Mamfuds Theory Shite.

2012
Q4a
(i) Gas flows through a constant area duct. If the velocity of gas at the
entry of the duct is subsonic, what would be the effect of friction on the
velocity? (2)
subsonic flow will accelerate to reach sonic velocity
(ii) Gas enters a duct from a large tank at a supersonic speed. What
type of nozzle should connect the tank with the duct and why? (2)
converging diverging
(iii) If air enters a circular pipe at a supersonic speed, what is the effect
of heat addition on the velocity of air as it flows through the pipe? (2)
It will slow down the flow to either sonic state or cause shock.
(iv) What is the maximum Mach number that can be attained by adding
heat to a subsonic compressible flow? (2)
1
Determin reduction of mass flow rate due to shock.
Shock does nae reduce flow rate ina.
Q4b
(iii) Without further calculation, explain the effects of increasing the
length of the tube on exit condition. (5)
Q3
(iii) Explain what would happen if you set the back pressure 15% higher
than what you have calculated in (i). (4)
15% increase in backpressure will make the flow experience shock in
the divergent section of the nozzle and the exit velocity will then be
subsonic. This is because pressure has to decrease in order to maintain
supersonic speed.

2008
Mach number at the exit of a convergent nozzle is M = 0.7. In order to
achieve an exit Mach number of 1.2, it has been suggested to increase
the nozzle length by 15%. Is this the correct solution? (2)
No. Can not increase beyond 1.
2013
(i) If two fighter jets cruise at the same speed at two different altitudes,
explain whether the jets would have the same Mach number. (1)
No depends on state of flow.
(ii) How would you classify the flow regime if the Mach number is less
than 0.2? (1)
Incompressible
(iii) If air enters a converging-diverging nozzle at a Mach number of 0.5
and exits the nozzle at a Mach number of 0.3. What could be the
maximum Mach number at the throat? (1)
1 shock has occurred.
(iv) If back pressure at the exit of a converging nozzle is below the
critical pressure, what would be the Mach number at the exit of the
nozzle? (1)
Supersonic
(v) What type of diffuser (converging or diverging) should be used at
the inlet of a supersonic engine to reduce the speed of air? (1)
converging
(ii) What could be done to prevent the shock inside the nozzle? (3)
Lower back pressure
(i) Air enters a circular pipe at a Mach number of 0.5 and as air flows
through the pipe it experience frictional losses. Explain whether the
exit number will be higher or lower due to friction. (1)
higher 1 at exit
(ii) Gas flows from a large tank through a nozzle into a long pipe. The
Mach number at the entry of the pipe was measured to be 1.2. What
type of nozzle (converging or converging - diverging) was used to
connect the tank to the pipe? (1)
converging diverging

(iii) If air enters a circular pipe at a subsonic speed, what would be the
effect of heat addition on the velocity of air as it flows through the
pipe? (1)
increase flow
(ii) Explain, without further calculation, if the duct length is extended to
0.8 m, and all other parameters are kept constant, what would be
the effect on the Mach number at the entry of the duct? (3)
zero effect
(b) Explain the effect of back pressure on Mach number for an isentropic
flow through a converging nozzle. (5)

a) What is the difference between Fanno and Rayleigh flow? (2)