstable.
For the system function:
H ( z)

1 2 z 1 z 2
1 0.8 z 1 0.64 z 2

Write down the difference equation that relates the input x[n] to the output y[n]

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EKT 430 Digital Signal Processing Tutorial 3_Chapter 3

H ( z)
H ( z)

1 2 z 1 z 2
1 0.8 z 1 0.64 z 2
Y ( z)
1 2 z 1 z 2

X ( z ) 1 0.8 z 1 0.64 z 2

Y ( z ) 0.8 z 1Y ( z ) 0.64 z 2Y ( z ) X ( z ) 2 z 1 X ( z ) z 2 X ( z )
y[n] 0.8 y[n 1] 0.64 y[n 2] x[n] 2 x[n 1] x[n 2]
y[n] 0.8 y[n 1] 0.64 y[n 2] x[n] 2 x[n 1] x[n 2]
A linear time invariant system is described by the difference equation:

y[n] 2 x[n] 3x[n 1] 2 x[n 2]

a.

Find the frequency response, then express it as a mathematical formula in

polar form (magnitude and phase)
For FIR form, we can directly determine the frequency response coefficients from
the difference equation itself.
y[n] 2 x[n] 3x[n 1] 2 x[n 2]
H (e j ) 2 3e j 2e j 2
H (e j ) e j (2e j 3 2e j )
H (e j ) e j (3 4 cos( ))

b.

Plot the magnitude and phase by hand, do this by hand

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EKT 430 Digital Signal Processing Tutorial 3_Chapter 3

Magnitude Function

Magnitude

8
6
4
2
0
-4

-3

-2

-1
0
1
Frequency Points
Phase Function

-3

-2

-1
0
1
Frequency Points

Phase in Radian

4
2
0
-2
-4
-4

c.

When the input to the system is x[n]=sin(n/13), determine the output signal
and express it in the form y[n]=Acos(0n+).
y[n] H (e j ) x[n]

n
)) sin(
)
13
13 13
n
y[n] 0.88376 cos(
)
13 2 13

y[n] 0.88376 cos( (n 1) )

13
2
y[n] (3 4 cos(

An LTI filter is described by difference equation:

y[ n]

a)

1
1 3
( x[ n] x[n 1] x[ n 2] x[n 3]) x[ n k ]
4
4 k 0

What is the impulse response h[n] of this system?

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EKT 430 Digital Signal Processing Tutorial 3_Chapter 3

h[n] {0.25, 0.25, 0.25,0.25}

b)

Obtain an expression for the frequency response of this system

H (e j ) 0.25 0.25e j 0.25e j 2 0.25e j 3
H (e j ) e j 3 /2 {0.25e j 3 /2 0.25e j /2 0.25e j /2 0.25e j 3 /2 }
H (e j ) e j 3 /2 {0.5cos( / 2) 0.5cos(3 / 2)}
c) Sketch the frequency response(magnitude and phase) as a function of
frequency
Magnitude Function

Magnitude

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-4

-3

-2

-1
0
1
Frequency Points
Phase Function

-3

-2

-1
0
1
Frequency Points

Phase in Radian

2
1
0
-1
-2
-4

d)

Suppose that the input is:

x[n] 5 4 cos(0.2 n) 3cos(0.5 n / 4)

y[ n] A B cos(0 n 0 )

Obtain an expression for the output in the form

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EKT 430 Digital Signal Processing Tutorial 3_Chapter 3

y[n] H (e j ) x[n]
| H j 0 | 0.5cos(0) 0.5cos(0)
1
| H j 0.2 | 0.5cos(0.2 / 2) 0.5cos(0.6 / 2)
0.769421
| H j 0.5 | 0.5cos(0.5 / 2) 0.5cos(1.5 / 2)
0
y[n] 5 1 0.769421 4cos(0.2 n 0.3 ) 3 0 cos(0.5 n 0.75 / 4)
y[n] 5 3.07768cos(0.2 n 0.3 )
An LTI system is described by difference equation:
1
y[n] ( x[n] x[n 1] x[n 2])
3
a)

Determine the system function H(z) for this system

H ( z ) 1/ 3 1/ 3 z 1 1/ 3 z 2

b)

Plot the poles and zeros H(z) in the z-plane

1
0.8
0.6

Imaginary Part

0.4
0.2
2

0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
-1

c)

-0.5

0
Real Part

0.5

Form H(z), obtain and expression for H(ej), the frequency response of this
system
H (e j ) 1/ 3 1/ 3e j 1/ 3e j 2
H (e j ) e j {1/ 3e j 1/ 3 1/ 3e j }
H (e j ) e j {1/ 3 2 / 3cos( )}
d) Sketch the frequency response (magnitude and phase) as a function of

frequency for

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EKT 430 Digital Signal Processing Tutorial 3_Chapter 3

Magnitude Function

Magnitude

0.5

0
-4

-3

-2

-1
0
1
Frequency Points
Phase Function

-3

-2

-1
0
1
Frequency Points

Phase in Radian

2
1
0
-1
-2
-4

e)

What is the output if the input is:

x[n ] 4 cos[0.25 (n 1)] 3cos[(2 / 3) n]
y[ n] H (e j ) x[ n]
| H (e j 0 ) | 1/ 3 2 / 3cos(0)
1
| H (e j 0.25 ) | 1/ 3 2 / 3cos(0.25 )
0.8047378
| H (e j 2 /3 ) | 1/ 3 2 / 3cos(2 / 3)
0
y[ n] 1 4 0.8047378 1 cos(0.25 n 0.25 0.25 ) 0 3 cos(2 n / 3 2 / 3)
y[ n] 4 0.8047378cos(0.25 (n 1) 0.25 ) or
y[ n] 4 0.8047378cos(0.25 n 0.5 )
6) The diagram in the following figure depicts a cascade connection of two LTI
systems. The output of the first system is the input to the second system, and the
overall output is the output of the second system.
x[n]

LTI System 1
H1(z)

y1[n]

LTI System 2
H2(z)

y[n]

In this diagram, both systems are 4 point moving averagers.

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EKT 430 Digital Signal Processing Tutorial 3_Chapter 3

Determine the system function H(z) = H1(z).H2(z) for the overall system
H1 ( z ) 1/ 4 1/ 4 z 1 1/ 4 z 2 1/ 4 z 3
H 2 ( z ) 1/ 4 1/ 4 z 1 1/ 4 z 2 1/ 4 z 3
H ( z ) H1 ( z ).H 2 ( z )
H ( z ) (0.25 0.25 z 1 0.25 z 2 0.25 z 3 )(0.25 0.25 z 1 0.25 z 2 0.25 z 3 )
0.0625 0.0625 z 1 0.0625 z 2 0.0625 z 3 0.0625 z 1 0.0625 z 2
0.0625 z 3 0.0625 z 4 0.0625 z 2 0.0625 z 3 0.0625 z 4 0.0625 z 5
0.0625 z 3 0.0625 z 4 0.0625 z 5 0.0625z 6
0.0625 0.125 z 1 0.1875 z 2 0.25 z 3 0.1875 z 4 0.125 z 5 0.0625 z 6
b. Plot the poles and zeros of H(z) in the z-plane. Hint: The poles and zeros of
H(z) are the combined poles and zeros of H1(z) and H2(z)
2

1
0.8
0.6
0.4
Imaginary Part

a.

0.2
2

-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
2

-1
-1

-0.5

0
Real Part

0.5

c. From H(z), obtain an expression for the frequency response of the overall
cascade system
0.0625 0.125e j 0.1875e j 2 0.25e j 3 0.1875e j 4 0.125e j 5 0.0625e j 6
d. Determine the impulse response h[n] of the overall cascade system
0.0625 0.125 z 1 0.1875 z 2 0.25 z 3 0.1875 z 4 0.125 z 5 0.0625 z 6
h[n] {0.0625, 0.125, 0.1875, 0.25, 0.1875, 0.125, 0.0625}

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