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Relationships between sites and between proposed facilities at a given site are represented in a
network schematic.
Simple example (one site):
Original
River
*
T
Tributary flow s +1,t
(measured)
Proposed Plan
River
Upstream flow
(measured)
Upstream flow
(measured)
*
Fs,
t
Import Is,t
*
Fs,
t
Inflow Qs,t
Evap
es,tSs,t
Site location
(s)
Release Ds,t
Tributary flow
Ts+1, t
Hydropower
Ps,t
Import Is+1,t
Downstream flow
(measured)
Fs*+1, t
Downstream flow
(measured)
Fs*+1,t
Primary decision variables considered (defined for each site and/or time, in compatible units)
Land Ls,t
Maximize
Project designs
Bsf,t Osf,t d (r , T ) K sf
r (1 + r )T
(1 + r )T 1
Export :
~ E C exp
s,t
s
~ E s , t C sexp
exp
Bs,t =
land
~ L s , t C s
~ L C land
s,t
s
res
integer variable y s =
,t
hydro
C shydro, max y shydro
Ps , t C s
Reservoir hydropower
Low-head hydropower
res
res
res
K sres = sres
, fixed y s + s ,var C s
Capacity Constraints
Reservoir storage:
S s, t C sres
C sres C sres,max y sres
Flows in channels from/to reservoir or river:
E s, t C sexp
[volume]
I s, t C simp
C simp C simp,max y sres or C simp C simp,max y sexp
Land irrigated from reservoir or river diversions
Ls, t C sland
Hydropower
Ps , t tC shydro
[volume/season]
[volume/season]
[energy]
Flow constraints
Flows in each of the 3 seasons assumed to repeat every year
Q s , t = Fs*, t + I s , t
Reservoir inflow
Ts*+ 1, t = I s , t + Ts +1, t
Tributary Import
Cyclical storage
Hydropower Constraints
Energy produced depends on release (reservoir) or stream flow (low head) and head:
Ps , t = s D s , t H s , t ( S s , t ) , s = efficiency [unitless]
Head-storage function H s , t ( S s , t ) is an input derived from topography.
Results of Rio Colorado Study
Screening model produces following results:
1. Configuration of plan (facilities built with their capacities):
y sres , C sres ,
y sexp , C sexp
y shydro , C shydro
E s , t Ls, t Ps , t H s , t ( S s , t )
3. Benefits and costs for each facility and for overall plan:
The base run, which maximizes national income, produced following plan:
Reservoirs constructed:
3 of 3 reservoirs in the upper (Mendoza) portion of basin
0 of 2 reservoirs in central portion
1 of 3 reservoirs (Case de Piedra) in lower portion
Irrigation areas constructed:
10 of 17 possible areas built in all 3 portions of the basin
Hydropower plants constructed:
2 of 13 possible plants constructed in upper portion, on diversion aqueducts
The following figures were taken from Major, David C, and R.L. Lenton. Applied Water
Resource Systems Planning. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1979. ISBN: 0130433640.
Map of Rio Colorado Basin
Altitude Profile Along Rio Colorado River
Facilities in Rio Colorado Lower Basin
Schematic of Proposed Rio Colorado Basin Plan
Reservoir Cost-Capacity Curves
Reservoir Volume-Depth Curves
Reservoir Area-Depth Curves
Figures removed due to copyright restrictions.