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    This document provides a summary of King Henry VI's life and character in 3 sentences or less by John Blakman, a theologian and former Carthusian monk. It was originally published in London in 1510 by Robert Coplande and reprinted by Thomas Hearne in 1732. The summary focuses on Henry's pious nature, compassion for the afflicted, and the miracles attributed to him after his death, which were part of the process to have him canonized as a saint.

    Originalbeschreibung:

    With notes by M.R. James

    Originaltitel

    Henry the Sixth

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    This document provides a summary of King Henry VI's life and character in 3 sentences or less by John Blakman, a theologian and former Carthusian monk. It was originally published in London in 1510 by Robert Coplande and reprinted by Thomas Hearne in 1732. The summary focuses on Henry's pious nature, compassion for the afflicted, and the miracles attributed to him after his death, which were part of the process to have him canonized as a saint.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    43 Ansichten84 Seiten

    Henry The Sixth

    Hochgeladen von

    Cthulhu
    This document provides a summary of King Henry VI's life and character in 3 sentences or less by John Blakman, a theologian and former Carthusian monk. It was originally published in London in 1510 by Robert Coplande and reprinted by Thomas Hearne in 1732. The summary focuses on Henry's pious nature, compassion for the afflicted, and the miracles attributed to him after his death, which were part of the process to have him canonized as a saint.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Als PDF, TXT herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    von 84

    o

    co no
    CTi Crt

    Library
    of the

    University of Toronto

    HENRY

    THE

    SIXTH

    CAMBRIDGE

    UNIVERSITY

    C. F. CLAY,
    LONDON

    : FETTER

    PRESS

    MANAGER
    LANE,

    B.C. 4

    NEWYORK
    : G. P. PUTNAM'S
    SONS
    BOMBAY
    )
    CALCUTTA( MACMILLAN AND CO.,LTD.
    MADRAS
    i
    TORONTO : J. M. DENT AND SONS, LTD.
    TOKYO :MARUZEN-KABUSHIKI-KAISHA
    ALL RIGHTSRESERVED

    Henry the Sixth


    A

    JOHN

    REPRINT

    OF

    BLACMAN'S
    WITH

    MEMOIR

    TRANSLATION
    AND

    NOTES
    BY

    M. R. JAMES, LITT.D., F.B.A., F.S.A.


    PROVOST

    OF ETON

    FORMERLY PROVOSTOF KING'S'COLLEGE

    CAMBRIDGE
    AT

    THE

    UNIVERSITY
    1919

    PRESS

    <
    . 2-

    CONTENTS

    PREFACE

    PACE vii

    TEXT

    . i

    TRANSLATION

    23

    NOTES

    45

    SPECIAL
    I.

    NOTES
    PRAYER

    TO

    HENRY

    VI

    IN

    ENGLISH

    VERSE
    II.

    ON

    THE

    .50
    MANUSCRIPT

    MIRACLES

    OF HENRY

    VI.
    III.

    ON JOHN BLACMAN'S

    BOOKS

    " "

    51

    "

    55

    PREFACE

    THE
    onthe
    Personality
    Henry
    VI
    (asI tract
    mayperhaps
    beallowedof
    to King
    call it),
    which
    is
    herereprinted,hashitherto beenalmostinaccessible
    to ordinary students. It is not known to exist at all
    in manuscript. We depend ultimately for our know-

    ledgeof it upon a printed edition issuedby Robert


    Coplandeof London,of whichthe dateis saidto be
    1510. Of this there may be two copiesin existence. This text was reprinted by Thomas Hearne
    in 1732, in his edition of the Chronicles of Thomas

    Otterbourneand JohnWhethamstede,
    of which 150
    copieswereissued.
    I have here reprinted Hearne's text, and have
    collated it with Coplande's. This I was enabled to

    do through the great kindnessof the authoritiesof


    St Cuthbert'sCollegeat Ushaw,who most generouslylent me a copyof the tract preservedin their
    Library. This copy I will endeavourto describe.
    It is in a modernbindinglettered: HyltonsLives
    of British Saints.BlackmansLife of HenryVI. The
    XVIII

    pressmarkis

    4
    7

    The size is i8jx 130 mm. There are 32 lines


    to a full page.

    viii

    PREFACE
    Collation: A6 B4.

    Signatures:
    A i (2 not signed): A in (4-6 not
    signed).
    B i (2 not signed):Bui (4 not signed).
    Ab i a hasthe title at top:
    C. Collectarium Mansuetudinum

    et bono-

    rum morum regis Henrici .VI. ex collectioe magistri Joannis blak


    man

    bacchalaurei

    theo

    logic/ et postCar
    tusie monachi
    Londini.

    Below this is a woodcut measuring 99 x 76, and


    representing a bearded king in hat with crown about

    it, cladin erminetippet,and dalmaticover long robe.


    He holdsa closedbook in his R. hand,a sceptrein
    his L.: on the L. wrist is a maniple. His headis
    turned towards R. On R. a tree, plants across the

    foreground: a mound on L. with two trees seen


    over

    it.

    I feel confident

    that the woodcut

    is not intended

    for a portrait of Henry VI, and that it really represents some Old Testament personage: but I have
    not attempted to trace it in other books.
    It has a border in three pieces. Those on R. and
    L. are 115 mm. in height and contain small figures

    of prophetsstandingon tall shafts: that at bottom


    was designedto be placedvertically,and contains
    a half-lengthfigure of a prophet springing out of

    foliage,andwith foliageabove.

    PREFACE

    ix

    On A i b the woodcutis repeatedwithout the


    border

    Then follows the text as given by me. After


    it, on B iv , is RobertCoplande's
    device,measuring
    80 x 95 ; a wreath of rosesand leaves,comprised
    within two concentriccircles: within it the printer's
    mark.

    Outsidein the upperL. cornera roseslippedand


    leaved: in the upper R. corner, a pomegranate.
    Below, a scroll inscribed: Robert (rose]Coplande.
    On B iv b the woodcut of the king, without border.
    Below it, in a neat hand :

    R. Johnson, prec. id.


    For the rest, the volume contains :

    Capgrave'sNew Legende,beginning imper-

    fectlyin the Table


    De S. Esterwino

    abbate.

    fo. xxxviii.

    This is preceded
    by two insertedleavesof paper:
    on the first arethe missingitems of the Table, supplied in a roughhandof cent.xvi. Onthe second,
    in
    a hand of cent, xvin, is :

    Printed at London by Richard Pynson


    Printer to the Kings Noble Gracethe 2Oth
    dayof February1516. Vid. Page133.
    Newcastleupon Tyne.
    This book was found

    in the Town

    Clerk's

    Officeaboutthe latter end(of) the year 1765.


    (?) A P G.

    PREFACE

    At the end of the Table (beforeA i) is written


    in a hand of cent, xvi:

    The abbridgementof henry the syxthes


    lyfe ys fastnedto the endeof this booke.
    At top of A i (cent,xvi) is: T. T. Collectedby
    Caxton.

    On A vni b\ B ii a is-the name(cent,xvi):


    AlexanderRidley of ye bromhills.
    He haswritten a good manymarginalnotesin
    the

    book.

    Collation:

    Table

    2 ff.

    A8 B1 C8 D4 E8 F4 G8 H*

    P K4 L8 (i-iii signed)M4 N8(as L) O4(i-iii signed)


    P8 (as L) Q4 R8 (as L) S4 (i-iii signed: ii, iii both
    numbered i) T8 (+ i : 4 leavescix-cxn on the 11000

    Virgins insertedafter cvn* insteadof aftercvm) U6


    (6 blank unnumbered)X8 (Life of S. Byrgette)Y6.
    Followedby tract of Walter Hylton: ' to a deuoute man in temperall estatehowe he shulde rule
    hym' etc. A8 B8(leavesnot numbered).
    On cxix b is Pynson's device: no date.

    On cxxxni a (Life of S. Byrgette) the date


    M.CCCCCXVI.
    xx Feb. On the verso Pynson's device
    with break in lower border.

    At the end of Hylton's tract B vin a the date


    MCCCCCXVI
    last dayeof Feb.
    On the versoPynson'sdevicewith breakin lower
    border.

    Hearne's preface to Otterbourne(i, p. xliv) con-

    tains someinterestingmatter bearingon the tract,


    which I summarize

    here.

    PREFACE

    xi

    No one,hesays,exceptJohnBlakmanhasyet
    writtena speciallife of Henry VI, andBlakman's
    is not an opus absolutumbut a " fragmentum

    duntaxatoperislongemajorisalicubiforte nunc
    etiam latentis."

    Vita haeccequaliscunquein tucemprodiit


    Londini A.D. M.D.X. a Roberto Coplandio...excusus. Eiusdem exemplaria adeo rara sunt ut
    vix reperiasin bibliothecis etiam instructissimis.
    Penes

    se autem

    habet

    amicus

    excultissimus

    JacobusWestus,qui pro necessitudine


    ilia quae
    inter nos intercedit, non tantum mutuo dedit, sed

    et licentiamconcessit
    exscribendi.Id quodfeci.
    West had acquired his copy by purchase,among

    a numberof printed booksformerlythe propertyof


    ArchbishopSancroft.
    On p. xlix Hearne tells us that Sancroft had

    written the followingnote in hiscopyof the tract:


    Hunc

    libellum

    conscribendum

    curavit

    Hen-

    ricusVIIUS,cumJulio papaII agensdeHenrico


    VI in Sanctorumnumerumreferendo. De quo
    vide Jac. Waraei annalesH. 7. A 1504.
    Ware (and Hearne) print the Bull of Julius, directing an inquiry into Henry's sanctity and miracles.

    1 may add that somepart of the results of this


    negotiationmaybe seenih the manuscriptcollection
    of Henry Vlth's miraclespreservedin the Royal
    MS. ij.-c. vin and in the MS. Harley 423 (a partial
    copy of the other), both in the British Museum.1

    FurthermoreHearne reprints what is properly


    calleda Memoriaof King Henry VI suchasis to be
    1 See a special Note on these.

    xii

    PREFACE

    foundin afairlylargenumberof Booksof Hoursor


    Primersboth manuscriptand printed. Hearne'stext
    is taken from Horaeprinted by Wynkyn de Worde
    1510, f. cli a, and is as follows.
    A prayer to holy kyngeHenry.

    Rex Henricussis amicusnobisin angustia


    Cuius prece nos a nece saluemur perpetua

    Lampasmorumspesegrorumferensmedicamina
    Sis tuorum

    famulorum

    ductor

    ad celestia.

    Pax in terra non sit guerra orbis per confinia


    Virtus crescatet feruescatcharitasper omnia
    Non

    sudore uel dolore moriamur

    subito

    Sedviuamus et plaudamuscelis sine termino.


    Ver. Ora pro nobis deuote rex Henrice.
    Resp. Ut per te cuncti superati sint inimici.
    Oremus. Presta, quesumus,omnipotens et
    misericors deus, ut -qui deuotissimi regis Hen-

    rici merita miraculisfulgentiapie mentisaffectu


    recolimus in terns, eius et omnium sanctorum

    tuorum intercessionibus
    ab omni per te febre,
    morbo,ac improuisamorte ceterisqueeruamur
    malis, et gaudia sempiterna adipisci mereamur.
    Per Christum

    dominum

    nostrum.

    Amen.

    Here is another form, which occurs in the Fitzwilliam MS. 55 (a Norfolk book of about 1480) :
    Antiphon. Rex Henricus pauper(um ?) et
    ecclesiedefensorad misericordiamsemperpronus
    in caritate feruidus pietati deditus clerum deco-

    rauit, querndeussicbeatificauit.
    Vers. Ora pro nobis deuote Henrice.

    Resp.Ut digni efficiamurpromissionibus


    Christi.

    PREFACE

    xiii

    Oremus. Deus sub cuius ineffabili maiestate

    vniuersi regesregnantet imperant,qui deuotissimumHenricum Anglorum regemcaritate


    feruidum,miseriset afflictissempercompassum,
    omnibonitateclemenciaque
    conspicuiim,ut pio
    (pie) creditur inter angelosconnumerare
    dignatus es: concedepropiciusut eo cum omnibus
    sanctis interuenientibus

    hostium

    nostrorum

    su-

    perbiaconteratur,morbuset quod malum est


    procul pellatur, palmadonetur et gratia sancti
    spiritus nobis misericordiamtuam poscentibus
    ubique adessedignetur. Qui uiuis, etc.
    Yet another form is seenin a manuscript(V. in. 7)

    in BishopCosin'sLibrary at Durham,of cent,xv late:


    it is written, with a good many other miscellaneous
    verses,at the end of the book.
    O rex Henrice vincas virtute pudice
    Anglorum vere cum recto nomine sexte

    [Es] wynsorienatuset ibi de fonte leuatus


    Atque coronatusin Westm(ynster) veneratus
    Et post ffrancorum rex es de iure creatus
    Post mortem carnis miracula plurima pandis

    Confirmantedeoqui te preelegitab euo


    Et tibi concessitplures sanareper ilium
    Cecos et claudos cum debilitate

    retentos

    Atque paraliticosegrotosspasmaticosque
    In neruis plures contracti te mediante
    In te sperantessananturet auxiliantur

    Et laudesdominoper te sempertribuantur.
    Ora pro nobisdei electerex Anglic Henricesexte.
    Ut digni, etc.

    xiv

    PREFACE

    Oremus. Omnipotenseterne deus qui


    electis tuis multa mirabilia operaris: concede
    quaesumus
    ut electitui AnglorumregisHenrici
    sextimeritis et precibusmediantibuset intercedentibusmereamurabomnibusangustiisanime
    et doloribus membrorum liberemur(-ari). Et

    cumillo in vita perpetuagloriari. Per, etc.


    Thesethreeforms of Memoriaeareprobablynot
    all that exist; but they will sufficeas representative
    specimens
    of the populardevotionsusedin honour
    of our Founder.

    Besidesthe Memoria Hearne gives two prayers,

    attributedto the King himself,and largelyidentical


    in languagewith that which is prefixed to Blakman's

    tract. He takesthem from the sameprintedHomeof


    1510 whencethe Memoriacomes. They are on p. Iv a
    and

    run

    thus:

    'TwolytellprayerswhicheKing Henry thesyxtemade. '


    Domine Ihesu Christe, qui me creasti,
    redemisti, et preordinasti ad hoc quod sum: tu

    scisquidde me facerevis: facde me secundum


    voluntatem

    tuam cum misericordia.

    Domine Ihesu Christe,qui solus essapientia:


    tu scis que michi peccatori expediunt: prout
    tibi placere' et sicut in oculis tue maiestatis
    videtur, de me ita fiat cum misericordia tua.
    Amen.

    Pater noster.

    Aue Maria.

    1 Read placet, as in a vellum-printed Paris Horae of 1572(?), reported


    to Heame by a friend.
    Mr Cosmo Gordon of King's College tells me that these prayers also
    occur in W. de Worde's Primer of 1494 (sig. F 8 b). In this edition the

    PREFACE

    xv

    Of JohnBlacmanor Blakman,the authorof our


    tract, not a great dealis known. He was admitted
    Fellowof Merton College,Oxford, in 1436,and of
    Eton in 1447: he wasCantorof Eton College,and,
    as we read in the title of his book, a bachelor of

    Divinity, and later a Carthusianmonk. But before


    he ' enteredreligion' he held an importantpost in
    University circles, for, in 1452, on the death of
    Nicholas Close, he wasappointed by the Provosts of
    Eton and King's (who at that time owned this piece

    of patronage)Wardenof King's Hall at Cambridge,


    that royal foundation which waseventually absorbed
    into Trinity College. As Warden (I quote from
    Mr W. W. Rouse Ball's privately printed account

    of King's Hall) he introduced into the College


    "

    some schemeof reorganization, which involved a

    division of the Society into four classes,fellows,


    scholars, commoners, and servi-commoners The
    scheme,whatever it was, was abandoned on Blac-

    man'sresignation" which took effect on 11 July


    1.457. Blacman then entered the Carthusian house

    of Witham in Somerset,and subsequentlythat of


    London, where he probably died. When, and for

    how long, he held the post of spiritual directoror


    confessorto Henry VI, I have no evidenceto show.

    Of one thing abouthim, namely,his literarypos-

    sessions,
    we knowmore. The Bodleianmanuscript
    Laud. Misc. 154 containstwo lists, one short, and
    wordsread"prout tibi placeret,"but a copyat Lambethin whichthepage
    has been reset, has "prout tibi placet." The prayers also occur in some
    Sarum florae printed in France, e.g. Jean Jehannot's of 1498, of which
    there is a copy in the Sandarscollection in the University Library.

    xvi

    .PREFACE

    onelongandelaborate,
    of booksgivenbyhim to the
    Witham Charterhouse.

    Several of these exist in the

    Bodleianand otherlibraries,andone,a notablecopy


    of the Polychronicon,which containsthe earliest
    knownpictureof WindsorCastle(andof Eton), very
    probablydrawn by Blacmanhimself, hasin recent
    yearsbeenacquiredby the library of Eton College.
    The full list of Blacman'sbooksis givenin a separate
    note.

    In reprinting Hearne'stext I haveretainedhis


    spelling,whichdoesnot correspondcompletelywith
    thatof Coplande's
    print. Hearnegivesceforethroughout, and expandscontractionswithout notice. Had I

    had accessto the original tract beforeHearne'stext


    wasput into type, I should have retainedthe medieval
    spelling; but I did not think it worth while to make
    the changeaprh coup. The actual words of the text

    representBlacmanas faithfully as possible;and that


    is the chief matter.

    I neednot, I think, saymuch by way of commending this little memorial.of our Founder to the

    pietasof the many who have owed and still owe


    to his bounty suchpleasantand peacefulyears,and
    such opportunitiesfor the gaining of knowledge
    and the formingof friendships,as he himselfnever
    enjoyed. The evils which his weak rule brought
    upon England havefaded out of being: the good
    whichin his boyhoodhe devisedfor cominggenerations lives afterhim. Proeoquodlaborauitanimaeius,
    uidebit et satur,abitur.

    M. R.J.

    COLLECTARIUM
    MANSUETUDINUM
    ET

    BONORUM

    MORUM

    REGIS

    HENRICI
    EX

    VI.

    COLLECTIONE

    Magiftri JOANNIS BLAKMAN bacchalaurei


    theologian,et poft CartufiasmonachiLondini.

    *Oratio ejusdevota.

    DOMINE
    Chrifte,
    creafti,
    redemifti,Jefu
    et ad'id
    quod qui
    fum me
    prasdeftinafti, tu fcis, quid de me fafturus fis, fac de me
    fecundum

    tuam mifericordiffimam

    voluntatem.

    Nam fcio et veraciter confiteor, quod in tua


    manu cunfta funt pofita, et non eft qui poffit
    tibi reliftere: quia Dominusuniverforumtu es.
    Ergo Deus omnipotens, mifericors & clemens,

    in poteftatecujusfunt regnaomniaatquedominationes, et cui omnes cogitationes, verba et

    operanoftraprseterita,praefentia
    et futura continue funt cognita et aperta, qui folus habes
    fcientiam & fapientiam incomprehenfibilem.

    Tu fcis, Domine,quaemichi mifero peccatori


    expediunt: prout tibi placet, et in oculis tua?
    divinasmajeftatisvidetur de me fieri, ita de me
    fiat. Sufcipe,paterclemenset mifericorsDeus
    omnipotens,precesmei indigniffimi fervi tui:
    et perveniantad auresmifericordiagtuasorationes, quas offero coram te et omnibus fanftis
    tuis.

    Amen.
    * Ana.

    PRO-

    PROHEMIUM.
    'CRIPTUM

    eft, quodneminem

    laudabimusantemortemfuam,fed

    | in fineerit denudatiooperumejus,
    unde,ceffantejam omni impedimentoveraelaudis, Quia coeligloriam Dei omnipotentis enarrant,

    ' &omniaquaefecitDorninusipfum
    in fadlura fua laudant, idcirco in laudem Dei & fere-

    niflimi principisregis Henrici. VI. corporejam defuncti, quernlicet minimeperituslaudareanticipavi,


    aliquatractarenecefTarium
    duxi. Maximequiafandlos
    Dei laudare,quorumin cathologoiftum puto regem
    eximium,ob fandtafua merita quoadvixit per eum
    exercitata,merito computari, omnipotentis Dei laus

    eft & gloria, ex cujuscoeleftidonoeft, ut fancti fint.


    De praenobili
    ejus profapia,quomodofcilicetex nobiliffimofanguine& * ftirpe regiaantiquaAngliaefecundum carnemprogenituserat,et qualiterin duabusregionibus,Anglisef. & Franciae,
    ut verusutriufqueregni herescoronatusfuerat, tacerecuravi,qua/I mantfeftum & notum. Maximeproptercafumejusinfauftiffimum, qui eideminopinatepofteaevenit.
    * A ii b.

    y_

    4]

    J. BLAKMAN DE VIRTUTIBUS

    Virtutum ejuscommendatio,
    jE R U M ut devirtutibusnon paucisiftius
    regis,quibusDeusomnipotens
    animamejus
    infignivit, aliquid edicam,*& pro modulo
    meo Deo propicio prout noverim, & ex re-

    latu fidedignorum,quondamei affiftencium,didicerim, propalabo. Fuerat enim, quafi alter Job, vir fimplex, & rectus, Dominum Deum omnino timens, & a

    malorecedens.Erat autemvir fimplex,fineomniplica dolofitatis aut falfitatis, ut omnibus conftat.

    Nulli

    enimdolofeegerat:aut falfumaliquodcuiquamproferre folebat: fed veridicaTemper


    exercuerat
    eloquia.
    Fuerat& rectuset juftus, per lineamjufticiaeTemper
    in actis fuis procedens. Nulli vero injuriam facere
    voluit fcienter. Deo & omnipotentiquod fuum erat
    fideliffime tribuerat. quia decimas& oblationes,Deo

    et ecclefiae
    debitas,ampliffimeperfolvereftuduit. fimul cum religiofiffimocultu etiam hoc peregit,ita
    quod ipfe & regalibusinfulis trabeatus,diademateque regio coronatus,tam profundasfibi inftituit exhibere Domino inclinativas fupplicationes,ac fi fuif-

    fet juvenis quifpiamreligiofus.


    "Timor 'Domini

    inerat ei.

    adDominum,
    patet
    in
    quammultis
    ejusfilialem
    actiset
    QUon
    &princeps
    ifte
    timorem
    habuerat
    devotionibus. Primo referrefolebatquidamAngliae
    reverendusantiftes,fe per decemannosconfefforis
    fui
    officio fundhim apudipfum regemHenricumfuifle.
    I amitte et.

    Sed

    ET MIRACULIS HENRICI VI.


    [5
    Sedneque
    pertantumtempusmortalisalicujus*criminis maculamanimamejustetigifle affierebat.O !
    quantavigilantia! O ! quantadiligentiaplacendiDeo
    in tarnfublimi et-juveniliperfonarepertaeft ! 'Attendite reges& principesuniverfi,juveneset virgines&
    populi quique,& laudateDominum in fanctisejus.
    Hunc quoqueregemvirtute imitamini,qui malumfecifle poterat & non fecit : fed omnino dum vixit re-

    fugit, in quantumpotuit, propter Dei difplicentiam,


    hujufcemodimalumvel noxam.

    Cultor T)ei fedulus erat.

    SEnuLus
    &etveriflimus
    cultor
    erat
    rex
    ifte,
    magis Deo
    devotioniDei
    orationum
    deditus,
    quam
    mundanisvel temporalibus rebustradtandis,aut vanis

    ludis vel occupationibus


    exercendis:qualibusut frivola abeodefpeiftis,
    aut in orationibus,aut in fcripturarum vel cronicarum leftionibus affidue erat occupa-

    tus, ex quibus non paucaeloquiahauferat,ad ipfius


    aliorumque confolationem fpiritualem. Unde omni
    ftatui, omnique conditioni hominum et aetatifedulus

    hortator & confultor extiterat,juvenibus confulens,


    ut a vitiis declinarent,et virtutis viam afTequerentur.
    Prove&sequeaetatisviros et presbiteros, ut virtutis

    complementum,braviumque
    aeternae
    vitaeprofequendo
    attingerent,ammonuit,proferensid pfalmi: Ite de
    virtute

    in virtutem:

    mdebitur enim bine Deus deorum in

    Syon.
    * A in a.

    De-

    6]

    J. BLAKMAN DE VIRTUTIBUS

    T)evotahabitudoejusin ecclejia.

    INplacuit
    ecclefia
    velfedile,
    oratorio
    comfuper
    autnunquam
    hue illucfedere
    ve, ut fibi
    moris
    eft
    mundanorufn,
    deambulare
    : fednudatofempercapita,
    dum divina faltem celebrarentur officia, rariflime re-

    gios erigensartus,quafi continuecoramlibro genua


    fle&ens, oculis ac manibus erectis, miffalia, oracula,
    epiftolas,euangeliainternis ' vifibus promere geftiebat
    cum celebrante.

    Nonnullis

    etiam folebat clericis de-

    ftinare epiftolas*exhortatorias,coeleftibusplenasfacramentis et faluberrimis admonitionibus, in ftuporem


    multorum.

    Item & ubicuquefueratrex ifte, femperdevotiflimusfanftaecrucis,aliorumque


    Chriftianae
    religionisfacramentorum vel facrorum, cultor et fedulus adorator

    extiterat. In hujufmodienimoperenudatocapitedevotius2infederefolebat,etiamin itineribusequitando.


    ita quod regalecaputiumterrampetereultro faepius
    faciebat,etiam dextrario infidens, nifi id manus fuo-

    rum 3fitius apprehenderet.Unde et maluit fancftae


    crucis fignorum feriem in coronafua regia fituari,
    quam florum vel foliorum fimilitudinesquafcuque,
    juxta illud fapientis: Corona
    aureafupercaputejus,exprejjaJignofanflitatis,&c. Tempeftivevalde,et quafi
    in initio

    divinorum

    officiorum

    folebat intereffe.

    Sed

    et de prolixa protra<5hone
    divinorumofficiorumnufquam faftidiumpaffuserat,quanquam
    ultrameridiem
    protelabantur.
    I Lege,vocibus. 2 incedereM.R.J.
    * A in b.

    3 Sic,pro citius.
    Item

    ET MIRACOLIS HENRICI VI.

    [7

    Item in ecclefianullatenus 'accipites, gladios, 2bafillardos, contracftus,confabulationesve fieri finebat:


    fed orationibus etiam fuis potentatibus & proceribus,
    juxta illud Salvatoriseloquium, Domusmeadomusora-

    tioniseft,juffit crebriusefle vacandum,quod et fecerunt devote.

    'Pudicitia ejus.

    PUnicus
    enim
    &L
    purus
    fuerat
    rex
    ifteH.abineunte aetate fua.

    Omnem

    vero lafciviam

    verbo

    & operedum juvenis erat declinaverat,


    quoadufque
    duxerat, nubilibus venientibus annis, praenobilemdominam, dominam Margaretam, regis 3Ceciliaefiliam,

    ex quaunicumtantummodoprocreavitfiliu'm,Edwardum f. praenobilem
    & virtuofum principem,cumqua
    & cui conjugatefcedusfynceriffimeomninofervaverat, etiam in ipfius dominaeabfentia,quasaliquando
    perlongafuerat: nullam aliam a fua feminam tota fua
    * vita impudicetangens. Non etiam ad praefatamfuam

    conjugemeffrenate,vel more impudicorum,habere


    folebat accefTumdum infimul commanferunt:

    fed tan-

    tummodout ratio et rei neceflitas,


    fervatafemperinter eoshoneftateconjugaliet cummagnagravitate.
    Exemplum.
    In argumentum vero fusefervataepudicitiae,omnino
    confueveratefFugerenuditatem et virorum et mulierum 4incantius afpicere. ne, ut David, amore illicito caperetur,cujus animam, prout legimus, oculi deI Sic. Lege,ancipites.
    [potiutaccipitres
    M.R.J.] 2 Id e/l,
    pugiones,taggers. 3 Potius,Siciliae. 4 Sic. L. incautius.

    * A iva.

    prae.

    8]

    J. BLAKMANDE VIRTOTIBUS

    prasdatifuerant. Proptereaprincepsifte pepigerat


    cum oculisfuis foedus,
    ut neefaltemimpudicequamlibet 'afpiceratfeminam.
    Aliud exemplum.

    Unde femel contigit, quod temporenatalisDomini choreas,


    vel fpedlaculumquoddamgenerofarum
    juvencularum, refolutis finibus fuis nudatasmamillas
    proponentium,quidamadduceretmagnusdominusco-

    rameo,ut anteregisafpeftumjuvenesillaemulierculae
    fie denudatae
    tripudiarent,ad probandum
    forfaneum,
    vel ad ailiciendumregisjuvenilemanimum. Sedrex
    ifte nonimprovidus,neediabolicae
    fraudisignarus,his
    fpretisprasftigiis,
    nimium indignatus,oculosavertens,
    dorfum ejus citius pofuit, et ad cameramfuam exivit
    dicens,Jfp fg, for fbame,forfotfte50beto blame.

    Aliasjuxta Bathoniam
    equitans,ubi calidafunt balnea, quibus, ut dicitur, fe refocillant et lavant fe ho-

    minesillius patriaeex confuetudine,


    dum introfpiceret
    rex balnea,vidit hominesin eisquafiin toto nudoset
    veftibuspleneexutos. Ad quodindignansrex citius
    abiitj nuditatemhujufmodi quafigrandefacinusabhorrens, non immemor illius Francifci Petrarchaeaffertionis : Nuditas beluinain bominibusnonplacet: Jed
    pudori amiflus honeflateconfulitur. 2Prasteria,non tan-

    tum fibiipfi, fed et domefticisfuis, de caftimoniama* cautionemadhiberefolebat. Nam ante nuptias


    fuas3adolofcenscaftitatis alumnusexiftens,curiofe per
    gnam

    fecretasfusecamerae
    feneftrasafpicerefolebat,ne feminarum introeuntium ftulta debacharetur infolentia,
    in fuorum faltem domefticorum ruinam. Eandem etiam
    cautionem adhibuerat idem rex duobus fuis fratribus
    I Sic. L. afpiceret. 2 Sic. "$ Sic.

    * A iv b.
    1utriuis,

    ET MIRACULIS HENRICI VI.

    [9

    1utriuis,Dominisvidelicet*Jafpereet Edmundo,dum

    puerietjuvenes
    erant:quibusprotune3acl:iflimam
    &
    fecuriflimamprovidebatcuftodiam,eosponensfub tutela virtuoforum et honeftiffimorum facerdotum, turn

    ad erudiendum,turn ad virtuofe vivendum, et converfandum, ne fcilicet indomitaeadolefcentulationesfuc-

    crefcerent,fi omninofuppreflbrecarerent. Non minoremiterum diligentiamadhiberefolebatrex ifte, ut


    dicitur, circa alios fibi attinentes, ut vitia declinarent
    vel vitarent

    fimul

    cum contione

    vicioforum

    vel diflb-

    lutorum,et virtutes apprehenderent,


    ammonens
    eos.
    Contra

    avaritiam,

    Liberalitas ejus.

    CONTRA
    avaritiae,
    qua
    quamplurimi
    inficiuntur peftem
    et languent,
    etiam
    terreni principes,
    Rex ifte H. de quo loquimur, cautiffimus, et ereftiffi-

    musomnino fuerat. Quia needonariisprsefulgidis


    fibi donatis,neeexcellentiffimis
    divitiis,quasipfe4poffiderat aliquotiensillicito amorecaptusfuerat. Sed
    adpauperes
    omninoliberaliserat,eoruminopiamfublevando. Aliosetiamquamplures
    largitateditabatdonorum,aut officiorum,vel faltemomnemab eisegeftatemamovebat. Nequaquam
    fuosopprimebatfubditos immoderatis
    exa&ionibus,ut ceteriaguntprincipeset magnates
    : fed tanquampiuspaterinter filios

    converfatus,
    eosdecentiffime
    exfuisrelevans,
    propriis
    contentus
    maluit*fic jufte intereosviverequamipfi
    i F. uterinis. 2 Sic.Patius,Jafpero. 3 Sic.L. artiffimam.
    4 Sic.

    A v a.
    de-

    ID] J. BLAKMAN DE VIRTWTIBUS


    deficerent
    egeftate,
    fua fuppreflicrudelitate.Quod
    de fuis contentusfuerat,alienarumrerumminimecupidus,patetvariisexemplisveriflimis. Undequidam
    magnusdominusoptulit eidemregi preciofumcoopertorium,adleftum fuum cameralem,
    undiquenobilibus aureisin magnamultitudineftratum,cumtalibus
    verbisdicens: DetalibusJit vobiscura. Sedregisanimus,coeleftia
    et fpiritualia magisinhians,hujufmodi
    terrenapoftponens,minime attendebathujufmodi munera.

    Alias venientibus ad eundemregemexecutoribusre-

    verendiflimidominicardinaliset epifcopiWinton . fui


    avunculi,cum praegrandifumma,duorumvidelicet mil-

    lium lib. auri eidemregi conferend'.ad fuosufus, &


    ad neceffariaregni ponderafublevanda,penitus refpuit
    munus, nee quoquomodo habere voluit, dicens, ipfe
    fueratpergratusmibi avuncu/us,&f multumnobisbeneficus,
    dumvixerat: Dominusretribuatei.facile vosde bonisfuis
    prout tenemini. nosnolumusea recipere. Ad quod dictum regium attoniti executoresilli, fupplicaverunt

    mageftatiregiae,ut faltemreciperetdonum illud de


    manibuseorum,ad dotationemduorum collegiorum
    fuorum,quaetune quafide novofundafTet,
    apudCantabrigiamet Eton. Cui fupplicationiet donation!libentiffimefavebatrex, mandans,ut, pro relevamine
    animaepraefatifui avunculi,conferrentdonumpraedictis collegiis. Qui con,citogradumandatumregium
    expleverunt.
    Item in fuse liberalitatis oftentationem, qua cum

    aliis pollebatvirtutibusrex ifte, in confufionem


    avariciaelargiflimuseratin donis,ut fui quondamteftabantur. Doriaveratenimuni de capellanis
    fuis,dum audierat eum intentum ad facerdotalia veftimenta refarcien-

    ET MIRACULIS HENRICI VI.

    [n

    cienda,plus quamdecemmutatoriacafulariade pannis fuis fericis, ad mifias in ecclefia,cui tune praeerat


    idem facerdos,celebrandas. Alias audiens unum de

    famulisfuis multisfurtive expoliatum* bonis,mifit ei


    idemrex, in recompenfationem
    fui dampni,XX nobilia,cum hoc confulens,utammodomagisprovidus efiet

    de cuftodiabonorumfuorum,et neequicquamjuris
    ageretcumfure illo. Eccequomodomifericordia&
    veritasobviaveruntfibi, jufticia & paxofculatae
    funt
    in noftro terreno principe. O ! ' rara pietas & piiflima
    charitasin homine inventa ! Unde & idem princeps,

    tandemutroque privatus regno,Angliasvidelicet&


    Franciae,quibus ante imperaverat,cum rebus& bonis

    fuis, non frafto, fed aequoid tulit animo,omniatemporaliaparvipendens,


    dummodoChriftum lucraretur
    et seterna. Non tantum in temporalibusdiftribuendis

    largus,fed etiamin ecclefiafticis


    et fpiritualibus2benefitiis conferendis,
    multum cautuset providuserat
    rex ifte & difcretus,ne indignis,vel quoadfeipfum
    indigne,i. fymoniace,talia conferret,prout res oftendit in perfonisab eopromotis: immunisfempererata
    fymoma. Nam virtuti femperintendens,virtuoforum

    promotioniomninovacabat,
    atqueeosplurimumamabat. Accenfae
    vero charitatisperurgebaturaffeftu,
    quando fucceffori celeberrimi cardinalis Winton di-

    xerat prasfatus
    rex H. magiftroWilelmo Waynflet:
    RecipeWintonhamintronizationem,
    utfis Ulic,ficutjolent

    pr<edecejfbres
    prtfjulesejffe.fis long<rvusjuper
    terram,el in
    vi.rtutisvia fuccrefcens
    et profidens. Epifcoposetiam

    Wurceftrias
    et3Ceftriae
    fimul,cummultisaliis,pariliberalitate promovit, ut res fatis innotuit.
    i L. cara M.R.j.

    2 Sic.
    * Avi.

    Unde ad

    3 CicestriaeM.R.j.
    am-

    12]

    J. BLAKMAN DE VIRTUTIBUS

    ampliandum
    domumDei,etcultumdivinum,duoprae-

    claraprincipatus
    fui tempore
    fundavitcollegia
    prasdi6ta,quaeampliffimisdotavitpraediiset redditibus,ad
    fuftentationem
    pauperum
    fcholariumnonpaucorum.in
    quibus non tarn divina cotidie devotiffime celebrantur

    officia,ad Dei omnipotentislaudem,quam fcolaftica


    dogmata cum ceteris aftibus continue exercentur,ad
    fcientise incrementum.

    Ad iftorum

    vero duorum

    col-

    legiorum*iniciationemet fundamen,perquifivitubique optimos lapidesvivos, optime expeditesin virtute

    & fcientiajuvenculos,et facerdotes


    qui ceterisprseeflentut doftores& tutores. Unde quoadpresbyteros habendos
    dixeratrex fuo legatoin haccaufa,Minorafcere
    eos
    potiustolkramusin muficalibus,
    quaminfcripturarumfdentiis. Et quo ad pueros veljuvenculos, ei
    addudtos ad fcholatizand'.

    voluit

    eos rex omnino edu-

    cariet nutriri, tajn in virtute, quamin fcientiis. Unde cum aliquoseorum fibi obviamhabuitaliquoties
    in caftrode Wyndefoor,quo interdumirent, ad fervos regis,eis notos,vifitandos,compertoquodfui effent, 'admouit eosde virtutis via profeqflenda,
    dando cum verbis etiam pecuniasad alliciendum eos,dicens: Sitisbonipueri, miteset docibiles,etfervi Domini.

    Et fi aliquoseorumcuriamfuamvifitare deprehenderit, aliquandocohibuit corripiendoeos,ne hoc amodo iterarent, ne agnelli fui perditosfuorum curiaHumaclrus
    vel moresfaperent:vel propriosbonosmores in partevel in toto amitterent,moreagnorumvel
    ovium,quaeinter vepresvel fpinaspafcentes,
    fua vellera dilaniant,et faepiusin toto amittunt.
    I

    Sic. L. admonuit.

    * A vi a.
    Hu-

    ET MIRACULIS HENRICI VI.

    [13

    Humilitas regis.

    LOQUENDO
    demagna
    regis
    iftius
    humilitate,
    fciendum,quod
    multum
    clarus
    fuerat
    virtute ilia humilitatis. Non enim erubuit rex ifte piiffimus fa-

    cerdoti, celebranticorameo, diligens minifter fieri,


    refpondendo
    ad miflam,Amen.Sedliberanos,et fimilia. Ita vero fecit etiammichi communiterindigno
    iacerdoti.

    In menfa etiam

    fuccinftam

    faciens refe-

    clionem,quafireligiofuscumconcitatafurrectionefilentium fervans ftando Deo gratias totiens quotiens


    devotiflime perfolvit. Unde etiam, tefte magiftro do<5loreTown . inftituit idem rex, quod per elemofina-

    rium fuum quidamdifcus,V. Chrifti vulnerum,quafi


    fanguinerubentium,reprsefentativus,*menfefue,quan-

    do fe reficerehabuit,anteomniaalia ferculaponeretur, quibus effigiebus devotius ' intentis, ante quo-

    rumlibetciborumattaftummirabilesDeo perfolvebat
    devotiones.

    Item equitandofemelin ftrataquadam,


    jacenteextra cemiteriumadorientemcujufdamccde/ias,ubi pixis fuper altare pendens carebatfacramento euchari-

    ftiae,eo igitur non nudantecaput,ut femperaliasvel


    anteaflbletagerecummagnadevotionepropterreverentiam facramenti : admirantibus inde fuis dominis

    et compluribus magnatibus, rationem reddit rex di-

    cens: Sdoyinquit, ibi noneffeDominummeumlefum


    Cbriftum,obcujusbonorem
    tantafacerem. Quod ita re-

    pertum eft ut dixit. unde et dicunt, qui eidemfeI An, intentus ?

    * A VI b.
    creti

    H] J- BLAKMAN DE VIRTOTIBUS
    cretierant,quodrex ifte frequenter
    videratDominum noftrum lefum',in forma humanareprsefentantem fe in facramento altaris inter manus facerdotis.

    Confueverat
    etiam,ex permaxima
    humilitate& devotione, nocteet Dominicaerefurrectionistempore
    propriamanugereremagnumtortum,ob reverentiam
    Dominicae

    refurredlionis

    et fidem.

    Humilitas regis.

    DEetipfius
    humilitate
    ininceflu,
    veftibus
    aliisetiam
    corporalibus
    indumentis,
    inin
    verbis
    et
    ceteris corporis geftibus compluribus, conftat, Jquam

    obtufisfotularibuset ocreisi juventuteuti confueverat adinftarcoloni. Togametiamlongamcumcapucio rotulato ad modum burgenfis,et talarem tunicam

    ultra genuademiflam,caligas,ocreas,calceosomnino
    pulli coloris&c. omnimodacuriofitateper eum"prohebita in confuetudine

    habuit.

    Voluit etiamin principalibusannifeftis,fed maxime quando ex confuetudinecoronaretur,indui ad nu-

    dum corpusfiium afperocilitio, ut perafperitatem


    talem corpusejus*arctaretura lafcivia,potiusvero ut
    omnisarrogantiavel inanisgloria,quseex hujufmodi
    oriri folet, reprimeretur.

    Labor et exercitium ejus.

    D E4occupatione
    regis,
    3qua
    bene
    dies
    tempora
    tranfigerat,compluribus
    notum
    eftet
    adhuc
    viI F. quoniam. 2 Sic. 3 F. quam. 4 Sic,perindeacfe
    tranfegeratreponend.
    effet. Retfiustamen
    firfitan tranfigeret.
    * B i a.

    yen-

    ET MIRACULIS HENRICI VI.


    [15
    ventibus,
    quodomninodiesfolemnes,
    &cDominicos
    in divinis officiis audiendis, et devotis orationibus ex

    partefuapro fe et populofuoomninodedicare
    folebat,nefabbataejushoftesderiderent. Et ad fimiliter

    agendum
    etiamaliosinducere
    diligenterftuduit. unde et nonnulli, quondameidemafliftentes,afferunt,

    quodtotaejusexultatioet gaudiumeratin Dei laudibuset divinis fervitiis rite & devoteperfolvendis.


    Ceterosvero dies etiam minus folemnes, non in ocio
    aut vanitatibus, non in commeffationibus aut ebrieta-

    tibus, non in vaniloquiis aut ceteris nocivis dictis aut

    loquelis(quae*am'niafemperdamviveretdeclinabat,)
    immopauciffimiseloquiis,ut verbissedificariis
    vel ceteris utilibus

    omnino

    ufus fuerat:

    Sed dies illos aut in

    regni negotiiscum confilio fuo tradtandis,prout rei


    expofcerat neceflitas,aut in fcripturarum leftionibus,

    vel in fcriptisaut cronicislegendisnon minusdiligenter expendit. Unde et de eo teftatuseft miles quidam honorandus,quondamfibi camerariusfideliffimus,dominusRicardusTunftall, verbiset fcriptis.fuis
    teftimoniumdeeo deditdicens: In legeDominifuitvoluntasejusdieacnolle. In hujusetiamrei teftimonium
    ipfe Dominusrex graviterconqueftus
    eft michi in camerafua apudEltham, quandofolus cum eo ibidem
    eflemin fanftisfuis libris cum eolaborans,ejusfalubribusmonitis& profundiffimaa
    devotionisfufpiriisintendens: datopro tune interim fono fuper hoftioregio a quodampotentiffimoregni duce,rex ait : Sic
    inquietantme,ut vix raptimper dieset noftesvaleamfine

    *Jlrepitualiquorumfacrorum
    dogmatum
    leftionerefici. Simile etiamquoddamhuic femelcontigit,me praefente
    i Sic,pro omnia.

    ' * B I b.

    apud

    16]

    J. BLAKMAN DE VIRTUTIBUS

    apudWyndefor. In atteftationem
    etiamfuaeeximiae

    devotionis
    adDeum,dicuntcomplures
    adhucfuperftites,eidemetiamprincipiquondam
    familiares,
    quod
    quaff continue oculos fuos ad coelumattollere confue-

    verat,quaficcelicolaquidamaut raptus,neefeipfum
    pro tempore,neefe circumftantes
    fentiens,quafieflet
    homo extaticus,vel fubcceleftis,converfationemfuam

    in coelishabens,
    juxta illud apoftoli,Converfatio
    naftra
    in casliseft.

    yuramenta ejus.

    ITEM
    nulla
    unquam
    habere
    folebat
    alia
    jurament
    ad confirmanda
    diifta
    fua veredica,
    quam
    haecvefba proferendo,jporfotfjt,anbforfotftf. Ut ' ceterosfkceret, quos "alloquibatur,de dictis fuis. Unde et
    quamplures,
    tammagnates,
    quam3plebeos,
    a gravibus
    juramentis, turn blande confulendo,turn dure corripiendo,compefcuit. Quoniam abhominabiliserat 4eis

    quifquejurans. Audiensautemrexquendam
    magnum
    dominum, fibi camerarium,ex abrupto et.improvise
    graviter jurare, graviter increpaviteum,dicens: Prohdolor\ vos dominusfamilitemulte dumjuramentaflceditis
    contraDei mandatum,pej/imum
    5exhibitisexemplumferuis
    etjubditis veftris. ipfosenimfimiliafacereprovocatis.

    Pietaset patientia ejus.

    DEfericordia,
    patientia
    iftius
    regis,
    &c
    benigniflima
    ejus
    miquas
    per
    totam
    fuamvitam in
    tranfI Sic. F. certos. 2 Sic. 3 Sic. 4 F. ei. 5 Sic.
    gre-

    ET MIRACULIS HENRICI VI. [17


    gredientes
    fibi exercuit,
    dumregnaret,
    complurima
    veriffime dici poflunt.
    Primo, cum femel defcendereta villa fandti Albani

    Londoniasper Crepylgate,vidensfupra portamibi


    quartariumhominispofitum fuper fudem fublimem,
    quaefivit,quid hoceflet? Et refpondentibus
    * fibi dominis fuis, quod erat IIII. pars cujufdamproditoris
    fui, qui falfus fuerat regiaemajeftati,ait rex, Auferatur. No/oenimaliquemChriJKanum
    tarncrudeliterprome
    traffari, & continue fublatum eft quartarium. Qui hoc
    vidit, teftimonium dicit.
    Item IIII. nobiles generofos,de proditione & cri-

    minelaefas
    majeftatisregiaeconvictos,et fuper hacre
    legittimeperjudices condemnatos,
    et morte turpiffima'pledliffima"plecftendos
    piiffimerelaxavit,et amorte ilia acerbiffimaeripuit, cartulam fuaeperdonationis
    pro eis liberandis ad locum fupplicii citiffime emittens.

    Aliistribusmagnisdominisregni,inneceffitate
    2ejufdemregisconfpirantibus,
    infinitaquafimultitudinearmatorumhominumcongregata,
    ambitionequadamregii culminis intentata, prout res pofteamanifeftius claruit, rex ifte non minorem exhibuit mifericordiam.

    Condonabat
    enimomnibustarncapitaneis,
    quamceteris fibi fubditis, quod ei tune maligneintenderant,
    dummodo

    fe ei fubmitterent.

    Confimilemetiammifericordiamcompluribusaliis
    " oftendit, fpecialiter autem duobus, mortem ei inten-

    dentibus,quorumunuscollo fuogravevulnusinflixit,
    volensexcerebrafle,vel
    decollafleeum,quodtamenrex
    patientiffimetulit, dicens,jfoifoti)t, ?f fotlotije,pj bo
    foulg to Cmpua fcsngettwgntelJ(o.

    I Sic.Seddelend.
    nifallar. 2 [Sic,qu.necem
    M.R.j.]
    * B II a.

    Al-

    i8]

    J. BLAKMAN DE VIRTUTIBUS

    Alter vero cum' ficcapercufliteum in latere,dum


    in turri fuerat carceredetentus,qui poft hoccommiffum facinusputans,fe regemex fuo idtunepharipoccidifle,timensfe capiendum
    fore,citiffimeaufugit,deprehenfumtameneum, & eidemregi pofteaaddu(ftum, convalefcensrex, et e carcereillo eduftus, et

    ad regaliafaftigia,Deo faventeet agente,iterum fublimatusfinebellis poft longaexilia et diutinamejus


    incarcerationem,pardonavit eum ex fumma fua dementia, ficut et praedictumfuum perfecutorem.

    Unde et famuli quondameidemregi aflerunt>


    quod
    nullamperfonam,quantumcunque
    *fibinoxiam,voluit
    aliquotiesmulctari. Quod etiamin quammultis liquet perfonis,quibusvaldefueratgratiofuset mifericorsimitatoreffedlusillius qui ait: Mifericordiam
    volo,
    & nolomortempeccatons,
    fed magisut convertatur&? vivat. qui etiam, ut apoftolus ait, Omniumhominumfalutemaffeflabat. nee mirum. Quoniam etiam non in-

    eratejusanimaevanailia gloriatio,qua etiamvenatores potiuntur captisbeftiisex nimiacomplacentia,


    videlicet ut intueretur appetitumanimal in interitu fuo
    cum truculentia contaminari, nee caediinnocui 2qua-

    drupedesaliquandovoluit interefle. Quid plura ?


    Certeinter quoset quibustambenignuset mifericors
    extiteratrex ifte,hostandeminvenitingratiflimos,ut
    Chriftus Judaeos. Nam quern dexteraDei in tantam

    fublimaveratgloriam,ut fuprahabetur,ifti 3patriales,


    infimul conglobati,rabiequadam4crudiliflimaprasfatum regemmifericordiflimum
    poteftateregiaprivaverunt, et a fuo regno et regimine expulerunt, qui tan-

    dempoft latebras,quasad tempus,propterfui tutei Sic,pro fica. 2 Sic. F. quadrupedis. 3 priales. 4 Sic.
    * B n*.
    lam,

    ET MIRACULIS HENRICI VI.

    [19

    lam, fecretioribusfovebatlocis,inventus etiam captus,

    velut proditor & maleficusLondoniumadduftus in


    turri ibidem incarceratuserat, ubi famem, fitim, ob-

    probria,irrifiones,' blafphemeas,
    aliafqueinjuriascomplurimas,ut verusChrifti fequefter,patientertolleravit, et tandemmortisibi corporisviolentiamfuftinuit
    propterregnum,ut tune fperabatur,ab aliis pacifice
    poffidendum.Animaautemipfius,ut piecredimus,
    ex
    miraculorum,ubi corpusejushumatur,diutinacontinuatione, cum Deo in cceleftibusvivente, ubi, poft

    iftius feculiaerumnas,
    cumjuftis in seternoDei contuitu felicitergaudet,pro terreno& tranfitorio regno hoc patienteramiflb,asternumjam poffidensin
    aevum.

    Revelationes
    ei ojlenfce*

    PRjETEREA,
    decoeleftibus
    facramentis,
    eidem
    regi oftenfis,filendum
    eflenon
    puto. In turri
    enim
    Londoniarumdetentus,interrogatuserata quodamfibi capellano
    ergafeftumPafchae,
    quomodoanimaejus
    concordaretin hoc facratiflimo tempore cum inftan-

    tibus fuistribulationibusinevitabiliteremergentibus
    ?
    Et refponditrex dicens,Regnum
    ccslorum,
    cm mefemper ab infantia meadevovi,appellantexpofco.De regno

    iftotranfitorio& terreflrinonmagna
    nobiscuraeft. Cognatus nofterde Marchia fe interponit,ut fibi placet. Hoc
    ipfum tantummodo
    requiro,quatinus
    facramentaPafchalia

    y ecckfiaftica
    cumaliis Cbrifiicolis
    in dieccena
    recipiam,
    ut morisnoftri eft, unde & propter nimiam fuam devoi

    Sic.

    * B in a.

    tio-

    20] J. BLAKMAN DE VIRTCTIBUS


    tionem,quamadDeum,etadejusfacramenta,
    Temper
    habuerat,non incongrue'videtur,quod coeleftibus
    facramentisfuiffet fsepiusilluftratus,& in fuis tribulationibus

    confolatus.

    Fertur

    enim a nonnullis

    fecre-

    tioribus fibi perfonis,quibus folebatfecretafua referare,quodfrequentervideratDominumlefum in manibuscelebrantis


    tractatumin formahumanaei apparere fub facramento.Dixeratiterum apudWaltham
    olim exiftens ciiidam in fecretis, aliis tamen a retro
    hoc audientibus, de multiplici revelatione Domini-

    ca fibi factaper tres annoscontinuesin fefto fandi


    Edwardi,quodin vigilia Epiphaniae
    acciditde gloria
    Domini,in effigiehumanaapparentis,
    de ejuscorona,
    & de aflumptionebeataeMariaein corpore& anima
    oftentione.

    Item deabfentiafacramentiapixide,dumperquoddam equitaretcimiterium,propterquod defiit a.veneratione folita facramenti,ut fupra habetur.


    In ipfo etiam ardo guerrarum difcrimine in boriae

    partibus,deficientead tempiis panecommilitonibus


    vel turbis fuis, dicitur ab inde venientibus, quod de

    exigua*tritici annonameritisejuset precibus'a Deo


    multiplicati fuerant panes,ut 2querentibus
    et petentibus fufficientia cum fuperfluo refpondebat fuis, ceteris vero fuis hoftibus penuriam panum patientibus.

    Infuper continuatalongotemporedira ac ingratif(imafuorum rebellione,poft plurima bellaa fuis rebellantibusei graviflimeillata, tandemcumpaucisad
    locum fecretum,a fuis fidelibusfibi provifum,fugit.
    unde dum per aliquod fpacium 3diliteret, vox corporalis infonuit per XVII. dies antequam capereturinI F. adeo. 2 Malim cumdiphthongo.3 Sic,pro deliteret.
    * B m b.

    fi-

    ET MIRACULIS HENRICI VI.

    [21

    finuansei, quod proditionetraderetur,ac fine honore, quafifur aut exul quidam,Londonias,& per medium ejusmanuduceretur,multaac varia pravorum

    hominumingeniismalaexquifitafubiturus,et infra
    turrim illic incarcerandus,
    quaeomniaex beatas
    Mariae
    virginis revelatjone,SanftorumqueJoannisbaptiftae,
    Dunftani,& Ancelmi,quorumconfolationibus
    adtune,
    ficut etiam alias,potitus fuit, per eofdemad patientiam edocSus& confirmatus ad haecet fimilia patien-

    ter tolleranda. Quaecumquibufdamde fuis tuneretulerat,videlicetmagiftrisBedon& Mannynge,'incrudeli illi minime crederevoluerunt, fed diliramen-

    ta et vanaquasdam
    deputaverunt,quoadufque
    rei exitus eos certos fecit.

    Fertur etiam,quodrex ifte,dum in turri fuifTetinclufus,viderit mulieremquandama dextrafua infantulum fubmergerenitentem,quamper nunciumammonuit, ne tantum flagitium & Deo odiofum peccatum perpetraret. Cujus ammonitione correpta ilia,

    ab inceptoopereceflavit.
    Item quaefito
    abeodemregeH. dum in turri fuerat
    incarceratus,
    quareinjufte vendicaveratet 2poffiderat
    coronam Angliae tot annis, refpondere folebat, Pater

    meusrexfuerat *Anglicpacifice,coronam
    Anglicpojjidens
    pertoturnregnijuitempus.Etjuuspater,avusmeus,
    ejujdem
    regnirexfuit. Et egopuer,quaji in *cunabilis
    * pacifice,etJine
    omniinterruptione
    coronatus
    approbatusfueram rex a totoregno,coronamAngli<egerensquajiper XL.

    annos,
    Jingulismihidominishomagium
    regium
    facientibus,
    etfidemmichiprxftantibus
    ficut fc?aliisantecefforibus
    meis,
    I Sic,pro increduli. 2 Sic. 3 Commute
    forfitanpojtAnglije nanpojl pacificedijlingui malint alii. Sedd'ljlinftioni
    nojlr<e
    favet Codex,
    quaufusfum. 4 Sic,'pncunabulis.
    * B IV a.

    yn_

    22] J. BLAKMAN DE VIRTUTIBUS &c.


    Vnde,et cumPfalmijta dicerepoffum: Funes ceciderunt

    michi in praeclaris
    : etenimhereditasmeapraeclara
    eft
    michi. Juftumenimadjutoriummeumk Domino,qui
    falvos facit rectos corde.

    Laus Deo.

    A
    OF

    COMPILATION
    THE
    AND

    MEEKNESS
    GOOD

    LIFE

    OF

    KING

    HENRY
    GATHERED

    VI.
    BY

    Master JOHN BLAKMAN, Bachelor of


    Divinity and afterward monk of the
    Charterhouse

    of London.

    A devoutPrayerof his.

    OLme,Oredeem
    RDJesu
    who
    didst
    me,Christ,'
    and foreordain
    mecreate
    unto
    that

    which

    now

    I am:

    Thou

    knowest

    what

    Thou wilt do with me : dealwith me according


    to thy most compassionatewill. I know and

    confessin sinceritythat in thy handall things


    are set, and there is none that can withstand
    Thee: Thou art Lord of all. Thou therefore,

    God Almighty compassionate


    and pitiful, in
    whosepower are all realmsand lordships,and
    unto whom all our thoughts, words, and works,
    such as have been, are, and shall be, are con-

    tinually open and known, who only hast wisdom and knowledgeincomprehensible:Thou
    knowest,Lord, what is profitablefor me poor
    sinner: be it sodonewith measpleasethThee
    and asseemethgoodin the eyesof thy divine
    Majesty.

    Receive,O compassionate
    Fatherandmerciful God Almighty, the prayerof me thy most
    unworthy servant; and let my supplications,
    which I offer beforeThee andthy saints,come
    unto the earsof thy mercy. Amen.

    25 1

    PROLOGUE.

    ITdeath,
    iswritten
    that
    we
    are
    topraise
    no
    man
    before
    his
    but that
    in
    the
    end
    shallbe
    the
    exposing
    of
    his works: hence,now that every obstacleto sincere

    praiseis out of the way,and inasmuch


    asthe heavens
    declaretheglory of Almighty God,andall thingsthat
    the Lord hath madepraiseHim by the fashionof
    them,I havethereforethought fit to treat of some
    mattersto the praiseof Godand of thesereneprince

    KingHenryVI nowdeceased;
    whom,thoughI beof
    little skill, I have taken in hand to celebrate; and this

    especiallybecause
    to praisethe saintsof God,(in the
    registerof whom I take that excellentking to be
    rightly includedon accountof the holyvirtuesby him
    exercisedall his life long) is to praiseand glorify
    Almighty God,of whoseheavenlygift it comeththat
    they are saints.

    Nowof hismostnobledescent,
    howhewasbegotten
    accordingto the fleshof the highestblood and the
    ancientroyal stockof England,and how in the two
    landsof Englandand Francehe wascrownedas the
    rightful heir of eachrealm, I have purposelysaid
    nothing,asof a matterplainly knownto all, and not
    least known becauseof that most unhappyfortune
    which befellhimagainstall expectation
    in after-times.

    26

    TRANSLATION

    A commendation
    of hisvirtues.

    BUT
    that
    Imay
    set
    forth
    somewhat
    concerning
    the
    many
    virtues
    of that
    king,
    wherewith
    Almighty
    Godadorned
    his soul,I will according
    to mysmall
    ability,with God'shelp,publishsuchthingsasI have
    known and have learned from the relation of men

    worthyof creditwhowereformerlyattendanton him.


    He was,like a secondJob, a mansimpleand up-

    right,altogether
    fearingtheLord God,anddeparting
    fromevil. He wasa simpleman,withoutanycrook
    of craft or untruth, as is plain to all. With nonedid
    he dealcraftily, nor ever would sayan untrueword
    to any,but framedhis speechalwaysto speaktruth.
    He wasboth upright and just, alwayskeepingto
    the straightline of justice in his acts. Upon none
    would he wittingly inflict anyinjustice.To Godand
    the Almighty he renderedmostfaithfully that which
    wasHis, for he took painsto payin full the tithes
    and offerings due to God and the church: and this
    he accompaniedwith most sedulousdevotion, so that
    even when decked with the kingly ornaments and

    crownedwith the royal diademhe madeit a duty to


    bow before the Lord as deep in prayer as any young
    monk might have done.

    Thefear of theLord wasin him.

    AIDthethat
    this
    ason's
    fear
    toward
    Lord
    isprince
    plain cherished
    from many
    an act
    and
    devotion of his. I n the firstplace,acertainreverendprelate

    TRANSLATION

    27

    of Englandusedto relatethat for tenyearshe held


    theofficeof confessor
    to King Henry: but hedeclared
    that neverthroughoutthat long timehadanyblemish
    of mortal

    sin touched his soul.

    O what greatwatchfulness,
    O what careto please
    Godwasfound in this creatureso high-placedandso
    young! Considerit, all ye kingsand princes,young
    menandmaidens,
    andall peoples,andpraisethe Lord
    in His saints.Imitate,too, this king in virtue, who
    couldhavedoneill anddid it not,but'utterlyeschewed,
    to hispower,whilehelived,in viewof thedispleasure
    of God,all evil and injury of this sort.

    He wasa diligent worshipperof God.


    A DILIGENT andsincereworshipperof Godwas
    \_ this king, more given to God and to devout
    prayerthan to handlingworldlyand temporalthings,
    or practisingvain sportsand pursuits: thesehe despisedastrifling,andwascontinuallyoccupiedeitherin
    prayeror the readingof thescripturesor of chronicles,
    whence

    he drew

    not a few wise utterances

    to the

    spiritualcomfortof himselfandothers. So to every


    sort and conditionand ageof menhe wasa diligent
    exhorterandadviser,counsellingthe youngto leave

    viceandfollowthepathof virtue;andadmonishing
    men of mature ageand elders(or priests)to attain
    the perfectionof virtue andlay hold on the prize of
    eternal life, with those words of the Psalm 'Go from

    strengthto strength1;henceshall the Godof godsbe


    beheld in Sion.'
    i

    Lit. from

    virtue to virtue.

    28

    TRANSLATION

    His devout habit in church.

    INupon
    church
    ororchapel
    hewas
    never
    tosit
    a seat
    to walk
    to and
    fro pleased
    as do men
    of
    the world; but alwayswith baredhead,at leastwhile
    thedivineofficewasbeingcelebrated,
    andhardlyever
    raisinghisroyalperson,kneelingonemaysaycontinuouslybeforehis book,with eyesandhandsupturned,
    he wasat painsto utter with the celebrant(but with
    the inward voice) the mass-prayers,
    epistles,and
    gospels. To someclericsalsohe usedto addressletters

    of exhortationfull of heavenlymysteriesand most


    salutaryadvice,to1the greatwonderof many.
    Moreover, wherever this king was, he always
    showed

    himself

    a venerator

    and most devout adorer

    of the Holy Crossand of other symbolsand holy


    things of the Christianreligion. When engagedin
    suchdevotionhe wentalwayswith baredhead,even
    when riding on a journey: so that manytimes he
    would let his royal capdrop to thegroundevenfrom
    his horse'sback,unlessit werequickly caughtby his
    servants.So too he preferreda row of signsof the
    Holy Crossto be set in his royal crownratherthan
    anylikenesses
    of flowersor leaves,accordingto that
    word of the wise: 'A crown of gold was upon his

    headmarkedwith the signof holiness.'He wouldbe


    at the divine office quite early,nayat the very beginning: nor did he evergrow wearyat the lengthy

    prolonging
    of it, eventhoughit werecontinued
    until
    after noonday.
    Moreover he would never suffer hawks, swords, or

    TRANSLATION

    29

    daggersto be broughtinto church,or business


    agreements or conferences

    to be carried on there : even his

    greatmenand nobleshe enjoinedto give themselves


    frequentlyto prayer, accordingto the word of the
    Saviour'My houseis a houseof prayer': and they
    obeyedhim devoutly.

    His chastity.

    THIS
    king
    Henry
    was
    chaste
    and
    pure
    from
    the
    beginning
    of his days.
    He eschewed
    all
    licentiousnessin word or deedwhilehe wasyoung; until
    he was of marriageable
    age,when he espoused
    the
    most noble lady, Lady Margaret, daughterof the
    King of Sicily,by whom he begatbut one only son,
    the most noble and virtuous prince Edward ; and with

    her andtowardher he kept his marriagevow wholly


    andsincerely,evenin the absences
    of the lady,which
    weresometimes
    very long: neverdealingunchastely
    with any other woman. Neither when they lived
    togetherdid he use his wife unseemly,but with all
    honestyand gravity.
    Example.

    It is an argumentof his watchupon his modesty


    that he waswont utterly to avoidthe unguarded
    sight
    of naked persons,lest like David he should be snared

    by unlawful desire,for David's eyes,as we read,


    madehavocof his soul. Thereforethis princemade
    a covenantwith his eyesthat they should never look
    unchastelyupon any woman.

    30

    TRANSLATION
    Anotherexample.

    Henceit happened
    once,that at Christmastimea
    certaingreatlord broughtbeforehim a danceor show
    of youngladieswith baredbosoms
    whowereto dance
    in that guisebeforethe king, perhapsto provehim,
    or to enticehis youthful mind. But theking wasnot
    blind to it, nor unaware of the devilish wile, and

    spurnedthe delusion,and very angrily avertedhis


    eyes,turnedhisbackuponthem,andwent out to his
    chamber, saying:

    Fy, fy, for shame,forsotheye be to blame.


    At another time, riding by Bath, where are warm

    bathsin whichthey saythe menof that countrycustomablyrefreshandwashthemselves,


    theking,looking
    into the baths,sawin them menwholly nakedwith
    everygarmentcastoff. At which he wasdispleased,
    and went awayquickly, abhorringsuchnudity as a

    greatoffence,
    andnotunmindfulof tha.tsentence
    of
    Francis Petrarch

    'the

    nakedness of a beast is in men

    unpleasing,but the decencyof raimentmakesfor


    modesty.'
    Besides,he took great precautions to secure not

    only his own chastitybut that of his servants.For


    beforehe wasmarried,beingas a youth a pupil of
    chastity,hewouldkeepcarefulwatchthroughhidden
    windowsof his chamber,lestanyfoolishimpertinence
    of womencoming into the houseshouldgrowto a
    head,andcausethe fall of anyof his household.And
    like painsdid he apply in the caseof his two halfbrothers,the Lords JasperandEdmund,in theirboyhoodand youth: providingfor them moststrict and

    safeguardianship,
    putting themunderthe careof

    TRANSLATION

    31

    virtuous
    andworthypriests,
    bothforteaching
    andfor
    rightlivingandconversation,
    lesttheuntamed
    practicesof youthshouldgrowrankif theylackedanyto

    prunethem.Notlessdiligence
    didheuse,I amtold,
    towardsothers dependenton him, advisingthem to
    eschewvice and avoid the talk of the vicious and

    dissolute,andto lay hold on virtue.

    Against avarice.
    His liberality.

    A7AINST
    that
    pest
    ofavarice
    with
    which
    so
    many
    are infected
    and diseased,
    even
    princes
    of
    the
    earth,this king Henry of whomwe speakwasmost
    wary andalert. For neitherby the splendidpresents
    givento him nor by the amplewealthwhichheowned
    washeeverentrapped
    into theunlawfullove of them,
    but wasmostliberalto the poor in lightening their
    wants; andenrichedvery manyotherswith greatgifts
    or offices,or at leastput all neediness
    far from them.
    Never did he oppresshis subjects with unreasonable

    exactionsasdo otherrulersandprinces,but behaving


    himselfamongthem like a kind father,relievedthem
    from his own resourcesin a most comelysort, and
    contentinghimselfwith whathe had,preferredto live
    uprightly amongthem,ratherthan that they should
    pinein poverty,troddendownby hisharshness.
    Now
    that he was content with his own substance and in no

    way covetedthat of others is shownby many true


    instances.Amongthem is this: a certaingreatlord
    offeredthe saidking a preciouscoverletfor the bed

    32

    TRANSLATION

    m hischamber,
    whichwasalloversetwithgoldnobles
    in greatnumber,
    andthenhesaid:'Beyou carefulof
    theseandtheirlike.' Butthemindofthekingthirsting
    ratherfor heavenly
    andspiritualthingsandmaking
    the things of earth of lessaccount,regardedlightly
    the gift.
    At anothertime whenthe executorsof his uncle, the
    most reverend lord cardinalthe bishop of Winchester

    cameto theking with a verygreatsum,namely^2000


    of gold to pay him, for his own uses,and to relieve
    the burdensand necessities
    of the realm,he utterly
    refusedthe gift, nor would receiveit by anymanner
    of means,saying: ' He was a very dearuncleto me
    and most liberal

    in his lifetime.

    The

    Lord

    reward

    him. Do ye with his goods as ye are bound: we will


    receive none of them.'

    The executors were amazed at

    this his saying,andentreatedthe king'smajestythat


    he would at leastacceptthat gift at their handsfor
    the endowment
    of his two collegeswhichhe hadthen
    newlyfounded,at Cambridge
    andEton. This petition
    andgift the king gladlyaccepted,
    andorderedthemto
    makethe gift to the saidcollegesfor the reliefof the
    soul of his said uncle; and they fulfilled the king's
    commandwith all speed.

    Moreover to showthe liberality for which with


    other virtues he wasdistinguished,to the confusion
    of avaricehe was very bountiful in his gifts, as his
    former servantsbore witness. For to one of his chap-

    lains he gave,on hearingthat he wasbusy repairing

    his priestlyvestments,
    more than ten changes
    of
    chasubles
    of his own silk for the sayingof masses
    in
    the church which that priest then held.

    TRANSLATION

    33

    At anothertime, hearingthat one of his servants


    had lost much of his substanceby theft, the king sent

    himin compensation
    for his losstwentynobles,
    advisinghim at thesametimeto be henceforth
    more
    carefulin keepinghis stuff, and not to takethe law
    of the thief. Seehow mercyand truth met together,
    how righteousness
    andpeacekissedeachother,in the
    personof our earthlyprince.O what lovingpity and
    pitiful love to be foundin a man!
    The sameprincewhenin the endhe lost both the
    realms,England and France,which he had ruled
    before,alongwith all his wealthand goods,endured
    it with no broken spirit but with a calmmind, making

    light of all temporalthings, if he might but gain


    Christ and things eternal.

    Not only in the distribution of seculargoodswas


    he bountiful, but alsoin conferringecclesiastical
    and
    spiritualbenefices
    he wasvery wary, thoughtful,and
    discreet,
    lestheshouldgivethemto unworthypersons,
    or,as touchedhimself,in an unworthy,! meana simon-

    iacal,way,as wasprovedin thosewhomhe did promote. From simonyhe wasalwaysfree. Having his
    eyesalwaysfixedon virtue, hewaswholly concerned
    to prefervirtuous men,and to thesehe wasgreatly
    attached.

    But moststronglywasthe saidking Henry moved


    by the passionof enkindledaffectionwhenhe saidto
    Master William Waynflete, the successorof the most
    renowned cardinal of Winchester:

    ' Receive the en-

    thronement of Winchester, so to be there as was the

    customofthebishops
    before
    you.Beyourdayslongin
    theland,andgrowandgoforwardin thepathof virtue.'

    34

    TRANSLATION

    With like bountydid he preferthe bishopsof


    Worcesterand of Chichestertogether, and many
    othersalso,as is sufficientlyknown.
    Also to enlargethe houseof GodandHis worship,
    in the time when he bore rule he founded

    the two

    noblecollegesbeforementioned,which he endowed
    with large landsand revenues,for the maintenance
    of poor scholarsnot a few; wherein not only are the
    divine offices celebrated daily in the most devout
    manner,to the praiseof Almighty God, but also scholastic teaching and the other arts pertaining thereto
    are constantlycarried on, to the increaseof knowledge.

    And for thebeginningandfoundationof thesetwo collegeshesoughtout everywhere


    the bestliving stones,
    that is,boys excellentlyequippedwith virtue and knowledge, and prieststo bearrule over the rest as teachers

    andtutors: andasconcerned
    the gettingof prieststhe
    king saidto him whom he employedin that behalf:
    ' I would

    rather

    have them

    somewhat

    weak in music

    than defectivein knowledgeof the scriptures.'And


    with regardto the boysor youthswhowerebroughtto
    him to beput to school,the king'swishwasthat they
    shouldbethoroughlyeducated
    andnourishedup both
    in virtue

    and in the sciences. So it was that whenever

    he met anyof them at timesin the castleof Windsor,


    whither they sometimes repaired to visit servantsof

    the king who were knownto them, and whenhe ascertainedthat they wereof his boys,hewould advise
    them concerningthe following of the pathof virtue
    and,with his words,would alsogive them moneyto
    attractthem, saying: ' Be you goodboys,gentleand
    teachable,and servantsof the Lord.' And if he disco-

    TRANSLATION

    35

    veredthat anyof themvisitedhis court,he sometimes


    restrainedthem with a rebuke,bidding them not do
    so again,lest his younglambsshouldcometo relish
    the corruptdeedsand habits of his courtiers,or lose
    partly or altogethertheir own good characters,
    like
    lambsor sheep,which,if they feedamongbriarsand
    thorns,tear their fleecesand oftentimeswholly lose
    them.

    "Thehumility of the king.

    WHEN
    speak
    ofthe
    great
    humility
    ofthis
    king,
    I wouldIhave
    you
    knowthathewasmosteminent
    for that virtue of humility. This piousprincewasnot
    ashamed
    to be a diligent serverto a priestcelebrating
    in his presence,and to make the responsesat the mass,
    as Amen,Sedlibera nos,and the rest. He did so commonly even to me, a poor priest. At table even when

    he took a slight refection,he would (like a professed


    religious)risequickly, observesilence,and devoutly
    give thanksto God standingon everyoccasion.Also
    on the testimonyof MasterDoctorTowne,he madea
    rule that a certain dish which represented the five
    wounds of Christ as it were red with blood, should be

    seton his tableby his almonerbeforeanyothercourse,


    whenhe wasto take refreshment:andcontemplating

    theseimageswith great fervourhe thankedGod


    marvellous devoutly.

    Again,oncewhenriding in astreetwhichlayoutside
    the graveyardto the eastof a certainchurch,wherein
    the pyx that hung over the altar did not containthe
    sacrament of the Eucharist, he on that account did

    36

    TRANSLATION

    not bare his head,as he was wont alwaysat other

    timesto do mostreverentlyin honourof thesacrament;andwhenmanyof hislordsandnobleswondered


    thereat,hegavethem hisreason,saying:'I knowthat
    my Lord JesusChrist is not there for me to do so in
    His honour.' And it was found to be so as he had said.

    Nay, thosewho werehis privy servantssaythat the


    king often sawour Lord JesuspresentingHimself in
    human

    form in the sacrament of the altar in the hands

    of the priest.

    It was alsohis customof his very greathumility


    and devotionto bear in his ownhandsa greattaper
    on the eve and at the season of the Lord's
    for his reverence

    resurrection

    and belief in the same.

    Thehumility of theking.

    FURTHER
    his
    humility
    inhis
    his
    clothesandof
    other
    apparelin
    of his
    hisbearing,
    body, in
    speechand many other parts of his outwardbehaviour;-it is well knownthat from his youth up he
    alwaysworeround-toedshoesandbootslike a farmer's.
    He alsocustomarilyworea long gownwith a rolled
    hoodlike a townsman,
    anda full coatreachingbelow
    hisknees,with shoes,bootsandfoot-gearwhollyblack,
    rejectingexpresslyall curiousfashionof clothing.
    Alsoat the principalfeastsof theyear,but especially
    at those when of custom he wore his crown, he would

    alwayshaveput on hisbarebodya roughhairshirt,that

    byitsroughness
    hisbodymightberestrained
    fromexcess,
    or moretruly that all prideandvainglory, suchas

    isaptto beengendered
    bypomp,mightberepressed.

    TRANSLATION

    37

    His work and pursuits.


    S concerningthe employmentsof the king and
    howwell he passedhis daysand his time, it is
    well knownto manyyet alive that he usedwholly to
    devotethe high days and Sundaysto hearingthe
    divine office and to devout prayer on his own behalf

    and his people's,lest his enemiesshouldscorn his


    sabbaths;
    andhewasearnest
    in trying to induceothers
    to do the like.

    So that some who were once attendant

    on him declarethat hiswholejoy and pleasure


    wasin

    thedueandrightperformance
    of the praiseof God
    andof divineservice.The otherdaysof lesssolemnity
    he passednot in slothor vanities,not in banquetings
    or drunkenness,not in vain talk or other mischievous

    speechor chatter(all suchhe everavoidedin hislifetime andindeedusedbut verybrief speech,


    of words
    tending to edificationor profitableto others), but
    such days he passednot lessdiligently either in treat-

    ing of the businessof the realmwith his councilas


    needmight require,or in readingof the scripturesor
    of authors and chronicles. Such witness of him was

    borne by an honourable knight who was once his

    mosttrusty chamberlain,Sir RichardTunstall, who


    gavethis testimonyof him both in speechand in
    writing: ' His delightwasin the law of the Lord by

    dayandbynight.' And to provethis,theLordKing


    himselfcomplained
    heavilyto me in his chamberat

    Eltham,whenI wasalonetherewith himemployed


    togetherwith him uponhis holybooks,andgiving
    earto hiswholesome
    adviceand the sighsof'his most
    deep devotion. There cameall at oncea knock at the

    38

    TRANSLATION

    king'sdoorfroma certain
    mightydukeof therealm,
    andthe king said:'They dosointerruptmethat byday
    or night I canhardlysnatcha momentto berefreshed
    by readingof anyholy teachingwithout disturbance.'

    A like thing to this happened


    onceat Windsor
    when I was there.

    Further, to confirm his notable devotion to God,

    manywhoyet surviveandwereonceof hishousehold


    saythat he waswont almostat everymomentto raise
    his eyes heavenwardlike a denizen of heavenor one

    rapt, beingfor the time not consciousof himselfor


    of those about him, as if he were a man in a trance

    or on the verge of heaven:havinghis conversation


    in heaven,accordingto that word of the apostle: 'Our
    conversation

    is in heaven.'

    His oath,

    A .SO
    he
    would
    never
    use
    any
    other
    oath
    toofconfirm
    hisown
    truthful
    speech
    than
    theuttering
    these
    ' Forsotheand forsothe,'to certify thoseto
    whomhespokeof whathe said. Soalsohe restrained
    many both gentle and simplefrom hard swearing
    either by mild admonitionor harsh reproof; for a
    words :

    swearer was his abomination.

    When he hearda greatlord who washis chamberlain

    suddenlybreakout and swearbitterly, he sternlyrebukedhim, saying:'Alas! you,that arelord of a great


    household,when you utter oaths like this contrary to

    God's commandment,
    give a most evil exampleto

    your servants
    andthosethatareunderyou,for you
    provokethem to do the like.'

    TRANSLATION

    39

    His pitifulnessand patience.

    OFcompassion
    the
    patience
    ofthis
    and
    his
    most
    kind
    which
    heking
    showed
    throughout
    his
    life to themthat sinnedagainsthim, while he wasin

    power,manythingsmaybe relatedwith all truth.


    First; oncewhen he was coming down from St
    Albansto LondonthroughCripplegate,he sawover
    the gatetherethe quarterof a man on a tall stake,
    and asked what it was. And when his lords made

    answerthat it wasthe quarterof a traitor of his,who


    had been falseto the king's majesty, he said: 'Take

    it away.I will not haveanyChristianmansocruelly


    handledfor my sake.' And the quarterwasremoved
    immediately. He that saw it bearswitness.

    Again, four noblesof high birth wereconvictedof


    treasonand of the crime of lese-majeste
    'and were
    legallycondemned
    thereforby the judgesto suffera
    shamefuldeath.These he compassionately
    released,
    anddeliveredfrom that bitter death,sendingthe writ
    of hispardonfor their deliveryto the placeof execution by a swift messenger.
    To otherthreegreat lords of the realmwho conspiredthe deathof thisking (orconspired
    in the king's
    troubles)and assembledan innumerablehostof armed

    men,aimingambitiouslyto securethe kingly power,


    as manifestlyappearedafterwards,the king showed
    no less mercy: for he forgaveall, both the leaders

    andthemenunderthem,whattheyhadmaliciously
    designedagainsthim,providedtheysubmittedthemselves to him.

    TRANSLATION

    Like compassion
    he showedto manyothers,and
    especially
    to twowhowerecompassing
    hisdeath; one
    of whom gavehim a severewoundin the neck,and
    would have brained him, or cut off his head; but the

    king took it mostpatiently,saying:' Forsotheand


    forsothe,ye do fouly to smytea kyngeenoyntedso.'
    The othersmotehim in the sidewith a daggerwhen
    he washeld prisoner in the Tower, and after the deed,

    believingthat he had killed the king with hiswicked


    blow,.and fearing to be taken,fled with all speed;
    but was caughtand brought beforehim, when the
    king,nowrecovered,
    andsetfreefrom thatprison,and
    once more by the favour and act of God raised to the

    kingly dignity without a battle aftera long courseof


    exile and imprisonment,pardonedhim of his great
    clemency,
    as he did alsohis aforesaidpersecutor.
    So the former servantsof this king declarethathe
    never would that any person,howeverinjuriousto
    him, should ever be punished: and this is plain in the

    caseof manyto whomhewasexceeding


    graciousand
    merciful; for he wasbecomean imitator of Him who

    saith,' I will havemercy'and' I will not thedeathof a


    sinner but rather that he should turn and live,' who

    also,asthe apostlesaith,'desiredthe salvationof all


    men.' Nor is this to be wondered at: for in his soul
    there was not even that vain satisfaction which hunters

    take in capturingbeasts,-a misplacedpleasure:he


    did not care to seethe creature,when taken, cruelly

    deniedwith slaughter,norwould he evertakepartin


    the killing of an innocentbeast.
    But what need of more?

    It is certain that the men

    amongwhomandtowards
    whomthekingwassokind

    TRANSLATION

    41

    andmercifulprovedat thelastwhollyungrateful
    to
    him, as the Jewsto Christ. For whereas
    God'sright
    hand had raisedhim to so glorious a place,these
    [murderousones],ashasbeensaid,conspiringtogether

    with savage
    rage,deprivedeventhismostmerciful
    king of his royal power,and drove him from his
    realmandgovernance;
    andaftera long time spentin
    hiding in secretplaceswhereinfor safety'ssakehe
    wasforced to keepclose,he was found and taken,
    broughtasa traitor and criminalto London,and imprisonedin theTowerthere;where,like atruefollower
    of Christ,he patientlyenduredhunger,thirst,mockings,derisions,abuse,and manyotherhardships,
    and
    finally suffereda violent death of the body that others

    might, aswasthen the expectation,


    peaceably
    possess
    thekingdom. But hissoul,aswepiouslybelieveupon
    the evidence
    of the longseriesof miraclesdonein the
    placewherehisbodyis buried,livethwith Godin the
    heavenlyplaces,whereafterthetroublesof thisworld
    he rejoicethwith the just in the eternalcontemplation
    of Godandin the steadof this earthlyandtransitory
    kingdomwhereofhe patientlyborethe loss,he now
    possessethone that endureth for ever.

    The revelations shown to him.

    FURTHERMORE
    I think
    itwhich
    not
    well
    pass
    over the heavenly mysteries
    wereto
    shown
    to this king.

    Whenhe wasimprisonedin the Towerof London,


    a certain chaplainof his asked him, about the time of

    42

    TRANSLATION

    thefeastof Easter,howhissoulagreed
    at thatmost
    holyseason
    with thetroublesthatpressed
    uponhim
    andsosprouted
    forththathecouldbynomeans
    avoid
    them.Thekinganswered
    in these
    words:' Thekingdom of heaven,
    unto whichI havedevotedmyself
    alwaysfrom a child,do I callandcryfor. For this
    kingdomwhichis transitoryandof the earthI do
    not greatly care. Our kinsmanof March thrusts him-

    selfinto it asis hispleasure.


    Thisonethingonlydo
    I require,to receivethe sacrament
    at Easter,andthe

    ritesof the churchon MaundyThursdaywith'the


    rest of Christendom,asI am accustomed.'And for the

    much devotionwhichhealwayshadto Godand His


    sacraments,it seemsnot unsuitable that he should often

    havebeenenlightened
    by heavenlymysteries
    andcom-

    fortedthereby
    in hisafflictions.
    Heisreported
    bysome
    in .his confidence,to whom he was used to reveal his
    secrets,to haveoften seenthe Lord Jesusheld in the

    handsof the celebrantandappearing


    to himin human
    form at the time of the Eucharist.Again,when he
    was at Waltham he told some one privately (though

    othersalsostanding
    behindhim heardit) of a repeated
    revelation

    from

    the Lord

    vouchsafed

    to him

    three

    yearsrunningat that feastof St Edwardwhichfalls


    on the vigil of the Epiphany,of the gloryof theLord

    appearing
    in humanform,of His crown,
    andof avision
    of the assumption
    of the BlessedMary both corporal
    andspiritual.
    Also there is the matter of the absenceof the sacra-

    ment from the pyx whenhe rodeby a certainchurch-

    yard,onaccount
    of whichherefrained
    fromhiswonted
    reverenceto the sacrament,as is told above.

    TRANSLATION

    43

    Also in the extremepressureof his wars in the


    partsof the North, it is told by somewho camefrom
    that region,that whentherewasfor a time a scarcity
    of breadamonghis fellow-soldiers
    andtroops,out of
    a smallquantityof wheat,breadwasso multiplied by
    his meritsand prayersthat a sufficiencyand evena
    superfluitywasforthcomingfor all of his whosought
    and askedfor it, whereasthe rest that were opposed
    to him had to suffer from lack of meat.

    Moreover,afterthehorrid andungratefulrebellion
    of his subjectshad continueda long time, and after
    theserebelshadfoughtmanyhardbattlesagainsthim,
    he fled at lastwith a few followersto a secretplace
    preparedfor him by thosethat werefaithful to him.
    And, as he lay hid there for sometime, an audible
    voicesoundedin his ears for someseventeendays
    beforehe wastaken,telling him how he shouldbe
    deliveredup by treachery,and brought to London
    without all honour like a thief or an outlaw, and led

    throughthe midstof it, andshouldenduremanyevils


    devisedby the thoughtsof wicked men,andshould
    be imprisonedtherein the Tower: of all which he was

    informedbyrevelation
    fromtheBlessed
    VirginMary
    and SaintsJohn Baptist, Dunstan,and Anselm (whose

    consolations
    he did then asat other timesenjoy)and
    wastherebystrengthened
    to bearwith patiencethese
    and like trials.

    But when he told

    this to some of his

    people,
    andnamely
    to MastersBedonandMannynge,
    theywereincredulous
    andbelieved
    it not,butthought
    all to be but vain wanderings
    until the eventassured
    them of the truth.

    It is alsosaidthatwhenthekingwasshutup in

    44

    TRANSLATION

    theTowerhesawawomanon hisright hand(orout


    of his window)trying to drowna little child,and
    warnedher by a messenger
    not to commitsucha
    crimeandsin, hatefulto God; and she,rebukedby
    this reproof,desistedfrom the deedshehad begun.
    Also, whenthis king Henry wasaskedduring his

    imprisonment
    in the Towerwhy he hadunjustly
    claimedand possessed
    the crownof Englandfor so
    manyyears,he would answerthus: ' My fatherwas
    king of England,andpeaceably
    possessed
    the crown
    of Englandfor the wholetime of his reign. And his
    father and my grandfatherwas king of the same
    realm. And I, a child in the cradle,waspeaceably
    and
    without anyprotestcrownedandapprovedasking by
    the wholerealm,andworethecrownof Englandsome

    fortyyears,andeach
    andall of mylordsdid meroyal
    homageand plightedme their faith,aswasalsodone
    to other my predecessors.
    WhereforeI too cansay
    with the Psalmist:

    The

    lot is fallen unto me in a fair

    ground:yea,I havea goodlyheritage.For my right


    helpis of the Lord, whopreserveth
    themthat aretrue
    of heart.'
    Praise be to God.

    [ 45 ]

    NOTES

    THE
    style
    and
    literary
    ability
    ofJohn
    Blacman
    must
    be rated
    very
    low.
    In translating
    him one
    is forced
    to
    neglecthis use of particles and tensesin Borderto producea
    tolerablesense.He usesthe pluperfectapparentlyasanequivalent of the preterite, and beginssentenceswith undewhere
    undehas no meaningat all. There is no shapeor proportion
    in the compositionof his tract as it stands.At the end of the
    sectionon Pietaset patientiahecomesto a dignifiedclose,but
    immediatelycontinueswith a chapteron Revelationes
    which,
    one would think, ought not to have been an afterthought.
    This chapter ends in mid-air; there is no kind of finality
    about it. It must be either unfinished by the author or mutilated (as Hearne conjectured).If mutilated, political considerationsmay have been responsible,for the subjectof the
    last paragraphis the questionof Henry's right to the crown
    (andnot any revelationvouchsafedto him); and I seesigns
    that the tract waswritten beforethe accessionof Henry VII,

    in the vagueness
    of suchallusionsto thereigningsovereign
    asare to be found in it. The clause' propter regnum,ut tune
    sperabatur,ab aliis pacificepossidendum'is the most overt of
    these,and no one can saythat it is too explicit. The next
    sentencespeaksof the long seriesof miracles done where
    Henry's body is buried. This may mean that the body is still
    at Chertsey, though in after years miracles occurred at
    Windsor.

    It will be remembered

    that Richard III

    transferred

    it hastilyfrom Chertseyto Windsor because


    the reportsof the

    miraclesweretestifyingto a growth of interestin thegood


    king which wasnot healthy for the dynastyof York.

    Soalsoin the prologue,


    Blacmanwill not dwelluponthe
    descent,
    the coronation,and soon, of Henry,because
    these

    46

    NOTES

    thingsareknownto everyone
    andbecause
    of hissubsequent
    fall. The latteristhemorecogent
    reason.
    To what has been-said of Hearne's connexion with the

    book,it maybeaddedthat in theneweditionof hisCollections

    (Oxf.Hist.Soc.
    vol.x. p.442)hetellsusunderdateJuly31,
    1731,that "Mr West latelymet with a smallPamphletin
    4' boundup with theArminianNunnery,atLittle Gidding,
    and intituled ' Collectarium mansuetudinum(etc.).' 'Tis

    printedin the oldblackLetterby Cowpland,


    with thefigure
    of a king in his Robes....1 do not rememberto haveeverseen

    this Book. Archbishop


    UsherhadseenJohnBlacman's
    MSS
    Collections
    wcbprobablycontained
    a greatmanyotherthings
    relatingto theCarthusians
    andtheirBenefactors..
    .(HenryVI)
    was a pious, tho' very weak Prince. The Carthusianshad

    mostdeservedly
    a greatopinionof him,...anddidwhat they
    could for his honour."

    I think Hearneis mistakenaboutUssher,who doesno more


    than quote a passage
    from Blacmanin his Historia Dogmatica
    (Opp. XII. 363).
    It may further be remarked that Holinshed and other
    chroniclersmakesmallextractsfrom Blacmanwithout naming
    their source. I havenot discoveredwho is actually the earliest
    writer to cite him : but Hall (1548) doesnot appearto doso.
    p. 4. quidamAngltie reverendus
    antistes.This bishopwho

    wasHenry'sconfessor
    for ten yearsI suppose
    to havebeen
    William Ayscough,
    bishopof Salisbury
    1438-1450,
    whowas
    much in Henry's confidence.It is remarkedin the Diet. Nat.
    Biog. that it was"a novelty in those daysfor a bishopto be
    a king's confessor."

    p. 6. missalia,oracula.I take thesewordstogetherand


    regardthemasa 'refined'wayof saying'orationesin missa"
    or the like.

    sancttecrucissignorumseriemfn corona.Thesecrosses
    on the

    ring of the crownareseenalternatingwith fleurdelysin the


    (earlyxvith century)representation
    of Henryin paintedglass
    in the Hacomblenchantry in King's CollegeChapel.

    NOTES

    47

    p. 8. Frandsci Petrarchts. This, Blacman's one literary


    quotation,is a garbledone from Petrarch'sDe fita Solitaria,
    lib. n. sect. vi. c. I.

    p. 9. "Jaspere
    et Edmundo.The sonsof Owen Tudor by
    Katherine, widow of Henry V.
    p. IO. cardinaliset ephcopi
    Winton. Cardinal Beaufort, d.
    ii April 14.47. The gift to Eton and King's was in fact
    madeby a codicil to the cardinal's will executed two days
    beforehis death. SeeMaxwell Lyte, Eton College,p. 27.
    p. II. decemmutatoria casularia. I supposethis to mean
    enoughsilk to maketen or more sets of mass-vestments
    for
    a singlepriest.
    Episcopos
    Wurcestriaet Cestriie. Chesterhad no bishoptill
    1541. Chichestermust be meant. The bishopwas doubtless
    AdamMoleyns 1445-50,andheof WorcesterJohn Carpenter
    1443-76. Both appearin the king's will as his feoffeesfor
    Eton and King's.
    p. 12. This is the most interesting page of the tract to
    those who have enjoyed King Henry's bounty. A happy
    thought has of recentyearsdictatedthe useof his words Sitis
    bompueri and the rest on the occasionof the admissionof the
    new King's Scholarsat Eton.

    p. 13. Sedliberanos.It isat thispoint in theLord'sPrayer


    that the congregationresponds,at the end of the Prayer of
    Consecration(or Canon) of the Roman Mass.
    magistro
    doctoreTown. William Towne wasscholarof Eton
    in 1443, and passedon to King's. He died in 1484: his
    chantry and brassare in oneof the side-chapels
    on the N. of
    King's College Chapel.
    quidamdiscus.It is not clearto me whethera pieceof plate
    representingthe Five Wounds in enamelis meant, or some
    edible 'subtilty': probablythe former.

    p. 14. cumcapucio
    rotulato.Perhaps
    a hoodwith a liripip
    (i.e. tapering into a tail) is meant.

    caligas,acreas,calceos:
    foot-gearfor walking, riding and
    indoor userespectively.
    p. 15. dominusRicardusTunstall. Sir Richard Tunstall of

    4 '

    NOTES

    Thurlandin Westmorland
    (orLancashire)
    appears
    frequently
    in thePatentRollsetc.of HenryVI, Edward
    IV andHenry
    VII. Under EdwardIV his landsare naturallygrantedto
    otherpeopleandhe is attainted.In 1470,at Henry'srestoration,he is 'king's chamberlain'(Cal. Pat. R. p. 227).
    UnderHenry VII he is in favourandholdsmanyimportant
    posts.

    An entryin William Worcester's


    Annals(Rolls,Warsof
    theEnglishin France,II. pt. 2 [785]), wronglyprinted,is of
    interesthere. Under 1464he writes: " MenseJulii, dolo cujusdarn monachiAbendoniae,rex Henricus in comitatuLancastriaecapitur per quendamJohannemTalbois et Ricardum

    Tunstallemilites,ibidemcaptusevasit.Dictusque
    rex Henricusunacummonacho
    ThomaMannynget Bedone
    doctore
    .. .versus
    Londoniamadducebatur
    etc." We shouldcertainly
    read 'et Ricardus

    T.

    miles...evasit.'

    Tunstall wasafterwardstaken in Wales by Lord Herbert,


    and confinedin the Tower, but soonpardoned(Warkeworttfs
    Chron.Camd. Soc.p. 43).
    Another entry (Three Fifteenth Cent. Chronicles,
    Camden
    Soc. p. 80) says:
    " Kynge Harry wastakein the northecentre,andii doctors
    with him, the whiche wer called Doctor Mannynge and
    Doctor Beden,the whiche wereall thre brought to London."
    On the whole episodeseeSir J. H. Ramsay,Lancasterand
    York, II. 316.
    What follows in the text is Tunstall's story. Blacmanadds
    that he himself

    witnessed a similar occurrence.

    p. 17. I do not know that the four noblesor the three


    greatlords who were pardoned
    can be certainlyidentified.
    Nor is it plain whether the first of the two menwho wounded
    him attacked

    him when confined

    in the Tower.

    p. 18. isti'priales.Blacmanintendsa wordof thesense


    of
    ' parricidiales.' But either he or the printer hasgonewrong.

    p. 19. ex miracularum
    ubi corpus
    ejushumaturdiutinacontinuatione.
    A largecollectionof Henry'smiracles
    is preserved
    in two MSS,Royal13. c. viii. and Harley423. The latter

    NOTES

    49

    is a partialcopyof the former.Seea specialnoteon them


    below.

    Cognatus
    nosterdeMarchia, i.e. Edward IV, Earl of March.

    p. 2O.in festoS. Edwardietc.The depositio


    of S. Edward
    the Confessorwhich falls on 5 January.
    voxcorporalis.Probablymeansa voiceaudibleto the bodily
    senses.

    p. 21. magistris
    Bedonit Mannynge.
    On thesecompanions
    of HenryVI at hiscaptureseeabovein thenoteon Tunstall.
    JohnBedon,clerk,receives
    a generalpardonfrom Edward
    IV in 1467(Cal. Pat. R. p. u). Holinshed and thosewho

    copyhimcallhim Bedle.He maybe the John Bedonwho


    took a B.D. degreeat Oxford in 1455. Thomas Mannynge,
    though calleda monk by Will. Worcester,seemsundoubtedly
    to bethe man who was deanof Windsor from 1452to 1462,
    andis indicted(i Ed. IV, Rot. Parl. v. p. 477 etc.) of treason
    in the first year of Edward IV: he is describedaslate of New
    Windsor in Berkshire,clerk. On Nov. 7, 1465, he has a
    generalpardonfor all offencesup to the 26th of August previous. Earlier, in 1451 (Aug. 24) when Henry VI grants
    him the prebendof Nassingtonin Lincoln cathedral, he is
    describedasthe king's clerk and chaplain.

    On 29 Nov. 1469heis dead;the king is informedby his


    executor that Thomas was in debt and indigent in his life,
    and had made forfeiture to the king, so that a licenceto administer was necessary.

    The Rev.J. N. Dalton,Canonof Windsor,haskindly informedme that no recordsin the possession


    of the Dean and
    Chapterof Windsor throw light on Dean Mannynge's life.
    a dextra ma. Corrupt: I supposethe meaning to be that
    the king sawthe womanout of his window: cameraorfenatra
    is wanted.

    NOTES

    I. A PRAYER

    TO HENRY

    VI IN ENGLISH

    VERSE.

    AN Englishprayerin verseto Henry VI from a Primerof


    1408 (in which it has been inserted on the flyleaf) in the

    Library of St Cuthbert'sCollege,Ushaw,wasprintedin the


    UshawMagazine
    of 1902,p. 279. I havethekindpermission
    of the authoritiesto quote it here:
    O blyssedking so full of vertue

    The flowr of all knyghthoodthat neverwasfyled


    Thou pray for us to Christe Jhesu
    And to hys modyr Mary myld

    In all thi warkysthu wasneverwyld


    Bott full of graceand of charyte
    Mercyfull ever to man and chylde
    Now sweyt kyng Henre pray for me.
    O crownyd kyng with sceptur in hand

    Most nobyllconqueror
    I maytheecall
    For thou hastconquerydI undyrstand
    A hevynly kyngdome most imperyall
    Hwar joye haboundethand graceperpetuell
    In presensof the holy Trenite
    Off wych gracethou makeme parcyall
    Now swet kyng Henre praye for me.
    All Apostelsand Patriarchsshall thee honor
    Martyrs and Confessorswith all their delygens
    And eke Virgynes in the hevynly towr
    Ar glad and joyfull of thi presens
    Angelys and Archangelyswith ample(?)reverence
    Schall mynystyr and (giftes?)bryng (?)to the
    The well of pety and of pacyens
    Now swet kyng Henre prayefor me.
    Thy prayer I trust is herd in hevyn
    With the Fadyr omnipotent
    Now blyssydbe thy name to nemyne
    For ever att neyd thou art present

    NOTES

    51

    In trowbyll or payn wen I am schent


    Or standin warelyjuberte
    Thy socurto me full son thu sentt
    Now sweyt kyng Henre praye for me.
    Thy trowblas life and grett vexacion
    With pacyensthat thu had therein
    And thi constansin contemplacion
    Has mad the hevyn for to wyne

    Thy settis ordenydwith seraphyn


    As langhyght((be)longeth)
    to thi regalyte
    With mor melodythan I can myn
    Now swet kyng Henre prayefor me.
    O blessydkyng so graciosand gud
    Thou pray to sett this reme in rest
    Unto our Saveyourthat dyed on roud

    Andto hysmodyrthat madynblessyd


    That alkyn wrangysmay be redressyd
    To plesorof the Deyte
    Thys I besechat my request
    Now swet kyng Henre praye for me.
    II.

    ON

    THE

    MANUSCRIPT
    HENRY

    MIRACLES

    OF

    VI.

    THEREare two manuscriptsof these Miracles, both in the

    BritishMuseum.The first (Royal13.c. viii.) is theparent


    of the other (Harley 423).
    13. c. viii. is on paper, a fairly well written volume of
    cent, xv-xvi. It hasthe namesof Abp Cranmer(Tho. Cant.)
    and Lord Lumley.
    It contains:

    I. Letter from the Compiler.

    In ChristoIhesusalutemplurimam.Cumacceperis
    epistolam
    hanc,magistervenerande...?rfs:
    huiusfructiferi palmitis
    Christ! botrisexpenderenon cessabo.Vale et oraut tecum
    in eternum valeat tuus et orator et socius cuius nomen est

    in libro vite. No proper name occurs.

    NOTES

    2. f. I b. Salutacio
    gloriosimilitis Christi henriciregisAnglic
    sexti cum oraciuncula

    brevi.

    Saluemilespreciose

    rex henricegenerose

    Palmes vitis celice

    In radice caritatis

    vernans flore sanctitatis

    Viteque angelice

    Salueflosnobilitatis

    lauset honordignitatis

    seu coroneregie

    Pie paterorphanorum
    Robur

    verasaluspopulorum

    et ecclesie

    Salueformapietatis

    exemplar
    humilitatis

    Decus innocencie

    Vi oppressisvel turbatis
    Scolapaciencie
    Saluefax supernelucis
    Illustrantur undique

    mestisatquedesolatis

    Dum virtutelucisvere

    meruistiprefulgere

    per quam serui summi ducis

    Tantis signisgrade

    Saluequemrexseculorumchorisiungens
    angelorum
    Ciuem fecit patrie
    Te laudarecupientes
    hac ut sempersint fruentes
    Tecum vita glorie. Amen.

    fen. Veniantadte qui detrahebant


    tibi. Et adorentvestigia
    pedumtuorum.
    Qracio. Saluset saluatoromnium in te credencium,piissime
    domine Ihesu Christe,qui dilectum famulum tuum regem
    henricum sextum variis tribulacionum pressurisopprimi
    voluisti, ut ex eius pacientissimeet innocentissimevite
    meritis quasiquibusdambotris uberrimiscopiosatue grade

    dulcedoper miraculorumgloriamdistillaretin plebem:


    largire,quesumus,
    eosomnesqui tante eiusgloriecongratulantes
    autilium propterte autin illo te pociusglorificandodignisgestiuntcollaudare
    preconiis
    ipsiusbeatitudinis
    consorciumet hie habereper meritum et in futuro consequi
    per effectum: qui cum deo patre et spiritu sanctoviuis et
    gloriaris deusper omnia seculaseculorum. Amen.

    3. f. 16. Exemplarepistolea pauperculo


    quodammonacho

    NOTES

    53

    olim directead preclarumvirum d. JohannemMorgan1


    tunedecanum
    capellecollegialis
    castrideWyndesore,
    modo
    veto episcopumtneneuensem
    cum infrascriptisquibusdam
    beati regishenrici miraculis.

    Eternamin ChristoIhesuquamsibimetsalutemcum
    reverencia
    special!
    tantovirodignissima
    etc. RichardCombe
    had brought to the writer of the letter 'exemplariaquedam
    pulcerrima*of Henry's miracles,in English,with a request
    from a Bishop that he would translatethem into Latin.

    4. f. 3 b. Anotherletter fromthe Deanof Windsor.Indeficientisvotiua salutis preconia. tuas etenim, virorum con-

    templatissime,
    suauissimas
    kalendisjanuariianimoquidem
    gratissimo
    recepilitteras.Giveshisconsentto the translation of the Miracles. Scriptum apud Regale castrum

    Wynsor'stilorudissime
    profluente
    4 NonasJanuarii.
    Hec tibi describens
    tuus est ad vota Johannes.
    5. f. 4 b. Prologue. Solet plerumque lassascentistomacho
    obesse
    dapiumplenitudo.
    Among other matters he apologizesfor styling Henry
    beatissimus,sanctissimus, and so forth.

    6. f. 6. Capitula(28).
    7. f. 7. Text. Annotatur hiequaliter puer quidambis biennis
    in molendinoaquaticosubmersus
    fuerat(et)adinuocacionem
    beati regishenrici resuscitatus
    a mortuis annodominice incarnacionis1481. qui erat annus regni Edwardi quarti
    regisfamosissimivicesimusprimus. Et primo ponitur exordium breue et deinde narracio subinfertur.

    Quiasacrodictanteeloquio
    sacramentumregisabscondere
    bonum esse didicimus

    etc.

    There are variousmarginal notesin a large hand,on the


    proofsof the Miracles, e.g.:

    f. 8. WestwelCancie,probatum:gb somerseschyr'
    non reperitur:

    10 savernak Foreste non inuenitur:

    11 Examinentur

    Thomas hayward,JohannesParmyter,D. Wyllelmus


    Edwardes: lib Holyngton Sowthsexprobatum.
    1 Morgan wasdeanof Windsor1484-96: bpof S. David's1496-1504.

    54

    NOTES

    After cap.28 (f. 26) is a slipwith a noteon Capitulaof

    Lib. ii: f. 27 Capitula


    (58)of Lib. n.
    Slip,with title of Prologue:In miraculaquedamfamosiora et euidencioraquibusillustrissimumvirum Henricum
    regem Anglie sextum diuina decorauitclemencia,que et

    infra bienniumposteius in ecclesiacollegialicastride


    Wynsore tumulacionem ibidem manifestata noscuntur
    pretitulatur hie prologus.

    The samein a shorterformin thelowermarginof f. 30.


    f. 30. Lib. II. Prol. Quantaex florigerodiuineplenitudinis
    agro, etc.

    On f. 32 the capitulaare continued,from 59 to 67. A


    blank unnumbered

    leaf follows.

    The text proceedsto cap. 30 (de calice et portiforio).


    (Here the other copy, Harl. 423, ends; its last leaf is a
    fragment.) Then follow 11 blank pages:then a slip (recto
    blank) numbered148, which hasthe beginningof cap.67.
    The text then continueson ff. 59-85.
    The miraclesup to this point arevariouslyandirregularly
    numbered : there seem to be about 40,

    Then follows a list of 24 miracles,and text; then on


    f. 101a list of 13 miracles,followedby text. At the end
    of the last is: -1500'

    There is someground for thinking that this volumewas


    utilized, or to be utilized, for the processof the canoniza-

    tion of Henry VI whichprovedabortive.


    The other MS Harl. 423 is of cent, xvi early,andoccu-

    piesff. 72-128in oneof Foxe'svolumes.It is plainlya


    copyof the first partof the RoyalMS.

    NOTES
    III.

    55

    ON JOHN BLACMAN'S BOOKS.

    THE following lists are found in MS. Laud. Misc. 154, in


    the Bodleianlibrary, one on a flyleaf, the other-somewhat
    mutilated-in the lower marginof a leaf. The first enumerates
    the whole contentsof eachvolume, the secondgivesthe title
    of onetract only, but suppliesthe openingwordsof the second
    leaf of eachvolume, the usual medievalexpedientfor identifying a book.
    I combinehere the data of the two lists,calling the list on

    theflyleafA andthat on thelowermarginB.


    The MS in which they occuris a volumeof Nic. deLyra's

    commentary
    on theBible: and list B beginsby describing
    it.
    (B) i. Liber domusbeatevirginisde Witham Cartusiensis
    ex donomagistri JohannisBlacman.

    (A) Lyra: Genesis...Job.


    This ii MS. Laud. Misc. 154.
    (B) 2, 3. cum duobuscomparibus:primi 2 fo. cogniciointellectiua. 2 fo. secundi et cetera Ro.

    sed pro ligatura et illuminacionedomussoluit xs et vjd.


    (A) 2. Lyra: Psalterium-Prov.-Ecclus. Isa.-Malachias.
    i, 2 Mace.

    3. Lyra: Evv., Paul. Epp., Act., Cath. Epp. Apoc.


    capitulacionesepistolarum et euangeliorum secundum
    cartus".

    No. 2 is Laud. Misc. 152. No. 3 is not known.


    (B) 4. Item librum policronicon. 2 fo. adhibere.
    (A) 4. les pedegruesreg. angl. b.
    tabula noua policronici a.
    policroniconcestrense.

    No.4 is in EtonCollege
    Library MS. 204:formerlyAsbburnham
    Appendix105: thenbelonged
    to Mr George
    Dunn.
    (B) 5. Item Bartholomeus
    decasibus
    consciencie.
    2 fo.hie(?)
    suus(?)pars.
    (A) 5. magna carta
    Bartholomeus

    de casibus consciencie

    56

    NOTES
    principia et finesoriginalium librorum
    forma audiendi confessionetn

    tituli decretorum
    libri vjt' et dementis.
    (B) 6. Item librum vocatumlucernaconsciencie.2 fo. malarum ex.

    (A) 6. lucerna consciencie


    meditaciones

    Anselmi.

    credo

    ritmicacio tocius scripturesacre


    oracionesAnselmi ut apparet
    tractatus

    de virtutibus

    et viciis

    interrogacionesfori penitencialis
    Alfonsus

    contra iudeos.

    6. This is MS.

    Bad/. 801.

    (B) 7. Item librum sancti Thome de veritatibus. 2 fo. sic


    dicit dugustinus.
    (A) 7. SanctusThomas de veritatibus.
    tabula super eodem.

    7. This is MS. Harley 1032.


    (B) 8. Item Bibliam. 2 fo. damasci.
    (A) 8. interpretacionominum hebreorum
    biblia

    capitulacioepistolarumet euangeliorumper annum.


    (B) 9. Item magisterhistoriarum(sententiarum).2 fo. ptdito
    post.

    (A) 9. magistersententiarum
    theoricaplanetarum
    tituli

    eiusdem libri

    sententiarum

    Item in quibusnontenetur. (i.e.a list of thepassages


    in the Sentences
    whichwere considered
    unsound.}

    (B) 10. Item Crisostomus


    in opereimperfecto.2 fo. erat
    futurus.

    (A) 10. Crisostomus


    in opereimperfecto
    tabula eiusdem.

    (B) 11. Item vita Alexandrimagni. 2 fo. voluminis"


    que
    est po*.

    (A) 11. Defensorium


    logicaleOckam
    vita Alexandri magni

    NOTES

    57

    dialogusinter Mariam et Johannemeuangelistam


    Ysidorus de ciuitate (?unitate) dei
    Augustinusde uisionesancti Pauli apostoli
    de celebracionehorarum quidam processus
    Siluester de decimis

    leronimus de signisiudicii
    Marbodusepiscopus
    de vinculis beati Petri
    oraciodeuota: domineIhem Cbristt qui in hoc
    de uirtutibus

    fide dileccione

    et humilitate

    purgatoriumsancti Patricii {partly erased]


    Seneca de 4or virtutibus cardinalibus
    de beneficiis ad Liberalem libri 4
    de fortuitorum bonorum contemptu
    de remediis

    diffiniens

    fortuitorum

    virtut'

    et vie'

    regulabeati Benedict]'.

    (B) il. Item Aristotilesderegimineprincipum.2 fo. voluminis simul omnia.

    (A) 12. Aristotelesde regimine principum


    Gwydo de excidio Troianorum
    idem

    in metro.

    (B) 13. Item Anticlaudianus.3 fo. voluminisajfluit exundans.

    (A) 13. novapoetria Galfridi Anglici


    Anticlaudianus

    de restitucione.

    13. This is MS. Digby 104(part).


    (B) 14. Item librum distinccionum. 3 fo. quia sicut.
    (A) 14. notabilesdistincciones
    sermones dominicales.

    (B) 15. Item martilogium. 5 fo. voluminis Trone est en


    ancieme.

    (A) 15. tractatusgallicus


    Martilogium
    gestaKaroli in gallicis
    miracula beateMarie versificata(erased)
    miracula

    beate Marie

    rithmicata

    AlexanderNeckam Qui vult benedispanere

    58

    NOTES
    phale tolum

    deuotameditacioin anglicis
    thematafestiuitatumper annum

    tabulaconcordancie
    4oreuangelistarum
    epistoleet euangeliaper totum annum

    capitulaspeculimoralisGregorii
    canon pro predicatore

    speculummoraleGregorii.

    (B) 16. Itempastorale


    beatiGregorii.2 fo.pastoralis
    cure.
    (A) 16. Gregoriusin pastoralibus
    Anselmus

    de 12 beatitudinibus

    Anselmus

    de vanitate

    mundi

    quidam processus
    de Sacramento
    altaris
    Athanasiusde ymaginedomini Ihesu.

    (B) 17. Item gestaRomanorum.2 fo. tu es.


    (A) 17. gestaRomanorum
    regulabeati Augustini.
    (B) 18. Item vite sanctorum.2 fo. voluminisEt quodbonum.
    (A) 18. narracionesboneexemplace
    summamagistri J. Belet de officiisecclesie
    sermo bonus de libro consciencie

    compilaciobonade vitis sanctorum


    item de officiis ecclesie.

    (B) 19. Item tabulaPetriBlesensis.2 fo. voluminishuspita


    signabonus.
    (A) 19. reportoriumpoeticum
    lapidariuscum tractatu herbarum
    tabula epistolarum163 Blesensis

    exposicio
    notabilissuperBoeciumdeconsolacione
    ars conficiendi

    colores.

    (B) 20. Itemmeditaciones


    beatiBernard!.2 fo.voluminis
    de hits.

    (A) 20. moraliadictaoriginaliabona


    meditacionessanctiBernard! 13
    Anselmusde passioneChristi 3
    Anselmus de amore dei 42

    Augustinus
    deverainnocencia
    56

    NOTES

    59

    Augustinus de laude psalmorum loo.


    dutch Ihesu memoria.

    (B) 21. Item Boeciusde consolacionephilosophic. 2 fo.


    segftem necant.

    (A) 21. Boeciusde consolacione


    philosophic
    Galfridus in nouapoetria
    canon tabularum

    Rede.

    (B) 22. Itetnlibrum vocatumpharetra.2h.idemdeconiugiis.


    (A) 22. pharetra
    quindenariusGregorianus.
    (B) 23. Item repertoriumdiuersorum.2 fo. voluminis Incipientguerras.
    (A) 23. Commentaciones
    prophetiales
    liber facescie communis.

    Ex agroveteri(i.e.Matthew of ^endome's
    poemon
    Tobit)
    a chartuaryaftre penkarr
    tractatusde armis in anglicis
    disputaciointer corpuset animam
    processusde mundi vanitate

    quedamcommendacioartium liberalium
    utilis

    tractatus

    rethorice.

    Cirillus de transitu beati Jeronimi


    12. capitula Hampol
    Bernardusad Eugenium papam
    disputaciointer graciamet intellectual.
    (B) 24. alia manu. Item Lucidarium cum aliis. 2 fo. Ilia
    itaque.
    (A) 24. alia manu. Lucidari
    tractatus Petri Alfonsi clericalis disciplina
    tractatusde penitenciaRoberti Grostest
    tractatusinquirendi peccatain foro penitenciali
    diuersanotabilia de canonejuris.
    Another MS which does not occur in the above list is

    Lambeth 436, Horologium Sapientiae,of cent, xv, which

    hasin it: Liber cartusiede Witham. Orate pro Johanne


    Blacman.

    60

    NOTES

    MS. 182at S. John'sCollege,Oxford,containinglivesof


    saints,formerlybelonged
    to William andJohnBlacman.
    In LaudMisc.152,no.2 in thelist, dated1463,arethese
    doggerellines:
    Me dedit albus homo John Blacmanipse vocatus
    In presentedomo qui redditusestgraduatus
    Extitit Oxonie vir in artibusiste magister,
    Cantor et Etonie dignus dum rege minister
    Pro quo defuncto seu viuo quesoprecare
    P
    quicumquesolet celebrare
    Ut deushunc Hominem Nigrum cognominedictum
    Post vite finem del sumere lucis amictum.
    Amen.

    In list B the catalogueof booksis followedby a short note


    of vestmentsgiven by Blacman to Witham. The last item
    is interesting:
    Item circa diuersasreparacionesfactas in uita sancti

    Hugonis(thefounderofthehouse]
    in ecclesia
    de-lafFrery
    sumptus
    fert non exiguos.

    CAMBRIDGE
    I PRINTEDBVJ. B. PEACE,M.A., AT THE UNIVERSITY
    PRESS

    101202010085

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    LIBRARY

    John

    Henry the Sixth

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