APPENDIX

COMPOSITION OF GENERAL SOURCES

general current density distribution t(x,y,z,l) be represented by a four fold

Fourier integral such that a component may be written

LET A

J gl(kz)eikzz dk z J
00

tz(x,y,z,t)

00

g2(ky)ejk,y

u;

J
00

J g4(WW
00

ga(k.)eik,. dk.

WI

dw

(E.l)

This may also be expressed as

JJJJ
00

tx(x,y,z,t)

00

gz(kz,ky,k.,w)

u; dk y dk. dw ej(wt+kzxH.y+k,.)

(E.2)

in which gx = glg2g3g4. Proceeding in this manner for all three components, one is able
to represent the current density in the form

t(x,Y,z,t) =

J J J J g(lcx,ky,k.,w) .u; .u; .u; dw eiewt+kzx+k."+k,z)

-00

-00

-00

(E.3)

-00

with g = lxgx + l yg y
l zg z.
Similarly, a general charge density distribution p(x,Y,z,t) may be represented by

p(x,y,z,t) =

JJJJ

-00

-00

-00

f(kz,ky,k.,w) dk x .u, dk. dw ejCwt+kzx+k.y+k,z)

(E.4)

-00

The integrands of (E.3) and (E.4) are connected by the continuity equation, V t = - p,
which gives
1
(E.5)
f = - - (k g)
w

wherein k = lxk x + l yk y
lzk z.
If the fictitious charge and current densities in the interval (dk,dw) are treated as an
independent entity which satisfies the flow equation t = pv, then the velocity of these
fictitious charges is

wg
k g

v(k w) = - = - -

(E.6)

This velocity is independent of x, y, Z, and t and is therefore a common velocity shared

by all the charges which give rise to the (k,w) current and charge waves. In a coordinate

APPENDIX I~~

Composition. of General SOllTCeS

531

system traveling at the velocity v with respect to XYZ, these charges are at rest. As
k and ware permitted to range over their complete spectra of values, (E.6) indicates
that all values of v will be encountered in the interval 0 ~ v < 00. One 111ay conclude
from this that arbitrary static charge distributions in all Lorentzian frames 111ay be
combined to give the most general time-varying spatial distributions of current and
charge density in a particular Lorentzian frame.
Because the range of v is unrestricted, some of these fictitious charge distri butions
are traveling through XYZ at speeds greater than light. This requires use of the
Lorentz transformation equations when v > c. Even though the transformation is then
nonphysical, this is mathematically admissible in the sense that all physical laws
formally transform properly under a Lorentz transformation regardless of the value of
vic; it should also be recalled that the charge densities in the interval (dk,dw) are
fictitious. No intimation is intended that the real time-varying charges, which are the
sum of these fictitious static charge densities, are traveling at speeds in excess of c.
As a corollary of the above result, a steady current distribution t'(x',Y',z') in X'Y'Z'
may be decomposed into static charge distributions in all other Lorentzian frames.
For this reason the most general sources t(x,Y,z,t) and p(x,y,z,t) in XYZ may also be
built up from static charge distributions p'(x',y',z') plus static current distributions
,'(x',y',z') in all other Lorentzian coordinate systems X'Y'Z'.