Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
on
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
(PPC11)
BookofAbstracts
CidadedeGoa,Goa,INDIA
November914,2014
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry(PPC11)
UK
China
Japan
USA
Japan
Czech Republic
Sweden
Japan
India
Germany
USA
Russia
Advisory Committee
R. K. Sinha, Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission, India
S. Basu, Director, BARC, Mumbai
P. R. Vasudeva Rao, Director, IGCAR, Kalpakkam
K. L. Ramakumar, Director, RC&I Group, BARC, Mumbai
D. Srivastava, Director, VECC, Kolkata
M. K. Sanyal, Director, SINP, Kolkata
S. K. Aggarwal, Asso. Director, RC&I Group, BARC, Mumbai
B. N. Jagatap, Director, Chemistry Group, BARC, Mumbai
S. R. Shetye,Vice Chancellor, Goa University, Goa
C. S. Sundar, Director, Materials Group, IGCAR, Kalpakkam
S. L. Chaplot, Director, Physics Group, BARC, Mumbai
S. G. Markandeya, Controller, BARC, Mumbai
N. Ramamoorthy, Asso. Director, IC&TC, BARC, Mumbai
Organized
by
BhabhaAtomicResearchCentre
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry(PPC11)
Organizing Committee
Co-organized by
IndianAssociationof
NuclearChemistsand
AlliedScientists
SahaInstitute
ofNuclearPhysics
IndiraGandhiCentrefor
AtomicResearch
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
TechnicalProgram
Sunday
November 9, 2014
15:30
19:00
Dinner
Monday
9:00-10:00
Inauguration
10:00-10:30
In Memoriam
10:30-11:00
Tea Break
11:00-13:00
11:00-11:35
PL1
11:35-12:00
IT1
12:00-12:12
OP1
12:12-12:24
OP2
12:24-12:36
OP3
12:36-12:48
OP4
13:00-14:00
Lunch
14:00-15:30
14:00-14:35
PL2
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,2014
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
14:35-15:00
IT2
15:00-15:12
OP5
15:12-15:24
OP6
15:30-16:00
Tea Break
16:00-17:30
16:00-16:25
IT3
16:25-16:45
IP1
16:45-16:57
OP7
16:57-17:09
OP8
17:09-17:21
OP9
17:21-17:31
19:00
Tuesday
9:00-10:30
9:00-9:35
PL3
9:35-10:00
IT4
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,2014
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
10:00-10:12
OP10
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OP11
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OP12
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Tea Break
11:00-13:00
11:00-11:25
IT5
11:25-11:50
IT6
11:50-12:02
OP13
12:02-12:14
OP14
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OP15
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12:36-12:46
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Lunch
14:00-16:00
14:00-14:25
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CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,2014
11thInternationalWorkshopon
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IP2
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IP3
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OP16
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OP17
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16:30-19:30
Tea Break
Technical Session VII : Poster Presentation
19:30
Wednesday
Dinner
9:00-10:30
9:00-9:35
PL4
9:35-9:55
IP4
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OP18
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OP19
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OP20
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,2014
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
10:31-11:00
Tea Break
11:00-13:00
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IT9
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IT10
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IT11
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OP21
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OP22
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13:00
Thursday
9:00-10:30
9:00-9:35
PL5
9:35-9:55
IP5
9:55-10:07
OP23
10:07-10:19
OP24
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,2014
of
multiferroic
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
10:19-10:31
OP25
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OP26
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Tea Break
11:00-13:00
11:00-11:25
IT12
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IT13
11:50-12:10
IP6
12:10-12:22
OP27
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OP28
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OP29
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OP30
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Lunch
14:00-15:30
14:00-14:25
IT14
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,2014
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14:25-14:50
IT15
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OP31
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OP32
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OP33
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Tea Break
16:00-17:30
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IT16
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IT17
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IT18
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OP34
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OP35
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OP36
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Banquet
Friday
9:00-10:30
9:00-9:35
PL6
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,2014
11thInternationalWorkshopon
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9:35-10:00
IT19
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IT20
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11:00-12:00
Tea Break
Technical Session XV : Facilities and Experimental
11:00-11:25
IT21
Positron-Annihilation
bremsstrahlung
A. Wagner
11:25-11:37
OP37
11:37-11:49
OP38
12:00-13:00
Lifetime
spectroscopy
PL:PlenaryTalk
IT:InvitedTalk
IP:InvitedPresentation
OP:OralPresentation
P:PosterPresentation
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,2014
using
electron
11thInternationalWorkshopon
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Plenary Talks
PL1
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No.
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PL3
PL4
PL5
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Invited Talks
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IT4
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Positron-Annihilation
bremsstrahlung
lifetime
spectroscopy
using
electron
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IP1
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IP2
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IP3
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IP4
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IP5
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Invited Presentations
Oral Presentations
OP1
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CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,2014
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OP4
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OP5
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OP7
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OP8
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OP10
Effect of alkali metal ions in vacancy defect and defect cluster in MgO
nanocrystallites by positron annihilation spectroscopy
48
OP11
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OP12
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OP13
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OP14
52
OP15
53
OP16
54
OP17
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OP18
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OP19
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OP20
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OP22
PALS and DBAR study on LiClO4 doped PVA - NaAlg blend based
polymer electrolyte
60
OP23
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OP25
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OP28
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OP30
Investigation on correlation between defects and conductivity of Sbdoped SnO2 thin films
68
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OP33
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CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,2014
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P3
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P4
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P5
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P6
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P7
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P8
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P11
Positron Trapping
Nanocomposite
Photochromic
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P12
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P13
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P14
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P16
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P20
Positron Annihilation
PMMA/MWNT
of
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Studies
on
PVA/MPDMAPP
Spectroscopy
and
orientation
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,2014
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P40
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CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,2014
11thInternationalWorkshopon
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PLENARYTALKS
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,20141
PL1
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
e-mail: frans.maurer@polymat.lth.se
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,20142
PL2
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
e-mail: stepanov@itep.ru
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,20143
PL3
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
e-mail: Jan.Kuriplach@mff.cuni.cz
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,20144
PL4
11thInternationalWorkshopon
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H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Ave. Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
2
AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, RG7 4PR, UK
3
Food Concept & Physical Design, Mhleweg 10, CH-4112 Flh, Switzerland
4
University of Cambridge, Cavendish Laboratory, Biological and & Soft Systems Section,
Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
5
DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Wurmisweg 576, CH-4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
It is now well established that Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS) is a
unique and versatile technique for direct evaluation of the local free volume which exists in
polymeric matter due to their irregular molecular packing, density fluctuations and
topological constraints [1]. This local free volume, consisting of a large number of subnanometre sized free volume elements (commonly referred to as holes), plays an important
role in molecular mobility related phenomena such as self-diffusion, the glass transition,
mechanical strength and a host of other physical behaviour [2]. Over the past decade, PALS
has been successfully used to study a range of practical implications of the free volume in the
applications of polymers in a variety of industrial scenarios.
In this presentation, we attempt to give an overview of activities within the positron
community in recent years which aim to provide insights into the aspects of the design of
polymers for specific industrial applications with the view to attracting potential interest from
relevant industries. This talk would concentrate on relevant work of the Bristol positron
group in this area together with a summary of other similar activities within the positron
community. The talk would incorporate the following themes:
(i) free volume and barrier properties of edible biopolymers for their applications in
encapsulation of bioactive ingredients in the pharmaceutical and food industries [3],
(ii) barrier / permeation properties of appropriate polymers with the view to enable gas
permeation / separation etc. [4], and
(iii) role of free volume in polymer nano-composites [5].
[1] Y.C. Jean, P.E. Mallon and D.E. Schrader, Principles and Applications of Positron and
Positronium Chemistry (2003).
[2] G. Dlubek, in Polymer Physics: From Suspensions to Nanocomposites and Beyond, eds.
L.A. Utracki and A.M. Jamieson, John Wiley & Sons (2011).
[3] M. Roussenova et al., New J. Phys. 14 (2012) 035016.
[4] Q. Song et al., Energy & Environmental Science, 5 (2012) 8359.
[5] see for example D.J. Hughes et al., J. Phys: Conf Series, 443 (2013) 012045.
e-mail: m.a.alam@bristol.ac.uk
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,20145
PL5
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
e-mail: css@igcar.gov.in
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,20146
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
PL6
MePS is the Mono-energetic Positron Source at ELBE (Electron LINAC for beams with
high Brilliance and low Emittance) at the HZDR (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf).
The user operation started in 2013. The chopper was also added to the system in 2013 leading
to very clean spectra almost without any spurious signals and a peak-to-background ratio of
>104. The current time resolution of about 400 ps is expected to be further improved during
the next beam times in summer 2014. The MePS system is especially suited for the lifetime
spectroscopy of positronium. The reason is that the repetition frequency can be reduced to 26
MHz 2-n, n=0, 1, 2 16. This is possible without noticeable losses in intensity in this
range. The reason is that the transported charge of individual electron bunches can be
increased until either the average beam power of > 40 kW or the maximum bunch charge of
> 77 pC is exceeded. In the moment an electron bunch repetition time of 615 ps is our
standard time setting. This is ideal for rather long o-Ps lifetimes which are to be expected in
porosimetry studies of mesoporous pore systems.
In the talk, the recent progress of the MePS system will be demonstrated. Examples for
porosimetry studies will be shown. Furthermore, planned improvements such as an MCPPMT diagnostic stage and the concept of a new sample chamber including a sample
magazine and a temperature sample stage will be introduced.
e-mail: reinhard.krause-rehberg@physik.uni-halle.de
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,20147
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
InvitedTalks
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,20148
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
IT1
Polymers are widely used nowadays, from simple plastic bags via insulating materials
to high tech applications like adhesives or gas separation membranes, and many applications
like gas separation membranes or adhesive applications require thin polymeric films on
substrates. Important for properties like diffusion, viscosity, and permeability of membranes
is the free volume, which is, to a first approach, the unoccupied space between atoms. This
free volume can be probed by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, in particular, as a
simple quantum mechanical model allows semi-quantitative calculation of average hole size
from measured o-Ps lifetime.
In the present talk, selected applications of positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy
to various problems of thin polymeric films on substrates will be presented. For high free
volume membrane materials, on the one hand, aging, i.e. decreasing of the available free
volume and thus the performance with time has to be taken into account. As an example, we
have measured the change in free volume during aging of thin films of a polymer of intrinsic
microporosity (PIM-1) by depth resolved positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy [1]. For
films with thickness, d, smaller than 1 m, aging is nearly complete after 3 months, whereas
for films with d > 1 m, aging continues even after several months. Aging is thickness and
time dependent and the free volume diffuses through the film to the free surface. A recent
investigation [2] shows that this effect can be partially reduced by incorporating carbon
nanotubes without reducing membrane performance.
On the other hand, the substrate might affect the free volume due to restrictions in
alignement of polymer chains or interaction. We performed positron annihilation lifetime
spectroscopy experiments at Teflon AF/silicon interfaces as function of the positron
implantation energy to determine the free volume hole size distribution in the interfacial
region and to investigate the width of the interphase [3]. While no interphase was detected in
very short chained, solvent-free, thermally evaporated Teflon AF, an interphase of some tens
of nm in extension was observed for high molecular weight spin-coated Teflon AF films.
Recent experiments with a focussed beam through a hole in the substrate show even larger
reduction in free volume at the interface [4].
[1] S. Harms, K. Rtzke, F. Faupel, N. Chaukura, P. M. Budd W. Egger, L. Ravelli, The
Journal of Adhesion 88, (2012) 608.
[2] T. Koschine, K. Rtzke, F. Faupel, M. M. Khan, T. Emmler, V. Filiz, V.Abetz, L.
Ravelli, W. Egger, In preparation
[3] S. Harms, K. Rtzke, V. Zaporojtchenko, F. Faupel W. Egger, L. Ravelli, Polymer 52,
(2011) 505.
[4] C. Ohrt, T. Koschine, K. Rtzke, F. Faupel, N. Oshima, Y. Kobayashi, R. Suzuki, A.
Uedono, (2014) to be published.
e-mail: kr@tf.uni-kiel.de
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,20149
IT2
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
e-mail: bichitra.ganguly@saha.ac.in
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201410
IT3
11thInternationalWorkshopon
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Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Oarai, Ibaraki 311-1313, Japan
Research Institute of Instrumentation Frontier, National Institute of Advanced Industrial
Science and Technology, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
It is well known that positron and positronium are very useful tools to study the
degradation of the various materials related to nuclear reactors, which is very important for
the safety issues, especially after the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear accident. In this talk, we
will introduce the several examples to apply positron annihilation spectroscopy to the nuclear
materials.
The first topic is the neutron irradiation induced embrittlement of the reactor pressure
vessel (RPV) steels of light water reactors. The embrittlement is considered to be mainly
caused by the irradiation-induced changes in the microstructures such as the formation of the
Cu rich nano-clusters (CRNCs) and matrix damages (MDs) due to irradiation-induced point
defect clusters. The advantage to use positron annihilation, compared with other
microstructural tools such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and three-dimensional
atom probe (3D-AP), is that positron can detect both the MDs and the CRNCs due to positron
affinity trapping. In the presentation, we will show the applications of age-momentum
correlation (AMOC) of positron annihilation to the RPVs and their model alloy systems [1].
This technique expects to give useful information on the interaction between MD and CRNC
formations.
The second topic is the structural study on high level radioactive waste glasses (RWGs)
[2,3]. The intrinsic structural open spaces in RWGs (supposed to use silica-based glasses) are
of particular importance, because they act as stable containers to confine the radioactive
nuclei of nuclear waste for long periods. The radioactive nuclei are expected to occupy the
intrinsic structural open spaces surrounded by the glass random networks of RWGs.
Therefore, information on the structural open spaces is strongly desirable with respect to the
safe storage of radioactive nuclei. Usually, positron lifetime method (o-Ps lifetime) is
employed to estimate the size of the open spaces in glass materials using Tao-Eldrup model.
However, momentum distribution study using angular correlation of annihilation radiation
(ACAR) technique is very useful and reliable in the presence of chemical and/or spin reaction
with Ps. In the presentation, we will compare ACAR results with o-Ps lifetimes for several
model glasses of RWG, and discuss the possible interaction between Ps and the impurity
centers in the glasses.
[1] K. Inoue, Y. Nagai, Z. Tang, T. Toyama, Y. Hosoda, A. Tsuto, and M. Hasegawa, Phys.
Rev. B 83 (2011) 115459.
[2] K. Inoue, H. Kataoka, Y. Nagai, M. Hasegawa, Y. Kobayashi, J. Appl. Phys. 114 (2013)
154904.
[3] K. Inoue, H. Kataoka, Y. Nagai, M. Hasegawa, and Y. Kobayashi, J. Appl. Phys. (2014)
in press.
e-mail: nagai@imr.tohoku.ac.jp
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201411
IT4
11thInternationalWorkshopon
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e-mail: rafael.ferragut@polimi.it
web site: http://www.como.polimi.it/positron
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201412
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IT5
e-mail: d.cassidy@ucl.ac.uk
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201413
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Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
A Ps atom can undergo orthopara spin conversion reaction during PsXe collisions
due to spinorbit interaction [1,2]. When o-Ps atoms are converted into p-Ps atoms, the
annihilation rate is considerably increased. We investigated energydependence of this
reaction rate and developed a new method for measuring Ps temperature.
First, we measured o-Ps annihilation rate
in gaseous Xe at several temperatures ( T , 300
623 K) at 250 kPa using a digital-oscilloscopebased positron annihilation lifetime spectrometer.
Owing to Zeeman mixing of Ps spin states in a
magnetic field, the two-photon annihilation rate
was analytically divided into two components:
one was due to the Ps spin conversion, while the
other was due to pick-off annihilation. We found
that the spin-conversion annihilation rate was
proportional to T 2.1 , which can be explained by a
model assuming that the spin conversion occurs
only in p-wave scattering and that, Ps velocity
profile
follows
a
Maxwell-Boltzmann
distribution after thermalization (Fig. 1). We also
found that the pick-off annihilation rate was
almost proportional to T 1.0 ,which is a
dependence exceptionally stronger than that
observed in many other gases by unknown
reasons.
Second, we developed a new method
measuring Ps temperature by applying the fact
that the spin conversion annihilation rate
strongly depends on the o-Ps kinetic energy. In
other words, a small change in the energy leads
to a large change in the two-photon annihilation
rate. Utilizing the reaction as a "lens" to magnify
the o-Ps kinetic energy, we obtain its time
evolution by measuring the time-resolved two- Fig. 2: Time evolution of o-Ps kinetic
photon annihilation rate using an age-momentum energy. The fit curve is based on a
correlation spectrometer. The time evolution of classical model assuming elastic
collisions.
o-Ps kinetic energy can be explained by a
classical model [3] that assumes elastic collisions in a time range later than 20 ns and an
energy range of lower than 60 meV (Fig. 2). The PsXe momentum-transfer cross section is
found to be 12(2) 1016 cm2.
[1] J. Mitroy and S. A. Novikov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 (2003) 183202.
[2] H. Saito and T. Hyodo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 (2006) 253402.
[3] Y. Nagashima et al., Phys. Rev. A 52 (1995) 258.
e-mail: shibuken@gakushikai.jp
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201414
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Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) and Physik Department E21, Technische Universitt
Mnchen, Garching, Germany
2
Lehrstuhl fr Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander Universitt, ErlangenNrnberg, Germany
Novel materials for catalytic applications in chemical industry consist of an ionic liquid,
dispersed as a thin film on the inner surface of a highly porous solid. Dissolving
homogeneous transition metal complexes in the ionic liquid film allows tailoring of solid
materials with defined properties and a controlled chemical reactivity. These materials can be
handled like classical heterogeneous catalysts or adsorbents. Since it is of great importance to
study the film forming process in the volume of a porous support in a non-destructive manner
positron annihilation techniques have been applied.
In the present experiment we have studied silica gel samples loaded with 0-70% ionic
liquids. First, the samples were analyzed by Doppler broadening spectroscopy (DBS) and
coincident DBS. In a second step, all samples have been characterized by positron lifetime
spectroscopy (PLS) in order to observe variations of the pore size distribution. The results of
the DBS showed a very high decrease of the S-parameter of about 8% between the asreceived and the 70% loaded material. This trend is clearly supported by the CDBS
measurements. All samples show an almost linear dependence on the S- and W-parameter. In
order to get a deeper insight to the positron state in the different samples the lifetime spectra
were decomposed, and the mean void radii were determined using the Tao-Eldrup model.
e-mail: Christoph.Hugenschmidt@frm2.tum.de
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201415
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11thInternationalWorkshopon
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The pore structure of solids is of significant importance for their numerous applications.
The most commonly used methods of pore characterization are gas adsorption experiments.
The proper interpretation of the adsorption data requires complete and precise description of
the related mechanisms (e.g., the adsorbate multilayer formation on the solid surface or
adsorbate condensation as well as pore blocking percolation and cavitation during desorption
processes). Recently positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) was successfully
used to investigate adsorption phenomena [1]. The in situ monitoring of n-heptane adsorption
and desorption in porous materials by PALS may give an extended insight in the mechanism
of these processes.
The intensity of the PALS component related to the mesopores is the parameter most
comparable to the results of a typical adsorption experiment. (Fig.1). However, only the
interpretation of other parameters of the PALS components, such as mean lifetime and its
dispersion, is required for better insight into the sorption process. The components related to
n-heptane inside the filled pores and silica n-heptane interface present in the PALS spectra
reveal phenomena unknown so far. Among them is the possible reorganisation of n-heptane
molecules being in contact with the adsorbent surface when pores are filled. Moreover, the
formation of the n-heptane multilayer made of island-like during adsorption was observed,
while a much smoother layer of adsorbed n-heptane is present during desorption.
Fig. 1: The intensity of the mesopore-related component as a function of the n-heptane relative
pressure during adsorption (open symbols) and desorption (full symbols) for different silicas with
bell-mouthed (left), ink-bottle (middle) and cylindrical (right) pores.
[1] R. Zaleski et al., Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 154 (2012) 142; A. Kierys et al., Micropor.
Mesopor. Mater. 179 (2013) 104; A. Kierys et al., Adsorption 19 (2013) 529.
*
The research was supported by Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education through
the grant no. 2013/09/D/ST2/03712.
e-mail: radek@zaleski.umcs.pl
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201416
IT9
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
The author is grateful for collaboration with Koji Michishio, Hiroki Terabe, Shimpei Iida,
Takashi Yamashi, Takayuki Tachibana, Izumi Mochizuki, Ken Wada and Toshio Hyodo.
This work is supported in part by a Grant-in Aid for Scientific Research (No. 24221006)
from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan and Matsuo Foundation.
e-mail: ynaga@rs.kagu.tus.ac.jp
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201417
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
IT10
We thank the staff of the Photon Factory and the Accelerator Laboratory of KEK for their
support in the operation of the Slow Positron Facility. This work has been partly supported
by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) 24221007 and for Young Scientists (B)
25800182 from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
e-mail: toshio.hyodo@kek.jp
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201418
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
IT11
An understanding of materials properties is crucial for the design and use of materials
and coatings in extreme conditions. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and
associated techniques provide non-destructive methods to study the free volume inside
polymeric materials, and to study material characteristics over a depth profile [1-3]. Cast free
films of solvent- and water-borne, non-chromated aerospace primers, when cured for about
one week, had very different water vapor transport (through-plane) behavior [4]. In addition,
both types of primer films showed strong anisotropic behavior in in-plane versus throughplane water vapor transport rates [4]. We evaluated the solvent- and water-borne aircraft
primer films and report the differences between the samples and their surface depth profiles.
In bulk PALS measurements, an aged,
solvent based film exhibited typical lifetimes
100000
and intensities for a particulate-containing
Front Face
Back Face
polymer film on both faces. In contrast,
aqueous-based films exhibited differences,
10000
s
dependent on the orientation of the face (see
t
n
u
Fig. 1). In all water-borne samples, the I3
o
C
value of the back of the sample was smaller
1000
and the associated free fractional volume
decreased in value. Primer film samples were
also evaluated with monoenergetic positron
100
185 225 265 305 345 385
beam techniques to generate depth profile
Channel Number
information. The heterogeneity in the samples
Fig.
1:
In
bulk
PALS
analysis,
a
significant
was verified by Doppler broadening of energy
spectroscopy (DBES). A model for the difference is observed in front and back
differences in the faces of the films, and their faces of an aqueous base aircraft primer
film.
layered structure is discussed.
Table 1. Mean pick-off lifetimes, intensities, free volumes and fractional free volumes for aqueousversus organic-base primer films in differing orientations. ((#) = calc. error in last sig. digit reported).
Primer Film Sample
Aqueous-base face-to-face
Aqueous-base back-to-back
Organic-base face-to-face
Organic-base back-to-back
3 (ns)
2.00(1)
1.98(2)
2.20(2)
2.17(2)
I3 (%)
11.2(1)
6.8(1)
6.5(1)
7.2(1)
fv(3)
98(1)
96(2)
117(2)
114(2)
ffv(%)
1.98(4)
1.18(3)
1.39(3)
1.49(3)
e-mail: vanhornj@umkc.edu
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201419
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
IT12
e-mail: amar@igcar.gov.in
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201420
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
IT13
e-mail: honda@sanken.osaka-u.ac.jp
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201421
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
IT14
e-mail: drsanb@yahoo.com
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201422
IT15
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
e-mail: m.roussenova@bristol.ac.uk
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201423
IT16
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
e-mail: brusa@science.unitn.it
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201424
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
IT17
e-mail: hecq@whu.edu.cn
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201425
IT18
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
Metal-organic framework crystals have attracted immense interest over the last decade
because of their application in gas storage, separation and catalysis. Positronium has shown
great promise as a unique, in situ probe to reveal the pore structure in these new crystals.
Positronium is seen to exist in a delocalized state in these self-assembled metal-organic
framework crystals with large (~1.5 nm) cell sizes. The transport properties of long-lived
triplet positronium hypothesized to be in a Bloch-state was probed for the first time with
simple positron annihilation lifetime technique [1]. Delocalized positronium has shown
unprecedented high mobility driven primarily by weak phonon. The unique behaviour of long
lived positronium in metal organic frameworks will be discussed. The evolution of nano scale
pore structure during chemical exposure as well as the collapse of pores under humidity will
also be discussed.
[1] D. Dutta et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 (2013) 197403.
e-mail: dhanadeep.dutta@gmail.com
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201426
IT19
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
Fig 1. Advanced Positron Beam System For Materials Studies [Under Development]
* We gratefully acknowledge support from the NSF under MRI 1338130 and DMR-
0907007.
e-mail: Weiss@uta.edu
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201427
IT20
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
e-mail: nagayasu-oshima@aist.go.jp
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201428
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
IT21
e-mail: a.wagner@hzdr.de
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201429
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
InvitedPresentations
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201430
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
IP1
e-mail: dsrivas@barc.gov.in
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201431
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
IP2
The properties of liquids confined in nanopores are different from their bulk phase
owing to the combined effect of finite size, surface forces, surface anisotropy and reduced
dimensionality. In such nanoscale, the intermolecular interactions between the liquid and the
pore surface as well as within the liquid molecules should explicitly be considered in order to
understand these properties. The nanoscale confinement of water has attracted considerable
attention due to its relevance to fundamental physics, biological and geological processes as
well as technological developments at nanoscale. Nanoconfined water can be supercooled
below its freezing temperature and exhibit anomalous properties, which is attributed to the
effect of surface interactions which modify the hydrogen-bonded network resulting in the
formation of new phases.
Our studies using positron annihilation lifetime and Doppler broadening spectroscopy
revealed the new phase transition temperature of confined water. The dynamics of water in
confinement is probed through relaxation times measured using nuclear magnetic resonance
and dielectric relaxation techniques. The dependence of phase behavior on the configuration
of water was also probed. The present talk will summarize our recent result on phase
behavior of water confined in slit-like and cylindrical pores of clay and MCM 41,
respectively. The result on the structure and dynamics of water confined in MCM 41
nanopores at different hydration levels will also be discussed.
e-mail: priyam@barc.gov.in
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201432
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
IP3
The shortest lifetimes on the positron annihilation lifetime spectra for room temperature
ionic liquids (RTIL) were anomalously long [1]. The positron age dependence of Sparameters and W-parameters obtained by the age momentum correlation (AMOC)
measurements
for
the
RTIL,
N,N,N-trimethyl-N-propylammonium
bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TMPA-TFSI), showed very strange tendency at younger
age region than 1ns [2]. Probably, the most suitable explanation for the change of S and W
for RTIL is slow Ps bubble formation [2].
Positronium (Ps) has negative work function in insulating materials and forms a bubble,
so-called Ps bubble, in liquids. It is needed to lose energy to be in a stable bubble state.
However it is considered that this relaxation process is too fast to detect by the positron
annihilation lifetime (PAL) or AMOC measurements with the time resolution of 150-200ps.
The AMOC study for RTIL [2] indicated that the Ps bubble formation is slow. Therefore the
oscillation of the bubble size is expected to be seen by PAL or AMOC measurements.
The ortho-Ps pick off annihilation probability depends on the size of the Ps bubble and
hence the oscillation on the PAL spectra is expected. In the case of usual liquids, bubble
formation time is, probably, very fast and then there have been no report of the oscillation
observed by PAL with the time resolution of about 150-200ps. Now the bubble formation in
RTIL is slow and it is expected to be able to see the oscillation on the PAL spectra.
If the ortho-Ps annihilation lifetime
of 3.35ns is applied, ortho-Ps annihilation
becomes more than para-Ps annihilation at
around the positron age of 300ps. The
para-Ps annihilation might be slower at the
young positron age region in RTIL, and
then the ortho-Ps annihilation can be more
than para-Ps annihilation at around 500ps
at latest. It means that the oscillation was
expected to be seen around the positron
Fig.1 Positron age dependence of the oscillation
age of 400-500ps.
component appeared on lifetime spectrum of
The result for TMPA-TFSI was
TMPA-TFSI at 25C.
indicated in Fig.1. This result strongly
indicated that the Ps bubble formation in RTIL must be slow. Moreover, PAL measurement
can be a strong tool to investigate the viscoelastic properties of RTIL to study the structure in
the sab-nano meter scale.
[1] T. Hirade, Materials Science Forum 607 (2009) 232.
[2] T. Hirade, T. Oka, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 443 (2013) 012060.
*This research was partially supported by a Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science
and Technology Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), 23600011, 2011-2014.
e-mail: t.hirade@kurenai.waseda.jp
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201433
IP4
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
e-mail: cr@physics.uni-mysore.ac.in;crang1@rediffmail.com
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201434
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
IP5
School of Pure & Applied Physics, 2 International and Inter University Centre for
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560,
India
3
Applied Nuclear Physics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata 700064, India
The advent of multiferroic compounds like BiFeO3 and its modified forms has opened
up new avenues of research [1] and positron annihilation spectroscopy is very supportive for
the studies of their defect properties. Positron lifetime (PL) and coincidence Doppler
broadening spectroscopic (CDBS) experiments were carried out on BiFeO3 samples doped
with Pr (in place of Bi) in different concentrations (x = 0, 0.05, , 0.3). The experiments
were carried out with the source-sample assembly in vacuum to avoid air, moisture and
absorbed gases.
1.6
10
10
10
10
10
x=0
x = 0.15
x = 0.3
50
Coincidence counts
10
x=0
x = 0.15
x = 0.3
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
10
15
20
-3
p L (10
25
30
35
40
m 0 c)
The peak-normalized PL spectra of a few samples (x = 0, 0.15 and 0.3) are shown in
Fig. 1. The spectra yielded three components, the defect-related component 2 representing an
admixture of lifetimes of positrons annihilating within the vacancy-type defects in the
nanocrystallites and those getting annihilated at the nanocrystallite surfaces. When Pr3+ ions
are added, a number of Bi3+ vacancies are occupied and positron trapping is reduced. From x
= 0.15 to 0.3, I2 decreased marginally but 2 has increased from 311 to 338 ps, indicating
many of the vacancies are filled by Pr3+ ions and more number of positrons are diffusing to
the surfaces of the crystallites. The CDBS ratio curves showed that the doped samples have
features markedly different from those of the x = 0 sample (Fig. 2). The enhancement of the
peak at pL = 2010-3 m0c due to positron annihilation with the 2p electrons of oxygen
suggests increased trapping in cationic vacancy defects. The change of lattice parameters
(3.9661-3.9248) or the crystallite sizes (28.6-34.2nm) due to doping were inconsequential
as they were below the thermal diffusion length of positrons.
[1] A. Mukherjee et al., J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 46 (2013) 495309.
e-mail: pmg.nambissan@saha.ac.in
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201435
IP6
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
e-mail: m.butterling@hzdr.de
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201436
IP7
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakatashirane, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
2
Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
Slowing down process of electrons ejected from water molecules in a liquid phase plays
a substantial role in the spatial distribution of those electrons and the distribution determines
following chemical processes in water radiolysis or biological damage induction by ionizing
radiation. The slowing down process has been studied by both theoretical and experimental
approaches so far. We have developed a dynamical calculation code of the electrons to
calculate precisely the process in liquid water [1]. The code consists essentially of a
Newtonian equation and a time-evolutional Monte-Carlo method. It, however, has been
employed cross sections in a gas phase.
Cross sections for rotational- and phononmodes excitation significantly contribute to the
electron slowing down process. We, however,
have no data of the cross sections of liquid
phase. Currently we calculated the cross
sections using an optical approximation [2] with
dielectric functions reported in a literature [3].
We improved our code [1] using the cross
e-mail: kai.takeshi@jaea.go.jp
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201437
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
OralPresentation
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201438
OP1
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
e-mail: sangramkrath@yahoo.co.in
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201439
OP2
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, School of Physics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL,
United Kingdom
2
Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
e-mail: D.J.Hughes@bristol.ac.uk
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201440
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
OP3
Innovative gas selective polymeric membranes are essential in applications where gas
separation is required such as in the carbon dioxide capture and sequestration, in hydrogen
purification or in the dehydration of air as well as in advanced functional systems for gas
sensing. In this work we present an experimental study on the preparation and
characterization of nanocomposite membranes consisting of filler nanoparticles, namely
graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs) and magnetic Co nanoparticles, dispersed in a polymeric
matrix. The characterization of the size and concentration of free-volumes in these
nanocomposites is of fundamental importance to understand the gas transport mechanisms
and the gas separation properties of the membrane.
Polyethylene based polymeric membranes were selected as a matrix material because of
their good mechanical strength, ease processing and good compatibility with inorganic fillers.
Polymeric membranes with thickness in the 100 m range with different values of crosslinking densities have been prepared that give rise to different glass transition (Tg) values, as
confirmed by the Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measurements. Fourier transform
infra-red (FTIR) have been used to insure the complete crosslinking of the pure polymeric
membranes as well as the structural changes in the nanocomposite membranes. The gas
permeability, diffusion and selectivity for CO2, H2 and N2 were studied by gas permeation
measurements. A strong correlation between the crosslinking densities, glass transition
temperature and gas transport properties in the nanocomposite membranes was observed: the
permeability for all gases diminishes, in fact, by increasing the crosslinking density in the
polymers. Data analysis indicates that gas solubility only show minor variations whereas the
diffusion constant changes significantly as a function of crosslinking density.
The correlation between the free volumes, as studied by positron annihilation lifetime
spectroscopy (PALS), and gas transport through the nanocomposite membrane, as studied by
gas phase permeation technique, will also be discussed through the Cohen and Turnbull
equation:
V
D A exp
(1)
V
f
e-mail: pushkhem6@gmail.com
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201441
OP4
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
e-mail: hamdyfm@gmail.com
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201442
OP5
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
e-mail: t.ymst@s.tohoku.ac.jp
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201443
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
OP6
Positron annihilation in dense gas has been studied to investigate a correlation between
positronium (Ps) and gas molecules. However, Ps annihilation with gas should depend
strongly on the kinetic energy of Ps, and Ps itself forms in the gas by the Ore mechanism. To
take Ps slowing down into account, the kinetic energy of Ps is crucial to investigate Ps
annihilation in gas.
The energy range of Ore gap of Ar gas is from 9 eV (Ps formation threshold) to 11.7 eV
(first electronic excitation threshold of Ar); the kinetic energy of Ps formed by Ore
mechanism is expected to be in the range from 0 eV to 2.7 eV. From a view point of atomic
physics, the Ps formation cross-section in a dilute Ar gas is in the range between 9 eV and100
eV. In dense Ar gas, Ps with a kinetic energy more than 6.8 eV would break up into a positron
and an electron by a collision [1]. In spite of the initial kinetic energy of Ps depends on Ar
gas density, unfortunately, it has not been measured precisely.
We performed a positron annihilation age-momentum correlation (AMOC)
measurement in Ar gas for 5.0 MPa and 7.5 MPa at room temperature, to observe the initial
kinetic energy of Ps and to reveal the Ps slowing down process below 6.8 eV. Time resolution
of this system was 300 ps at the full width at half maximum (FWHM). Energy resolution of
this system was 1.23 keV at 511 keV at FWHM. The positron source (22Na, 0.5 MBq) was
sandwiched between two sheets of 5 m of the Ni foil (purity > 99%). The positron source
was placed in the center of a cylindrical high-pressure vessel with a diameter of 2.8 cm and a
height of 5.0 cm.
Doppler broadening of p-Ps annihilation gamma-ray is smaller than that of the free
positron annihilation gamma-ray. The p-Ps component was observed within 1 ns. By
separating the free positron component and p-Ps component, we determined the kinetic
energy of Ps (Eps) in every time step. Ps lost its energy down to 1 eV (2 eV) for the pressure
of 7.5 MPa (5.0 MPa) in this time region. The energy loss of Ps is written by
2 nM m
3
dEPs
m Ar Ps2 2mPs EPs (t)(EPs (t) kBT )
2
dt
M Ar mPs
(1)
Where
is the Ps-Ar momentum transfer cross-section,
the Ar mass,
the positron
the Boltzmann constant, and is temperature [2]. As a
mass, a number density of gas,
first approximation, we assumed that
was constant in this energy range and we fitted Eq.
(1) to experimental values. The initial kinetic energy of Ps in Ar gas was 3.8eV and the
(1<Eps<3.8eV) was 0.017 nm-2. In the number density of 1.98 nm-3 (75 amagat) and 1.3
nm-3 (50 amagat), the kinetic energy of Ps was larger than the upper limit of 2.7 eV of Ore
gap.
[1] S. Armitage, D. E. Leslie, A. J. Garner and G. Laricchia, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (2002)
173402.
[2] Y. Nagashima, M. Kakimoto, T. Hyodo, A. Ichimura, T. Chang, J. Deng, T. Akahane, T.
Chiba, K. Suzuki, B. T. A. McKeeand A. T. Stewart, Phys. Rev. A 52 (1995) 258.
e-mail: y.sano@s.tohoku.ac.jp
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201444
OP7
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
Oxide dispersion strengthened steels (ODS) are candidate materials for the first wall of
the actual proposed nuclear fusion reactors. They contain Y2O3 nanoparticles which restrict
dislocation movement in the microstructure. The experiments reported in this work focus on
the investigation of EP450 ODS by Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in as received state and after helium implantation.
Helium implantation simulates radiation damage without inconvenient radiation associated
with neutron irradiation. Additionally, the selected area electron diffraction (SAD) together
with TEM revealed expected Y2O3 particles and chromium-rich carbides M23C6 in the base
material. Positron measurements indicate a high concentration of small defects distributed in
the sample. Due to high yttrium affinity it seems that positrons are attracted and captured by
defects in the vicinity of yttria oxides. TEM was used for identification of microstructural
changes after helium implantation, since yttria oxide particles can act as low energy sites
capable of trapping helium.
*
Financial support from Slovak scientific agencies VEGA 1/0204/2013 and APVV AK48 are
highly acknowledged.
e-mail: iveta.bartosova@stuba.sk
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201445
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
OP8
Dilute U-Zr and U-Mo alloys have been characterized for the first time using positron
annihilation spectroscopy. In case of U-Zr alloys with Zr wt. = 2 - 10 %, the chemical
signature in the matter-antimatter annihilation gamma and the positron lifetime data suggests
that majority of positrons are annihilating from Zr sites in the as-cast alloys. The results
indicate presence of Zr rich nano-agglomerates in the as-cast alloys which have a higher
positron affinity as compared to the U matrix. A minimum agglomerate size of ~2 nm
diameter has been calculated from the difference in positron affinity between the
agglomerates and the matrix. Upon annealing, the Zr signature in the annihilation gamma
photons vanishes suggesting that the Zr agglomerates diffuse out of U matrix and form
micron-sized precipitates. The second part corresponds to the positron annihilation studies of
U-Mo alloy (Mo wt. % = 8-10 %). While the phase diagram suggests that room temperature
U-Mo alloys should consist of -U and MoU2 phases but it has been recently shown that with
increased Mo concentration ( wt.% > 8), the phase is stabilized at room temperature. This
phase is desirable because of its better stability under irradiating condition as compared to U. We have presented here the results of defect study of as-cast U-Mo alloys prepared by a
novel metallurgy process developed by one of the authors. The alloys were subsequently hot
rolled and the evolution of the defect characteristics is discussed. The subsequent thermal
treatment necessary to anneal out the defects while preserving the metastable phase is
sought to be achieved using positron annihilation spectroscopy.
e-mail: pujari@barc.gov.in
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201446
OP9
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
Positron annihilation methods based on slow positron beam are very effective tools for
characterization of surface layers in the meaning of small open volume defects. In this work,
Doppler broadening spectroscopy was used for investigation of Fe-Cr model alloys implanted
with hydrogen and helium ions. The implantations were performed by linear accelerator at
temperatures below 100C. S-parameter depth profiles of the implanted samples up to 1.5m
were compared to the results of nanoindentation technique. Isochronal annealing up to 700C
with the step of 100C was applied on the helium and hydrogen implanted samples in order
to investigate embrittlement of material. Both experimental techniques show a good
correlation and together they provide an interesting insight to radiation hardening.
e-mail: veronika.sabelova@stuba.sk
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201447
OP10
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
Effect of Alkali Metal Ions in Vacancy Defect and Defect Cluster in MgO
Nanocrystallites by Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy
S. Selvakumar1,, J. Sivasankari2, K. Sivaji3, T. Semba1, A. Uedono1 and S. Sankar2
1
Magnesium oxide (MgO) nanopowders had wide application in waste water treatment,
an additive to paints, catalysis and superconducting materials [1]. Nano magnesium oxide is
being used in a number of applications across multiple domains. The addition of alkali metals
with MgO, generated a significant increase of the catalytic activity [2, 3]. Hence, the present
study is aimed to synthesize alkali metal doped MgO nanostructures by solution combustion
method and to investigate the effect of dopants by XRD, SEM, TEM and positron
annihilation spectroscopy.
In the present work, a relatively simple auto-combustion method was used in the
synthesis of pure and 1% group I elements (Li, Na and K) doped MgO nanocrystallites.
XRD analysis reveals that all the MgO doped nanocrystals had cubic crystal structure. The
progressive incorporation of Li, Na and K ions into the MgO lattice was monitored by XRD.
SEM reveals the spherical structure for MgO: Na and with small porous spherical structure
for MgO: K. Positron annihilation lifetime and
Doppler broadening spectroscopy measurements
were performed for pure and doped MgO. Positron
lifetime data analysis gave four components for
pure and doped MgO. The lifetime 1 is due to the
annihilation of positrons at grain and grain
boundaries. A defect-specific lifetime 2 originates
from the annihilation of positrons at vacancy-type
defects within the grains. The longer lifetime
components 3 and 4 being the lifetime of
positrons trapped in the defects at the grain surfaces
and of ortho-positronium formed in the
intercrystalline regions. The variation of positron Fig. 1: Variation of S and W of asprepared and annealed MgO and Li,
lifetime values of Li, Na and K doped MgO
Na and K doped samples
confirms the interaction between the ions during the
annealing process. From coincidence Doppler broadening measurements, the positron
trapping sites were identified as vacancy clusters. Figure 1 represents the variation of S and
W of as prepared and annealed samples. At higher temperature, the S parameter decreases due
to particle growth and reduction in the defect concentration. It has been observed that
annealing at 800 C, Li ion migrate to the vacancy site. The variation of lifetime components
and S parameter of doped and annealed samples will be presented.
[1] O. Medenbach et al., J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 3 (2001) 174.
[2] L. Xu and G. Henkelman, Phys. Rev. B 77 (2008) 205404.
[3] J. Beheshtian, et al., Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 33(6) (2012) 1925.
e-mail: selva2d@yahoo.co.in
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201448
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PositronandPositroniumChemistry
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e-mail: pujari@barc.gov.in
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201449
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PositronandPositroniumChemistry
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e-mail: n_arutyunov@yahoo.com
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201450
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The interaction of a low energy positron with the C F stretching mode of the
Fluoromethane molecule is studied using time-dependent wave-packet dynamics [1]. A twodimensional potential energy surface describing the collinear coupling between the scattering
and vibrational coordinates was calibrated from a set of ab initio energies, computed within
the FNMC (finite nuclear mass correction) methodology [2]. The cross section for the = 0
=1 inelastic channel depicts an onset behavior at the excitation threshold with a sharp
resonant peak, attributed to the positron capture by the target in a vibrational Feshbach
resonance [3].
The present approach allows for a precise dynamical description of this phenomenon,
which plays a leading role in resonant positron annihilation [3].
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201451
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PositronandPositroniumChemistry
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(3-body
H ( n h , l h ) Ps ( n p , l p ) H e (4-body reaction). A
theoretical study of reactions (1) & (2) has been undertaken in order to optimize the
H production by choosing accurately the energy of the p beam and the Ps excited state (np,
lp). An exhaustive set of cross sections has been obtained for both reactions, from Ps(1s) to
Ps(3d) and considering H states up to nh=4. Contrary to reaction (2), reaction (1) has been
already widely studied, mainly through the reverse reaction of Ps formation (see for instance
[2]), but for the sake of theoretical consistency, it has been decided to apply the same
theoretical model, namely the Continuum Distorted Wave Final State model (CDW-FS), to
compute the cross sections of both reactions at the same level of approximation [4].
Concerning reaction (2), the highly correlated system formed by H has been treated
carefully, using three different wave functions proposed for H . In the case of reaction (1),
the results show an enhancement of the H production toward low p kinetic energies, when
nh and np increase. This agrees with experimental data [3] and previous calculations [2]. For
reaction (2), a nearly resonant behavior close to threshold is observed for excited
positronium, when H is in its ground state. For both reactions, above 1 keV p energy, the
highest cross sections are obtained with Ps (2p). In order to estimate the H production in the
reaction chamber of the GBAR experiment and optimize other experimental parameters such
as laser power for Ps excitation and delays between pulses, a simulation based on the present
cross sections, solving Bloch equations to compute the Ps populations, has been
implemented. This highlights the challenges to be solved in this critical part of GBAR.
reaction)
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
and
(2)
e-mail: hervieux@unistra.fr
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201452
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OP15
tree-level & ()
800
700
phase space
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
0.1 0.2
0.3
103
5
0.4 0.42 0.44 0.46 0.48 0.5 0.52 0.54
energy (MeV)
counts (a.u.)
e-mail: adachi@icepp.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201453
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e-mail: kamil@fizyka.umk.pl
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201454
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PositronandPositroniumChemistry
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e-mail: byakov@itep.ru
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201455
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Department of Physics, Karnatak University, Pavate Nagar, Dharwad - 580 003, India
2
Department of Physics, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri - 574 199, India
3
Department of Physics, Karnatak Science College, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580001,
India
Positron is a nano-probe of free volume holes in polymeric materials [1]. It is sensitive
to chemical species like negative ions, radicals and polar groups in polymers, resulting in
inhibition and (or) quenching of positronium (Ps) [2,3]. Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) is a
vinyl polymer possessing planar and highly polar side groups. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is
semi-crystalline polymer possessing hydroxyl (OH) groups. When these two polymers are
mixed (equal proportion by weight), they form a miscible blend. The preparation of
MPDMAPP (1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(4-N,N, dimethyl amino phenyl)-2-propen-1-one) doped
PVA-PVP blend is described elsewhere [4]. MPDMAPP was doped in PVA-PVP blend, in
the concentration range varying from 0.025 wt% up to 1 wt%. In this paper, the results of
Positron Lifetime (PLT) and Doppler Broadening of Annihilation Radiation (DBAR)
techniques on these films are described. Free volume size, trapping rate of positron and Ps in
the ordered (o) and disordered regions (d), respectively, of the polymeric blend were
calculated. The S-parameter of DBAR was found to be linearly related to the orthoPositronium (o-Ps) intensity I3. The o-Ps lifetime 3 is found to change little, from 1.67 ns at
0.025 wt% dopant concentration to 1.69 ns at 0.5 wt% dopant level, but drops to 1.42 ns at 1
wt% dopant concentration, indicating the onset of phase separation. However, the o-Ps
intensity I3, S-parameter, and the trapping rates o and d show interesting variation in the
entire range of dopant concentration. The S-parameter shows an increase at low dopant
concentration from 0.025 wt% up to 0.1 wt%, beyond which it drops significantly. This is
supported by the XRD patterns of MPDMAPP doped PVA-PVP films, which reveals
dominant amorphous nature at low dopant concentration, and a semi-crystalline nature at
moderate and high concentration of the dopant.
Acknowledgement: The authors are thankful to DAE-BRNS, Govt. of India for a research
project (2010/37C/7/BRNS/832) and DST, Govt. of India for the research project
SR/FTP/PS-011/2010.
[1] Chia-Ming Huang, Eckard W. Hellmuth, Y. C. Jean, J. Phys. Chem. B 102 (1998) 2474.
[2] Blaise Lobo, M R Ranganath, T S G Ravi Chandran, G Venugopal Rao, V Ravindrachary
and S Gopal, Phys. Rev. B 59 (1999)13693.
[3] R Zhang, J Robles, J Kang, H Samha, H M Chen, Y C Jean Macromolecules 45
(2012) 2434.
[4] R.F. Bhajantri, V Ravindrachary, Boja Poojary, Ismayil, A Harisha and Vincent Crasta,
Polym. Eng. Sci. 49 (2009) 903.
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201456
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e-mail: crang1@rediffmail.com
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e-mail:
bozena.zgardzinska@poczta.umcs.lublin.pl
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201458
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Polymer blending offers an attractive and simpler method in the development of new
polymeric materials compared to chemical synthesis and the blends often exhibit more
desirable characteristics than individual polymers [1]. The blending allows optimization of
some of the properties of the homopolymers and provide an economic way to create new
materials with desired properties. Thus, blending of polymers has been an important
industrial approach towards the development of novel polymeric materials. When a polymer
blend is formed, free volume is one of the properties that gets affected and the free volume is
closely related to dielectric constant () [2].
Herein, we report a motivating finding on the origin of dielectric constant in a
polyimide blend prepared using a fluorine-containing polymer and a polyimide probed in
terms of its available free volume, which is distinct from the generally observed behaviour in
fluorinated polyimides. For this study, a blend of poly (vinylidine fluoride-co-hexafluoro
propylene) and poly(ether imide) was chosen and the interaction between the two polymers
was studied using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction,
Thermogravimetric analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The blend was investigated
by Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS), Doppler broadening (DB) and
Dielectric Analysis (DEA). The positron results reveal that with the increase in the fluorine
content in the blend, the ortho-positronium (o-Ps) intensity also increases which is different
from the commonly observed o-Ps inhibition
process in halogenated polymers.
The dielectric constant of a polyimde is
mainly influenced by its molecular polarizablity
and the free volume. The dielectric constant
decreases with the increase in free volume, due
to decrease in the number of polarizable
groups/unit volume. In the present case, with the
increase in the relative free volume content in
the blend, surprisingly, the dielectric constant
also increases (see Fig. 1). The reason for this
positive change has been identified. Other
experimental methods used such as capillary
rheometry, calorimetric measurements and
Fig. 1: Variation of dielectric constant
dynamic
mechanical
thermal
analysis
with relative free volume fraction.
supplement the results.
[1] L. A. Utracki, Polymer Alloys and Blends, Hanser Publishers, New York, 1989.
[2] G. Houghman, G. Tesero, A. Viehbeck and J.D. Chapple-Sokol, Macromolecules 27
(1994) 5964.
e-mail: sarfarazkazmi@yahoo.com
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201459
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PALS and DBAR Study on LiClO4 doped PVA - NaAlg Blend Based
Polymer Electrolyte
T. Sheela1, P.M.G. Nambissan3, V. Ravindrachary1, Blaise Lobo4, Vidyashree Hebbar1,
Jagadish Naik1 and R. F. Bhajantri2,
1
Department of Physics, Karnatak University, Pavate Nagar, Dharwad - 580 003, India
2
Department of Physics, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri - 574 199, India
3
Applied Nuclear Physics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF, Bidhan Nagar,
Kolkata-700 064, India
4
Department of Physics, Karnatak Science College, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580001,
India
Solid polymer blend electrolytes (SPE) are promising materials, with potential
applications in advanced electrochemical technology. Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy
(PAS) has been successfully used to study the micro-structure of such materials [1]. The
electrolyte films of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA): sodium alginate (NaAlg) blend (composition
60:40 wt%) doped with different concentrations (up to 15 wt%) of lithium perchlorate
(LiClO4) salt were prepared by solution casting. A correlation between structural properties
and Ps formation probability with charge carrier concentration and ionic conductivity is
investigated. The spectroscopic results show that the Li+ ions interact with polymer chains
through hydrogen bonding. Mechanical properties of the composite films show an
enhancement in elastic nature. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) results show a single
glass transition temperature (Tg), thereby confirming the compatibility between PVA and
NaAlg to form a miscible blend. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns show an increase in
degree of crystallinity. The highest ionic conductivity value of 3.81105 S/cm is observed
for 5 wt% doping level, which indicates the addition of salt (LiClO4) increases the number of
mobile charge carriers (Li+ and ClO4-) and the degree of dissociation of LiClO4. The behavior
of S parameter obtained from Doppler Broadening Spectroscopy (DBAR), was interpreted in
terms of increased positron annihilation with low momentum electrons, and increase in
positronium (Ps) formation probability [2]. The positron lifetime (PALS) data shows that
both the inhibition of Ps formation and quenching of ortho-positronium (o-Ps), revealed by
the drop in both the o-Ps lifetime component (3) and the corresponding intensity (I3) [3].
Acknowledgement: The authors are thankful to DAE-BRNS, Govt. of India for the research
project (2010/37C/7/BRNS/832) and DST, Govt. of India for the research project
(SR/FTP/PS-011/2010).
[1] D. Bamford, G Dlubek, A Reiche, M A Alam, W Meyer, P Galvosas and F Rittig, J.
Chem. Phys. 115 (2001) 7260-7270.
[2] K Ito, Y Kobayashi, and A Nanasawa, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 (2003) 654-656.
[3] R. F. Bhajantri, V Ravindrachary, A Harisha, C Ranganathaiah, G N Kumaraswamy.
Appl. Phys. A 87 (2007)797-805.
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201460
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e-mail: dirtha@vecc.gov.in
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201461
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Porous Silicon (PS) has attracted a lot of attention owing to the nanostructures of
network of small Si particles, retaining its lattice structure and the efficient
photoluminescence in the visible region at room temperature [1]. The surface properties of
PS can be expected to play an important role due to their small microstructures and the high
density of surface states classified as dangling bonds and to its large internal surface area.
The electronic properties of PS in general depend upon a host of formation conditions.
Positron annihilation techniques throw light on the electronic structure, microstructural
defects, surface properties, free volumes etc. During preparation of porous silicon by
anodization the dangling bonds on the pore surface gets saturated by hydrogen, forming Si:H
complexes leading to open volume defects as in hydrogenated amorphous Si [2]. Effect of
heat treatment on PS has been studied with positron lifetime and Doppler broadening
measurement [3,4].
2D-ACAR is sensitive enough to reveal
the corresponding modification of surface
properties if the positrons were annihilating at
the pore surface. Our previous report of 2DACAR studies suggest that the annihilation
occurs at the pore surface [5]. In order to
confirm these results, studies on PS samples
annealed in oxygen environment are carried out
and the EMD is presented in Fig.1. The studies
momentum (p ) in mrad
suggests that, the hydrogen effusion occurred
Fig. 1 2D-ACAR cross sectional
due to the formation of Si:O complexes when
distributions
for PS - oxygenated at
heated in oxygen environment. A study of
100oC, 350oC and 650oC with that
positron trapped in the open volume defects, on
for un-oxygenated and bulk CSi.
the formation oxide layers from the pore
surface, yields useful information on the microstructural properties of PS.
The paper will present the details of these studies and bring out the EMD features
extracted by 2D-ACAR, as an important technique to understand the oxygenation effect and
defects in porous silicon.
x 104
18
Bulk CSi
16
15PS50 at 100oC - O
15PS50
15PS50 at 350oC - O
14
15PS50 at 650oC - O
Counts (arb.units)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
10
12
[1] L.T. Canham, Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, (1990) 1046; V. Lehmann and U. Gosele, Appl. Phys.
Lett. 58 (1991) 856.
[2] Y.J. He, M. Hasegawa, R. Lee, S. Berko, David Adler and Ai-Lien Jung, Phys. Rev. B 33
(1986) 5924.
[3] R. Suzuki, Phys. Rev. B 49 (1994) 17484.
[4] S. Dannefear, C. Wiebe, and D. Kerr, J. Appl. Phys. 84 (1998) 6559.
[5] K. Sivaji, C. S. Sunder, G. Amarendra, R. Rajaraman, S. Sankar, Physica Status Solidi
(c) Current Topics in Solid State Physics 4 (10) (2007) 3654.
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201462
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e-mail: santoshg@barc.gov.in
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201463
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Institute of Solid State Chemistry, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Pervomaiskaya 91, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia
2
Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin
620002, Ekaterinburg, Mira 19, Russia
3
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics,
POB 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
We thank the group from the ELBE centre for the measurements. This work was partially
financially supported by the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences under project
12-P-234-2003 and RFBR No. 14-02-00636.
e-mail: valeeva@ihim.uran.ru
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201464
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When positrons are injected into polymers, can form positronium (Ps), (bound state of
an electron and a positron): para-positronium (p-Ps) (positron and electron have opposite
spins) and ortho-positronium (o-Ps) (spins are parallel). The great interest in the study of
polymers using positron lies in the fact that the Ps formation probability, intensity I, and
lifetime , depend on the physical and chemical properties of the solids. Generally, the o-Ps
intensity I3 is believed to be related to the free-volume density and is known to depend on
several parameters like chemical composition, mechanical history of the sample, free radicals
due to radiation, built up electric field due to charge carrier etc. The irradiation of polymers
with ionizing radiations alters the physico-chemical properties of the polymer and the studies
on these irradiated polymers are of rapidly increasing area of research interest [1].
Pure Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer films (thickness 80100 m) were
prepared by solution casting method and were subjected to 8 MeV electron beam irradiation
up to 300 kGy doses. The Positron Annihilation Lifetime spectra for irradiated PMMA were
recorded using conventional fast-fast coincidence spectrometer (resolution 240ps) with BaF2
detectors. The obtained data were analyzed into three lifetime components using a computer
program PATFIT-88 & the third component 3, I3 is attributed to o-Ps lifetime component and
is associated with the pick-off annihilation of o-Ps.
The observed positron results are understood by invoking the built up electric field due
to free radical formation during irradiation. The observed variations of o-Ps intensity I3
suggests that the irradiation of PMMA will creates free radicals () within the polymer and
these created free radicals () as well as positrons are expected to be trapped by the polar
methyl carboxylate (COOCH3) group of the polymer upto 100kGy dose. The accumulation of
these positive charges develops a built up electric field within the polymer. Some positrons,
which otherwise would have formed Ps are pulled out of this positive charge cloud and lead
to a decrease in I3 up to 100 kGy. The variation of 3 suggests that the built up electric field
during PALS measurement do not affect the o-Ps lifetime. But this field effect is responsible
only for some electrons and positrons escaping from the positive charge cloud and decreases
the probability of Ps formation [2]. After 100kGy, the electron irradiation causes chain
session which result in enhanced bond cleavages and H2 gas evolution leading to the
formation of C=C bond structure PMMA. The presence of these C=C groups adjacent to
methyl carboxylate group unsaturated the polymer segment and hence suppresses the built up
electric field within the composite. As a result, the built up electric field is ineffective after
100 kGy and hence positron parameter depends only on free volume properties.
[1] V. Ravindrachary et al., Poly. Deg. Stab. 96 (2011) 1676-1686.
[2] Z. Q. Chen et al., J. of Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 255 (2003) 291.
e-mail: vravi2000@yahoo.com
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201465
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Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) [1] are being used in the study of atmospheric
neutrinos in the proposed India based Neutrino Observatory (INO) Mega Project. These
RPCs are made up of high resistive materials like glass or Bakelite due to their low cost and
excellent stable performance. However, the RPCs particularly made of Bakelite which is a
polymer undergo straining due to over exposure of direct mechanical stress, temperature, and
high energy radiation. One of the main issues is the large leakage current since the RPCs are
operated at high DC potential.
In order to understand why large leakage is current is encountered in Bakelite
detectors; we have undertaken in this study radiation induced structural modifications in
Bakelite RPC detector materials (P-120 NEMA LI-1989 Grade XXX) through free volume
quantification. The samples were exposed to electron beam of energy 8 MeV in steps of 20
kGy up to 100 kGy and characterized by Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy
(PALS), electrical conductivity measurement and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy
(FTIR)
Free volume from PALS and
conductivity are plotted and shown in
Fig.1. We observe increased in free
volume size at the lower electron doses
(20 & 40kGy) and reduced size at the
higher doses. This indicates the chain
scission followed by cross linking due to
the 8 MeV e- beam irradiation of Bakelite
RPC detector material [2]. FTIR results
revealed the scission of hydrogen bonded
phenolic groups leading to the formation Fig. 1: Variation of free volume size (Vf) and
of OH- and H+ free radicals in the lower electrical conductivity () as a function of
dosages. The electrical conductivity of 40 electron dose.
kGy electron irradiated sample shows
higher value. This indicates the increased mobility of large number of OH- and H+ free
radicals produced from the cleavage of hydrogen bonded phenolic groups. The low electrical
conductivity 1.08 x10-8 ( m)-1 measured at 100 kGy is due to the cross linking of polymeric
chains through hydrogen bonds. The increased crosslink density and reduced ion mobility at
higher electron doses possibly reduce the leakage current and hence could be inferred as
improved performance of Bakelite RPC detector material upon e-irradiation.
[1] R. Santonico, R. Cardarelli, Nucl. Instr. Meth. 187 (1981) 377-380.
[2] K. V. Aneesh Kumar, H.B. Ravikumar, C.Ranganathaiah, J. Appl. Polym. Sci 130 (2013)
793-800.
e-mail: aneesh1098@gmail.com
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201466
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e-mail: moel@dtu.dk
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201467
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This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
(NSFC) under Grants No.10975108 and 11375132, and the Research Fund for the Doctoral
Program of Higher Education of China under Grant No.20090141120069.
e-mail: hecq@whu.edu.cn
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201468
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Free volume plays a key role in physical, diffusional and mechanical properties of
biomembranes and other biomaterials. Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS)
is a unique technique for measuring the free volume void sizes and distributions inside these
materials. Recent studies highlight the power of PALS in biophysics and cancer research. The
goal of this presentation is to introduce and discuss the PALS results obtained in our nuclear
techniques laboratory combined with other biophysical techniques in different lipid
membranes and living cultured cancer cells [1].
[1] E. Axpe et al., PLoS ONE 9 (2014) 1.
e-mail: eneko.axpe@ehu.es
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201469
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e-mail: abigail.coveney@bristol.ac.uk
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201470
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aleksey_pivtsaev@mail.ru
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201471
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For the reactivity of the coal, the surface area or the porosity are important factors
besides of other chemical factors. There are no studies in which the nano-porosity of the coal
is linked to positron annihilation results. However, there have been studies in which the
porosity of other carbonaceous materials is related to measurements in positron annihilation.
In this work, a coal sample has been studied by means of positron annihilation
spectroscopy. The coal was obtained from Las Casitas mine (Paipa-Boyac, Colombia). The
positron annihilation result has been related to the results obtained by means of other
spectroscopic techniques. A complete analysis is reported.
Keywords: Coal, Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy.
e-mail: carlospalacio@uan.edu.co
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201472
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Fig. 1: Time evolution of the ratio between condensed Nc and total number of particles Nt . Particle
density 102 nm3 (Tc = 66 K). Pore sizes: R = 100 nm (continuous curve), R = 200 nm (dashed curve),
R = 300 nm (dot-dashed curve). Total condensation time: t1 = 11 ns, t2 = 24 ns and t3 = 38 ns.
e-mail: omar.morandi@ipcms.unistra.fr
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201473
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e-mail: sab@igcar.gov.in
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201474
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OP37
Intensity, a.u.
Extensive research in the field of surface physics depends on efficient sources and on
polarized electron detectors. The possibility of using a positron beam as a tool for the detailed
study of a surface is currently being discussed. The report presents the design of a low-energy
spin-polarized positron source at the University of Western Australia, as well as the
preliminary experimental results obtained
with its aid. It is well-known that positrons
3000
emitted from radioactive sources in the
process of beta decay, have a preferred spin
2500
positrons
electrons
direction. The positrons substantially retain
2000
their spin orientation, even after the process
of deceleration when passing through the thin
1500
film (~ 1 micron) of tungsten. This effect
allows creating a slow spin- polarized
1000
positron beam. The positron gun consists of a
500
radioactive source of positrons, a positron
0
20
40
60
80
100
decelerator (moderator) and electron optics.
The positron source is based on the
Positron energy, eV
radioactive decay of 22Na isotopes. The Fig. 1: Intensity of positrons and electrons
positrons are decelerated by using the as a function of energy of primary positrons.
polycrystalline tungsten film.
W (100) and W (100)-Fe films were studied as the samples. They were chosen due to
the fact that their magnetic and electric properties were repetitively studied by various
methods of electron spectroscopy. The figure shows the dependence of the intensity of
positrons and electrons as a function of energy of the positrons incident on the surface of
tungsten. Quite apparently, the peak corresponding to the first diffraction maximum is seen at
the energy of about 15 eV for positrons and electrons.
The magnetic properties of iron films evaporated on the tungsten surface have also been
under the investigation. The iron film got periodically magnetized in two opposite directions
during the measurements. The experiments were set in order to register the intensity of
electrons and their asymmetry. The asymmetry was calculated by the formula: A = (I+ - I-)/
(I+ + I-), where I+ and I- are the electron intensities for different directions of magnetization
of the iron film, relative to the direction of polarization of the positron beam.
Apparently, the asymmetry reaches a significant value 3% in the region of the
electronic surface resonance ~ 7 eV [1]. Analysis of the result allowed us to determine the
polarization of the positron beam. Its value was about 10%.
In the report will discuss ways to increase the polarization and intensity of the positron
beam.
[1] E. G. McRae et al. Phys. Rev. B 24 (1981) 4230.
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Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green,
OH 43403, USA
2
Department of Physics, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
3
Institute of Nuclear and Physical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and
Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Ilkoviova 3, 812 19
Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Inorganic Scintillators are important in many areas of fundamental research and
applications such as high energy physics, nuclear detection and medical diagnostics. With
great demand in such applications it is crucial to develop new efficient inorganic scintillators.
Ce doped Y3Al5O12 single crystals have been extensively studied for this purpose. However
the presence of defects and the deviation from stoichiometry have hindered its development
to efficient scintillators. Our recent positron lifetime measurements [1] on Y3Al5O12 (yttrium
aluminum garnet) single crystals has led to significant insight about defects in garnet single
crystals and revealed how they affect exciton dynamics.
Accordingly, we switch our attention to the development of YAG transparent ceramics
which may offer excellent alternative for single crystals in scintillation applications. In this
work, the latest development in nanoparticles based transparent ceramics will be discussed
with emphasis on revealing their microstructure and its effect on the optical and scintillation
properties. Positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) and scanning electron microscopy
(SEM) were applied to study their microstructures. Positron lifetime measurements identified
the size and character of grain boundaries and revealed the absence of voids in these YAG
transparent ceramics. The optical and scintillation properties were investigated by a variety of
optical and luminescence spectroscopies including our newly developed X-ray based
luminescence spectrometer [2] which provides a unique simple technique for luminescence
studies and direct measurement of scintillation properties not available by standard
photoluminescence and scintillation methods.
[1] F. A. Selim et al., Phys. Rev. B 88 (2013) 174102.
[2] C.R. Varney, M. A. Khamehchi, Jianfeng Ji, and F.A. Selim, Review of Scientific
Instruments 83 (2012) 103112.
*
Acknowledgements: Funding for this work was provided by the National Science
Foundation (DMR1359523 grant).
e-mail: faselim@bgsu.edu
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What is the lower limit of the number density of elementary free volumes (EFV), when
PALS experiments do not detect them? Obviously, for different materials this limit can be
different and dependent on mobility of pre-localized positronium. This limit comes when
non-localized positronium is not able to find EFV before annihilation. In this study, we were
trying to find this limit. We distinguished intrinsic microporosity, typical for homogeneous
polymeric membrane materials (such as PTMSP, for example), and externally affected
porosity for heterogeneous systems (so called mixed membrane matrixes MMM). In the last
case, some new pores in the basic material are created additionally or intrinsic pores are
modified in the sites of the admixture location. Variation of concentration of the admixture
and its type in the composition change the number of externally affected EFV and their size
distribution. Correspondingly, a distance between the EFV in MMM is changed. In this way,
it is possible to come to the limit, when PALS is not able to detect some EFV, normally the
largest, though they are very effective in variation of gas permeation and sorption properties.
Nevertheless, their presence can be proved by some supplementary technique used in this
work: low temperature gas sorption (BET) [1], giving size distribution of elementary free
volumes in the range 1-60 nm. This study is further development of the recent attempts [2,3]
to determine the place of the PALS method among the others, useful in the free volume
studies. In this connection, we compare PALS and gas permeation data with the
characteristics of thermo-stimulated luminescence (TSL), namely the intensity of high
temperature component of the TSL curve, and found it very effective for the express analysis
of gas permeation. This is because so called local rigidity of polymer structure determines
effective size of the local free volume.
Experimental part of this work includes PALS, BET (BJH) permeation and specific
surfaces studies of MMM on the bases of polyhexafluoropropylene (PHFP) and polymer of
intrinsic micro-porosity PIM-1, filled with some metal-organic frame works. Some sorbents
(porous copolymers of divinilbenzene with rubbers) were investigated too.
Combination of PALS and BET (BJH) methods demonstrated that, for, membrane
materials and sorbents, PALS technique is the most effective in the range of micro-pores
(diameter d < 1 nm), where there is practically no alternative, and in the range of smaller
meso-pores (<3 nm), where the data can be compared with the results of BJH experimentys.
This comparison enables calculation of the number density of micropores (1019-1020g-1) and
effective diffusion coefficient of prelocalized positronium in the studied polymers: DPLPs
310-4 cm2/s.
[1] V. P. Shantarovich , J. Polym. Sci: Part B: Polymer Physics 46 (2008) 2485.
[2] V. Shantarovich, et al., Phys. Stat. Solidi (c) 6 (2009) 2387.
[3] V. P. Shantarovich et al. Acta Physica Polonika A 125 3 (2014).
*
e-mail: shant@center.chph.ras.ru
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Posters
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e-mail: dcooke@phys.ethz.ch
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possible to efficiently separate the electron and positron populations on a timescale of a few
tens of femtoseconds.
Evolution of the dipole d (left frame) and widths i (right frame) for an ep cluster with N =100. The
excitation frequency 0 is constant and equal to the Mie frequency d and the amplitude is E0 = 0.005
au.
Evolution of the dipole d (left frame) and widths i (right frame) for an ep cluster with N = 100. The
excitation is autoresonant with E0 = 0.005 and = 104 au. The dotted line on the top frame
represents, in arbitrary units, the electric field envelope g(t).
[1] G. Manfredi, P.-A. Hervieux and F. Haas, New Journal of Physics 14 (2012) 075012.
e-mail: manfredi@unistra.fr
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[1] O. Morandi, P. A. Hervieux and G. Manfredi, Eur. Phys. J. D 68(4) (2014) article :84.
e-mail: omar.morandi@ipcms.unistra.fr
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Positron scattering with atom/molecule is one of the important areas of research work to
study the nature of the interaction between the sub-atomic particles. In atomic scattering
processes the interaction is between the projectile and the electrons of the target atom. But for
molecular scattering the dynamical coupling of the nuclear motion of the molecule with the
positron affects substantially the effective interaction potential. But the theoretical quantum
mechanical calculation of positron molecule scattering process becomes complicated due to
the inclusion of the nuclear coordinates. To tackle the problem some approximate methods
have been used. Among these the ro-vibrational close coupling mehod is an elaborate and
extensive way to include the rotational and vibrational motion of the nuclei in the calculation.
Earlier this method has been used to study positron hydrogen molecule scattering [1]. In the
present work we have studied positron nitrogen
molecule scattering using ro-vibrational close
coupling method in low energy region. The crucial
effect of target polarization has been included via the
positron correlation polarization potential (PCOP) [1].
The target molecule has been represented by an
elaborate wave function of nitrogen molecule. Here
we have computed the integrated total, vibrational and
rotational excitation cross sections in the energy range
from 0-10 eV. In Fig.1 we have plotted the present
total cross sections along with the theoretical results of
Fig.1. Comparison between present
Tenfen et al. [2] and the measured values by Hoffman computed integrated total cross
et. al. [3], Sueoka and Hamda [4] and Zecca et al. [5]. sections and the theoretical results of
The reason behind the variation amongst different Tenfen et. al and different measured
results and the present vibrational and rotational values for positron nitrogen molecule
excitation cross sections will be discussed and scattering.
reported at the time of conference.
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
e-mail: tapas.mukherjee1@gmail.com
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Department of Physics, New Alipore College, New Alipore, Kolkata 700053, India
2
Study Center, S-1/407, B. P. Township, Kolkata 700094, India
3
National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research Kolkata, Salt lake city,
Kolkata 700106, India
When positron (e+) and positronium (Ps) interact with an atom, there are always some
possibilities of annihilation. Three different types of annihilation may occur. The direct /pickoff annihilation generally dominates when the target is a closed shell atom. The second kind
happens due to rearrangement/ exchange of electron. By electron-exchange ortho-Ps
transforms into para-Ps and annihilates, the phenomenon is known as the quenching. In open
shell atomic targets like hydrogen, alkali atom etc., the possibility of quenching is more
significant. Another types of annihilation may occur due to spin-flip caused by the spin-orbit
interaction, but the possibility is very poor. Ray [1-2] recently introduced an ab-initio and
exact static-exchange model and a new code to study the four-body Coulomb problem
exactly in the center of mass frame. The code is used to study the Ps(1s)-Ps(1s) elastic
collision. The total/integrated elastic cross section, the quenching cross section and their
conversion ratio are calculated. The conversion ratio is the parameter to measure the fraction
of total cross section transformed into para-Ps. The elastic cross section ( ) and the
quenching cross section ( q ) are defined [3] so that:
d q
2
d 3 2 1 2
1
f
f
(1)
and
f f
(2)
d 4
d 16
4
Here f and f are the scattering amplitudes for the singlet and triplet spin-states of the two
system electrons and represents the scattering angle.The variation of the total elastic cross
section ( ) and the quenching cross section ( q ) with the incident energy in Ps (1s)-Ps(1s)
elastic collision are presented in Fig.1. The variation of the corresponding conversion ratios
are presented in Fig.2 and are compared with the Ps-H system [4]. Detailed will be discussed
at the PPC-11.
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Department of Physics, New Alipore College, New Alipore, Kolkata 700053, India
2
Study Center, S-1/407, B. P. Township, Kolkata 700094, India
3
National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research Kolkata, Salt lake city,
Kolkata 700106, India
4
Department of Physics, Raja Rammohan Roy Mahavidyalaya, Radhanagar, Hoogly 712406,
India
The positrons emitted from a radioactive source into a gas at normal pressure, do not
suffer annihilation by collision with atomic electrons before they have a high probability of
capturing an electron from a gas atom to form positronium (Ps) [1]. If the captured electron
( e ) has the opposite spin to the positron ( e ) forming para-Ps, the lifetime towards mutual
annihilation is only about 10-10 sec; but if the spins are parallel, forming ortho-Ps, the lifetime
is much longer about 10-7 sec. The mutual annihilation of para-Ps is associated with emission
of two -ray photons each having energy 511 Mev. Annihilation may occur due to the
exchange collision of Ps with gas atoms by which ortho-Ps transforms into para-Ps, is known
as quenching. We are interested to study quenching in Ps and muonium (Mu) collision when
both are in ground states. Mu is an exotic atom, a bound system of an antimuon ( ) and an
electron ( e ) was discovered experimentally by Hughes [2] in 1960. We study the total
elastic cross section ( ), the quenching cross section ( q ) and the conversion ratio for
Ps(1s)-Mu(1s) collision using an exact and ab-initio static-exchange model code recently
introduced by Ray [3-4] to study a four-body Coulomb problem in the center of mass frame.
The and q are defined [5] so that:
d
3
f
d
4
1
f
4
and
1
f
16
Here f and f are the scattering amplitudes for the singlet and triplet spin-states of two
system electrons and represents the scattering angle. The variation and q with energy
are presented in Fig.1. The corresponding conversion ratios are presented and compared with
Ps-H [5] system in Fig.2. Detailed will be discussed at the PPC-11.
Fig.2:Thevariationofconversionratio.
[1] H. S. W. Massey and C.B.O.Mohr, Proc. Phys. Soc. London 67 (1954) 695.
[2] V. W. Hughes et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 5 (1960) 63.
[3] H. Ray, Pramana (2014) in press.; [4] H. Ray, arXiv 1311:3132 (November 2013).
[5] H. Ray and A. S. Ghosh, J. Phys. B 29 (1996) 5505; 31 (1998) 4427.
*
HR is thankful to DST, Govt. of India for granting Ref.SR/WOSA/PS-13/2009.
e-mail: rina04_de@yahoo.com
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( , , ) atomic (
, ) S (k k ' , )
(1)
k
2
On the one hand, we use this relation to solve the Boltzmann equation, going beyond the
standard approximation by including higher order anisotropy effects, which requires the static
structure factor, and temperature as inputs. On the other hand, we include the full dynamical
structure factor directly in a Monte-Carlo simulation of particle trajectories. In both cases we
observe the effect of the medium on the transport properties of positrons in the presence of an
electric field. Comparisons between the two methods will be highlighted. The modification to
transport through inclusion of screening effects on the atomic cross-sections arising from the
dense phase will also be highlighted.
The second approach represents some of our preliminary calculations of bubble
formation in dense media. We make use of the ideas discussed by Iakubov and others [2], but
go beyond their calculations by including the structure of the medium via the pair correlator.
We show that it is possible for particles to be captured into a bubble due to a natural
fluctuation of the system and that the capture cross section can exhibit resonance like
structure due to the surround shell of neutral atoms or molecules in the medium. We validate
our formalism by performing explicit calculations for a Lennard-Jones system. A kinetic
theory including these physical processes will also be presented.
[1] M. Cohen and J. Lekner, Phys. Rev. 158 (1967) 305.
[2] I. Iakubov and A. Khrapak, Rep. Prog. Phys. 45 (1982) 697.
e-mail: daniel.cocks@jcu.edu.au
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e-mail: elnikova@itep.ru
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201486
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Lamellar lyotropic liquid crystals are ordered soft materials consisting of self
organizing molecules and find application in fabricating chemical, industrial and biological
products in solutions. Wide varieties of experimental and theoretical studies of various phase
behavior of lyotropic liquid crystals exists. Still it is difficult to determine whether the
behavior observed represents that of equilibrium or some other state which may be stable or
metastable. Consequently, the experimental technique employed to investigate nanostructural
transformation in such systems must be unique. Positron life time spectroscopy has been
found to be an excellent technique [1-3].
In the present study, positron life time spectroscopy has been employed to study
swelling of lamellar structure with addition of long chain alcohol in lamellar lyotropic liquid
crystal phase of cationic surfactant/water/long chain alcohol. The study reveals the sensitivity
of positron annihilation parameters in detecting various structural transformations taking
place in such systems.
[1] P. C. Jain, Advances in Colloids and Interfacial science 54 (1995) 17.
[2] R. Yadav, K. C. Singh, S. R. Choudhary and P. C. Jain, Physica Status Solidi (c) 4 (2007)
3785-3788.
[3] G. Duplatre et al., J. Phys Chem 100 (1996) 16608.
e-mail: ryyadster@gmail.com
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e-mail: thirumurthik@yahoo.com
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R. F. Bhajantri1,
1
Department of Physics, Karnatak University, Pavate Nagar, Dharwad - 580 003, India
2
Department of Physics, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri - 574 199, India
3
Department of Physics, Karnatak Science College, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580001,
India
The organic NLO material 1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(4- N, N, dimethyl amino phenyl)-2propen-1-one (MPDMAPP) is a -conjugated system with donor and acceptor electrons, and
has potential application in fabricating optical devices. On doping MPDMAPP in poly(vinyl
alcohol) (PVA), it forms a charge transfer complex with PVA and emits green light (427 nm)
upon excitation with UV light, due to a photo-chromic reaction mechanism [1]. The
segmental motions in polymer based NLO composites are thought to be directly related to the
dynamical open spaces (free volume) present in amorphous regions of the polymeric
material. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) has emerged as a nondestructive chemical probe for directly determining nano-meter scale free volume holes and
their number density. Doppler broadening of the 511 keV positron annihilation peak is
characterized in terms of the S parameter, which measures the positron annihilation with low
momentum electrons of the polymeric material [2-3]. An increase in S parameter results in
increased positronium (Ps) formation, attributed to pick-off annihilation in free volume holes
of the polymeric material. The positrons have a tendency to localize in vacancy type defects
or trapped in negatively charged sites in comparatively more ordered regions, while Ps atoms
tend to be localized in the disordered parts of the semi-crystalline polymer matrix [4]. PVA is
semi-crystalline polymer and pure MPDMAPP is a highly crystalline material. The XRD
patterns of PVA/MPDMAPP composite films show essentially an amorphous microstructure. In PVA- MPDMAPP composites, MPDMAPP creates local distortions (due to
complex formation) within the PVA host material. This creates negatively charged domains
that trap the positrons, and such trapping sites are the defect regions in the polymeric
composite. The trapped positron annihilates with high-momentum electrons in its vicinity,
resulting in lowering of the S parameter.
[1] R. F. Bhajantri, V. Ravindrachary, A. Harisha, Ismayil, C. Ranganathaiah, Phys. Status
Solidi (c) 6 (2009) 2429.
[2] J. Yang et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 597 (2014) 26.
[3] Z. Chen, et al. J. Phys. Chem. C 115 (2011)18055.
[4] V. Ravindrachary, Ismayil, Suresh P. Nayak, Dhanadeep Dutta, P. K. Pujari, Polym. Deg.
Stab. 96 (2011)1676.
*Acknowledgement: The authors are thankful to DAE-BRNS, Govt. of India for the research
project (2010/37C/7/BRNS/832) and DST, Govt. of India for the research project
(SR/FTP/PS-011/2010).
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e-mail: h-hagihara@aist.go.jp
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Blaise Lobo1,
1
e-mail: blaise.lobo@gmail.com
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201491
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Flexible films of pyrrole (Py) sorbed, ferric chloride doped polyvinylalcohol (PVA)
were prepared by solution casting. Ferric chloride (FeCl3) acts both as a dopant (redox agent)
as well as an initiator for the polymerization of pyrrole, resulting in the formation of a
conducting polymeric blend, which involves a conducting component (polypyrrole; PPy) in
an insulating polymeric matrix. The preparation and characterization of these films have been
described elsewhere [1]. The films were characterized by XRD, UV-Visible spectrometry,
Thermal Analysis (DSC, DTA/TGA), FTIR and electrical measurements. In this paper, the
results of Doppler Broadening of Annihilation Radiation (DBAR) spectra (experimental) in
the entire range (from 1 wt% up to 44 wt%) of dopant (FeCl3) concentration are discussed.
The spectra were recorded using a high resolution HPGe detector, and a program in
FORTRAN-77 was developed for the extraction of line-shape parameters (S parameter, W
parameter etc). Although the calculation of S-parameter (which corresponds to annihilation
of positrons whose wave-function overlaps with those of low momentum electrons in the
polymeric blend) poses no problems [2], the calculation of W parameter using energy spectra
recorded from a single HPGe detector is complicated by enhanced background (due to effects
of the birth gamma), when sodium 22 is used as positron source. The program developed by
us involves calculation of background in 2 regions, one beyond the wing region before the
peak and the other, beyond the wing region after the 511 keV peak. The W parameter is a
measure of positron annihilating with high momentum electrons from the crystalline regions
of the polymeric sample, including traps (negatively charged defects) therein. It is noted that
the computed S parameter and W parameter reflect changes in degree of crystallinity of PPy
incorporated PVA-PVP blend, determined from XRD and DSC scans.
Acknowledgement: The authors are thankful to University Grants Commission (UGC), Govt.
of India for the major research project F.38-103/2009 (SR). The HPGe X-ray detector facility
was provided by USIC, Karnatak University, Dharwad.
[1] M R Ranganath and Blaise Lobo, Solid State Physics (India) 54 (2009) 535-536,
Proc.54th DAE SSP Symposium Dec 14-18, 2009, Ed. A.K. Rajarajan, Alka B. Garg &
G.P. Kothiyal.
[2] Blaise Lobo, M.R. Ranganath, T. S. G. Ravi Chandran, G. Venugopal Rao, V.
Ravindrachary and S. Gopal, Phys. Rev. B 59 (1999) 13693-13698.
e-mail: blaise.lobo@gmail.com
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e-mail: blaise.lobo@gmail.com
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Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
2
Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
e-mail: kotobuki@m.tohoku.ac.jp
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,201494
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It is well known that the properties of recycled polymers are altered from their virgin
counterparts due to the presence of impurities during the recycling process. Research efforts
are under way to enhance the properties of recycled polymers to compete with virgin
materials performance and economically. In this study we examined recycled high density
polyethylene reinforced with mica, glass fiber, or graphite and various combinations of the
three representing constant fillers content of 20 wt% of the matrix. Positron annihilation
lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) has been employed to investigate the effect of the
reinforcement with the various types of fillers on the morphology of the tested composites.
The size and concentration of free-volume in the samples have been obtained. The thermomechanical properties of the composites were also investigated by means of differential
scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and tensile testing. The
samples were also characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM).
e-mail: d.malik@qu.edu.qa
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In this study, phase change composites (PCC) based on high density polyethylene
matrix (HDPE), commercial paraffin wax and expanded graphite (EG) have been examined
to investigate the effect of carbon filler on the structural and thermo-mechanical properties of
these composites. The composites were prepared with wax content up to 50 wt% and EG up
to 15 wt%. Positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) has been employed to probe any openvolumes in the samples structure after adding wax and carbon filler. The morphology of the
samples was inspected by environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The
composites were also characterized using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC),
thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and tensile testing. The combination of the used
characterization techniques helped in drawing a clear picture of the properties of the
HDPE/paraffin wax and EG blends.
e-mail: d.malik@qu.edu.qa
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e-mail: sarfarazkazmi@yahoo.com
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e-mail: shilpa.vijay09@gmail.com
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Porous materials with fine size pores have perspective applications to be protective
media for storage or targeted transport of useful wettable liquids or also solids. The various
studies of these systems have revealed that numerous physical properties of such confined
liquids and probably also solids might be modified or even principally changed. Water
belongs to the most important substances in nature and is essential for the life. The
knowledge of water properties in confined systems is very important.
Recently, systematic research of confined systems associating positron annihilation
lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods has been
launched [1,2,3]. In the present study, the thermal behaviour of water solidified in the
controlled pore glass CPG-10-120 of mesoporous category (12,6 nm average pore size) is
investigated. The results are compared with the study of the bulk water and ice by positron
annihilation method [4].
The low-temperature evolution of various forms of free volumes in the CPG/water
composite in the wide temperature region 20-300 K was studied by PALS. The free volume
cavity sizes were determined from the positron annihilation lifetime spectra.
The DSC measurements were performed using power-compensation DSC8500 (PerkinElmer) with automatic intracooler (200 K). The encapsulated samples of 15 30 mg and
dynamic argon atmosphere were used.
Calorimetric measurements revealed, besides effects related to the melting or freezing
point depression of a confined liquid [5], presence of certain transitions at lower
temperatures, which could be detected only for cooling regime. An attempt of their
interpretation on basis of free volumes characterisation was done.
[1] M. Iskrov, V. Majernk, E. Illekov, O. aua, D. Berek, J. Kritiak, Mat. Sci. Forum
607 (2009) 235.
[2] E. Illekova, J. Kritiak, E. Macov, I. Mako, O. aua, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 113
(2013) 187.
[3] O. aua, E. Illekov, J. Kritiak, D. Berek, E. Macov, J. Phys: Conf. Ser. 443 (2013)
012059.
[4] O. aua, M. Iskrov, B. Slvikov, V. Majernk and J. Kritiak, Mat. Sci. Forum 607
(2009) 235.
[5] M. R. Landry, Thermochimica Acta 433 (2005) 27.
e-mail: ondrej.sausa@savba.sk
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Zeolite materials have important applications in catalysis, ion exchange and adsorption
[1]. To optimise and improve these applications materials with desired properties should be
produced. This makes investigations of properties of zeolite materials and their synthesis
procedure an important task and structural characterisations of precursors and intermediates
during zeolite synthesis process as well as structure of the final product play very important
role. In these characterizations PALS shows itself as a very useful method. PALS results in
structural investigations of zeolite precursors show presence of voids with sizes characteristic
for zeolite secondary building units, which are formed at the beginning of the synthesis
process or even during zeolite precursor preparation. During synthesis void concentrations,
and in some cases sizes, increase to the values characteristic for the structural void sizes of
specific zeolite [2]. Zeolite porous structure beside present cations could also contain water
or other liquid or gaseous fillers. These induce changes in the sizes of the free voids inside
the zeolite structure. PALS is also here very useful method to detect these voids and changes
in their sizes connected to the amount and properties of the filler [3, 4]. In this work, some
results from current PALS investigations of influence of different cations present inside
zeolite structure on the sizes of free voids and the amount of water adsorbed will be shown.
2
[2] D. Dutta, S. Chatterjee, B. N. Ganguly and K. T. Pillai, J. Appl. Phys. 98 (2005) 033509.
[3] A. M. Habrowska and E. S. Popiel, J. Appl. Phys. 62 (1987) 2419.
[4] A. Cabral-Prieto, I. Garca-Sosa, J. Jimnez-Becerril, M. Solache-Ros and S. Bulbulian,
Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 69 (2004) 109.
*Acknowledgements: This work has been supported by projects at the MSES of the Republic
of Croatia 098-0982904-2953, 098-0982886-2893, 119-1191005-1021 and IAEA CRP
contract 17251.
e-mail: sbosnar@irb.hr
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After the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident, many processes have gone on to
remove the fear of residence over the residual long-lived radioisotopes. It is known that the
dominant part of radioactive Cs is kept in soil, especially in clay of silicate around
Fukushima. There is no easy way to leach it completely out of contaminated clay. There are
various kinds of clay are included in soil, and extractable level of isotopes depends on the
type of clay. Phillosilicate is a group of silicate, having periodic laminar structure composed
of silicate sheet and silicate mineral sheet. One type belonging to phillosilicate has a unit
consisting of one octahedral sheet such as aluminosilicate sandwiched with two tetrahedral
silicate sheets (2:1 clay). Cs is hard to be leached out of such clay even with strong acid,
compared to 1:1 clay because of local strong electric field and/or preferable space of defect.
Once Cs ions are extracted through ion exchange process in soil, those are to be absorbed by
2:1 clay and kept there stably. Condensation of Cs may be achieved by washing out soil.
Thus an identification of the sort of soil or clay is crucial to decide substantial
decontamination process.
Positron seems a good probe to investigate a local electronic state of the location where
Cs cations are trapped, since positron has a high mobility and easy to find the location Cs
likes. We have been measured several types of clay with positron annihilation spectroscopy
(PAS). The distinct difference between 2:1 clay and 1:1 was observed in coincidence Doppler
broadened energy spectrum and small difference was observed in there for different sort of
clay belonging to same 2:1 clay. The difference between 2:1 clay and 1:1 clay was also
observed in the lifetime spectra. If the method to characterize each kind of clay can be found
by investigating correlation between extraction rate of Cs and relevant PAS parameters, it
would be valuable in decontamination process.
e-mail: nishijima@see.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,2014101
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National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
2
Toray Research Center, Inc., Otsu
Subnanoscopic porosimetry with high sensitivity is a key tool for developing innovative
functional thin materials, useful to various applications such as gas sensors and separation
membranes. To date it has been well documented that the energy-tunable positron
annihilation technique is quite advantageous for exploring nano- and subnano-scaled total
porosity in thin films, while other sensitive adsorption porosimetry based on ellipsometry and
X-ray refractivity can only detect open porosity. In this study, we applied low-energy
positron annihilation and flow-type ellipsometric porosimetry [1] to the elucidation of
nanoscaled pores formed in silicon-oxide-backboned thin films prepared through plasma
enhanced chemical vapor deposition [2,3,4]. We discuss the consistencies and discrepancies
between the measured results for the pore characterization by both techniques with respect to
the difference in measurement principle between the two methods. A first attempt at applying
the AIST atmospheric positron-probe micro analyzer [5] combined with adsorption
porosimetery to the pore characterization is also introduced at the workshop.
[1] S. Yoshimoto, K. Ito, H. Hosomi, Y. Takai, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Conf. Proc., Submitted.
[2] T. Oka, K. Ito, M. Muramatsu, T. Ohdaira, R. Suzuki, and Y. Kobayashi, J. Phys. Chem.
B 110 (2006) 20172.
[3] K. Ito, T. Oka, Y. Kobayashi, R. Suzuki, and T. Ohdaira, Radiat. Phys. Chem. 76 (2007)
213.
[4] K. Ito, T. Oka, Y. Kobayashi, R. Suzuki, and T. Ohdaira, Phys. Procedia 35 (2012) 140.
[5] W. Zhou, Z. Chen, N. Oshima, K. Ito, B. E. O'Rourke, R. Kuroda, R. Suzuki, H.
Yanagishita, T. Tsutsui, A. Uedono, N. Hayashizaki, Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 (2012)
014102.
e-mail: k-ito@aist.go.jp
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Centre for Atomic, Molecular and Surface Physics (CAMSP), School of Physics,
The University of Western Australia, Perth WA 6009, Australia,
2
St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
3
Research Institute of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
[1] S. Komolov, Total Current Spectroscopy of Surfaces, Gordon and Breach Science
Publishers S.A, 1992.
e-mail: jim.williams@uwa.edu.au
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e-mail: pujari@barc.gov.in
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e-mail: abdulnasser.saleh@uob.edu.ly
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1.0
Ps fraction fPs- (%)
0.04
0.02
0.01
0
500
0.8
0.6
0.4
Counts / s
0.03
510
520
530
0.2
0.0
0
540
5
10
15
20
25
Positron incident energy Ee+ (keV)
e-mail: 1213705@ed.tus.ac.jp
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,2014106
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sin 2 P d / 2
( P d ) 2 ( P d ) 2 (2 ) 2
P2
RII 1 2 y 2 2
KF / d
(1)
It is shown that the main contribution in ADAP spectra give the first quantum state of
electrons in Cu-O(1) layer (n=1) and the contribution more highly laying states in ADAP has
a maximum for emission angles of annihilation photons corresponding to position on discrete
quantum states in conducting layer. With increasing of number of a subzone their
contribution to R|| decreases. The cutting angle of total spectrum ADAP corresponds to
number of a subzone in which the positron at the moment positron annihilation (in this case n
=1) is located. According to (1) ADAP for R shows presence of "oscillating talk" for greater
momentums and periodically repeating features in the shape "plateau" which one corresponds
to positions of subzones in momentum space. For parallel component ADAP spectra take
place cutting of R|| component of ADAP spectra (1). It shows that HWHM of curve R for
captured states of positron is more appropriate for free positron state. This circumstance is
probably connected with restricted movement of a positron in a cross direction in the
potential well that lead to increase of collision frequency of a positron with walls of potential
well and leads to additional broadening of annihilation lines in comparison to a case free
annihilation. Note, that both in the first, and in the second cases are observed weak oscillation
R1 on a tail of spectrum ADAP with periodicity 4 for dimensionless parameter =p1d.
Same behavior of curve ADAP takes place and in case of annihilation for free positron states.
It is shown that FWHM for R|| more narrow than for R . It has been shown that for
superconductivity are responsible valence electrons of oxygen O(1) ions in Cu-O(1) layer,
which concentration, anyway, less than electronic density of bulk metal. On the other hand
FWHM for R do not depend on a parameter of superconductive layer.
e-mail: adkhampaiziev@gmail.com
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Both amorphous and crystalline quartz materials are of significant industrial and
scientific value due to their variety of properties used in a wide range of applications. The
interaction of positron and positronium with these materials has been of interest to a number
of researchers over the years and continues to be so [1, 2]. Amorphous quartz offers good
resistance to radiation damage, and crystalline quartz offers a unique and well-defined
crystalline lattice for studies of the positron interactions with these types of material. Here we
present our comparisons of amorphous, fused quartz versus crystalline quartz.
In Doppler-broadening energy spectra (DBES) measurements of quartz samples there is
a significant and differential interaction of the positron with fused and crystalline material
(see Fig. 1). Generally, this result points to the
0.5
difference in the greater defect amount in the
Fused Quartz
0.49
amorphous quartz versus the crystalline
material possessing an ordered array, and
0.48
presumably much less defect.
0.47
In bulk positron annihilation lifetime
S
0.46
spectroscopy (PALS) measurements, the
differences in amorphous versus crystalline
0.45
Crystalline Quartz
quartz can be deconvoluted into the lifetimes
0.44
and intensities. Regarding observed lifetimes
0.43
the defect volumes appear to be similarly sized
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
(cf. 3), but with a requisite larger I3 related to
Positron Incident Energy (kev)
the defect amount in the amorphous material.
Also of interest is the difference in 2; we Fig. 1: DBES data for fused (top) and
associate this lifetime with the ortho-Ps crystalline quartz (bottom) expressed as a
shape-parameter (S).
annihilation in the lattice of the materials.
Table 1. Bulk PALS lifetimes and intensities for amorphous and crystalline quartz. The
number in parentheses represents the calculated error in the last significant digit reported.
Sample
Fused quartz
Cryst.
quartz
1 (ns, fixed
[2])
0.156
0.156
2 (ns)
3 (ns)
I1 (%)
I2 (%)
I3 (%)
Var.
0.53(1)
0.329(2)
1.594(7)
1.50(3)
27.2(3)
33.5(7)
22.4(3)
62.8(6)
50.4(4)
3.7(1)
1.042
1.055
We thank Prof. James Murowchick (UMKC Geosciences) for technical assistance and the
University of Missouri Research Board for partial funding of this work.
e-mail: vanhornj@umkc.edu
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e-mail: anirban.roychowdhury61@gmail.com
e-mail: ddas@alpha.iuc.res.in
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e-mail: epprokopiev@mail.ru
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Material science Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India.
2
Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 11AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India.
3
Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India.
S-parameter
Zr2.5%Nb alloy is used as pressure tube material in pressurized heavy water reactor
(PHWR) due to low neutron absorption cross-section, high resistance to corrosion, irradiation
stability and mechanical properties. However, the high radiation environment may lead to
radiation induced damage resulting in the appearance of defects, creep and growth of the tube
that influence the mechanical properties
of the material. Positron annihilation
Mean implantation depth (nm)
710
77
448
234
spectroscopy (PAS) is a well established
0
1.025
technique to probe defects in materials.
The ability of positron to get localized in
1.020
low
electron
density
regions
1.015
(defects/open volumes) helps in probing
1.010
atomic order defects in materials with
sensitivity in the range of a few ppm.
1.005
Defect study has been carried out in Zr1.000
2.5%Nb alloys irradiated with 315 keV
Ar9+ ions with fluence varying from
0.995
3.1x1015 to 4.17x1016 ions/cm2. The
Unirradiated sample
0.990
Irradiated 1 (3.1x10 ions/cm )
defect distribution has been estimated
0.985
Irradiated 2 (4.17x10 ions/cm )
using
TRIM
calculation.
The
conventional PAS technique provides
0
5
10
15
20
Positron energy (keV)
bulk information about the material,
therefore, slow positron beam has been
Fig 1: The S-parameter profile in unirradiated and
used for defect depth profiling in the
irradiated alloys
irradiated alloys. Doppler broadening
measurement has been carried out in the positron incidence energy range 0.2-22 keV. The Sparameter (Figure 1) shows the increasing trend at lower depths indicating the presence of an
oxide layer on the alloy surface. There is significant increase in S-parameter in the irradiated
samples at a depth corresponding to the range of Ar9+ ions in the material, consistent with
TRIM calculation (100-300 nm), indicating the presence of large number of defects in
irradiated samples. The S-parameter is also seen to increase with the increase in fluence. The
SW analysis revealed the presence of similar type of defects in the samples irradiated at
different fluences. Therefore, the increase in S-parameter can be related to the increase in
defect concentration with the fluence.
15
16
e-mail: dsrivas@barc.gov.in
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High Energy Nuclear Physics Lab. (A.D.S. Programme) Department of Physics, University
of Rajasthan, Jaipur
2
V.G.U. Jagatpura, Jaipur
S-parameter
Material
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Al
Al
Al
Cu
Cu
Cu
Brass
Brass
Brass
Irradiation
Time(Hours)
24
120
24
120
24
120
S parameter
0.89320.0064
0.87800.0062
0.88220.0065
0.78840.0042
0.80290.0044
0.79360.0043
0.76390.0042
0.77440.0043
0.77010.0045
W -parameter
WW+
0.00360.0003 0.00550.0005
0.00160.0002 0.00340.0005
0.00050.0001 0.00140.0003
0.00140.0002 0.00340.0003
0.00020.00005 0.00120.0002
0.00010.00004 0.00170.0002
0.00350.0002 0.00430.0003
0.00040.0001 0.00320.0003
0.00480.0003 0.00560.0004
Table 1: Calculated values of S and W parameters for Doppler broadening of annihilation peaks for
materials (before and after irradiation).
e-mail: punar06@gmail.com
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,2014112
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Low implantation depth of positrons from isotope sources limits the size of the
sample for positron annihilation spectroscopic studies. A photon induced positron
annihilation spectroscopic method (PIPA), where positrons are produced in situ via pair
production processes upon incidence of high energy gamma rays on the sample, is an
alternative method to study defects in larger samples. The size of the samples that can be
studied using this method is limited by the attenuation of annihilation gamma-ray. A
PIPA facility is developed at the Folded Tandem Ion Accelerator (FOTIA) facility,
BARC [1]. Possibility of using prompt gamma-rays produced in nuclear reactions 27Al
(1H,)28Si and 19F(1H,)16O were examined. The reaction 19F(1H,)16O provided higher
photon flux. The particular nuclear reaction was also preferred due to high energy of the
gamma-rays involved, resulting in the high positron yield/pair production cross section.
The Doppler broadening of annihilation radiation measurements have been carried
out in cold worked zircaloy-2 samples and tungsten inert gas welded stainless steel
samples for the defect studies. The sizes of the samples were roughly 5cm5cm0.5cm.
The collimation of the photon beam was 2.5cm2.5cm to cover larger area in the sample.
The S-parameter in all the samples has been evaluated. Measured S-parameter, which is a
measure of defect concentration, was well correlated with the residual stress in the cold
worked zircaloy samples and welding parameters in TIG welded stainless steel samples.
The PIPA setup and results of our measurements in large samples will be discussed.
[1] P.K. Pujari et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 270 (2012) 128.
e-mail: pujari@barc.gov.in
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National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki
305-8568, Japan
We report on the development of a new positron beamline facility at AIST [1]. Positrons
are generated by the 70MeV electron beam from the AIST electron accelerator and are
magnetically guided to the experimental room. The positrons can be guided into either of two
separate beamports both of which are arranged vertically, i.e. positrons are incident on
horizontally mounted samples from above. Both beamports contain a beam chopping and
pulse bunching apparatus for high resolution positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy
(PALS). The first port uses an unfocussed beam and is suitable for PALS and Doppler
broadening of annihilation radiation (DBAR) measurements with large (>10 mm) samples.
The second beamline contains a brightness enhancement apparatus using a transmission type
remoderator in a similar design to the existing AIST positron probe microanalyzer (PPMA)
[2]. As samples can be loaded horizontally, it is possible to study liquids on both beamports,
which until now has not been possible using our existing horizontal beam. In the contribution
we will describe the new beamline and our preliminary measurements on liquid samples.
[1] B. E. ORourke, N. Oshima, A. Kinomura, T. Ohdaira and R. Suzuki, Mat. Sci. Forum
733 (2013) 285.
[2] N. Oshima, R. Suzuki, T. Ohdaira, A. Kinomura, T. Narumi, A. Uedono and M. Fujinami,
J. of Appl. Phys. 103 (2008) 094916.
e-mail: brian-orourke@aist.go.jp
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We present here the design of a pulsed beam setup to deliver narrow time width pulses
to a sample for positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopic measurements. The major
constituents of the setup will include- 22Na radioactive source and moderator assembly, EB
deflector for filtering out high energy positron and gamma rays, chopper-prebuncher-buncher
assembly for time bunching of the slow positrons. In the ExB section, the crossed electric and
magnetic field (axial) guides the slow positrons through an off-centered hole in a 25 mm
thick tungsten block. This arrangement will have better energy resolution (~ 3%) as
compared to the conventional bent beam setup. We have used curved plates instead of
parallel plates to minimize the radial distortion of the positron beam. The dimensions of the
designed plate are (i) 250 mm long (ii) 90 and 60 mm diameter for outer cylinder and inner
cylinder, respectively. The initial beam will be time bunched to 2.5 ns FWHM pulses using a
reflection type chopper which will be made of three tungsten meshes separated by alumina
insulators. The middle mesh will be fed a 37.5 MHz square wave. The prebuncher is a double
gap buncher consisting of two concentric cylinders. A 37.5 MHz RF is fed to the inner tube.
The two bunching gaps, defined by the edges of the inner cylinder, are separated by a
distance corresponding to the length (125 mm) travelled by positrons in half of the time
period of the RF (250 eV, 37.5 MHz). The main buncher was simulated using CST
Microwave Studio. It is designed as a quarter wave resonator with base frequency of 150
MHz with a Q value of 2100. Positron trajectories were simulated in the buncher cavity and
the effect of- (a) beam size (b) energy spread (c) angular spread on final pulse width is
simulated. Effect of sample bias and the drift tube bias is also monitored. The conventional
design of the quarter wave resonator will have the inner tube cantilevered at one end. To
prevent the sagging of the inner tube, we have supported the inner conductor using a
dielectric material support. The change in the resonant frequency is compensated by a
conducting plunger. The incident beam energy can be varied either by negatively biasing the
sample (compared to the moderator) or by a post-bunching accelerator.
e-mail: pujari@barc.gov.in
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e-mail: nn.mondal2011@gmail.com
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,2014117
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www.psi.ch/drs/evaluation-board
root.cern.ch
Y. Kobayshi et al., Rad. Phys. Chem. 76 (2007) 224.
Zs. Kajcsos et al., Rad. Phys. Chem. 76 (2007) 231.
S. H. Huang et al., Rad. Phys. Chem. 81 (2912) 791.
Acknowledgements: This work has been supported by projects at the MSES of the Republic
of Croatia 098-0982904-2953, 098-0982886-2893, 119-1191005-1021 and IAEA CRP
contract 17251.
e-mail: bosnar@phy.hr
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,2014118
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AuthorIndex
Abdel-Hady E. E.
Abdel-Hamed M. O.
Abdulmalik D. A.
Abhaya S.
Adachi S.
Aghion S.
Akiyama Y.
Alam M. Ashraf
Alam S.
AlMaaded M.A.
Al-Qaradawi I.Y.
Amarendra G.
Anwand W.
Artamonov Oleg M.
Arutyunov N.Yu.
Asai S.
Assaf B. A.
Axpe E.
42
42
95, 96
74
53
41
21, 101
5, 23, 40, 70
59, 97
96
95, 96
20, 59, 74, 113
7, 29, 36, 72
103
50
53
27
69
Badiger Girish
Barbiellini B.
Bartoov I.
Basavarajeshwari B. M.
Basu Sandip
Beavis P.
Bekeshev V. G.
Belousova E. V.
Berek D.
Bhajantri R. F.
93
27
45, 76
91, 92
22
5, 40
77
77
99
56, 60, 65, 89,
91, 92, 93
112
104
67
16, 58
100, 118
100, 118
85
24, 41
7, 29, 36, 64
3, 55
Bharti Aruna
Bhattacharya D.
Blanchard Didier
Baewicz A.
Bosnar D.
Bosnar S.
Boyle G.
Brusa R. S.
Butterling M.
Byakov V. M.
Caballero F. Reyes
Calderon P. Diaz
Cassidy D. B.
Ceeh H.
Chandra Subhash
Chandrappa H.
Checchetto R.
Chejara Naresh
Chen H.
Chirayath V. Anto
Choudhary S. Roy
Cocks D.G.
Comini P.
Cooke D. A.
Coveney A.
Cowan T.E.
Cyriac Jincemon
Das D.
David C.
De Rina
Deshpande S. K.
Devi Aruna
Domnkov M.
Dupltre G.
urevi B.
Dutta D.
Ebisawa N.
Egger W.
Eldrup Morten
Elnikova L. V.
Elsayed M.
Emtsev V. V.
Enrione J.
Faupel F.
Fedus K.
Feldblyum Jeremy I.
Ferragut R.
Fiedler F.
Filimonov M. K.
72
70
13
15
112
56
41
112
19
20
87
85
52
79
5, 70
7, 29, 36
35
109
113
84
32
111
45
3
118
26, 32, 104,
114
11
9
67
86
50
50
70
9
54
26
12, 41
29
77
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,2014119
11thInternationalWorkshopon
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Fukaya Y.
18
Gaikwad P. V.
Ganguly Bichitra Nandi
Garcia J. A.
Gidley David W.
Gigl T.
Gorgol M.
Goworek J.
Grafutin V.I.
Guagliardo P.
Gupta S. K.
Gupta S. K.
Gupta S. K.
Guruswamy
Gustov V. W.
49
10
69
26
15
16
16
110
75, 103
63
112
116
65
77
Hagihara H.
Halder A.
Hammannavar Preeti B.
Harms S.
Hasegawa M.
Hass F.
Haumann M.
He C.
Hebbar Vidyashree
Heiman D.
Herold C.
Hervieux P. A.
Hirade T.
Honda Y.
Horn J. D. Van
Hugenschmidt C.
Hughes D.
Hundekar Chetan
Hurkadli Manjunath
Husband P.
Hyodo T.
90
117
91, 92, 93
9
11
80
15
25, 68
60
27
15
52, 73, 80, 81
33
21, 101
19, 108
15
5, 40, 70
92, 93
92, 93
76
18
Ichimiya A.
Iida S.
Illekov E.
Imirzian James
Inoue K.
Ishida A.
Ismyail
Ito Kenji
Jakhar Narender
Jaworowski M. R.
Jean Y.C.
Jha S. K.
Joglekar P.V.
Jungmann M.
Kai Takeshi
Kalarikkal Nandakumar
Karbowski A.
Karwasz G. P.
Kawamura Y.
Kawasuso A.
Kempe M.
Kessler C.
Kevdina I. B.
Kierys A.
Kino Y.
Kinomura Atsushi
Kobayashi T.
Kobayashi Y.
Koschine T.
Kostenko M.G.
Koymen A. R.
Kozlovski V. V.
Krause-Rehberg R.
Krjak V.
Kshirsagar A.
Kulikov L.A.
Kumar K.V. Aneesh
Kumar S.
Kunioka M.
Kuriplach J.
Leuenberger Bruno-H
Li Q.
Lim Z. H.
Liu Ming
Liu Y.
18
106
99
26
11
53
65
102
112
19
19, 108
46, 114
27
7
37
35
54
54
14
18
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50
77
16
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115
53
11
9
64
27
50
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47
49
3
66
109
90
4
5
68
27
26
68
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,2014120
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Lobo Blaise
Macov E.
Madhu P. K.
Madi N. K.
Maekawa M.
Maheshwari Priya
99
32
95
18
32, 49, 104,
111, 114, 116
73, 80, 81
25, 68
99
26
2
112
72
111
69
41
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117
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82
7
66
Manfredi G.
Mao W.
Mako I.
Matzger Adam J.
Maurer Frans H.J.
Meena Dalpat
Meja J. A.
Menon Ranjini
Merida D.
Miotello A.
Mochizuki I.
Mohallem J. R.
Mohamed Aya H.
Mohamed Hamdy F. M.
Mondal N. N.
Morandi O.
Mukherjee M.
Mukherjee S.
Mukherjee T.
Mller A.
Munirathnamma L. M.
Nabhiraj P. Y.
Nagai Y.
Nagashima Y.
Nagumo K.
Naik Jagadish
Namba T.
Nambissan P.M.G.
Natarajan V.
Neogy S.
Ningaraju S.
Nishijima S.
Oganesyan G. A.
Ohrt C.
Oishi A.
Oka T.
O'Rourke Brian E.
Oshima N.
Ovalle S. A. Martnez
Padma N.
Paiziev A.
Palacio C. A.
Palsania H.S.
Panigrahi B. K.
Pasang T.
Pastukhov A. V.
Patil Pushkar N.
Patri M.
Perfiliev Yu. D.
Petriska M.
Petrov V. N.
Pivtsaev A.
Plazaola F.
Poveda L.
Pravica L.
Premila M.
Prokopev E.P.
Pujari P.K.
Quero F.
Rahatekar S. S.
Rahul M. T.
Rajaraman R.
Ramachandran R.
Raje N.
Ramani R.
Ranganath M. R.
Ranganathaiah C.
Rath S. K.
Rathod Sunil G.
Rtzke K.
Ravelli L.
Ravikumar H. B.
111
11
17, 106
11
60, 89
53
35, 60
63
111
66
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50
9
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72
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70
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59
32
59, 97
92
34, 57, 66
39
56, 89
9
9
66
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,2014121
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
Ravindrachary V.
Ray Hasi
Razov V. I.
Reiner M.
Rempel A. A.
Renjith R.
Richardson R.
Roussenova M. V.
Roychowdhury A.
Sabelov V.
Sagar Rohan S.
Saify M. T.
Saito H.
Saleh Abdulnasser. S.
Samarin S.N.
Sankar S.
Sano Y.
Sanyal D.
aua O.
Schnweiz A.
Sekine T.
Selim F. A.
Selvakumar S.
Semba T.
Shantarovich V. P.
Sharma S. K.
Shastry K.
Sheela T.
Shibuya K.
Shidara T.
Shimizu Y.
Shrivatav Subodh
Singh K. Chandramani
Sinha V.
Sivaji K.
Sivaniah Easan
Sivasankari J.
Sluge V.
Srivastava D.
Stepanov P.S.
Stepanov S.V.
Stolarz D.
Suda H.
Sudarshan K.
47
65
46
14
105
75, 103
48
44, 94
61
99
15
44, 94
76
48, 62
48
77
32, 46, 49, 63,
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27
60, 89
14
18
11
112
87
46
48, 62
5
48
45, 47, 76
31, 111, 114
55
3, 36, 55
Tang Xiuqin
Tattersall W. J.
Tedeschi Concetta
Terabe H.
Thirumurthi K.
Toyama T.
Tydda M.
Sundar C. S.
Suzuki Ryoichi
Suzuki T.
Sveinbjrnsson Dadi
Swain A.
Ubbink Job
Uedono A.
Ukai Masatoshi
25
85
5
106
88
11
58
5
48
37
Valeeva A. A.
Vallery Richard S.
Vijay Shilpa
Vijay Y. K.
Vijayavargiya J. K.
64
26
98
98, 112
98
Wada K.
Wagner A.
Watanabe Ritsuko
Weiss A. H.
White R. D.
Williams J. F.
Wong-Foy Antek G.
Wu F.
18
7, 29, 36
37
27
85
75, 103
26
108
Xiong B
Yadav R.
Yamaji T.
Yamashita T.
Yokoya Akinari
54
90
32, 39, 49, 63,
75, 103, 104,
114
6, 62, 74
115
106
67
5, 40
25, 68
87
53
43, 106
37
CidadedeGoa,Goa,IndiaNovember914,2014122
11thInternationalWorkshopon
PositronandPositroniumChemistry
Yoshimoto Shigeru
Zaleski R.
Zaluzhnyi A. G.
102
Zgardziska B
Zhang W.
Zvezhinskiy D. S.
16
55
58
19
3, 36
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