A.

RELATIVE CLAUSES
I. Menh e tnh t hay menh e quan he c at sau danh t no
phu ngha, c noi bang cac ai t quan he: WHO, WHOM, WHICH,
THAT, WHOSE, va trang t quan he: WHERE, WHY, WHEN.
1. WHO: thay the cho ngi, lam chu t trong MQH.
Ex: - I need to meet the boy. The boy is my friends son.
I need to meet the boy who is my friends son.
- The woman is standing over there. She is my sister.
The woman who is standing over there is my sister.
2. WHOM: thay the cho ngi, lam tuc t trong MQH.
Ex:- I know the girl. I spoke to this girl.
I know the girl whom I spoke to.
- The man is my teacher. Your father is talking to him.
The man whom your father is talking to is my teacher.
3. WHICH: thay the cho vat, o vat; lam chu t, tuc t trong
MQH.
Ex: - She works for a company. It makes cars
She works for a company which makes cars.
- The elephants are big. People keep the elephants in iron cages.
The elephants which people keep in iron cages are big.
4. THAT: thay the cho ngi, vat; lam chu t, tuc t trong MQH.
Ex: - I need to meet the boy that is my friends son.
- The woman that is standing over there is my sister.
- I know the girl that I spoke to.
- The man that your father is talking to is my teacher.
- She works for a company that makes cars.
- The elephants that people keep in iron cages are big.
5. WHOSE (OF WHICH): thay the cho s hu cua ngi, vat (his, her,
its, their).
Ex: - John found the cat. Its leg was broken.
John found the cat whose leg/(the leg of which) was broken.
- This is the student. I borrowed his book.
This is the student whose book I borrowed.
6. WHERE: thay the cho cum t ch ni chon: there, at that place.
Ex: - The movie theater is the place. We can see films at that place.
The movie theater is the place where we can see films.
7. WHY: thay the cho cum trang t ch l do: for that reason.
Ex: - Tell me the reason. You are so sad for that reason.
Tell me the reason why you are so sad.
8. WHEN: thay the cho cum t ch thi gian: then, at that time, on that
day.
Ex: - Do you remember the day. We first met on that day.
Do you remember the day when we first met?
DANH T
CHU T
TUC T
S HU
Ngi
WHO/THAT
WHO(M)/THAT
WHOSE

Vat/.vat
WHICH/THAT
WHICH/THAT
WHOSE/OF WHICH
Ni chon
WHERE
Ly do
WHY
Thi gian
WHEN
II. Gii t at trc menh e tnh t: (WHOM/WHICH)
Ex: - The man speaks English very fast. I talked to him last night.
The man to whom I talked last night speaks English very fast.
- The house is for sale. I was born in it.
The house in which I was born is for sale.
* LU Y: KHONG dung THAT sau gii t.
The house in that I was born is for sale.
III. OF WHICH / OF WHOM:
Ex: - Daisy has three brothers. All of them are teachers.
Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers.
- He asked me a lot of questions. I couldnt answer most of them.
He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldnt answer.
B. RESTRICTIVE & NON-RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES
I. Restrictive Relative Clauses
Dung e bo ngha cho danh t ng trc cha c xac nh
ro. Neu bo i menh e chnh se khong ro ngha.
Ex: - I saw the girl. She helped us last week.
I saw the girl who/that helped us last week.
II. Non-restritive Relative Clauses
Dung e bo ngha cho danh t ng trc a c xac nh
ro, la phan giai thch them. Neu bo i menh e chnh van ro
ngha. Menh e nay thng c tach khoi menh e chnh bang
dau phay ,.
Ta dung menh e quan he khong han nh khi:
- Trc danh t quan he co: this/that/these/those/my/her/his/
- T quan he la ten rieng hoac danh t rieng.
Ex: - My father is a doctor. He is fifty years old.
My father, who is fifty years old, is a doctor.
- Mr Brown is a very nice teacher. We studied English with him.
Mr Brown, who we studied English with, is a very nice teacher.
* LU Y: KHONG dung THAT trong MQH khong han nh.
Mr Brown, that we studied English with, is a very nice teacher.
III. Relative Pronoun THAT
* Nhng trng hp thng dung THAT:
a. Sau cum t quan he va ch ngi va vat:
Ex: He told me the places and people that he had seen in London.
b. Sau ai t bat nh: something, aynyone, nobody,.
Ex: Ill tell you something that is very interesting.
c. Sau cac tnh t so sanh nhat, ALL, EVERY, VERY, ONLY:
Ex: - This is the most beautiful dress that I have.
- All that is mine is yours.

- You are the only person that can help us.

d. Trong cau truc It + be + + that (chnh la )
Ex: It is my friend that wrote this sentence.
(Chnh la ban toi a viet cau nay.)
* Nhng trng hp khong dung THAT:
- Trong menh e tnh t khong han nh (xem LU Y muc II)
- Sau gii t (xem LU Y Lesson 5 muc II)
RT GN MNH QUAN H (REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSE)
M nh quan h co th c rut gon bng cum phn t (hi n tai / qua kh) (participle
phrase), cum ng t nguyn mu (infinitive phrase) ho c cum danh t (noun phrase).
Ch rt gn c khi i t quan h lm ch t cn nu lm tn ng th khng c rt
gn.
CM PHN T
a. Nu ng t trong mnh quan h ch ng (active), ta dng present participle
phrase thay cho mnh (b i t quan h v tr ng t, a ng t chnh v
nguyn mu ri thm ui ING).
The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle.
The man sitting next to you is my uncle.
Do you know the boy who broke the windows last night ?
Do you know the boy breaking the windows last night ?
- ng t trong m nh quan h din ta m t hanh ng ang din ra
:
The woman who is talking to my mother is from Korea.
The woman talking to my mother is from Korea.
- ng t trong m nh quan h din ta m t hanh ng ho c s vi c co tinh thng xuyn,
lu dai:
The road which joins the two villages is very narrow.
The road joining the two villages is very narrow.
Students who attended this school had to wear uniform.
Students attending this school had to wear uniform.
- ng t trong m nh quan h la cac ng t nh:hope, desire, want, wish (din ta s
mong c) ho c know, think, believe, expect (din at s suy nghi, t duy).
Anyone who wants to come with us is welcome.
Anyone wanting to come with us is welcome.
Bill, who though to make an impression on Ann, took her to an expensive hotel.
Bill, thinking to make an impression on Ann, took her to an expensive hotel.
b. Nu ng t trong mnh quan h b ng (passive) ta dng past participle phrase
(b i t quan h v tr ng t, bt u cm t bng V3).
The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting.
The books written by To Hoai are interesting.
The students who were punished by teacher are lazy.
The students punished by teacher are lazy.

The house which is being built now belongs to Mr. Brown.

The house being built now belongs to Mr. Brown.
Most of the people who was invited to the reception were old friends.
Most of the people invited to the reception were old friends.
c. Mnh quan h c th c rt gn bng to-infinitive hoc infinitive phrase (c dng
for +O+ to-inf), chng ta s dng dng ny trong nhng trng hp sau: vi cc t the
first, the second, ....the last, so snh nht (superlative), mc ch (purpose), s cho phep
(permission) .
Tom is the last person who enters the room.
Tom is the last person to enter the room.
John is the youngest person who takes part in the race.
John is the youngest person to take part in the race.
English is an important language which we have to master.
English is an important language to master.
Here is the form that for you must to fill in.
Here is the form for you to fill in.