Tecnolgico de Monterrey

Department of Civil Engineering

Structural Analysis

March 2014

Plane stress example: Determine the vertical and horizontal displacement of the free end of the beam. The
beam is 300 mm long, 100 mm deep, 12 mm thick and is made of A36 steel (E = 200 GPa and = 0.3).
4 kN

Solution:
STEP 1: Divide the structure into a finite number of elements.

2000

100

100

100

2000

100

STEP 2: Identify coordinate system, joints and elements

Y

1
2

5
4

Joint
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

X [mm]
0
100
200
300
300
200
100
0

Y [mm]
0
0
0
0
100
100
100
100

Element
1
2
3
4
5
6

A
1
1
2
2
3
3

B
7
2
6
3
5
4

C
8
7
7
6
6
5

STEP 3: Label the displacements and forces

d16

d14

d15

d2

d13

d4

d1

d12

d11

d6

d3

d10

d9

d8

d5

F16

F15

F2

d7

F14

F13

F4

F1

F12

F11

F6

F3

F10

F9

F8

F5

F7

Page 1 of 4

STEP 4: For each element compute the stiffness matrix

Element
1

E=
t=
v=

2.0E+05
1.2E+01
3.0E-01

[J] =

0.0E+00
1.0E+02

|J| =

[B] =

[k]=

Element
3

joint
2
6
7

0.0E+00
1.0E+02

0.0E+00
0
-1.0E-02

joint
3
5
6

[J] =

0.0E+00
1.0E+02

[k]=

2
6.6E+04
2.2E+05
0

A = 5000
0
-1.0E-02
0.0E+00

x
100
200
100

1.0E-02
0
0.0E+00

0
0.0E+00
1.0E-02

-1.0E-02
0
0
1.0E-02
1.0E-02 -1.0E-02
16
4.62E+05
-1.32E+06
3.96E+05
-4.62E+05
-8.57E+05
1.78E+06

1
2
13
14
15
16

4
6.6E+04
2.2E+05
0

0
0
7.7E+04

A = 5000
1.0E-02
0
0.0E+00

0
0.0E+00
1.0E-02

x
200
300
200

-1.0E-02
0
0
1.0E-02
1.0E-02 -1.0E-02
14
4.62E+05
-1.32E+06
3.96E+05
-4.62E+05
-8.57E+05
1.78E+06

3
4
11
12
13
14

0
0.0E+00
1.0E-02

6.6E+04
2.2E+05
0

0
0
7.7E+04

5
6
9
10
11
4.62E+05 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -4.62E+05 -4.62E+05
0.00E+00 1.32E+06 -3.96E+05 0.00E+00 3.96E+05
0.00E+00 -3.96E+05 1.32E+06 0.00E+00 -1.32E+06
-4.62E+05 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 4.62E+05 4.62E+05
-4.62E+05 3.96E+05 -1.32E+06 4.62E+05 1.78E+06
4.62E+05 -1.32E+06 3.96E+05 -4.62E+05 -8.57E+05

12
4.62E+05
-1.32E+06
3.96E+05
-4.62E+05
-8.57E+05
1.78E+06

5
6
9
10
11
12

joint
2
3
6

-1.0E+02
0.0E+00

-1.0E-02
0
0.0E+00

joint
3
4
5

[J] =

-1.0E+02
0.0E+00
10000
-1.0E-02
0
0.0E+00

6.6E+04
2.2E+05
0

0
0
7.7E+04

0.0E+00
0
1.0E-02

0
1.0E-02
0.0E+00

13
0.00E+00
-4.62E+05
-4.62E+05
4.62E+05
4.62E+05
0.00E+00

14
-3.96E+05
0.00E+00
3.96E+05
-1.32E+06
0.00E+00
1.32E+06

6.6E+04
2.2E+05
0

0
0
7.7E+04

0.0E+00
0
1.0E-02

0
1.0E-02
0.0E+00

11
0.00E+00
-4.62E+05
-4.62E+05
4.62E+05
4.62E+05
0.00E+00

12
-3.96E+05
0.00E+00
3.96E+05
-1.32E+06
0.00E+00
1.32E+06

6.6E+04
2.2E+05
0

0
0
7.7E+04

0.0E+00
0
1.0E-02

0
1.0E-02
0.0E+00

9
0.00E+00
-4.62E+05
-4.62E+05
4.62E+05
4.62E+05
0.00E+00

10
-3.96E+05
0.00E+00
3.96E+05
-1.32E+06
0.00E+00
1.32E+06

-1.0E+02
-1.0E+02
A = 5000
0
1.0E-02
0
0.0E+00
0
-1.0E-02
-1.0E-02 -1.0E-02 1.0E-02

x
100
200
200

1
2
3
4
13
14

y
0
0
100
2.2E+05
[D] = 6.6E+04
0

-1.0E+02
-1.0E+02
A = 5000
0
1.0E-02
0
0.0E+00
0
-1.0E-02
-1.0E-02 -1.0E-02 1.0E-02

3
4
5
6
1.32E+06 0.00E+00 -1.32E+06 3.96E+05
0.00E+00 4.62E+05 4.62E+05 -4.62E+05
-1.32E+06 4.62E+05 1.78E+06 -8.57E+05
3.96E+05 -4.62E+05 -8.57E+05 1.78E+06
0.00E+00 -4.62E+05 -4.62E+05 4.62E+05
-3.96E+05 0.00E+00 3.96E+05 -1.32E+06

2.0E+05
1.2E+01
3.0E-01

[k]=

2.2E+05
[D] = 6.6E+04
0

10000

E=
t=
v=

[B] =

y
0
0
100

1
2
3
4
1.32E+06 0.00E+00 -1.32E+06 3.96E+05
0.00E+00 4.62E+05 4.62E+05 -4.62E+05
-1.32E+06 4.62E+05 1.78E+06 -8.57E+05
3.96E+05 -4.62E+05 -8.57E+05 1.78E+06
0.00E+00 -4.62E+05 -4.62E+05 4.62E+05
-3.96E+05 0.00E+00 3.96E+05 -1.32E+06

[J] =

|J| =
-1.0E-02
0
0
1.0E-02
1.0E-02 -1.0E-02

-1.0E-02
0
0.0E+00

2.0E+05
1.2E+01
3.0E-01

x
0
100
100

10000

E=
t=
v=

[k]=

Element

A = 5000
1.0E-02
0
0.0E+00

-1.0E+02
0.0E+00

[B] =

-1.0E+02
0.0E+00

0
-1.0E-02
0.0E+00

[J] =

|J| =

y
0
100
100
2.2E+05
[D] = 6.6E+04
0

2.0E+05
1.2E+01
3.0E-01

[k]=

Element

joint
1
2
7

E=
t=
v=

[B] =

-1.0E+02
0.0E+00

0
-1.0E-02
0.0E+00

|J| =

y
0
100
100
2.2E+05
[D] = 6.6E+04
0

10000
0.0E+00
0
-1.0E-02

0
0
7.7E+04

-1.0E+02
0.0E+00

3
4
11
12
13
4.62E+05 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -4.62E+05 -4.62E+05
0.00E+00 1.32E+06 -3.96E+05 0.00E+00 3.96E+05
0.00E+00 -3.96E+05 1.32E+06 0.00E+00 -1.32E+06
-4.62E+05 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 4.62E+05 4.62E+05
-4.62E+05 3.96E+05 -1.32E+06 4.62E+05 1.78E+06
4.62E+05 -1.32E+06 3.96E+05 -4.62E+05 -8.57E+05

2.0E+05
1.2E+01
3.0E-01

[B] =

Element

2.2E+05
[D] = 6.6E+04
0

10000

E=
t=
v=

|J| =

y
0
100
100

1
2
13
14
15
4.62E+05 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -4.62E+05 -4.62E+05
0.00E+00 1.32E+06 -3.96E+05 0.00E+00 3.96E+05
0.00E+00 -3.96E+05 1.32E+06 0.00E+00 -1.32E+06
-4.62E+05 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 4.62E+05 4.62E+05
-4.62E+05 3.96E+05 -1.32E+06 4.62E+05 1.78E+06
4.62E+05 -1.32E+06 3.96E+05 -4.62E+05 -8.57E+05

[J] =

[k]=

0.0E+00
0
-1.0E-02

2.0E+05
1.2E+01
3.0E-01

[B] =

x
0
100
0

10000

E=
t=
v=

|J| =

Element

joint
1
7
8

x
200
300
300

3
4
5
6
11
12

y
0
0
100
2.2E+05
[D] = 6.6E+04
0

-1.0E+02
-1.0E+02
A = 5000
0
1.0E-02
0
0.0E+00
0
-1.0E-02
-1.0E-02 -1.0E-02 1.0E-02

5
6
7
8
1.32E+06 0.00E+00 -1.32E+06 3.96E+05
0.00E+00 4.62E+05 4.62E+05 -4.62E+05
-1.32E+06 4.62E+05 1.78E+06 -8.57E+05
3.96E+05 -4.62E+05 -8.57E+05 1.78E+06
0.00E+00 -4.62E+05 -4.62E+05 4.62E+05
-3.96E+05 0.00E+00 3.96E+05 -1.32E+06

5
6
7
8
9
10

Page 2 of 4

STEP 5: Map the global stiffness matrix and global load vector

[K]{d} =

1
1.78E+06
0.00E+00
-1.32E+06
3.96E+05
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00E+00
-8.57E+05
-4.62E+05
4.62E+05

2
0.00E+00
1.78E+06
4.62E+05
-4.62E+05
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-8.57E+05
0.00E+00
3.96E+05
-1.32E+06

3
-1.32E+06
4.62E+05
3.56E+06
-8.57E+05
-1.32E+06
3.96E+05
0
0
0
0
0.00E+00
-8.57E+05
-9.23E+05
8.57E+05
0
0

4
3.96E+05
-4.62E+05
-8.57E+05
3.56E+06
4.62E+05
-4.62E+05
0
0
0
0
-8.57E+05
0.00E+00
8.57E+05
-2.64E+06
0
0

5
0
0
-1.32E+06
4.62E+05
3.56E+06
-8.57E+05
-1.32E+06
3.96E+05
0.00E+00
-8.57E+05
-9.23E+05
8.57E+05
0
0
0
0

6
0
0
3.96E+05
-4.62E+05
-8.57E+05
3.56E+06
4.62E+05
-4.62E+05
-8.57E+05
0.00E+00
8.57E+05
-2.64E+06
0
0
0
0

7
0
0
0
0
-1.32E+06
4.62E+05
1.78E+06
-8.57E+05
-4.62E+05
3.96E+05
0
0
0
0
0
0

8
0
0
0
0
3.96E+05
-4.62E+05
-8.57E+05
1.78E+06
4.62E+05
-1.32E+06
0
0
0
0
0
0

9
0
0
0
0
0.00E+00
-8.57E+05
-4.62E+05
4.62E+05
1.78E+06
0.00E+00
-1.32E+06
3.96E+05
0
0
0
0

10
0
0
0
0
-8.57E+05
0.00E+00
3.96E+05
-1.32E+06
0.00E+00
1.78E+06
4.62E+05
-4.62E+05
0
0
0
0

11
0
0
0.00E+00
-8.57E+05
-9.23E+05
8.57E+05
0
0
-1.32E+06
4.62E+05
3.56E+06
-8.57E+05
-1.32E+06
3.96E+05
0
0

12
0
0
-8.57E+05
0.00E+00
8.57E+05
-2.64E+06
0
0
3.96E+05
-4.62E+05
-8.57E+05
3.56E+06
4.62E+05
-4.62E+05
0
0

13
0.00E+00
-8.57E+05
-9.23E+05
8.57E+05
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1.32E+06
4.62E+05
3.56E+06
-8.57E+05
-1.32E+06
3.96E+05

14
-8.57E+05
0.00E+00
8.57E+05
-2.64E+06
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.96E+05
-4.62E+05
-8.57E+05
3.56E+06
4.62E+05
-4.62E+05

15
-4.62E+05
3.96E+05
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1.32E+06
4.62E+05
1.78E+06
-8.57E+05

16
4.62E+05
-1.32E+06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.96E+05
-4.62E+05
-8.57E+05
1.78E+06

0.00E+00
-8.57E+05
-9.23E+05
8.57E+05
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1.32E+06
4.62E+05
3.56E+06
-8.57E+05
-1.32E+06
3.96E+05

-8.57E+05
0.00E+00
8.57E+05
-2.64E+06
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.96E+05
-4.62E+05
-8.57E+05
3.56E+06
4.62E+05
-4.62E+05

-4.62E+05
3.96E+05
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1.32E+06
4.62E+05
1.78E+06
-8.57E+05

4.62E+05
-1.32E+06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.96E+05
-4.62E+05
-8.57E+05
1.78E+06

d1
d2
d3
d4
d5
d6
d7
d8
d9
d10
d11
d12
d13
d14
d15
d16

0
0
d3
d4
d5
d6
d7
d8
d9
d10
d11
d12
d13
d14
0
0

F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
F8
F9
F10
F11
F12
F13
F14
F15
F16

F1
F2
0
0
0
0
0
-2000
0
-2000
0
0
0
0
F15
F16

STEP 6: Boundary conditions

2000

100

100

1.78E+06
0.00E+00
-1.32E+06
3.96E+05
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00E+00
-8.57E+05
-4.62E+05
4.62E+05

0.00E+00
1.78E+06
4.62E+05
-4.62E+05
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-8.57E+05
0.00E+00
3.96E+05
-1.32E+06

-1.32E+06
4.62E+05
3.56E+06
-8.57E+05
-1.32E+06
3.96E+05
0
0
0
0
0.00E+00
-8.57E+05
-9.23E+05
8.57E+05
0
0

3.96E+05
-4.62E+05
-8.57E+05
3.56E+06
4.62E+05
-4.62E+05
0
0
0
0
-8.57E+05
0.00E+00
8.57E+05
-2.64E+06
0
0

0
0
-1.32E+06
4.62E+05
3.56E+06
-8.57E+05
-1.32E+06
3.96E+05
0.00E+00
-8.57E+05
-9.23E+05
8.57E+05
0
0
0
0

0
0
3.96E+05
-4.62E+05
-8.57E+05
3.56E+06
4.62E+05
-4.62E+05
-8.57E+05
0.00E+00
8.57E+05
-2.64E+06
0
0
0
0

100

0
0
0
0
-1.32E+06
4.62E+05
1.78E+06
-8.57E+05
-4.62E+05
3.96E+05
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
3.96E+05
-4.62E+05
-8.57E+05
1.78E+06
4.62E+05
-1.32E+06
0
0
0
0
0
0

100

0
0
0
0
0.00E+00
-8.57E+05
-4.62E+05
4.62E+05
1.78E+06
0.00E+00
-1.32E+06
3.96E+05
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
-8.57E+05
0.00E+00
3.96E+05
-1.32E+06
0.00E+00
1.78E+06
4.62E+05
-4.62E+05
0
0
0
0

0
0
0.00E+00
-8.57E+05
-9.23E+05
8.57E+05
0
0
-1.32E+06
4.62E+05
3.56E+06
-8.57E+05
-1.32E+06
3.96E+05
0
0

2000

0
0
-8.57E+05
0.00E+00
8.57E+05
-2.64E+06
0
0
3.96E+05
-4.62E+05
-8.57E+05
3.56E+06
4.62E+05
-4.62E+05
0
0

STEP 7: Solve for unknown displacements and forces

d3
d4
d5
d6
d7
d8
d9
d10
d11
d12
d13
d14

-0.0059
-0.0105
-0.0095
-0.0299
-0.0109
-0.0537
0.0097
-0.0529
0.0088
-0.0291
0.0057
-0.0097

d16

d14

d15

d2

d13

d4

d1
F16

12000
-2749.79
-12000
6749.795

F2

d6

F14

F1

d8

F12

d7
F10

F11

F6

F3

d9

d5

F13

F4

d10

d11

d3

F15

F1
F2
F15
F16

d12

F9

F8

F5

F7

Page 3 of 4

STEP 8: Solve for STRESSES

Element
Displacements [mm]
1
2
3
4
1
0
0
-0.00592 -0.00592
2
0
0
-0.01053 -0.01053
3
0.005688 -0.00592 0.008828 -0.00953
4
-0.00975 -0.01053 -0.02905 -0.02986
5
0
0.005688 0.005688 0.008828
6
0
-0.00975 -0.00975 -0.02905
Stresses [MPa]
Sx
12.5
-12.5
7.4
-7.4
Sy
3.8
-2.2
3.8
-0.6
Sxy
-7.5
0.8
-5.9
-0.7
Principal axis
Smax
16.8
-2.1
11.8
-0.5
Smin
-0.6
-12.6
-0.6
-7.5
Tmax
8.7
5.2
6.2
3.5
qp
-30
-5
-36
6

5
-0.00953
-0.02986
0.009711
-0.05287
0.008828
-0.02905

6
-0.00953
-0.02986
-0.0109
-0.05368
0.009711
-0.05287

2.5
2.3
-4.2

-2.5
0.9
-2.5

6.6
-1.8
4.2
-45

2.2
-3.8
3.0
28

Page 4 of 4