MEMORANDUM

TO:

Mark Williams;Mike Morrisroe

DATE:

FROM:

Sunil Terkar/Stuart Fraser

CC:

SUBJECT:

MWH Clearwater Utilities Enhancements Estimation of Bends and Tees

20th July 2010

MWH CLEARWATER UTILITES

TES ENHANCEMENTS
Introduction
It has been proposed to enhance the existing headloss tool (renamed as MWH
MWH Clearwater Utilities) by
adding functionality to estimate the number of standard bends and standard tees in a modelled clean water
network. The following text provides a detailed
de
methodology to calculate tee orientation at simple junction
based on minimum head loss,, enhance method to calculate head loss due to change in direction based on
bend combination table.
SIMPLE TEE
Software performs following tasks in order of their appearance to work out suitable tee orientation
orienta
based on
minimum head loss;
1) Sort three pipes based on diameter in descending order
2) Calculate change of direction of each pipe with respect to other two pipes.
pipes. Temporary assigns other
two pipes to each side of tee
3) Calculate orientation of each pipe with respect to standard tee
4) Calculate head loss for six different tee arrangements and picks up tee arrangement with least head
loss. If there are, more than one tee
tee arrangements with same head loss are possible then first tee
arrangement with same head loss on stack will be removed first. Head loss due to bend angle is
calculated based on bend combination table in appendix 1.
5) Reassign side tee arms by comparing their
the orientation with base arm.
6) Add three records to database corresponding to three sides of tee
Following sections shows how typical calculations are performed by software with respect to each tee
arrangement. Figure one shows imaginary Tee for basic tee orientation and Figure two shows model tee
junction considered for calculations.

MWH

MEMORANDUM

M2

M1

T Basic Orientation - Angle = 0

Figure 1: Basic Tee

Figure 2:: Area4_Combined_v9, Junction id J_4_4036_1032,

J_4_4036_1032, showing pipe ids and their diameters
Scenario 1: First link on stack is B
Change in direction
PIPE ID

DIA

ANGLE 1

ANGLE 2

P_4_4036_1172

144.8

26.452

75.487

P_4_4036_1045

144.8

75.487

78.060

P_4_4036_1133

99.55

26.452

78.060

PIPE ID

DIA

PIPE ORIENTATION

P_4_4036_1172

144.8

286.256

P_4_4036_1045

144.8

181.743

P_4_4036_1133

99.55

79.804

Pipe orientation

Head loss due to T in-line

line flow = 0.3 + 0.2
Head loss due to T flow in branch = 1.5 + 0.2

MWH

MEMORANDUM

BEND ANGLE 1 due to ANGLE 1:- Angle between M1 and pipe = 90 26.452 = 63.547
BEND ANGLE 2 due to ANGLE 2:- Angle between M2 and pipe = 90 75.487 = 14.512
Head loss due to BEND ANGLE 1 = 0.27
Head loss due to BEND ANGLE 2 = 0.07
Total head loss = Head loss due to T in--line
line flow + Head loss due to T flow in branch + Head loss due to
BEND ANGLE 1 + Head loss due to BEND ANGLE 2
Total head loss = 2.54
Scenario 2: Second link on stack is B
Change in direction
PIPE ID

DIA

ANGLE 1

ANGLE 2

P_4_4036_1045

144.8

75.487

78.060

line flow = 0.3 + 0.2

Head loss due to T in-line
Head loss due to T flow in branch = 1.5 + 0.2
BEND ANGLE 1 due to ANGLE 1:- Angle between M1 and pipe = 90 75.487 = 14.512
12
BEND ANGLE 2 due to ANGLE 2:- Angle between M2 and pipe = 90 78.060 = 11.939
939
Head loss due to BEND ANGLE 1 = 0.0
07
Head loss due to BEND ANGLE 2 = 0.07
Total head loss = Head loss due to T in--line
line flow + Head loss due to T flow in branch + Head loss due to
BEND ANGLE 1 + Head loss due to BEND ANGLE 2
Total head loss = 2.34

Scenario 3: Third link on stack is B

Change in direction
PIPE ID

DIA

ANGLE 1

ANGLE 2

P_4_4036_1133

99.55

26.452

78.060

line flow = 0.3 + 0.2

Head loss due to T in-line
Head loss due to T flow in branch = 1.5 + 0.2
BEND ANGLE 1 due to ANGLE 1:- Angle between M1 and pipe = 90 26.452 = 63.547
BEND ANGLE 2 due to ANGLE 2:- Angle between M2 and pipe = 90 78.060 = 11.939
Head loss due to BEND ANGLE 1 = 0.27
Head loss due to BEND ANGLE 2 = 0.07
Total head loss = Head loss due to T in--line
line flow + Head loss due to T flow in branch + Head loss due to
BEND ANGLE 1 + Head loss due to BEND ANGLE 2
Total head loss = 2.54

MWH

MEMORANDUM

Scenario 4: Does ANGLE 1 OR ANGLE 2 < Minimum bend angle (6.25) for first link on stack
(To look for any two adjacent links that could forms a top part of tee)
Change in direction
PIPE ID

DIA

ANGLE 1

ANGLE 2

P_4_4036_1172

144.8

26.452

75.487

As ANGLE 1 and ANGLE 2 are greater than 6.25 condition is not satisfied and no head loss is computed.
Scenario 5: Does ANGLE 1 OR ANGLE 2 < Minimum bend angle (6.25) for second link on stack
(To look for any two adjacent links that could forms a top part of tee)
Change in direction
PIPE ID

DIA

ANGLE 1

ANGLE 2

P_4_4036_1045

144.8

75.487

78.060

As ANGLE 1 and ANGLE 2 are greater than 6.25 condition is not satisfied and no head loss is computed.
Scenario 6: Does ANGLE 1 OR ANGLE 2 < Minimum bend angle (6.25) for third link on stack
(To look for any two adjacent links that could forms a top part of tee)
Change in direction
PIPE ID

DIA

ANGLE 1

ANGLE 2

P_4_4036_1133

99.55

26.452

78.060

As ANGLE 1 and ANGLE 2 are greater than 6.25 condition is not satisfied
satisfied and no head loss is computed.
Scenario 2 is having least head loss i.e. 2.34. Pipe orientation of link P_4_4036_1045 forms orientation of
tee and forms B part of tee.
Determination of M1 and M2
Link with less orientation as compare to B will form M1 and with greater orientation as compare to B will
form M2.
PIPE ID

DIA

DIFFERENCE IN ORIENTATION
WITH B, IF NEGATIVE ADD 360

P_4_4036_1172

144.8

286.256 - 181.743 = 104.512

P_4_4036_1133

99.55

79.804 - 181.743 = -101.939 +

360 = 258.061

As orientation difference for link P_4_4036_1172

P_4_4036_1
is less compare to P_4_4036_1133,, link P_4_4036_1172
will form M1 and link P_4_4036_1133 M2 of proposed Tee.

MWH

MEMORANDUM

Therefore, to conclude tee with orientation of 181.743 is with least head loss. Following table sshows typical
entry in NET_JUNCTION table;

At the end of calculations, head loss due to T in

in-line
line flow is assigned to M2 and head loss due to T flow to
branch is assigned to B.
SIMPLE JUNCTION
Software first determines change of direction between two links at given junction and based on bend angle
(change of direction) calculates required bend combinations and head loss from bend combination table
given in appendix 1.

3 Simple Junction, J_4_4001_1160

Figure 3:
JUNCTION ID

PIPE ID

DIA

J_4_4001_1160 P_4_4001_1239 81.55

P_4_4001_1007 36.2

BEND ANGLE

BEND

QUANTITY

109.740

22_5

90

Head loss = Head loss due to 22_5 bend + Head loss due to 90 bend
Head loss = 0.5 + 0.12
Head loss = 0.62
Head loss assigned to link P_4_4001_1239 is 0.31 and, head loss assigned to link P_4_4001_1007 is 0.31.
Following table shows typical record entry in NET_JUCNTION table;

MWH

JUNCTIO
N_ID
J_4_4001
_1160

MEMORANDUM

TE
ES
0

TEE_ORIEN
TATION

TEE_
ARM

DIA
36.2

AN
GL
E_1

ANGL
E_2

BEND_A
NGLE

BEND_1
1_25

BEND_
22_5

BEND
_45

BEND
_90

109.704

MWH

MEMORANDUM

Appendix 1: Bend combination table

Bend_Id

Bend_11_25

Bend_22_5

Bend
end_45

Bend_90

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Actual_Angle
11.25
22.5
33.75
45
56.25
67.5
78.75
90
101.25
112.5
123.75
135
146.25
157.5
168.75

Min_Angle

Max_Angle

6.25
16.87
26.25
40
48.75
60
68.75
85
93.75
105
113.75
127.5
136.25
147.5
156.25

16.88
27.5
41.25
50
63.75
75
88.75
95
108.75
120
133.75
142.5
156.25
167.5
181.25