Ruxandra Enache

Structural Analysis
Contact information:
enacheruxandra@msn.com
Office hours:
Thursday: 12-14

FILS Dean Office

Ruxandra Enache

Structural Analysis

Course 1

How I earn points in order to pass the Structural

Analysis exam?
Homeworks (10) = 10 points
Problem 1 (C 7 ) = 20 points
Problem 2 (C10) =
5 points
Problem 3(C12) =
5 points
Problem 4(exam) = 20 points
Problem 1+Problem 4 are mandatory
Minimum 35 points for getting theory
Theory Test (exam) = 40 points
Minimum 45 points for passing the exam

Ruxandra Enache

Structural Analysis

Course 1

Bibliography
Ifrim M., Macavei F., Vlad I. - Statica, stabilitatea i dinamica
construciilor. Structuri static determinate, UTCB, 1987
Gheorghiu, Al .- Statica, stabilitatea i dinamica construciilor,
Editura didactic i pedagogic, Bucureti, 1974 .
Harry H. West, Fundamentals of Structural Analysis, John
Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2002
Keneth Leet et al., Fundamentals of Structural Analysis, Mc
Graw Hill, 2008
L.Gabor, M.Zanfir, E.Albot, R.Enache Statica construciilor,
Aplicaii, Bucureti, Conspress, 2003.

Ruxandra Enache

Structural Analysis

Course 1

Chapter 1 :FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS IN

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Content
Structural Mechanics Disciplines
Structural Analysis Objectives
Modelling actions
Modelling system
Modellins response

Objectivs of chapter 1
Knowledge and competences refering to modelling actions,
system and response
Define and classify actions
Accept assumptions for defining structural linear model
Understand the consequences of accepting these
assumptions
Define the types of structures to be studied.

Objectivs of Structural Analysis

Correct designing of the structural form
Determination of internal forces diagrams
Computation of elastic displacements in different points of
the structure

Disciplines of Structural Mechanisc

Theoretical Mechanics
Strength of Materials
Structural Analysis
Stability of structures
Dynamics of structures
Earthquake Engineering
Plastic Analysis of structures
Elasticity Theory

Action

System

Models

Response

Modelling action
Clasifying actions
Types of actions

Clasifying actions
static
:

By their variability in time

dynamic

By the variability of their point of

application

fixed
moving
permanent

By the variability of their existence

temporary

Clasifying actions

direct

By the manner they act on the structure

indirect
determinist
By the law of defining action
random

Types of actions
Exterior forces
The exterior force concept must be understand in a
generalised form, which consists of:
o Concentrated forces
o Distributed forces
o Concentrated moments
Temperature changes
Support settlements
Imposed displacements
Execution errors

Modelling system

Types of structural elements

Assumptions
Principles
Types of structures

Types of structural elements

Line type elements
(bars)

Surface type elements

S
L
B

B,H<<L

B,H<<S
B

a
Figura 1

S
H<<S,L

H<<B,L

a
Figura 2

Block type elements

Figura 3

Types of structural elements

Structural Analysis deals only
with line type elements

Line type elements

H

S
L
B

B,H<<L

B,H<<S
B

a
Figura 1

Assumptions
Geometrically
Small displacements assumption
linear model
Elements should be considered by their axes
Axial indeformability assumption
Neglecting the effect of the element curving on the
displacement of its ends
The assumption of a perfect elastic, continous, homogeneous
and isotropic material

Physically
linear model

Assumptions
Geometrically
linear model

Physically
linear model

Model with
linear behaviour
Structural Analysis deals with solving linear systems,
therefore it is also named Linear Structural Analysis
(or Linear Statics) or First Order Analysis.

Principles

In Linear Structural Analysis the following two

principles are valid:
The superposition principle
The proportionality principle

Giving up to some assumptions

If we give up to axial indeformability assumption there is
available a joint displacement generalisation which basis
the Matrix Analysis of structures
If we give up to small displacement asumption, the static
equilibrium is no longer expressed by reporting it to the
undeflected structure. This is The second order Analysis
and the Stability of structures domain.
If we give up to the elastic material assumption, there is
no proportionality between forces and displacements.
This is Plastic Analysis of structures.

Types of structures
Beams
Simple beams

d
Figura 9

Gerber beams
Figura 10

Continous beams

Figura 11

Types of structures
Frames
b

c
d
Figura 12

Types of structures
Arches

c
Figura 13

Types of structures
Trusses

c
Figura 14

Modelling response

Internal forces diagrams (N-axial force diagram, Tshear force diagram, M- bending moment diagram);
Displacement in a point (translations i rotations
).

Self evaluation test

1. The concept of force refers to:

a. Only concentrated forces
b. Concentrated, distribuited forces and moments
c. Concentrated, distribuited forces, moments and support
settlements
2. Structural Analysis deals with:
a. Structures made up by straight line elements
b. Structures made up by straight and curved line elements
c. Structures made up by line and surface elements

3. The displacements of a structure can be neglected :

a. In absolute value
b. Only by reporting them to the structure dimensions
4. In the Second order Analysis there are valid:
a. Small displacement assumption
b. Axial indeformability assumption
c. Elastic material assumption
5. The response resulting from structural analysis consists of:
a. Internal forces
b. Stresses
c. Reinforce dimensioning
d. Displacement computation

Ruxandra Enache

Structural Analysis

Course 1

Chapter 2 : ASSEMBLING ELEMENTS TO FORM

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
Objectives
Design correctly the structural form

Content

Supports and Internal Connections

Static determinancy
Geometrical invariability
Static determinate structures made up by structural units
Critical systems

Supports and Internal Connections

Axiom of the restraints
Supports

Internal connections

The roller (the simple support/the

link)

The simple interior connection (the

link)

The pin ( or the external hinge)

The simple hinge

The fixed end

The multiple hinge

The simple rigid connection
The multiple rigid connection