IRIS Wireless Sensor Mote

Guided By:
Prof. Sachin Gajjar

What is Wireless Sensor Network??

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless network

consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices

using sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or
environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound,
vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants, at different
locations.
The WSN is built of "nodes" from a few to several
hundreds or even thousands, where each node is connected
to one (or sometimes several) sensors.

Applications Of WSN
Military applications such as battlefield
surveillance.
ii. Traffic Control
iii. Area Monitoring
iv. Industrial Monitoring
v. Landslide detection
vi. Air pollution monitoring
vii. Structural monitoring
viii. Greenhouse monitoring
ix. Agriculture
i.

Requirements for Wireless

Sensor Networks
Efficient utilization of energy and power
Small Footprint

Should support diversity in design and usage

More emphasis on Concurrent execution
Interleaving flows, events, energy management
Allow appropriate abstractions to emerge

Sensor Node
A sensor node, also known as a mote is a node in

a WSN that is capable of performing some processing,

gathering sensory information and communicating with
other connected nodes in the network.

WHAT IS IRIS??
The IRIS is a 2.4 GHz Mote used for enabling low-power wireless sensor

networks.
Available as a module (M2110) or board-level platform (XM2110), IRIS
provides users with high-level functional integration designed to
optimize the addition of wireless mesh networking technology to a
wide variety of custom sensing applications providing up to three times
improved radio range and twice the program memory over previous
generations of MICA Motes.

Features of IRIS Mote

I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.

Outdoor line-of-sight tests have yielded ranges as far as

500 meters between nodes without amplification.
250 kbps data rate
Resistant to RF interference and provides inherent data
security.
2.4 to 2.48 GHz, a globally compatible ISM band
Ultra low-power consumption with half the sleep
current of previous motes for longer battery life

MI B520 USB INTERFACE BOARD

Base Station for Wireless Sensor Networks
Any IRIS node can function as a base station when
mated to the MIB520CB USB interface board

In addition to data transfer, the it also provides a

USB programming interface.
51pin connector & Baud Rate: 57.6 K

Processor & Radio Platform (MPR2400CA)

The MPR2400 is based on the Atmel ATmega128L , a low-power controller
The 51-pin expansion connector supports Analog Inputs, Digital I/O & UART interfaces.

PROGRAMMING WSN MOTES

A separate operating system is used for
programming motes of WSN : TinyOS

Introduction to TinyOS
TinyOS began as a collaboration between University

of California, Berkeley and Intel Research.

It is a free open source operating system designed for
wireless sensor networks.
It is an embedded operating system written in NesC,a
dialect of C language.
It features a component based architecture.
TinyOS has several features: A simple event-based
concurrency model, and split-phase operations.

Why TinyOS ??
Problems with traditional OS
Multithreaded Architecture not useful
ii. Large Memory Footprint
iii. Does not help to conserve energy and power
iv. Command processing loop (wait request, act,
respond)
i.

Features Of TinyOS
Component based architecture which allows
frequent changes while still keeping the size
of code minimum.
ii. It is power efficient as it makes the sensors
sleep as soon as possible.
iii. Event based execution model means no user
boundary and hence supports high
concurrency.
i.

Hence TinyOS

About nesC
o nesC (network embedded system C) is a language

used to build applications in TinyOS.

o It is designed in such a way to exhibit the concepts
and execution model of TinyOS.

TOSSIM
TOSSIM is a discrete event simulator for TinyOS

sensor networks.
Instead of compiling a TinyOS application for a mote,
users can compile it into the TOSSIM framework,
which runs on a PC.
This allows users to debug , test and analyze
algorithms in a controlled and repeatable
environment.
As TOSSIM runs on a PC, users can examine their
TinyOS code using debuggers and other development
tools such as TinyViz.

Imperfections Of TOSSIM
Although TOSSIM captures TinyOS behaviour at a

very low level, it makes several simplifying

assumptions, e.g. Battery life, non-preemptive
interrupt.
While TOSSIM can be used to understand the causes
of behaviour observed in the real world, it does not
capture all of them , and should not be used for
absolute evaluations.
This means that it is very possible that code which
runs in a simulation might not run on a real mote.

References
http://www.tinyos.net
http://en.wikipedia.org
http://www.memsic.com/products/wireless-sensor-

networks/wireless-modules.html