Form 4 Chemistry Chapter 8 Salts (a)

Salts
1. A salt is an ionic compound that is formed when the hydrogen ion in an
2.
3.
4.

5.

acid is replaced by a metal ion or ammonium ion.

Salt is neutral, therefore the pH is 7.
Salt is neutral in terms of electrical charges
Salt can be produced from neutralisation reaction between acid and base
H2SO4 + CuO
HCl + KOH
HNO3 + Mg(OH)2
Example of salts from their corresponding acids
Acid

General name of salt

Hydrochloric acid
Nitric acid
Sulphuric acid
Carbonic acid

Examples of salts

Form 4 Chemistry Chapter 8 Salts (a)

Soluble Salts and Insoluble Salts

1. Information on the solubility of salts is useful
a) The separation of salts in a salt mixture
b) Choosing the methods to prepare a salt
c) Identifying the types of ions in a salt in qualitative analysis of salts
2. The solubility of salt in water depends on the types of cations and anions
present as show below
Type of salt

Solubility in water

Sodium, potassium and

All are soluble

ammonium salts
Nitrate salts

All are soluble

Chloride salts
Sulphate salts
Carbonate, oxide and
hydroxide salts
3. Lead halides such as lead(II) chloride, lead(II) bromide and lead(II)
iodide are insoluble in cold water but soluble in hot water.
4. Filtration can be used to separate an insoluble salt from a soluble salts.

Form 4 Chemistry Chapter 8 Salts (a)

Exercise
Determine whether the following salt is soluble or insoluble in water
Salt

Solubility

Salt

Magnesium

Lead(II) oxide

nitrate
Zinc chloride

Ammonium
sulphate

Magnesium

Iron (II) sulphate

sulphate
Barium sulphate

Aluminium
hydroxide

Aluminium

Copper (II)

chloride

hydroxide

Lead (II) nitrate

Potassium
chloride

Zinc oxide

Magnesium
chloride

Barium iodide

Zinc sulphate

Silver chloride

Sodium nitrate

Ammonium

Potassium nitrate

chloride

Solubility

Form 4 Chemistry Chapter 8 Salts (a)

Preparation of Soluble Salt

1. Soluble salt can be produced through four types of reaction:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Exercise
Suggest two methods (if any) to prepare the follow salts. Write the
chemical equation.
1. Sodium chloride

2. Potassium nitrate

3. Ammonium sulphate

4. Zinc sulphate

5. Zinc chloride

6.

Magnesium chloride

7.

Copper(II) sulphate

Form 4 Chemistry Chapter 8 Salts (a)

Question: Copper (II) chloride cannot be prepared by adding copper metal

to hydrochloric acid. Explain. Then, suggest another way to prepare copper
(II) chloride. (3 marks)

Form 4 Chemistry Chapter 8 Salts (a)

SPM Essay Question

Preparation of soluble copper(II) sulphate salt using acid and oxide metal.
(10 marks)

Form 4 Chemistry Chapter 8 Salts (a)

50cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid is added into a beaker and is
____________.
________________ powder is added into the hot sulphuric acid
while continuously stirring with a glass rod.
Copper(II) oxide powder is added and stirred
until_____________________________.
The mixture is ______________ to remove excess copper(II) oxide.
The filtrate is _____________ to about half of its original volume.
The saturated solution is cooled in room temperature for
crystallisation to occur.
Blue crystals formed are removed by filtration and rinsed with
distilled water.
Then, the crystalized salt is dried between filter paper.

Form 4 Chemistry Chapter 8 Salts (a)

Question
1. Why copper(II) oxide powder is used and not copper (II) oxide chips?

2. Why excess copper (II) oxide powder is used?

3. Why the filtrate is not heated until it is dry to produce copper (II) sulphate
salt?

4. How do we know all the acid has reacted completely?

Form 4 Chemistry Chapter 8 Salts (a)

Preparation of Insoluble Salt

1. Insoluble salt exist as precipitate
2. Insoluble salt is prepared by double decomposition or precipitation by
mixing two soluble salt solutions.
3. This method requires two aqueous solutions
4. One of the solutions contains the required position ions while another
solution contains the required negative ions.
5. Example, lead(II) iodide salt can be prepared through the reaction
between lead(II) nitrate and potassium iodide
Chemical equation:
Ionic equation:

Exercises
Complete the following table
Insoluble salt

Required Solution

Silver chloride
Lead (II) iodide
Calcium carbonate

Lead (II) sulphate

Barium sulphate

Form 4 Chemistry Chapter 8 Salts (a)

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Form 4 Chemistry Chapter 8 Salts (a)

Write the chemical and ionic equations for the following double
decomposition reaction below:
a) Lead(II) nitrate and sodium sulphate

b) Calcium chloride and sodium carbonate

c) Barium chloride and sodium sulphate

d) Silver nitrate and potassium chromate (VI)

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Form 4 Chemistry Chapter 8 Salts (a)

Preparation of Insoluble Barium Sulphate

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Form 4 Chemistry Chapter 8 Salts (a)

25cm3 of ________________ is added to 25cm3 of __________________

solution in a beaker
The mixture is stirred with a ___________________.
A white precipitate is formed immediately.
The mixture is __________________ to obtain the white solid of
_____________________ as residue.
The residue is ________________ to remove any traces of other ions in
it.
Then, it is rinsed with distilled water and dried by pressing between two
pieces of ___________________.
Chemical equation:
Ionic Equation:

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