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PAST SIMPLE
Con el pasado simple se usan con frecuencia estas expresiones de tiempo:
When - cuando
Yesterday ayer
The day before yesterday - anteayer
Last week / month / year / Monday la semana pasada / el mes pasado / el ao
pasado / el lunes pasado
Last night -anoche
Yesterday morning / afternoon / evening -ayer por la maana / tarde / noche
Three hours / days ago - hace tres horas / das
In 1999 en 1999
In January en enero
Last night anoche
PRESENT PERFECT
Structure (Estructura)
Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas)
Estructura Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to have") + participio pasado.
Negative Sentences (Frases negativas)
Estructura Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to have") + "not" + participio pasado.
Interrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas)
Estructura Verbo auxiliar ("to have") + sujeto + participio pasado...?
The auxiliary verb (have) is conjugated in the Present Simple: have, has
The main verb is invariable in past participle form: -ed (or irregular)
For negative sentences we insert not between the auxiliary verb and the main verb.
For question sentences, we exchange the subject and the auxiliary verb.
Contraction with Present Perfect
When we use the Present Perfect in speaking, we often contract the subject and
auxiliary verb. We also sometimes do this in informal writing.
I have
I've
You have
You've
He has
She has
It has
John has
The car has He's
She's
It's
We have
We've
They have They've
He's or he's??? Be careful! The 's contraction is used for the auxiliary verbs have
and be. For example, "It's eaten" can mean:
It has eaten. (Present Perfect tense, active voice)
It is eaten. (Present Simple tense, passive voice)
It is usually clear from the context.
ADVERBIOS DE TIEMPO
A menudo se utiliza el Presente Perfecto con determinados adverbios de tiempo
(adverbs of time o time adverbials, en ingls). Observa ahora cules suelen
utilizarse:
all my life (toda mi vida)
for two hours (durante dos horas)
since 1945 (desde 1945)
so far (hasta la fecha)
for over 40 years (durante ms de 40 aos)
already (ya)
just (recin)
yet (an)
lately (ltimamente)
recently (recientemente)
ever (alguna vez)
never (nunca)
TRES PUNTOS PARA TENER EN CUENTA
Es importante destacar estos tres puntos que el estudiante hispano-parlante suele
confundir o utilizar indebidamente:
AGO (hace), LAST WEEK (la semana pasada) y YESTERDAY (ayer) se
refieren a un momento especfico del pasado y se usan por lo tanto con el
tiempo Pasado Simple (no con Presente Perfecto).
2) NEXT WEEK (la semana prxima) es comnmente utilizado con un
tiempo Futuro.
3) NOW (ahora) es comnmente utilizado con los tiempos Presente Simple
o Presente Continuo o Progresivo.
El presente perfecto:
Play Have you eaten breakfast yet this morning? [*Significa: La maana an
no ha terminado.]
Play I have had three exams already this week. [*Significa: Como antes, el
uso del presente perfecto implica que esta semana an no ha terminado.]