Oliver Schulten

Mai 2012 Februar 2014

Kontakt: oliverschulten@web.de

Der ostafrikanische Sklavenhandel.

Eine Bibliographie.

Allgemeine Geschichte der Ostkste:

Ajayi, J.:
General History of Africa. Vol. VI: Africa in the Nineteenth Century until the 1880s.
S.: 79-99: The East African Coast and Hinterland, 1800-1880. Paris / Oxford / Berkeley
1998.
Alimen, H.:
The Prehistory of Africa. S.: 194-225: East Africa. London 1957.
Allen, J.:
Swahili Origins. London 1993.
Allen, J.; Wilson, T.:
From Zinj to Zanzibar: Studies in History, Trade and Society on the Eastern Coast of Africa.
Paideuma 28. Wiesbaden 1982.
Alpers, E.:
Gujarat and the Trade of East Africa, 1500-1800. In: International Journal of African
Historical Studies 9, 22-44. 1976.
Moqdiso in the 19th Century. In: International Journal of African Historical Studies 24, 441459. 1983.
East Africa and the Indian Ocean. Princeton 2009.
Alpers, E.; Ehret, C.:
Eastern Africa. In: Cambridge History of Africa 4, 469-536. Cambridge 1975.
Anene, J.:
The Omani Empire and Its Impact on East African Societies. In: Anene, J.; Brown, G.: Africa
in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, 440-457. Ibadan 1966.
Axelson, E.:
The Portuguese in South-East Africa 1600-1700. Johannesburg 1960.
The Portuguese in South-East Africa 1488-1600. Cape Town 1973.
Ayot, H.:
Topics in East African History, 1000-1976. Kampala 1976.
Aziz, E.:
Towards a History of Islam in East Africa. In: KHR 3, 147-158. 1975.
Beachey, R.:
The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century. In: Journal of African History 7/2.
1967.
A history of East Africa. 1592-1902. London/New York 1996.
Bennett, N.:
Studies in East African History. Boston 1963.

A History of the Arab State of Zanzibar. London 1978.

Arab versus European: Diplomacy and War in Nineteenth Century East Central Africa. New
York 1986.
Berg, F.:
The Swahili Community of Mombasa, 1500-1900. In: Journal of African History 9/1, 35-56.
1968.
Birmingham, D.; Gray, R.:
Pre-Colonial African Trade. Essays on Trade in Central and Eastern Africa before 1900.
London 1970.
Boahen, A.:
General History of Africa. Vol. VII: Africa under Colonial Domination 1880-1935. S.: 72-82:
African Initiatives and Resistance in East Africa, 1880-1914. Paris/London 1990.
Boxer, C.:
Fort Jesus and the Portuguese in Mombasa. London 1960.
Bradley, J.:
History of the Seychelles Islands. Port Victoria 1940.
Brett, E.:
Colonialism and Underdevelopment in East Africa 1919-1939. London 1973.
Brode, H.:
British and German East Africa. London 1911.
Burgh-Edwardes, S.:
The History of Mauritius, 1507-1914. London 1921.
Burke, E.:
African and Seychellois Socio-Cultural Ties, Mid-18th Century to Present Day. In: Hadith 6,
86-110. 1976.
Burton, A.; Charton-Bigot, H.:
Generations Past: Youth in East African History. University of Ohio 2010.
Chami, F.:
The Tanzanian Coast in the First Millennium AD. Uppsala 1994.
The First Millennium AD on the East Coast: a new look at the cultural sequence and
interactions. In: Azania 29/30, 232-237. 1995/1996.
Chami, F.; Msemwa, P.:
A new look at culture and trade on the Azanian Coast. In: Current Anthropology 38/4, 673677. 1997.
Chaudhuri, K.:

The Trading World of Asia and the English East African Company, 1660-1760. Cambridge
1978.
Chittick, N.:
Kilwa and the Arab Settlement of the East African Coast. In: Journal of African History 4/2,
179-190. 1963.
The Shirazi Colonization of East Africa. In: Journal of African History 6/3, 263-273. 1965.
The Coast of East Africa. In: Shinnie, P.: The African Iron Age, 108-141. Oxford 1971.
Kilwa: An Islamic Trading City on the East African Coast. 2 Bde. Nairobi 1974.
The East Coast, Madagascar and the Indian Ocean. In: Oliver, R.: Cambridge History of
Africa, Vol. 3, c. 1050-1600, S.: 183-231. Cambridge 1977.
Medieval Mogadishu. In: Paideuma 28, 45-62. 1982.
Chittick, N.; Rotberg, R.:
East Africa and the Orient. New York/London 1975.
Cole, S.:
The Prehistory of East Africa. London 1954.
Collins, R.; Burns, J.:
A History of Sub-Saharan Africa. S.: 96-113: East Africa and the Indian Ocean World.
Cambridge 2007.
Connah, G.:
African Civilizations. An Archaeological Perspective. S.: 181-222: The Edge or the Center:
Cities of the East African Coast and Islands. Cambridge 2001.
Unbekanntes Afrika. Archologische Entdeckungen auf dem Schwarzen Kontinent. S.: 161167: Angesichts zweier Welten Handelsniederlassungen an der Ostafrikanischen Kste.
Stuttgart 2006.
Coupland, R.:
East Africa and Its Invaders. Oxford 1938.
Datoo, B. :
Port Development in East Africa: Spatial Patterns from the Ninth to the Sixteenth Centuries.
Nairobi 1975.
Davidson, B. :
Eastern African History. New York 1964.
Delf, G.:
Asians in East Africa. London 1963.
Deschamps, H.:
Histoire de Madagascar. Paris 1960.
Diagram Group:
History of East Africa. New York 2003.
Doresse, J.:

Histoire sommaire de la Corne Orientale de lAfrique. Paris 1971.

Ehret, C.:
An African Classical Age. Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 BC to AD 400.
Oxford 1998.
The Civilizations of Africa. A History to 1800. S.: 275-284: Eastern Africa, 300-1450.
Charlottesville 2002.
Ehret, C.; Posnansky, M.:
Archaeological and Linguistic Reconstruction of East African History. Berkeley 1982.
El-Tahtany, H.:
Die Ausfuhrgter der ostafrikanischen Kste im Mittelalter. Wien 1972.
Freeman-Grenville, G.:
Medieval History of the Coast of Tanganyika. Oxford 1962.
The East African Coast: Selected Documents from the First to the Earlier Nineteenth Century.
Oxford 1975.
The Swahili Coast, 2nd to 19th Centuries. London 1988.
Gailey, H.:
History of Africa. Vol. I: From Earliest Times to 1800. S. 201-226: East Africa. New York
1981.
Garlake, P.:
The Early Islamic Architecture of the East African Coast. Nairobi 1966.
Glamann, K.:
The Dutch-Asiatic Trade 1620-1740. Kopenhagen 1958.
Goodrich, L.:
Negros in China. In: Bulletin of the Catholic University of Peking 8. Peking 1931.
Gordon, C.:
The Horn of Africa. New York 1994.
Graham, G.:
Great Britain in the Indian Ocean 1810-1850. Oxford 1967.
Gray, J.:
History of Zanzibar. Oxford 1962.
Gregory, R.:
India and East Africa. Oxford 1971.
Guillain, M.:
Documents sur lHistoire, la Gographie et le Commerce de lAfrique Orientale. 3 Bde. Paris
1856.

Harlow, V.; Chilver, E.:

History of East Africa, Vol. II. Oxford 1965.
Harries, L.:
Islam in East Africa. London 1954.
Hawley, J.:
India in Africa, Africa in India. Bloomington 2008.
Herzog, J.:
Geschichte Tansanias. Berlin 1986.
Hollingsworth, L.:
A Short History of the East Coast of Africa. London 1929.
The Asians of East Africa. London 1960.
Hornsby, C.:
Kenya. A history since Independence. London 2012.
Horton, M.:
Shanga: The Archaeology of a Muslim Trading Community on the Coast of East Africa.
London 1996.
Hughes, A.:
East Africa. Harmondsworth 1969.
Iliffe, J.:
A Modern History of Tanganyika. Cambridge 1979.
Geschichte Afrikas. S.: 142-148: Ostafrika. Mnchen 1997.
Ingrams, W.:
Zanzibar. Its History and its People. London 1931.
Jackson, F.:
Early Days in East Africa. London 1930.
July, R.:
A History of the African People. S.: 70-91: The Cosmopolitan World of East Africa. Prospect
Heights / Illinois 1992.
Kaur, S.:
History of East Africa. Oxford 2003.
Kent, R.:
Madagascar in History. Albany 1979.

Kenyatta, J.:
Facing Mount Kenya. New York 1965.
Kimambo, I.; Temu, A.:
A History of Tanzania. Nairobi 1969.
Kirk, W.:
The North-East Monsoon and some aspects of African History. In: Journal of African
History 3. 1962.
Kirkman, J.:
The Arab City of Gedi. Oxford 1954.
Men and Monuments of the East African Coast. London 1964.
The Coast of Kenya as a factor in the Trade and Culture of the Indian Ocean. In: Socits et
Compagnies de Commerce en Orient et dans lOcan Indien, 247-253. Paris 1970.
Ki-Zerbo, J.; Niane, D.:
General History of Africa. Vol. IV: Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century. S.: 181190: The Development of Swahili Civilization. Paris / Oxford / Berkeley 1997.
Kusimba, C.:
The Rise and fall of the Swahili States. Walnut Creek 1999.
Lewcock, R.:
Architectural Connections between Africa and Parts of the Indian Ocean Littoral. London
1976.
Lewis, I.:
A Modern History of the Somali. Athens 2002.
Low, D.; Smith, A.:
History of East Africa, Vol. III. Oxford 1976.
Marissel, J.:
Le commerce zanzibarite dans lAfrique des Grands Lacs au XIXe sicle. In: Revue
Francaise dHistoire dOutre-Mer. 1978.
Marsh, Z.; Kingsnorth, G.:
A History of East Africa. An Introductory Survey. Cambridge 1972.
Martin, B.:
Arab Migrations to East Africa in Medieval Times. In: International Journal of African
Historical Studies 7, 367-390. 1974.
Mathew, G.:
Recent Discoveries in East African Archaeology. In: Antiquity. December 1953.
The Culture of the East African Coast in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. In:
Man 61. 1956.
The East Coast Cultures. In: Africa South 2/2, 59 ff. 1958.
The Land of Zanj. In: Oliver, R.: The Dawn of African History. S.: 45-52. Oxford 1961.

Maugham, R.:
Portuguese East Africa. Cambridge 2009.
Maxon, R.:
East Africa: An Introductory History. University of West Virginia 2009.
Maxon, R.; Ofcansky, T.:
Historical Dictionary of Kenya. Lanham 2000.
Mazrui, A.; Shariff, I.:
The Swahili. Idiom and Identity of an African People. Trenton 1994.
McCall, D.:
Eastern African History. New York 1969.
Middleton, J.:
The World of the Swahili. New Haven 1992.
Newitt, M.:
The Comoro Islands in Indian Ocean Trade before the 19th Century. In: Cahiers dtudes
Africaines 33, 139-154. 1974.
East Africa and Indian Ocean Trade, 1500-1800. In: Das Gupta, A.; Pearson, M.: India and
the Indian Ocean, 201-223. Calcutta 1987.
A History of Mozambique. London 1995.
Nicholls, C.:
The Swahili Coast 1798-1856. London 1971.
Ochieng, W.:
A Modern History of Kenya 1895-1980. London 1989.
Odhiambo, A.:
A History of East Africa. London 1978.
Ofcansky, T.; Yeager, R.:
Historical Dictionary of Tanzania. Lanham 1997.
Ogot, B.:
Zamani, a Survey of East African History: Nairobi 1974.
General History of Africa. Vol. V: Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century.
S.: 368-380: East Africa: The Coast. Paris / Oxford / Berkeley 1999.
Okello, B.:
A History of East Africa. Kampala 2002.
Oliver, R.:
The Missionary Factor in East Africa. London 1952.

Oliver, R.; Mathew, G.:

History of East Africa, Vol. I. Oxford 1963.
Oliver, R.; Fagan, B.:
Africa in the Iron Age, 500 BC to Ad 1400. S.: 191-202: Eastern Africa and the Outside
World, 1000-1400. Cambridge 1975.
Patel, K.:
History of East Africa. Nairobi 1964.
Pearce, F.:
Zanzibar: The Island Metropolis of Eastern Africa. London 1920.
Pearson, M.:
Port Cities and Intruders: The Swahili Coast, India, and Portugal in the Early Modern Era.
Baltimore 1999.
Phillipson, D.:
African Archaeology. S.: 221-224: The East Coast of Africa. Cambridge 1993.
Posnansky, M.:
Prelude to East African History. Oxford 1966.
Pouwels, R.:
The Medieval Foundations of East African Islam. In: International Journal of African
Historical Studies 11, 201-227; 393-409. 1978.
Horn and Crescent: Cultural Change and Traditional Islam on the East African Coast 8001900. Cambridge 1987.
Africa and the Middle Eastern World, 600-1500. Oxford 2006.
Rashidi, R.:
African Presence in Early Asia. Journal of African Civilizations 7/1. Rutgers State University.
2009.
Reid, R.:
Warfare in Pre-Colonial Eastern Africa. Oxford 2007.
Reusch, R.:
History of East Africa. Stuttgart 1954.
Richards, A.:
The Multi-Cultural States of East Africa. Montreal 1970.
Ricks, T.:
Persian Gulf Seafaring and East Africa, Ninth Twelfth Centuries. In: International Journal
of African Historical Studies 3, 339-357. 1970.

Roberts, A.:
Tanzania before 1900. Nairobi 1968.
Rushohora, N.:
Pre-Colonial East Africa: A Historical Anthropology Guide. Saarbrcken 2012.
Saeed, M.; Setia, G.:
India and East Africa. Delhi 1986.
Salim, A.:
State Formation in Eastern Africa. Nairobi 1984.
Sarfo, K.:
History of Africa. S.: 65-78: History of East Africa. Dubuque/Iowa 1993.
Schmidt, P.:
Iron Technology in East Africa. Bloomington 1997.
Schoff, W.:
The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. London 1912.
Schuerkens, U.:
Geschichte Afrikas. S.: 104-115: Ostafrika. Kln 2009.
Sheriff, A.:
The Rise of a commercial Empire: An Aspect of the Economic History of Zanzibar 17701873. London 1971.
Sik, E.:
The History of Black Africa. Vol. 1, Part Two, Chapter IV. Black Africa in the Age of
Primitive Accumulation. S. 150-162: The East Coast. Budapest 1966.
Smith, A.:
The Indian Ocean Zone. In: Birmingham, D.; Martin, P.: History of Central Africa, Vol. I, S.:
205-244. New York/London 1983.
Spear, T.:
Kenyas Past. London 1981.
Stigand, C.:
The Land of Zinj. London 1913.
Strandes, J.:
The Portuguese Period in East Africa. Nairobi 1961.
Stuhlmann, F.:
Beitrge zur Geschichte von Ostafrika. Berlin 1909.
Sutton, J.:
The East African Coast. Nairobi 1966.
Early Trade in Eastern Africa. Nairobi 1973.

A Thousand Years of East Africa. Nairobi 1990.

Toussaint, A.:
Histoire de lIle Maurice. Paris 1974.
Trimingham, J.:
Islam in East Africa. Oxford 1964.
Verin, P.:
Arabes et Islamiss Madagascar et dans lOcan Indien. Tananarive 1967.
Ward, K.; Wild-Wood, E.:
East Africa Revival. History and Legacies. Burlington 2012.
Ward, W.; White, L.:
East Africa. A Century of Change 1870-1970. New York 1971.
Were, G.; Wilson, D.:
East Africa through a Thousand Years: A History of the Years AD 1000 to the Present Day.
Accra 1987.
Wheathley, P.:
The Land of Zanj. London 1904.
Wheeler, M.:
Archaeology in East Africa. In: Tanganyika Notes and Records 40. 1955.
Der Fernhandel des Rmischen Reiches. S.: 117-121: Ostafrika. Mnchen 1965.
Wright, H.:
Trade and Politics on the Eastern Littoral of Africa, AD 800-1300. In: Shaw, T.; Sinclair, P.;
Andah, B.; Okpoko, A.: The Archaeology of Africa. Food, Metals and Towns. S.: 658-672.
London / New York 1993.
Wright, M.:
East Africa, 1870-1905. In: Cambridge History of Africa 6, 539-591. Cambridge 1985.

Sklaverei und Sklavenhandel:

Abdussamad H. Ahmad:
Trading in Slaves in Bela-Shangul and Gumuz, Ethiopia, 1897-1938. In: Journal of African
History 40/3, 433-446. 1999.
Abir, M.:
The Ethiopian Slave Trade and its relation to the Islamic World. In: Willis, J.: The Servile
Estate, 121-134. London 1986.
Ahmad, A.:
Ethiopian Slave Exports at Matamma, Massawa and Tajura, 1830-1885. In: Slavery &
Abolition 9/3, 93-102. 1988.
Akinola, G.:
Slavery and Slave Revolts in the Sultanate of Zanzibar in the Nineteenth Century. In: Journal
of the Historical Society of Nigeria 6/2, 215-228. 1972.
Allen, R.:
Economic Marginality and the Rise of the Free Population of Colour in Mauritius, 1767-1830.
In: Slavery & Abolition 10/2, 126-150. 1989.
Slaves, Freedmen and Indentured Laborers in Colonial Mauritius. Cambridge 1999.
Licentious and Unbridled Proceedings. The Illegal Slave Trade to Mauritius and the
Seychelles during the Early Nineteenth Century. In: Journal of African History 42/1, 91-116.
2001.
The Mascarene Slave Trade and Labour Migration in the Indian Ocean during the Eighteenth
and Nineteenth Centuries. In: Slavery & Abolition 24/2, 33-50. 2003.
Free Women of Colour and Socio-Economic Marginality in Mauritius 1767-1830. In: Slavery
& Abolition 26/2, 181-197. 2005.
The constant demand of the French: The Mascarene Slave Trade and the Worlds of the Indian
Ocean and Atlantic during the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. In: Journal of African
History 49/1, 43-72. 2008.
Alpers, E.:
The East African Slave Trade. Nairobi 1967.
The French Slave Trade in East Africa 1721-1810. In: Cahiers dEtudes Africaines 10/1, 80124. 1970.
Ivory and Slaves in East Central Africa. Berkeley / Los Angeles 1975.
The East African Slave Trade. In: Konczacki, Z.: An Economic History of Tropical Africa.
Vol. 1: The Pre-Colonial Period, 206-216. London 1977.
The Impact of the Slave Trade on East Central Africa in the Nineteenth Century. In: Inikori,
J.: Forced Migration. The Impact of the Export Slave Trade on African Societies, S. 242-274.
London 1982.

The Story of Swema: Female Vulnerability in Nineteenth Century East Africa. In: Robertson,
C.; Klein, M.: Women and Slavery in Africa, 185-219. Madison 1983
Slave Trade: Eastern Africa. In: Middleton, J.: Encyclopedia of Africa South of the Sahara,
Vol. 4. S. 94-97. New York 1997.
Flight to Freedom: Escape from Slavery among bonded Africans in the Indian Ocean World,
1750-1962. In: Slavery & Abolition 24/2, 51-68. 2003.
The Idea of Marronage: Reflections on Literature and Politics in Runion. In: Slavery &
Abolition 25/2, 18-29. 2004.
Mozambique and Mozambiques: Slave Trade and Diaspora on a Global Scale. In: Benigna
Zimba; et al.: Slave Routes and Oral Tradition in Southeastern Africa, 39-61. Maputo 2005.
Representations of Children in the East African Slave Trade. In: Slavery & Abolition 30/1,
27-40. 2009.
Slavery in the Great Lakes Region of East Africa. In: Slavery & Abolition 30/1, 139-141.
2009.
Alpers, E.; Campbell, G.:
Resisting Bondage in Indian Ocean, Africa and Asia. London / New York 2006.
Alpers, E.; Teelock, V.:
History, Memory and Identity. Port Louis 2001.
Andr, E.:
De lEsclavage Madagascar. Paris 1899.
Anonymous:
Die Antisklaverei-Bewegung und Deutsch-Ostafrika. In: Deutsche Kolonialzeitung 1, 349355. 1888.
Anonymous:
Sklavenverkufe in Dar es Salaam. In: Vorwrts, 25. August 1900.
Anonymous:
Slavery in East Africa. In: Church Missionary Intelligencer 26, 620-622. 1901.
Anonymous:
Slavery in German East Africa. In: The Moslem World, 437. 1917.
Armstrong, J.:
Madagascar and the Slave Trade in the Seventeenth Century. In: Omaly sy Anio 17/20, 213216. 1984.
Asante, M.:
The History of Africa. The Quest for Eternal Harmony. S.: 222-256: Resisting European and
Arab Slave Traders. London/New York 2007.
Asgarally, I.:
La rvolte des esclaves dans les Mascareignes. Sainte Clotilde 1980.
Atmore, A.:
Eastern Africa: The Trading Sphere of the Swahili Arabs. In: Oliver, R.; Sanderson, G.: The
Cambridge History of Africa, Vol. 6: from 1870 to 1905. S. 70-77. Cambridge 1985.

Austen, R.A:
The Islamic Red Sea Slave Trade. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on
Ethiopian Studies, 443-467. Chicago 1979.
From the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean: European Abolition, the African Slave Trade, and
Asian Economic Structures. In: Eltis, D.; Walvin, J.: The Abolition of the Atlantic Slave
Trade, 117-139. Madison 1981.
The 19th Century Islamic Slave Trade from East Africa. In: Slavery & Abolition 9/3, 21-44.
1988.
Baker, A.:
Slavery and Antislavery in Mauritius 1810-1833. London / New York 1996.
Baker, S.:
Ismailia: A Narrative of the Expedition to Central Africa for the Suppression of the Slave
Trade. 2 Bde. London 1874.
Ballantyne, D.:
Black Ivory: A Tale of Adventure among the Slavers of East Africa. London 1873.
Barker, A.:
Distorting the Record of Slavery and Abolition: The British Anti Slavery Movement and
Mauritius. In: Slavery & Abolition 14/3, 185-207. 1993.
Slavery and Antislavery in Mauritius 1810-1833. New York 1996.
Bauss, R.:
The Portuguese Slave Trade from Mocambique to Portuguese India and Macau and
Comments on Timor 1750-1850. In: Camoes Center Quarterly 6/7, 21-26. 1997.
Beachey, R.:
A Collection of Documents on the Slave Trade of Eastern Africa. London 1976.
The Slave Trade of Eastern Africa. London 1976.
Some Observations on the Volume of the Slave Trade of Eastern Africa in the 19th Century. In:
African Historical Demography, S. 365-372. Edinburgh 1977.
Beech, M.:
Slavery on the East Coast of Africa. In: Journal of the African Society 15/58, 145-149. 1916.
Benedict, B.:
Slavery and Indenture in Mauritius and Seychelles. In: Watson, J.: Asian and African Systems
of Slavery, 135-168. Oxford 1980.
Bialuschewski, A.:
Pirates, Slavers and the Indigenous Population in Madagascar, 1690-1715. In: International
Journal of African Historical Studies 38/3, 401-425. 2005.
Bilger, H.:
Verfhrung und Last der Freiheit. Probleme der Entwicklungspolitik dargestellt an den
Beispielen Kenya und Tanzania. S.: 67-75: Sklaverei und Sklavenhandel. Konstanz 1972.

Bissoondoyal, U.; Servansing, S.:

Slavery in South West Indian Ocean. Moka 1989.
Bloch, M.:
Modes of Production and Slavery in Madagascar. In: Watson, J.: Asian and African Systems
of Slavery. Berkeley 1980.
Bradley, R.:
The Slave Trade of Eastern Africa. London 1976.
Brode, H.:
Tippo Tib. London 1907.
Brown, Y.:
Zanzibar Mary Allen and the East African Slave Trade. Shrewsbury 2005.
Burdo, A.:
Les Arabes dans lAfrique Centrale. Paris 1885.
Busse, J.:
Die Sklaverei und die Frage ihrer Aufhebung in Deutsch-Ostafrika. In: Afrika 7, 32-40. 1900.
Campbell, G.:
Madagascar and the Slave Trade 1810-1895. In: Journal of African History 22/2, 203-227.
1981.
Madagascar and Mozambique in the Slave Trade of the Western Indian Ocean, 1800-1861. In:
Slavery & Abolition 9/3, 166-193. 1988.
The East African Slave Trade 1861-1895. In: International Journal of African Historical
Studies 22, 1-26. 1989.
Disease, Cattle, and Slaves: The Development of Trade between Natal and Madagascar, 18751904. In: African Economic History 19, 105-135. 1990 / 1991.
The Structure of Slavery in Indian Ocean, Africa and Asia. London / New York 2003.
Introduction: Slavery and other forms of unfree labour in the Indian Ocean World. In: Slavery
& Abolition 24/2, 9-32. 2003.
Abolition and its Aftermath in Indian Ocean, Africa and Asia. London / New York 2005.
African Diaspora in Asia. In: Encyclopedia of Diasporas Part I, 3-15. 2005.
Sklaverei und andere Formen unfreier Arbeit in der Welt des Indischen Ozeans. In: Eckert, A.;
Grau, I.; Sonderegger, A.: Afrika 1500-1900. Geschichte und Gesellschaft, S. 89-112. Wien
2010.
Campbell, G. ; Alpers, E. :
Slavery, Forced Labour and Resistance in Indian Ocean Africa and Asia. In: Slavery &
Abolition 25/2, 9-27. 2004.
Campbell, G.; Miers, S.; Miller, J.:
Women and Slavery. Africa, the Indian Ocean World and the Medieval North Atlantic. Athens
2007.

Capela, J.; Medeiros, E.:

O trfico de escravos de Mocambique para as ilhas do Indico 1720-1902. Maputo 1987.
Caplan, P.:
Madagascar and the Slave Trade, 1810-1895. In: Journal of African History 22, 203-227.
1981.
The East African Slave Trade, 1861-1895. In: International Journal of African Historical
Studies 22, 1-26. 1989.
Captain Colomb, R.:
Slave-Catching in the Indian Ocean. London 1873.
Carter, M.:
Slavery and unfree Labour in the Indian Ocean. In: History Compass 4/5, 800-813. 2006.
Cassanelli, L.:
Social Construction on the Somali Frontier: Bantu Former Slave Communities in the
Nineteenth Century. In: Kopytoff, I.: The African Frontier, 216-238. Bloomington 1987.
The Ending of Slavery in Italian Somalia: Liberty and the Control of Labor, 1890-1935. In:
Miers, S.; Roberts, R.: The End of Slavery in Africa, 308-331. Wisconsin 1988.
Chang Hsing-lang:
The Importation of Negro Slaves to China under the Tang Dynasty. In: Bulletin of the
Catholic University of Peking 7. Peking 1930.
Chattopadhyay, A.:
Slavery in India. Calcutta 1959.
Chauhan, R.:
African in India. From Slavery to Royalty. New Delhi 1995.
Church Missionary Society:
The Slave Trade of East Africa. London 1868.
Clarence-Smith, G.:
The Economics of the Indian Ocean Slave Trade in the Nineteenth Century. London 1989.
Clarence-Smith, W.:
Islam and the Abolition of Slavery. Oxford 2006.
Collins, R.:
The African Slave Trade to Asia and the Indian Ocean Islands. In: African and Asian Studies
5/3-4, 325-347. 2006.
Collins, R.; Burns, J.:
A History of Sub-Saharan Africa. S.: 228-250: The Asian Slave Trade. Cambridge 2007.
Cooper, F.:
The Treatment of Slaves on the Kenya Coast in the Nineteenth Century. In: Kenya Historical
Review 1/2, 87-108. 1973.
Plantation Slavery on the East Coast of Africa. New Haven 1977.

From Slaves to Squatters: Plantation Labour and Agriculture in Zanzibar and Coastal Kenya,
1890-1925. London 1980.
Islam and Cultural Hegemony: The Ideology of Slaveowners on the East African Coast. In:
Lovejoy, P.: The Ideology of Slavery in Africa, 270-307. Beverly Hills 1981.
Cornevin, R. und M.:
Geschichte Afrikas von den Anfngen bis zur Gegenwart. S.: 308-309: Die Sansibar Araber
und der Sklavenhandel. Frankfurt/M./Berlin/Wien 1980.
Coupland, R.:
The Exploitation of East Africa 1856-1890. The Slave Trade and the Scramble. London 1968.
Curtin, P.:
Laboratory for the Oral History of Slavery: The Island of Lamu on the Kenya Coast. In:
American Historical Review 88/4, 858-882. 1983.
Lamu, Slave Trade, and British Efforts to Suppress. In: Slavery & Abolition 7/2, 148-159.
1986.
Curtin, P.; Feierman, S.; Thompson, L.; Vansina, J.:
African History. S.: 391-418: A Century of Ironies in East Africa (1780-1890). London / New
York 1984.
Darley, H.:
Slaves and Ivory: A Record of Adventure and Exploration in the unknown Sudan, and among
the Abyssinian Slave-Raiders. London 1926.
Davidson, B.:
Vom Sklavenhandel zur Kolonialisierung. Afrikanisch-Europische Beziehungen zwischen
1500 und 1900. S.: 147-170: Das Schicksal der Ostkste. Hamburg 1966.
The Growth of African Civilisation. East and Central Africa to the Late Nineteenth Century.
S.: 151-155: A New Slave Trade. London 1967.
De Langle, F.:
La traite des esclaves la cte orientale dAfrique. Paris 1873.
Depelchin, J.:
The Transition from Slavery, 1873-1914. In: Sheriff, A.; Ferguson, E.: Zanzibar under
Colonial Rule, 11-35. London / Nairobi / Dar es Salaam / Athens 1991.
Deutsch, J.:
Slavery, Coastal Identity and the End of Slavery in German and British East Africa. In:
Heidrich, J.: Changing Identities, 215-224. Berlin 1994.
Freeing Slaves in German East Africa, 1890-1914. In: Miers, S.; Klein, M.: Slavery in
Colonial Africa, 109-132. London 1999.
Absence of Evidence is no Proof: Slave Resistance under German Colonial Rule in East
Africa. In: Abbink, J.; et al: Rethinking Resistance, 170-187. Leiden 2003.
Emancipation without Abolition in German East Africa, 1884-1914. Oxford / Dar es Salaam /
Ohio 2006.
Devereux, W.:

A Cruise in the Gorgon of Eighteen Months in the Suppression of the Slave Trade on the East
Coast of Africa. London 1869.
Domenichini-Ramiaramana, B.:
Aspects de lesclavage sours la monarchie Merina daprs les textes lgislatifs et
rglementaires. In: Omaly sy Anio 15, 52-98. 1982.
Drescher, S.; Engerman, S.:
A Historical Guide to World Slavery. S.: 41-46: East Africa. S.: 248-252: Islamic Law. S.:
367-370: Trans-Saharan Trade. Oxford 1998.
Eastman, C.:
Women, Slaves and Foreigners: African Cultural Influences and Group Processes in the
Formation of Northern Swahili Coastal Society. In: International Journal of African
Historical Studies 23, 1-20. 1988.
Edwards, J.:
Slavery, the Slave Trade, and the Economic Reorganization of Ethiopia, 1916-1934. In:
African Economic History 11, 3-14. 1982.
Eve, P.:
Les esclaves de Bourbon. Paris 2003.
Ewald, J.:
East Africa. In: Drescherand, S.; Engerman, S.: A Historical Guide to World Slavery, 41-46.
New York 1998.
Crossers of the Sea: Slaves, Freedmen and other Migrants in the Northwestern Indian Ocean,
1750-1914. In: American Historical Review 105/1, 69-91. 2000.
Farrant, L. :
Tippu Tip and the East African Slave Trade. New York 1975.
Feeley-Harnik, G. :
The Kings Men in Madagascar: Slavery and Kingship in Sakalava Monarchy. In: Africa 52,
31-50. 1982.
Fernyhough, T. :
Serfs, Slaves and Shifta. Modes of Production and Resistance in Pre-Revolutionary Ethiopia.
Addis Ababa 2010.
Filliot, J.:
La traite des esclaves vers les Mascareignes au XVIIIe sicle. Paris 1974.
Fischer, R.:
Korallenstdte in Afrika. Die Vorkoloniale Geschichte der Ostkste. S.: 53-65: Sklaven und
Elfenbein. Oberdorf 1984.
Fisher, A.; Fisher, H.:
Slavery and Muslim Society in Africa. London 1970.

Fisher, H.:
Slavery in the History of Muslim Black Africa. London 2001.
Fotheringham, L.:
Adventures in Nyasaland: A Two Year Struggle with the Arab Slave Dealers in Central Africa.
London 1891.
Froberville, E.:
Notes sur les murs, coutumes et traditions des amakoua, sur le commerce et la traite des
esclaves dans lAfrique Orientale. In: Bulletin de la Socit Geographie 8, 311-329. 1847.
Gasparini, J.:
Sulla liberazione degli schiavi e servi domestici e sui metodi di assistenza e di tutela nel
primo periodo della liberazione. Monografie e Rapporti 1. Rom 1912.
Gerbeau, H.:
The Slave Trade in the Indian Ocean. In: The African Slave Trade from the Fifteenth to the
Nineteenth Century. Paris 1985.
Githige, R.:
Issue of Slavery: Relations between the CMS and the State on the East African Coast Prior to
1895. In: Journal of Religion in Africa 3, 209-225. 1986.
Glassman, J.:
The Runaway Slave in Coastal Resistance to Zanzibar. Madison 1983.
The Bondsmans New Clothes: The Contradictory Consciousness of Slave Resistance on the
Swahili Coast. In: Journal of African History 32, 277-312. 1991.
Gordon, M.:
LEsclavage dans le Monde Arabe. Paris 1987.
Graeber, D. :
Lost People: Magic and the Legacy of Slavery in Madagascar. Bloomington 2007.
Griaule, M. :
Lesclavage en Abyssinie. Paris 1934.
Guluma, G.:
Subsistence, Slavery and Violence in the Lower Omo Valley, 1898-1940. In: Northeast
African Studies 12/1. 1990.
Haile, G.:
From the Markets of Damot to that of Barara: A Note on Slavery in Medieval Ethiopia. In:
Paideuma 27, 173-180. 1981.
Harries, P.:
Slavery, social incorporation, and surplus extraction. The Nature of Free and Unfree Labour in
South-East Africa. In: Journal of African History 22, 309-330. 1981.
Harris, J.:

The African Presence in Asia: Consequences of the East African Slave Trade. Evanston 1971.
Hazell, A.:
Last Slave Market. London 2011.
Heers, J.:
Les Traites Ngrires en Terres dIslam. Paris 2004.
Herlehy, T.; Morton, R.:
A Coastal Ex-Slave Community in the regional and colonial Economy of Kenya. In: Miers,
S.; Roberts, R.: The End of Slavery in Africa, 254-281. Madison 1988.
Hermann, A.:
ber den Sklavenhandel am Viktoria-Nyansa. In: Deutsches Kolonialblatt 4, 43-44. 1893.
Hinde, S.:
The Fall of the Congo Arabs. London 1897.
Hogendorn, J.:
A supply-side aspect of the African Slave Trade: The Cowrie Production and Exports of the
Maldives. In: Slavery & Abolition 2/1, 31-52. 1981.
Hrbek, I.:
General History of Africa, Vol. III: Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century. S.: 337347: The African Diaspora in Asia. Paris / London / Berkeley 1992.
Hunwick, J.:
Black Africans in the Islamic World. In: Tarikh 5/4, 20-40. 1978.
Hutchinson, E.:
The Slave Trade of East Africa. London 1874.
Ingham, K.:
A History of East Africa. S.: 36-70: Arab Traders and the Tribes of the Interior. London 1963.
Ingram, J.:
Geschichte der Sklaverei und Hrigkeit. S.: 150-176: Die Sklaverei im Mohammedanischen
Orient. Dresden/Leipzig 1895. (Reprint Leipzig).
Isaacman, B.:
Slavery and Social Stratification among the Sena of Mozambique. In: Miers, S.; Kopytoff, I.:
Slavery in Africa, 105-120. Madison 1977.
Isaacman, A.; Isaacman, B.:
Mozambique. From Colonialism to Revolution, 1900-1982. S.: 11-59: The Precolonial
Period, 1500-1880. Boulder 1983.
Jayasuriya, S.:
African Identity in Asia: Cultural Effects of Forced Migration. Princeton 2009.

Jayasuriya, S.; Pankhurst, R.:

The African Diaspora in the Indian Ocean. Trenton 2003.
Jullien, B.:
le de la Runion: regards croiss sur lesclavage, 1794-1848. Saint-Denis 1998.
Jwaideh, A.; Cox, J.:
The Black Slaves of Turkish Arabia during the 19th Century. In: Slavery & Abolition 9/3,
45-59. 1988.

Kalinga, O.; Crosby, C.:

Historical Dictionary of Malawi. S.: 365-366: Slave Trade. African Historical Dictionaries,
No. 84. Lanham/London 2001.
Kapteijns, L.:
The Use of Slaves in Pre-colonial Dar Fur: The Case of Masalit, 1870-1905. In: Northeast
African Studies 6. 1984.
Karstedt, F.:
Zur Sklavenfrage in Deutsch-Ostafrika. In: Koloniale Rundschau, 616-621. 1913.
Ki-Zerbo, J.:
Die Geschichte Schwarz-Afrikas. S.: 341-344: Der Sklavenhandel im Osten. Wuppertal 1979.
Kollman, P.:
The Evangelization of Slaves and Catholic Origins in Eastern Africa. London 2005.
Kuntze, F.:
Der Sklaven-Freikauf in Deutsch-Ostafrika. In: Kolonie und Heimat, 20. Dezember. 1908.
Kusimba, C.:
Archaeology of Slavery in East Africa. In: African Archaeological Review 21/2, 59-88. 2004.
Larson, P.:
History and Memory in the Age of Enslavement: Becoming Merina in Highland Madagascar,
1770-1822. London 2000.
Enslaved Malagasy and Le Travail de le Parolein the Pre-Revolutionary Mascarenes. In:
Journal of African History 48/3, 457-479. 2007.
Ocean of Letters. Language and Creolization in an Indian Ocean Diaspora. Cambridge 2009.
Lattin, J.:
The Arabs as Master Slavers. Englewood 1982.
Leda, F.:
Tippu Tip and the East African Slave Trade. New York 1975.

Lewicki, T.:
Arab Trade in Negro Slaves up to the end of the XVIth Century. In: Africana Bulletin 6, 109111. 1967.
Lewis, B.:
Race and Slavery in the Middle East. New York 1990.
Liebowitz, D.:
The Physician and the Slave Trade: John Kirk, the Livingstone Expeditions, and the Crusade
against Slavery in East Africa. New York 1999.
Lodhi, A.:
The Institution of Slavery in Zanzibar and Pemba. Uppsala 1973.
Loth, H.:
Geschichte Afrikas. Von den Anfngen bis zur Gegenwart. Teil II: Afrika unter
imperialistischer Kolonialherrschaft und die Formierung der antikolonialen Krfte, 18841945. S.: 43-47: Der arabisch-swahilische Handelseinfluss. Berlin 1976.
Sklaverei. Die Geschichte des Sklavenhandels zwischen Afrika und Amerika. S.: 241-255:
Der arabische Sklavenhandel und die neue Antisklavereipolitik. Berlin 1981.
Lovejoy, P.:
Transformations in Slavery. A History of Slavery in Africa. S.: 23-43: On the Frontiers of
Islam, 1400-1600. S.: 147-149: The Trans-Saharan and Red Sea Trade. S.: 150-152: The East
African Trade. S.: 220-246: Slavery in Central, Southern, and Eastern Africa in the
Nineteenth Century. Cambridge 1983.
Ly-Tio-Fane Pineo, H.:
Les esclaves de plantation de lle Maurice la veille de labolition, daprs le recensement de
1823. In : Dubois, C. : Histoires doutre-mer. Aix-en-Provence 1992.

Machado, P.:
A Forgotten Corner of the Indian Ocean: Gujarati Merchants, Portuguese India and the
Mozambique Slave Trade, 1730-1830. In: Slavery & Abolition 24/2, 17-32. 2003.
MacKenzie, D.:
A Report on Slavery and the Slave Trade in Zanzibar, Pemba and the Mainland of the British
Protectorate of East Africa. In: Anti-Slavery Reporter 15, 69-96. 1895.
Maestri, E.:
Esclavage et abolitions dans lOcan Indien, 1723-1869. Paris 2002.
Mann, M.:
Sklaverei und Sklavenhandel im Indik, 16. bis 20. Jahrhundert. Leipzig 2009.
Sahibs, Sklaven und Soldaten. Geschichte des Menschenhandels rund um den Indischen
Ozean. Mainz 2011.

Manning, P.:
Slavery and African Life. Occidental, Oriental and African Slave Traders. Cambridge 1990.
Mannix, P.:
Black Cargoes. S.: 241-262: Slave Catching in the Indian Ocean. New York 1968.
Marshall, L.:
Fugitive Slave Communities in the 19th Century Kenya. In: Nyame Akuma 72. 2009.
Martin, E.; Ryan, T.:
A quantitative assessment of the Arab Slave Trade of East Africa. In: Kenya Historical
Review 5, 71-91. 1977.
Marx, C.:
Geschichte Afrikas. Von 1800 bis zur Gegenwart. S.: 36-44: Vom Sklavenhandel zum
Warenhandel: Zentral- und Ostafrika. Paderborn 2004.
Mathew, J.:
Trafficking Labour: Abolition and the Exchange of Labour across the Arabian Sea, 18611947. In: Slavery & Abolition 33/1, 139-156. 2012.
Mbotela, J.:
The Freeing of Slaves in East Africa. Nairobi 1967.
McCann, J.:
Children of the House: Slavery and its Suppression in Lasta, Northern Ethiopia, 1916-1935.
In: Miers, S.; Roberts, R.: The End of Slavery in Africa, 332-361. Wisconsin 1988.
Medard, H.; Doyle, S.:
Slavery in the Great Lakes Region of East Africa. Oxford 2007.
Mhaud, C.:
Mouvements de populations dans lOcan Indien. Paris 1980.
Miller, C.:
A Theme in Variations: A Historical Schema of Slaving in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean
Regions. In: Slavery & Abolition 24/2, 169-194. 2003.
Mirzai, B.; Ismael, M.; Lovejoy, P.:
Slavery, Islam and Diaspora. Trenton 2009.
Montandon, G.:
Lesclavage en Abyssinie. Geneva 1932.
Moore-Harell:
Economic and Political Aspects of the Slave Trade in Ethiopia and the Sudan in the Second
Half of the Nineteenth Century. In: International Journal of African Historical Studies 32.
1999.
Morton, F.:
Slaves, Fugitives and Freedmen on the Kenya Coast 1873-1907. Syracuse 1976.

Children of Ham: Freed Slaves and Fugitive Slaves on the Kenya Coast 1873-1907. Boulder /
Oxford 1990.
Murray, G.:
LEsclavage dans le monde arabe VIIe-XXe Sicle. Paris 1987.
Newitt, M.:
Angoche, the slave trade and the Portuguese, 1844-1910. In: Journal of African History 13/4,
659-672. 1972.
Newman, H.:
Banani, the Transition from Slavery to Freedom in Zanzibar. 1898.
NDiaye, T.:
Der verschleierte Vlkermord. Die Geschichte des muslimischen Sklavenhandels in Afrika.
Reinbek 2010.
Northrup, D.:
The Ending of Slavery in the Eastern Belgian Congo. In: Miers, S.; Roberts, R.; The End of
Slavery in Africa, 462-482. Wisconsin 1988.
Nwulia, M..
Britain and Slavery in East Africa. Washington 1975.
The History of Slavery in Mauritius and the Seychelles 1810-1875. Rutherford 1981.
Ogot, B.:
Population Movements between East Africa, the Horn of Africa and the Neighbouring
Countries. In: The African Slave Trade from the Fifteenth to the Nineteenth Century. Paris
1985.
Ogutu, M.; Kenyanchui, S.:
An Introduction to African History. S.: 133-136: Slave Trade in East and Central Africa.
Nairobi 1997.
Oliver, R.:
The African Experience. Major Themes in African History. From Earliest Times to the
Present. S.: 116-129: Masters and Slaves. New York 1991.
ONeill, H.:
The Mozambique and Nyassa Slave Trade. London 1895.
Page, M.:
The Manyema Hordes of Tippu Tip: a case study in social stratification and the Slave Trade in
Eastern Africa. In: International Journal of African Historical Studies 7/1, 69-84. 1974.
Page, W.:
Encyclopedia of African History and Culture. From Conquest to Colonization, 1500-1850.
S.: 236-255: Slavery. New York 2001.

Pankhurst, R.:
The history of Bareya, Shanqella, and other Ethiopian Slaves from the Borderlands of the
Sudan. In: Sudan Notes and Records 63, 1-48. 1977.
Payet, J.:
Histoire de lesclavage lle Bourbon. Paris 1990.
Peerthum, S.:
The Last Slaves: Liberated Africans in 19th Century Mauritius. Port Louis 2003.
Perricone-Viola, A.:
La liberazione degli schiavi nel vecchio Benadir. In: Rivista delle Colonie 10, 882-886. 1936.
Petr-Grenouilleau, O.:
La traite oublie des ngriers musulmans. In: LHistoire, 48-55. Octobre 2003.
Pipes, D.:
Slave Soldiers and Islam. Yale 1981.
Popovic, A.:
La Rvolte des Esclaves en Iraq au IIIme/IXme sicle. Paris 1976.
Pruen, C. :
Slavery in East Africa. In: CMIR New Series, 661-665. 1888.
Queiros, M.:
Esclavages Histoire dune diversit de lOcan Indien lAtlantique Sud. Paris 1997.
Rakoto, I.:
Lesclavage dans lancien Madagascar. In: Tantara 4/5, 125-137. 1976.
Lesclavage Madagascar. Antananarivo 1997.
Randrianja, S.; Ellis, S.:
Madagascar: A Short History. S.: 99-122: The Slave Trader Kings (1700-1816). London 2009.
Ratsivalaka, G.:
La traite europenne des esclaves en Imerina au debut du XIXe sicle. In: Tantara 7/8, 113135. 1979.
Les malgaches et labolition de la traite europenne des esclaves, 1810-1817. Antananarivo
1999.
Reid, R.:
A History of Modern Africa. 1800 to the Present. S.: 42-63: Eastern Intrusions: Slaves and
Ivory in Eastern Africa. Oxford 2009.
Renault, F.:

Lavigerie, lEsclavage Africain et lEurope 1868-1892. Paris 1971.

La Traite des Esclaves Noirs en Libye au XVIIIe Sicle. In: Journal of African History 23/2,
163-181. 1982.
Tippu Tip. Paris 1987.
La traite des Noirs au Proche-Orient Mdival VIIe-XIXe Sicle. Paris 1989.
Romero, P.:
Laboratory for the Oral History of Slavery: The Island of Lamu on the Kenya Coast. In:
American Historical Review 88/4, 858-882. 1983.
Where have all the Slaves gone? Emancipation and Post-Emancipation in Lamu, Kenya. In:
Journal of African History 27, 497-512. 1986.
Ross, R.:
The Dutch on the Swahili Coast 1776-1778: Two Slaving Journals. In: International Journal
of African Historical Studies 19, 305-360. 1986.
Rotter, G.:
Die Stellung des Negers in der Islamisch-Arabischen Gesellschaft bis zum 16. Jahrhundert.
Bonn 1966.
Russel, C.:
General Rigby, Zanzibar and the Slave Trade. London 1935.
Sakarai, L.:
Indian Merchants in East Africa, Part I. In: Slavery & Abolition 1/3, 292-338. 1980.
Indian Merchants in East Africa, Part II. In: Slavery & Abolition 2/1, 2-30. 1980.
Scarr, D.:
Slaving and Slavery in the Indian Ocean. New York 1998.
Seychelles since 1770. History of a Slave and Post-Slave Society. London 2000.
Schicho, W.:
Geschichte Afrikas. S.: 54-62: Der Sklavenhandel. Stuttgart 2010.
Schuerkens, U.:
Geschichte Afrikas. Eine Einfhrung. S.: 155-156: Sklavenjagd im nrdlichen Zentralafrika.
Kln/Weimar/Wien 2009.
Segal, R.:
Islams Black Slaves. A History of Africas Other Black Diaspora. London 2001.
Sheperd, G.:
The Comorians and the East African Slave Trade. In: Watson, J.; Asian and African Systems
of Slavery, 73-99. Oxford 1980.
Sheriff, A.:
The Slave Mode of Production along the East African Coast. In: Willis, J.: The Servile Estate,
Vol. 2, 157-176. London 1986.
Slaves, Spices and Ivory in Zanzibar: An Integration of an East African Commercial Empire
into the World Economy 1770-1873. London 1987.

Localization and Social Composition of the East African Slave Trade, 1858-1873. In: Slavery
& Abolition 9/3, 131-145. 1988.
Slave Trade and Slave Routes of the East African Coast. In: Zimba, B.; et al.: Slave Routes
and Oral Tradition in South eastern Africa, 13-38. Maputo 2005.
Shillington, K.:
History of Africa. S.: 249-254: The East African Slave Trade. Oxford 2005.
Skinner, E.:
Menschenhandel. Sklaverei im 21. Jahrhundert. Bergisch Gladbach 2008.
Spaulding, J.:
Slavery, land tenure and social class in the northern Turkish Sudan. In: International Journal
of African Historical Studies 15. 1982.
Speitkamp, W.:
Kleine Geschichte Afrikas. S.: 103-118: Sklaverei und Sklavenhandel. Stuttgart 2007.
Ssekamwa, J.:
A Sketch Map History of East Africa. S.: 76-83: The Slave and Ivory Trade. Cheltenham
1984.
Stanley, H.:
Slavery and the Slave Trade. In: Harpers New Monthly Magazine. 1893.
Storms, E.:
Lesclavage entre le Tanganyika et la cte est. In : La traite des esclaves en Afrique110-111.
Brussels 1889.
Strobel, M.:
Slavery and Reproductive Labor in Mombasa. In: Women and Slavery in Africa, 111-129.
Madison 1983.
Sullivan, C.:
Dhow Chasing in Zanzibar Waters and on the Eastern Coast of Africa. Narrative of Five Years
Experience in the Suppression of the Slave Trade. London 1873.
Sunseri, T.:
Slave Ransoming in German East Africa, 1885-1922. In: International Journal of African
Historical Studies 26/3, 481-511. 1993.
Swann, A.:
Fighting the Slave-Hunters in Central Africa. London 1910.
Teelock, V.:
Bitter Sugar: Sugar and Slavery in 19th Century Mauritius. Moka 1998.
Breaking the Wall of Silence: Slavery in Mauritian History. In: Radical History Review 91,
104-109. 2005.
Telfair, C.:

Some Account of the State of Slavery at Mauritius. Port-Louis 1830.

Temu, A.:
The Role of the Bombay Africans (Liberated Africans) on the Mombasa Coast 1874-1901. In:
Hadith 3, 53-81. 1971.
Texugo, F.:
A Letter on the Slave Trade still carried on along the Eastern Coast of Africa. London 1839.
Thompson, J.:
The Slave Trade in East Africa. In: Anti-Slavery Reporter 2, 1-3. 1882.
Tindall, P.:
History of Central Africa. S.: 124-131: Slavers and Traders in Malawi, 1860 to 1890.
London/New York 1968.
Toledano, E.:
African Communities in Asia and the Mediterranean. Trenton 2012.
Tominaga, C. :
Indian Immigrants and the East African Slave Trade. In: Seri Ethnological Studies Osaka 43,
295-317. 1996.
Toru, M.; Philips, J.:
Slavery and Muslim Societies. Slave Elites in the Middle East and Africa. London 2000.
Unomah, A.:
East Africa: The Expansion of Commerce: Social Changes and the Slave Trade. In: Flint, J.:
The Cambridge History of Africa, Vol. 5: From 1790-1870. S. 298-306. Cambridge 1976.
Vaughan, M.:
Creating the Creole Island: Slavery in Eighteenth Century Mauritius. Durham / London 2005.
Vink, M.:
The Worlds Oldest Trade: Dutch Slavery and Slave Trade in the Indian Ocean in the
Seventeenth Century. In: Journal o World History 14, 160-167; 171-175. 2003.
Waller, H.:
Heligoland for Zanzibar, or One Island full of Free Men for two full of Slaves. London 1893.
Wanquet, C.:
La traite illgale Maurice lpoque anglaise, 1811-1835. In: Daget, S.: De la traite
esclavage, 451-465. Paris 1988.
Watson, J.:
Slavery and Indenture in Mauritius and Seychelles. In: Watson, J.: Asian and African Systems
of Slavery. Berkeley 1980.

Weidner, F.:
Die Haussklaverei in Ostafrika. Jena 1915.
Wickins, P.:
An Economic History of Africa. From the Earliest Times to Partition. S.: 180-184: Eastern
and Southern Africa; The Slave Trade. Oxford 1981.
Willis, J.:
Slaves and Slavery in Muslim Africa. 2 Bde. London 1985.
Wills, A.:
An Introduction to the History of Central Africa. S.: 73-81: The Slave Trade. Oxford 1964.
Wirz, A.:
Sklaverei und kapitalistisches Weltsystem. S.: 40-49: Der orientalische Sklavenhandel.
Frankfurt/M. 1984.
Wright, J.:
The Wadai-Benghazi Slave Route. In: Savage, E.: The Human Commodity. London 1992.
Central Africa, Northern: Slave Raiding. In: Shillington, K.: Encyclopedia of African History,
Vol. 1: 225-226. New York 2005.
Wright, M.:
Strategies of Slaves and Women. Life-Stories from East and Central Africa. London / New
York 1993.
Zimba, B.; Alpers, E.; Isaacman, A.:
Slave Routes and Oral Tradition in Southeastern Africa. Maputo 2005.
Zimmermann, M.:
The French Slave Trade at Mocambique, 1770-1794. Madison 1967.
Zwanenberg, R.:
Anti-Slavery, the Ideology of 19th Century Imperialism in East Africa. In: Hadith 5, 110-129.
1976.