THE EFFECT OF USING DRILL METHOD IN TEACHING

INTERPERSONAL SPEAKING AT TENTH GRADE OF SMA NEGERI 7

PADANGSIDIMPUAN

By :
KASNAWATI SIREGAR
NPM : 11080026

A. Background of the Problem

Language is a tool of communication, and the basic fundamental function
in communication. There are so many language in this world and every language
has a different characteristic and difficulties. Language also has connection with
four aspects; they are listening, speaking, writing and reading which is very
important for our life. The people cannot ignore language and the people have to
study it. Language, especially English is very essential to be learned especially in
Indonesia.
In studying English as a foreign language in Indonesia, the government of
Indonesia has priority in order to develop and give the chance to all of the
population In Indonesia. So, the students have to mastery the basic skills of
English such as listening, speaking, writing and reading.
Speaking is one of the important skills that students have to learn. through
speaking, the students will have ability to interact with other and can improve
their self confident in english. Because the primary thing that we should get in

learning language especially english is how we can interact and communicate

each other.
In speaking ability, one of the basic skills which students need to learn is
transactional speaking. Interpersonal speaking is speaking ability which has
purpose to communicate each other. It means transactional conversations are
interactions which have an outcome, for example, buying something in a shop,
enrolling in a school. So, it is impossible for students to master speaking skill
without mastering interpersonal speaking.
As we know, our curriculum concerns about transactional speaking that
must be learned by students at tenth grade of Senior High School. Because its
necessity, students must be able to identify and build the interpersonal speaking in
order to make them able to interact each other with very meaning way.
In fact, many students still have low ability in speaking skill especially
about transactional speaking. They face some difficulties to build their idea and
vocabulary in order to make a good sentence, especially in SMA Negeri 7
Padangsidimpuan. It can be seen from the average of their score in learning
speaking which is 65 and it needs improvement. Because the result of speaking
score is at least 70 to indicate they are better in speaking ability.
However, the teacher has done some efforts to improve students ability in
speaking skills such as making variety in teaching method, giving motivation and
maximizing, giving more exercises, making an interest material as possible, but
there is no significant progress in students learning result.
There are many techniques can be applied for developing students ability
in transactional speaking. One of them is Drill method. Drill method is one of the
method which suit in teaching speaking ability. Because drill method is a method
that will improve students ability by doing practice and more practice in order to
make students memorize the skill.

By doing this method, researcher expects students can be active and

increase their ability in learning speaking especially in learning transactional
speaking. Because the researcher believes if this method is applied, it will arise
students interest and motivation in learning proccess.
Based on the case which is explained above, the researcher will conduct a
research entitle The Effect of Drill Method in Teaching Transactional Speaking
at the Tenth Grade Students of SMA Negeri 7Padangsidimpuan.

B. Formulation of the Problem

Base on the background of the problem above, the problems of this
research formulated as follows:
1. To what extend is tenth grade students ability in transactional speaking before
using Drill Method at SMA Negeri 7 Padangsidimpuan?
2. To what extend is tenth grade students ability in transactional speaking after
using Drill Method at SMA Negeri 7 Padangsidimpuan?
3. Whether is any significant effect of using Drill Method in teaching
transactional speaking at the tenth grade students of SMA negeri 7
padangsidimpuan?

C. Review of Literature
1. Theoritical Description
1.1 Interpersonal speaking
Speaking is an ability to express an idea or something in order to
be able interact each other in communication orally. In other hand,
speaking is important for them to practice their capability and their
understanding, how to send idea, and how to spell word well. Brown in
Iskandar (2008:45) stated that speaking is an interactive process of

constructing meaning that involves producing and receiving and

processing information.
Speaking is also known as spoken language. Luoma in Richard
(2008:19) cites some of the following features of spoken discourse:
a. Composed of idea units (conjoined short phrases and clauses)
b. May be planned (e.g., a lecture) or unplanned (e.g., a conversation)
c. Employs more vague or generic words than written language
d. Employs fixed phrases, fillers, and hesitation markers
e. Contains slips and errors reflecting online processing
f. Involves reciprocity (i.e., interactions are jointly constructed)
g. Shows variation (e.g., between formal and casual speech), reflecting
speaker roles, speaking purpose, and the context
According to Pridham (2001:1) Conversation consist of spoken
language. It is different with written language. Because spoken language
or speaking not only focused to the meaning but it is also related to a
social context which determines the purpose of the conversation and
shapes its structure and features.
There are two types of speaking, according to Brown and Yule in
Pridham (2001:25) that any conversation appears to be a chat between
interactants with their different purposes. In one side, transactional
language is used in obtaining goods and services. Interactional language is
used when people relate to each other. The purpose of this conversation,
therefore, appears principally to be interactional language used for
socialising. It means, transactional has purpose to get something done
while interactional has purpose to intimate one to other.
Furthermore, Djuharie (2007:23) stated that transactional speaking
refers to context of speech and involves communicating to get something
done, including the exchange of goods and/or service. it means
transactional speaking is an ability which students need to know in order
to make them get something done.

In curriculum of 2006, students need to learn transactional

speaking in order to know the basic expressions in social interaction for
life purposes. They are about making, approving, and canceling an
appointment, and then accepting and refusing invitation.
So, it concluded that transactional speaking is one of the important
basic which students have to master. By mastering transactional speaking,
students doing conversation have objective to communicate with others in
very meaningful ways. They are supposed to see the context of culture and
the context of situations in order to achieve the intended meanings.
1.2 Drill method
Teaching method is defined as a way which is used by the teacher
or instructor in doing his/her functions as tool for learning achievement.
So, method is needed as a way to teach the material to the students.
Istarani (2012:1) says, a method is used to realize the strategy that
has been set. While, Hamdani (2011:80) stated that a method is a tool to
create learning process. In learning process, the teacher uses the method in
order to make relationship between teacher and student.
Drill method is one of the kind of intructional which the teacher
has the important role in learning process. The teacher as instuctor which
handle and manage what the students should do. As Hamdani (2011:273)
said that drill method is a method which teacher teach students to do
practice in order to make students have skill which higher than the things
which is studied previously.
Similarly, Anitah et all., (2008:4.29) stated that drill method is a
teaching way by giving practice what the students studied in order to get a
skill. So, drill method means a method which students is doing something
continuosly in order to make them get a new skill.

2. Review of Related Findings

There were some related findings to this research about speaking
ability and it is related to transactional speaking. The first Samosir (2013) had
done research about The effect of using question and answer method on
studentss speaking ability (a study at the VIII grade students of SMP Negeri
9 Padangsidimpuan) which has conclusion: the result of using question and
answer method is categorized Good. By using statistic analysis, the
researcher got the score of ttest =17,14 and its compared with the score of t tabel =
2,05. The researcher concludes that the score of t tes is greater that the score of
ttabel (17,14>2,05). It means there is a significant effect of using question and
answer method on studentss speaking ability.
The second Lubis (2015) had done her research about The effect of
Role Play method on students in speaking ability (a study at the seventh grade
students of MTs. Al-Mandily Panyabungan 2014/2015 academic year). It can
be found, the average score of using role play method on students in speaking
ability was 51,32 and it categorized poor. It could be gotten that t count =49,80
and ttable= 2,03 in significant error level 5 %, significant confidence level 95%,
df = N-1 = 63-1= 62. It could be seen that t count was greater than ttable
(49,80>2,03. It means the alternative hypothesis was accepted. In other words,
there was a significant effect of role play method on students in speaking
ability.
3. Conceptual Framework
Transactional Speaking is one of the important thing which students
have to know. It is a basic skill to communicate each other. By mastering
transactional speaking, students will know the basic expressions in social

interaction for

life purposes. They are about making, approving, and

canceling an appointment, and then accepting and refusing invitation.

There are many methods to teach speaking, but in this case the method
that is used namely Drill Method. Drill method is a method which teacher use
to make students have new ability by repeating skill. This teaching method is
suitable in teaching speaking because Drill Method is a method that focused
on repeating skill again and again in order to make students understand and
memorize the skill. So, the researcher assumes that there is any significant
effect of using Drill Method in teaching transactional speaking at the tenth
grade students of SMA Negeri 7 Padangsidimpuan.
4. Hypothesis
Hypothesis is a way to determine a result of the research will be
accepted or rejected. According to Mackey et al.,(2005:100), A hypothesis is
a type of prediction found in many experimental studies; it is a statement
about what we expect to happen in a study. While Arikunto (2010:110) said
that hypothesis is one of the important things in research, it is answered and
problem tentatively which is accepted or rejected through data.
Nazir (2011:152) says, The good hypothesis has characteristic such
as: a) the hypothesis must states correlation, b) the hypothesis must be suitable
with the fact, c) hypothesis must relates with knowledge, and relates to the
growing of knowledge, d) hypothesis must be able to be tested, e) Hypotesis
must be simple, f) hypothesis must be able to explain the fact.
Based on the explanations above, the researcher formulates the
hypothesis as Drill method has significantly effect in teaching transactional
speaking at the tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 7 Padangsidimpuan.
D. Methodology of the Research
1. Place and Time of the Research

This research will be done at SMA Negeri 7 Padangsidimpuan. It is

located at Ujung Gurap, Padangsidimpuan. The subject of this research is
tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 7 Padangsidimpuan. The researcher
chooses this school because this school provides the data which is needed in
the research. The time of this research is started on May until July 2012 at
SMA Negeri 7 Padangsidimpuan. So, this research will be done for two
months.
2. Method of the Research
This research is conducted by using an experimental research.
According to Sugiyono (2013:107) said that experimental method is a method
that is used to find the effect of treatment in control conditions. While Nazir
(2011:63) stated that experimental research is a research which is done by
doing manipulation toward research object and also has control on it.
From the above quotation, the research concludes that the experimental
research is a kind of research which has the aim to know causals effect
relationship between one variable and more to other variable. The
experimental research controls the selection of participant for the study and
divides the selection participants into more group having similar
characteristics. The design is pre-test and post test design which is applied in
order to investigate the effect of Drill method in teaching transactional
speaking of tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 7 Padangsidimpuan.
3. Population and Sample
3.1 Population
There many perception about population that published by the
experts. First, Arikunto (2010:73) said that a population is a set (or

collection) of all elements processing one or more attributes of interest.

The second is Nazir (2011:63) said that population is a group which has
quality and particular characteristic. The third is Sugiyono (2013:80)
stated that population is generalization area that consist of objects or
subject who has specific quality and characteristics that chosen by the
researchers to be studied and then to be concluded.
From the explanations above, the researcher concludes that
population is generalization area that has characteristic and quality who
want to be studied and want to be concluded by the researcher. In this
research, the researcher chooses all of students who study in tenth grade of
SMA Negeri 7 Padangsidimpuan as population which amounts to 102
students. More details can be noted as below:
Table 1
The Population of the Tenth Grade Students of SMA Negeri 7
Padangsidimpuan in 2015/2016 Academic Year
No.
1.

Class
X 1

Male
11

Female
11

Total
22

2.

X-2

10

10

20

3.

X-3

11

20

4.

X4

11

11

22

5.

X5
TOTAL

7
48

11
54

18
102

3.2 Sample
Sample is an element of the population to get the data. Arikunto
(2010:174) said that sample is a part presenting of population. Similarly, Nazir
(2011:271) said that sample is part of population.
Furthermore, Arikunto (2010:177) says, There are some kinds of
sampling technique, a) random sampling which is used if the population
are homogenous, b) cluster sampling which is used if the population are in

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group, c) stratified sampling which is used if the population are in subject

groups that there is stratification, d) porpuse sampling which is used if the
researcher has a determinein sample taking, e) area sampling, f) double
sampling, propotional sampling.
In this research, the researcher decides to take one class as sample.
The sample is the experimental class by using pre-test and post-test. Then,
sample is taken by using cluster sampling technique. Sugiyono (2013:83)
stated that cluster sampling is used when the population is big enough so it
needs to be classified into classer or groups.
Based on the explanation above, the researcher gets one class as
the sample randomly. It is X-1. The total number is 38 students from the
population. It can be seen in this following table:
Table 3:
The Experiment class
X IPA 3
Female
15

Male
19

Total
34

4. Technique of Collecting Data

In conducting a research, researcher needs to collect data in order to
get the result in this research. According to Nazir (2011:174) Pengumpulan
data adalah procedur yang sistematis dan standar untuk memperoleh data yang
diperlukan. It means collecting data is a procedure which is systematic and
standard to get data which is needed.
The data of this research will be collected by using instrument. The
instrument is a test which is in the form multiple choice. The test will be

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applied to the experimental by doing pre-test and post-test.. Then the result of
the test will be used as the data of this research. The indicator of the test:
a. Able to comprehend and make an appointment.
b. Able to response an appointment.
c. Able to comprehend and make an invitation.
d. Able to response an invitation.
5. Technique of Analysis Data
After the instrument is applied, the researcher will identify their score
individually and then classified the score into criteria score as follow:
Table 3
The Criteria of Score
The Symbols of Score
Predicate
Score
Mark
8 10 = 80 100 = 3.1 4
A
Very Good
7 7.9 = 70 79 = 2.1 3
B
Good
6 6.9 = 70 79 = 1.1 2
C
Enough
5 5.9 = 70 79 =
1
D
Low
0 4.9 =
0 49 =
0
E
Fail
In analizing the result of the test, the researcher use t-test and the
formula can seen as follow (Suharsimi 2010:354)
M X MY
t=
x 2 + Y 2 1 + 1
N X + N Y 2 N X N Y
Where:
t
= Test
Mx = The mean of experimental group
My
= The mean of control group
X2
= The variable of experimental group
Y2
= The variable of control group
NX
= The number of experimental group
Ny
= The number of control group

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