HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT 10

MATH 10A LECTURE 001, FALL 2015, CRAIG EVANS

WRITTEN BY: JASON FERGUSON
JMF@MATH.BERKELEY.EDU

DUE: Thursday, October 1st in your discussion section [unless your GSI says otherwise].
Unless otherwise stated, please include an explanation with your answers. Answers without explanations
will receive very little credit, if any.
You are welcome to work with other students, as well as use outside resources such as other textbooks,
Wikipedia, online notes, or Youtube lectures for help. However, university policy for all courses is that if
you work with other people or use outside resources, you must credit them [say who you worked with or
what outside sources you used for each question, if any] unless your instructor says you dont have to.
Series Theory
1. Carefully and in your own words, explain why every series is a special kind of sequence.
2. Let {an }
n=1 be any sequence of real numbers. Clearly and precisely say what

an = 3

n=1

means.
3. (a) What, if anything, is the difference between
n
X

ai

and

i=1

n
X

aj ?

j=1

(b) What, if anything, is the difference between

n
X

ai

and

i=1

n
X

aj ?

i=1

4. Whats wrong with the following calculation that shows that 0 = 1?

0 = 0 + 0 + 0 +
= (1 1) + (1 1) + (1 1) +
= 1 1 + 1 1 + 1 1 +
= 1 + (1 + 1) + (1 + 1) + (1 + 1) +
= 1 + 0 + 0 + 0 +
= 1.
[The Italian priest and mathematician Luigi Guido Grandi thought that this calculation proved the existence
of God because something has been created out of nothing.]
Series Computations
5. For each of the following series, decide if it is convergent or divergent. If it converges, compute what it
converges to. If it diverges, explain why.
16

(a) 3 2 + 34 89 + 27
1
1
1
(b) 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 +
1

(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)

1

n
3

n=2

X
n=0

X
k=2

en
42n+1

. Hint: 42n+1 = a bn for some numbers a and b...

k2 1
k2 + 1

q=1

1 + 3q
Hint:
4q

a+b
c

a
c

+ cb .

1 + 4q
3q
q=0


X
1
1
(h)
.

x+1 x
x=1

X
m+1
(i)
ln
Hint: ln xy = ln x ln y, if x and y are positive real numbers.
m
m=1


X
2
3

(j)
5n n
(g)

n=1

(k) ar + ar2 + ar3 + ar4 + . Here a and r are real numbers with 1 < r < 1. Your answer may be a
formula involving a and/or r.
6. (a) Write 0.06 as a fraction ab , where a and b are integers.
Hint: 0.06 = 0.060606 . . . = 0.06 + 0.0006 + 0.000006 + 0.00000006 + .
(b) Write 4.527 as a fraction ab , where a and b are integers [not necessarily fully simplified].
(c) Optional: Challenge Write x.yz as a fraction ab , where a and b are integers.
Here, x is any nonnegative integer, y is any string of m digits where m 0, and z is any string of n
digits where n 1. a and b may each depend on some combination of x, y, z, m, n.
Hint: If you put x = y = 0, m = 0, z = 06, n = 2 into your answer to (c) you should get your answer
to (a). if you put x = 4, y = 5, m = 1, z = 27, n = 2 into your answer to (c) you should get your
answer to (b).
7. Find all real numbers x, if any, for which the following series converges:

4n+1 (x 2)n .

n=0

For those numbers x, say what the series converges to.

Convergence Testing for Series
8. For each of the following series, decide if it converges. Explain your answer. You do NOT need to say
what the convergent series converge to.

X
(2n 1)n
(a)
n2n
n=1

X
n2 (3)n1
(b)
5n
n=1

X
3n n
(c)
n!
n=2

X n2
(d)
n2 + 1
n=0

(e)
(f)

 2

X
n+1 n
n=1

X
k=1

n
k+3
3k

(g) Optional: Challenge

X
(2i)!
i=1

(i!)2