operation represents in this graph is that, which required to operate the relay when

time setting multiplier set at 1.

From the Time / PSM curve of a typical relay shown below, it is seen that, if PSM is
10, the time of operation of relay is 3 sec. That means, the relay will take 3 seconds to
complete its operation, with time setting 1.
It is also seen from the curve that, for lower value of plug setting multiplier, i.e. for
lower value of fault current, the time of operation of the relay is inversely
proportional to the fault current.
But when PSM becomes more than 20, the operating time of relay becomes almost
constant. This feature is necessary in order to ensure discrimination on very heavy
fault current flowing through sound feeders.

Calculation of Relay Operation Time

For calculating actual relay operating time, we need to know these following
operation.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Current setting.
Fault current level.
Ratio of current transformer.
Time / PSM curve.
Time setting.

Step 1
From CT ratio, we first see the rated secondary current of CT. Say the CT ratio is
100 / 1 A, i.e. secondary current of CT is 1 A.
Step 2
From current setting we calculate the trick current of the relay. Say current setting of
the relay is 150% therefore pick up current of the relay is 1 150% = 1.5 A.
Step 3
Now we have to calculate PSM for the specified faulty current level. For that, we
have to first divide primary faulty current by CT ratio to get relay faulty current. Say
the faulty current level is 1500 A, in the CT primary, hence secondary equivalent of
faulty current is 1500/(100/1) = 15 A

Step 4

Now, after calculating PSM, we have to find out the total time of operation of the
relay from Time / PSM curve. From the curve, say we found the time of operation of
relay is 3 second for PSM = 10.
Step 5
Finally that operating time of relay would be multiplied with time setting multiplier,
in order to get actual time of operation of relay. Hence say time setting of the relay is
0.1.
Therefore actual time of operation of the relay for PSM 10, is 3 0.1 = 0.3 sec or 300
m

Calculate IDMT over Current Relay Setting (50/51)

October 11, 2013 19 Comments

Calculate setting of IDMT over Current Relay for following Feeder and CT
Detail
Feeder Detail: Feeder Load Current 384 Amp, Feeder Fault current Min11KA
and Max 22KA.
CT Detail: CT installed on feeder is 600/1 Amp. Relay Error 7.5%, CT Error
10.0%, CT over shoot 0.05 Sec, CT interrupting Time is 0.17 Sec and Safety is
0.33 Sec.
IDMT Relay Detail:
IDMT Relay Low Current setting: Over Load Current setting is 125%, Plug
setting of Relay is 0.8 Amp and Time Delay (TMS) is 0.125 Sec, Relay Curve
is selected as Normal Inverse Type.
IDMT Relay High Current setting :Plug setting of Relay is 2.5 Amp and
Time Delay (TMS) is 0.100 Sec, Relay Curve is selected as Normal Inverse
Type

Calculation of Over Current Relay Setting:

(1) Low over Current Setting: (I>)

Over Load Current (In) = Feeder Load Current X Relay setting = 384 X
125% =480 Amp
Required Over Load Relay Plug Setting= Over Load Current (In) / CT
Primary Current
Required Over Load Relay Plug Setting = 480 / 600 = 0.8
Pick up Setting of Over Current Relay (PMS) (I>)= CT Secondary
Current X Relay Plug Setting
Pick up Setting of Over Current Relay (PMS) (I>)= 1 X 0.8 = 0.8 Amp
Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM) = Min. Feeder Fault Current / (PMS X (CT
Pri. Current / CT Sec. Current))

Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM) = 11000 / (0.8 X (600 / 1)) = 22.92

Operation Time of Relay as per its Curve
Operating Time of Relay for Very Inverse Curve (t) =13.5 / ((PSM)-1).
Operating Time of Relay for Extreme Inverse Curve (t) =80/ ((PSM)2 -1).
Operating Time of Relay for Long Time Inverse Curve (t) =120 / ((PSM) -1).
Operating Time of Relay for Normal Inverse Curve (t) =0.14 / ((PSM) 0.02
-1).
Operating Time of Relay for Normal Inverse Curve (t)=0.14 / ( (22.92)0.02-1)
= 2.17 Amp
Here Time Delay of Relay (TMS) is 0.125 Sec so
Actual operating Time of Relay (t>) = Operating Time of Relay X TMS
=2.17 X 0.125 =0.271 Sec
Grading Time of Relay = [((2XRelay Error)+CT Error)XTMS]+ Over
shoot+ CB Interrupting Time+ Safety
Total Grading Time of Relay=[((2X7.5)+10)X0.125]+0.05+0.17+0.33 = 0.58
Sec
Operating Time of Previous upstream Relay = Actual operating Time of
Relay+ Total Grading Time Operating Time of Previous up Stream Relay =
0.271 + 0.58 = 0.85 Sec

(2) High over Current Setting: (I>>)

Pick up Setting of Over Current Relay (PMS) (I>>)= CT Secondary

Current X Relay Plug Setting
Pick up Setting of Over Current Relay (PMS) (I>)= 1 X 2.5 = 2.5 Amp
Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM) = Min. Feeder Fault Current / (PMS X (CT
Pri. Current / CT Sec. Current))
Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM) = 11000 / (2.5 X (600 / 1)) = 7.33
Operation Time of Relay as per its Curve
Operating Time of Relay for Very Inverse Curve (t) =13.5 / ((PSM)-1).
Operating Time of Relay for Extreme Inverse Curve (t) =80/ ((PSM)2 -1).
Operating Time of Relay for Long Time Inverse Curve (t) =120 / ((PSM) -1).
Operating Time of Relay for Normal Inverse Curve (t) =0.14 / ((PSM) 0.02
-1).
Operating Time of Relay for Normal Inverse Curve (t)=0.14 / ( (7.33)0.021) = 3.44 Amp
Here Time Delay of Relay (TMS) is 0.100 Sec so
Actual operating Time of Relay (t>) = Operating Time of Relay X TMS
=3.44 X 0.100 =0.34 Sec
Grading Time of Relay = [((2XRelay Error)+CT Error)XTMS]+ Over
shoot+ CB Interrupting Time+ Safety
Total Grading Time of Relay=[((2X7.5)+10)X0.100]+0.05+0.17+0.33 = 0.58
Sec
Operating Time of Previous upstream Relay = Actual operating Time of
Relay+ Total Grading Time.
Operating Time of Previous up Stream Relay = 0.34 + 0.58 = 0.85 Sec