REPUBLIC ACT No.

6235
AN ACT PROHIBITING CERTAIN ACTS INIMICAL TO CIVIL AVIATION,
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
Section 1. It shall be unlawful for any person to compel a change in the
course or destination of an aircraft of Philippine registry, or to seize or usurp
the control thereof, while it is in flight. An aircraft is in flight from the moment
all its external doors are closed following embarkation until any of such doors
is opened for disembarkation.
It shall likewise be unlawful for any person to compel an aircraft of foreign
registry to land in Philippine territory or to seize or usurp the control thereof
while it is within the said territory.
Section 2. Any person violating any provision of the foregoing section shall
be punished by an imprisonment of not less than twelve years but not more
than twenty years, or by a fine of not less than twenty thousand pesos but not
more than forty thousand pesos.
The penalty of imprisonment of fifteen years to death, or a fine of not less
than twenty-five thousand pesos but not more than fifty thousand pesos shall
be imposed upon any person committing such violation under any of the
following circumstances:
1. Whenever he has fired upon the pilot, member of the crew or passenger of
the aircraft;
2. Whenever he has exploded or attempted to explode any bomb or explosive
to destroy the aircraft; or
3. Whenever the crime is accompanied by murder, homicide, serious physical
injuries or rape.
Section 3. It shall be unlawful for any person, natural or juridical, to ship, load
or carry in any passenger aircraft operating as a public utility within the
Philippines, and explosive, flammable, corrosive or poisonous substance or
material.
Section 4. The shipping, loading or carrying of any substance or material
mentioned in the preceding section in any cargo aircraft operating as a public
utility within the Philippines shall be in accordance with regulations issued by
the Civil Aeronautics Administration.
Section 5. As used in this Act
(1) "Explosive" shall mean any substance, either solid or liquid, mixture or
single compound, which by chemical reaction liberates heat and gas at high
speed and causes tremendous pressure resulting in explosion. The term shall
include but not limited to dynamites, firecrackers, blasting caps, black
powders, bursters, percussions, cartridges and other explosive materials,
except bullets for firearm.
(2) "Flammable" is any substance or material that is highly combustible and
self-igniting by chemical reaction and shall include but not limited to acrolein,
allene, aluminum dyethyl monochloride, and other aluminum compounds,
ammonium chlorate and other ammonium mixtures and other similar
substances or materials.

(3) "Corrosive" is any substance or material, either liquid, solid or gaseous,

which through chemical reaction wears away, impairs or consumes any
object. It shall include but not limited to alkaline battery fluid packed with
empty storage battery, allyl chloroformate, allytrichlorosilane, ammonium
dinitro-orthocresolate and other similar materials and substances.
(4) "Poisonous" is any substance or materials, except medicinal drug, either
liquid, solid or gaseous, which through chemical reactions kills, injuries or
impairs a living organism or person, and shall include but not limited to allyl
isothiocyanate, ammunition (chemical, non-explosive but containing Class A,
B or poison), aniline oil, arsine, bromobenzyle cyanide, bromoacetone and
other similar substances or materials.
Section 6. Any violation of Section three hereof shall be punishable by an
imprisonment of at least five years but not more than ten years or by a fine of
not less than ten thousand pesos but not more than twenty thousand pesos:
Provided, That if the violation is committed by a juridical person, the penalty
shall be imposed upon the manager, representative, director, agent or
employee who violated, or caused, directed, cooperated or participated in the
violation thereof: Provided, further, That in case the violation is committed in
the interest of a foreign corporation legally doing business in the Philippines,
the penalty shall be imposed upon its resident agent, manager, representative
or director responsible for such violation and in addition thereto, the license of
said corporation to do business in the Philippines shall be revoked.
Any violation of Section four hereof shall be an offense punishable with the
minimum of the penalty provided in the next preceding paragraph.
Section 7. For any death or injury to persons or damage to property resulting
from a violation of Sections three and four hereof, the person responsible
therefor may be held liable in accordance with the applicable provisions of the
Revised Penal Code.
Section 8. Aircraft companies which operate as public utilities or operators of
aircraft which are for hire are authorized to open and investigate suspicious
packages and cargoes in the presence of the owner or shipper, or his
authorized representatives if present; in order to help the authorities in the
enforcement of the provisions of this Act: Provided, That if the owner, shipper
or his representative refuses to have the same opened and inspected, the
airline or air carrier is authorized to refuse the loading thereof.
Section 9. Every ticket issued to a passenger by the airline or air carrier
concerned shall contain among others the following condition printed thereon:
"Holder hereof and his hand-carried luggage(s) are subject to search for, and
seizure of, prohibited materials or substances. Holder refusing to be searched
shall not be allowed to board the aircraft," which shall constitute a part of the
contract between the passenger and the air carrier.
Section 10. The Civil Aeronautics Administration is hereby directed to
promulgate within one month after the approval of this Act such regulations as
are provided in Section four hereof and cause the publication of such rules
and regulations in the Official Gazette and in a newspaper of national

circulation for at least once a week for three consecutive weeks. Such
regulations shall take effect fifteen days after publication in the Official
Gazette.
Section 11. This Act shall take effect after the publication mentioned in the
preceding section.
Approved: June 19, 1971
RA 10168

SEC. 4. Financing of Terrorism. Any person who, directly or indirectly,

willfully and without lawful excuse, possesses, provides, collects or uses
property or funds or makes available property, funds or financial service or
other related services, by any means, with the unlawful and willful
intention that they should be used or with the knowledge that they are to be
used, in full or in part: (a) to carry out or facilitate the commission of any
terrorist act; (b) by a terrorist organization, association or group; or (c) by
an individual terrorist, shall be guilty of the crime of financing of terrorism
and shall suffer the penalty of reclusion temporal in its maximum period to
reclusion perpetua and a fine of not less than Five hundred thousand pesos
(Php500,000.00) nor more than One million pesos (Php1,000,000.00).
Any person who organizes or directs others to commit financing of
terrorism under the immediately preceding paragraph shall likewise be
guilty of an offense and shall suffer the same penalty as herein prescribed.
For purposes of this Act, knowledge or intent may be established by direct
evidence or inferred from the attendant circumstances.
For an act to constitute a crime under this Act, it shall not be necessary that
the funds were actually used to carry out a crime referred to in Section
3(j).
SEC. 5. Attempt or Conspiracy to Commit the Crimes of Financing of
Terrorism and Dealing with Property or Funds of Designated Persons.
Any attempt to commit any crime under Section 4 or Section 8 under this
Act shall be penalized by a penalty two degrees lower than that prescribed
for the commission of the same as provided under this Act.
Any conspiracy to commit any crime under Section 4 or Section 8 of this
Act shall be penalized by the same penalty prescribed for the commission
of such crime under the said sections.
There is conspiracy to commit the offenses punishable under Sections 4
and 8 of this Act when two (2) or more persons come to an agreement
concerning the commission of such offenses and decided to commit it.

SEC. 6. Accomplice. Any person who, not being a principal under Article
17 of the Revised Penal Code or a conspirator as defined in Section 5
hereof, cooperates in the execution of either the crime of financing of
terrorism or conspiracy to commit the crime of financing of terrorism by
previous or simultaneous acts shall suffer the penalty one degree lower
than that prescribed for the conspirator.
SEC. 7. Accessory. Any person who, having knowledge of the
commission of the crime of financing of terrorism but without having
participated therein as a principal, takes part subsequent to its commission,
by profiting from it or by assisting the principal or principals to profit by
the effects of the crime, or by concealing or destroying the effects of the
crime in order to prevent its discovery, or by harboring, concealing or
assisting in the escape of a principal of the crime shall be guilty as an
accessory to the crime of financing of terrorism and shall be imposed a
penalty two degrees lower than that prescribed for principals in the crime
of financing terrorism.
RA 9851
CHAPTER III
CRIMES AGAINST INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW,
GENOCIDE AND OTHER CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY
Section 4. War Crimes. - For the purpose of this Act, "war crimes" or "crimes
against Interntional Human Humanitarian Law" means:
(a) In case of an international armed conflict , grave breaches of the Geneva
Conventions of 12 August 1949, namely, any of the following acts against
persons or property protected under provisions of the relevant Geneva
Convention:
(1) Willful killing;
(2) Torture or inhuman treatment, including biological experiments;
(3) Willfully causing great suffering, or serious injury to body or health;
(4) Extensive destruction and appropriation of property not justified by military
necessity and carried out unlawfully and wantonly;
(5) Willfully depriving a prisoner of war or other protected person of the rights
of fair and regular trial;
(6) Arbitrary deportation or forcible transfer of population or unlawful
confinement;
(7) Taking of hostages;
(8) Compelling a prisoner a prisoner of war or other protected person to serve
in the forces of a hostile power; and

(9) Unjustifiable delay in the repatriation of prisoners of war or other protected

persons.
(b) In case of a non-international armed conflict, serious violations of common
Article 3 to the four (4) Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, namely , any
of the following acts committed against persons taking no active part in the
hostilities, including member of the armed forces who have laid down their
arms and those placed hors de combat by sickness, wounds, detention or
any other cause;
(1) Violence to life and person, in particular, willful killings, mutilation, cruel
treatment and torture;
(2) Committing outrages upon personal dignity, in particular, humiliating and
degrading treatment;
(3) Taking of hostages; and
(4) The passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions without
previous judgment pronounced by a regularly constituted court, affording all
judicial guarantees which are generally recognized as indispensable.
(c) Other serious violations of the laws and customs applicable in armed
conflict, within the established framework of international law, namely:
(1) Internationally directing attacks against the civilian population as such or
against individual civilians not taking direct part in hostilities;
(2) Intentionally directing attacks against civilian objects, that is, object which
are not military objectives;
(3) Intentionally directing attacks against buildings, material, medical units
and transport, and personnel using the distinctive emblems of the Geneva
Conventions or Additional Protocol III in conformity with intentional law;
(4) Intentionally directing attacks against personnel, installations, material,
units or vehicles involved in a humanitarian assistance or peacekeeping
mission in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, as ling as they
are entitled to the protection given to civilians or civilian objects under the
international law of armed conflict;
(5) Launching an attack in the knowledge that such attack will cause
incidental loss of life or injury to civilians or damage to civilian objects or
widespread, long-term and severe damage to the natural environment which
would be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage
anticipated;
(6) Launching an attack against works or installations containing dangerous
forces in the knowledge that such attack will cause excessive loss of life,
injury to civilians or damage to civilian objects, and causing death or serious
injury to body or health .
(7) Attacking or bombarding, by whatever means, towns, villages, dwellings or
buildings which are undefended and which are not military objectives, or
making non-defended localities or demilitarized zones the object of attack;
(8) Killing or wounding a person in the knowledge that he/she is hors de
combat, including a combatant who, having laid down his/her arms or no
longer having means of defense, has surrendered at discretion;

(9) Making improper use of a flag of truce, of the flag or the military insignia
and uniform of the enemy or of the United Nations, as well as of the
distinctive emblems of the Geneva Conventions or other protective signs
under International Humanitarian Law, resulting in death, serious personal
injury or capture;
(10) Intentionally directing attacks against buildings dedicated to religion,
education, art, science or charitable purposes, historic monuments, hospitals
and places where the sick and wounded are collected, provided they are not
military objectives. In case of doubt whether such building or place has been
used to make an effective contribution to military action, it shall be presumed
not to be so used;
(11) Subjecting persons who are in the power of an adverse party to physical
mutilation or to medical or scientific experiments of any kind, or to removal of
tissue or organs for transplantation, which are neither justified by the medical,
dental or hospital treatment of the person concerned nor carried out in his/her
interest, and which cause death to or seriously endanger the health of such
person or persons;
(12) Killing, wounding or capturing an adversary by resort to perfidy;
(13) Declaring that no quarter will be given;
(14) Destroying or seizing the enemy's property unless such destruction or
seizure is imperatively demanded by the necessities of war;
(15) Pillaging a town or place, even when taken by assault;
(16) Ordering the displacements of the civilian population for reasons related
to the conflict, unless the security of the civilians involved or imperative
military reasons so demand;
(17) Transferring, directly or indirectly, by the occupying power of parts of its
own civilian population into the territory it occupies, or the deportation or
transfer of all or parts of the population of the occupied territory within or
outside this territory;
(18) Commiting outrages upon personal dignity, in particular, humiliating and
degrading treatments;
(19) Commiting rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy,
enforced sterilization, or any other form of sexual violence also constituting a
grave breach of the Geneva Conventions or a serious violation of common
Article 3 to the Geneva Convensions;
(20) Utilizing the presence of a civilian or other protected person to render
certain points, areas or military forces immune from military operations;
(21) Intentionally using starvation of civilians as a method of warfare by
depriving them of objects indespensable to their survival, including willfully
impeding relief supplies as provided for under the Geneva Conventions and
their Additional Protocols;
(22) In an international armed conflict, compelling the nationals of the hostile
party to take part in the operations of war directed against their own country,
even if they were in the belligerent's service before the commencement of the
war;

(23) In an international armed conflict, declaring abolished, suspended or

inadmissible in a court of law the rights and actions of the nationals of the
hostile party;
(24) Commiting any of the following acts:
(i) Conscripting, enlisting or recruiting children under the age of fifteen (15)
years into the national armed forces;
(ii) Conscripting, enlisting or recruiting children under the age of eighteen (18)
years into an armed force or group other than the national armed forces; and
(iii) Using children under the age of eighteen (18) years to participate actively
in hostilities; and
(25) Employing means of warfare which are prohibited under international
law, such as:
(i) Poison or poisoned weapons;
(ii) Asphyxiating, poisonous or other gases, and all analogous liquids,
materials or devices;
(iii) Bullets which expand or flatten easily in the human body, such as bullets
with hard envelopes which do not entirely cover the core or are pierced with
incisions; and
(iv) Weapons, projectiles and material and methods of warfare which are of
the nature to cause superfluous injury or unecessary suffering or which are
inherently indiscriminate in violation of the international law of armed conflict.
Any person found guilty of commiting any of the acts specified herein shall
suffer the penalty provided under Section 7 of this Act.
Section 5. Genocide - (a) For the purpose of this Act, "genocide" means any
of the following acts with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national,
ethnic, racial, religious, social or any other similar stable and permanent
group as such:
(1) Killing members of the group;
(2) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;
(3) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring
about its physical destruction in whole or in part;
(4) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; and
(5) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.
(b) It shall be unlawful for any person to directly and publicly incite others to
commit genocide.
Any person found guilty of committing any of the acts specified in paragraphs
(a) and (b) of this section shall suffer the penalty provided under Section 7 of
this Act.
Section 6. Other Crimes Against Humanity. - For the purpose of this act,
"other crimes against humanity" means any of the following acts when
committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any
civilian population, with knowledge of the attack:
(a) Willful killing;
(b) Extermination;
(c) Enslavement;

(d) Arbitrary deportation or forcible transfer of population;

(e) Imprisonment or other severe deprivation of physical liberty in violation of
fundamental rules of international law;
(f) Torture;
(g) Rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced
sterilization, or any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity;
(h) Persecution against any identifiable group or collectivity on political, racial,
national, ethnic, cultural, religious, gender, sexual orientation or other grounds
that are universally recognized as impermissible under international law, in
connection with any act referred to in this paragraph or any crime defined in
this Act;
(i) Enforced or involuntary disappearance of persons;
(j) Apartheid; and
(k) Other inhumane acts of a similar character intentionally causing great
suffering, or serious injury to body or to mental or physical health.
Any person found guilty of committing any of the acts specified herein shall
suffer the penalty provided under Section 7 of this Act.
LAUREL V. MISA
FACTS:
A petition for habeas corpus was filed by Anastacio Laurel. He claims that a
Filipino citizen who adhered to the enemy giving the latter aid and comfort
during the Japanese occupation cannot be prosecuted for the crime of treason for
the reasons that the sovereignty of the legitimate government in the Philippines
and consequently the correlative allegiance of Filipino citizen thereto were then
suspended; and that there was a change of sovereignty over these Islands upon
the proclamation of the Philippine Republic.
ISSUE: WHETHER THE ABSOLUTE ALLEGIANCE OF A FILIPINO CITIZEN TO THE
GOVERNMENT BECOMES SUSPENDED DURING OCCUPATION
HELD:
No. The absolute and permanent allegiance of the inhabitants of a territory
occupied by the enemy of their legitimate government or sovereign is not
abrogated or severed by the enemy occupation because the sovereignty of the
government or sovereign de jure is not transferred thereby to the occupier. It
remains vested in the legitimate government.
What may be suspended is the exercise of the rights of sovereignty with the
control and government of the territory occupied by the enemy passes
temporarily to the occupant. The political laws which prescribe the reciprocal
rights, duties and obligation of government and citizens, are suspended in
abeyance during military occupation.

DISSENT:
During the long period of Japanese occupation, all the political laws of the
Philippines were suspended. This is full harmony with the generally accepted
principles of the international law adopted by our Constitution [ Art. II, Sec. 3 ] as
part of law of the nation.
The inhabitants of the occupied territory should necessarily be bound to the sole
authority of the invading power whose interest and requirements are naturally in
conflict with those of displaced government, if it is legitimate for the military
occupant to demand and enforce from the inhabit ants such obedience as may be
necessary for the security of his forces, for the maintenance of the law and order,
and for the proper administration of the country.
PEOPLE V. PEREZ
FACTS:
-Susano Perez alias Kid Perez was convicted of treason and was sentenced to
death by electrocution.
-TC found the accused, together with the other Filipinos, recruited, apprehended
and commandeered numerous girls and women against their will for the purpose
of using them, to satisfy the sexual desire of the Japanese officers.
-The Solicitor General submitted an opposite view stating that the deeds
committed by the accused do not constitute treason. It further discussed that if
furnishing women for immoral purposes to the enemies was treason because
womens company kept up their morale, so fraternizing them, entertaining them
at parties, selling them food and drinks, and kindred acts, would be treason . Any
act of hospitality produces the same result.
ISSUE: Whether the acts of the accused constituted the crime of treason.
HELD: NO. The law of treason does not prescribe all kinds of social, business and
political intercourse between the belligerent occupants of the invaded country
and its inhabitants. What aid and comfort constitute treason must depend upon
their nature degree and purpose.
As a general rule, to be treasonous, the extent of the aid and comfort given to
the enemies must be to render assistance to them as enemies and not merely as
individuals and in addition, be directly in furtherance of the enemies hostile
designs.
His commandeering of women to satisfy the lust of Japanese officers or men or
to enliven the entertainment helped to make life more pleasant for the enemies
and boost their spirit.

Sexual and social relations with the Japanese did not directly and materially tend
to improve their war efforts or to weaken the power of US. Whatever favorable
effect the defendants collaboration with the Japanese might have in their
prosecution of the war was trivial, imperceptible, and unintentional. Intent of
disloyalty is a vital ingredient in the crime of treason, which, in the absence of
admission, may be gathered from the nature and circumstance of each particular
case.
But the accused may be punished for the rape as principal by direct participation.
Without his coordination in the manner above stated, these rapes could not have
been committed.
PEOPLE V. PRIETO
FACTS:
-The appellant was prosecuted for treason.
-Two witnesses gave evidence but their statements do not coincide in any single
detail. The first witness testified that the accused with other Filipino undercovers
and Japanese soldiers caught an American aviator and had the witness carry the
American to town on a sled pulled by a carabao. That on the way, the accused
walked behind the sled and asked the prisoner if the sled was faster than the
airplane; that the American was taken to the Kempetai headquarters, after which
he did not know what happened to the flier.
-The next witness, testified that he saw the accused following an American and
the accused were Japanese and other Filipinos.
-The lower court believes that the accused is guilty beyond reasonable doubt of
the crime of treason complexed by murder and physical injuries, with the
aggravating circumstances mentioned above. Apparently, the court has regarded
the murders and physical injuries charged in the information, not only as crimes
distinct from treason but also as modifying circumstances. The Solicitor General
agrees with the decision except as to the technical designation of the crime. In
his opinion, the offense committed by the appellant is a complex crime of
treason with homicide.
-Accused being a member of the Japanese Military Police and acting as
undercover man for the Japanese forces with the purpose of giving and with the
intent to give aid and comfort feloniously and treasonably lad, guide and
accompany a patrol of Japanese soldiers and Filipino undercovers for the purpose
of apprehending guerillas and locating their hideouts.
ISSUES;

[if !supportLists]1. [endif]Whether the two-witness rule was sufficiently

complied.
[if !supportLists]2. [endif]Whether the TC erred in ruling that the murders and
physical injuries were crimes distinct from treason.
HELD:
[if !supportLists]1. [endif]NO, it was not sufficiently complied. The witnesses
evidently referred to two different occasions. The two witnesses failed to
corroborate each other not only on the whole overt act but on any part of it.
[if !supportLists]2. [endif]The execution of some of the guerilla suspects
mentioned and the infliction of physical injuries on others are not offenses
separate from treason. There must concur both adherence to the enemy and
giving him aid and comfort. One without the other does not make treason.
In the nature of things, the giving aid and comfort can only be accomplished by
some kind of action. Its very nature partakes of a deed or physical activity as
opposed to a mental operation. This deed or physical activity may be, and often
is, in itself a criminal offense under another penal statute or provision. Even so,
when the deed is charged as an element of treason it becomes identified with the
latter crime and cannot be the subject of a separate punishment.
However, the brutality with the killing or physical injuries were carried out may
be taken as an aggravating circumstances. Thus, the use of torture and other
atrocities on the victims instead of the usual and less painful method of execution
will be taken into account to increase the penalty.
US vs. Bautista
Facts: In 1903 a junta was organized and a conspiracy entered into by a number of
Filipinos in Hongkong, for the purpose of overthrowing the government of the United
States in the Philippine Islands by force of arms and establishing a new government.
Francisco Bautista (1), a close friend of the chief of military forces (of the conspirators)
took part of several meetings. Tomas Puzon (2) held several conferences whereat plans
are made for the coming insurrection; he was appointed Brigadier-General of the Signal
Corps of the revolutionary forces. Aniceto de Guzman (3) accepted some bonds from one
of the conspirators.
The lower court convicted the three men of conspiracy. Bautista was sentenced to 4 years
imprisonment and a P3,000 fine; Puzon and De Guzman to 3 years imprisonment and
P1,000.
Issue: WON the accused are guilty of conspiracy.
Held: Judgment for Bautista and Puzon CONFIRMED. Judgment for de Guzman
REVERSED. Yes, Bautista and Puzon are guilty of conspiracy. Bautista was fully aware of
the purposes of the meetings he participated in, and even gave an assurance to the chief
of military forces that he is making the necessary preparations. Puzon voluntarily accepted
his appointment and in doing so assumed all the obligations implied by such acceptance.
This may be considered as an evidence of the criminal connection of the accused with the
conspiracy.

However, de Guzman is not guilty of conspiracy. He might have been helping the
conspirators by accepting bonds in the bundles, but he has not been aware of the contents
nor does he was, in any occasion, assumed any obligation with respect to those bonds.
Note: see RPC Art. 136: Crimes against public order: conspiracy and proposal to commit
coup d etat, rebellion or insurrection.
People vs Lol-lo

FACTS:
2 boats of Dutch possession left matuta. In 1 of the boats was 1
individual, a Dutch subject, and in the other boat 11 men, women, and
children, subjects of Holland. The 2nd boat arrived between the Islands of
Buang and Bukid in the Dutch East Indies. There the boat was surrounded by
6 vintas manned by 24 Moros all armed. The Moros first asked for food, but
once on the Dutch boat, too for themselves all of the cargo, attacked some of
the men, and brutally violated 2 of the women. All of the persons on the Dutch
boat, except the 2 young women, were again placed on it and holes were
made in it, the idea that it would submerge. The Moros finally arrived at
Maruro, a Dutch possession. 2 of the Moro marauder were Lol-lo, who also
raped one of the women, and Saraw. At Maruro the 2 women were able to
escape.
Lol-lo and Saraw later returned to their home in South Ubian, Tawi-Tawi,
Sulu, Philippine Islands. There they were arrested and were charged in the
Court of First Instance of Sulu with the crime of piracy
All of the elements of the crime of piracy are present. Piracy is robbery or
forcible depredation on the high seas, without lawful authority and done
animo furandi, and in the spirit and intention of universal hostility.
Pirates are in law hostes humani generis.
Piracy is a crime not against any particular state but against all mankind. It
may be punished in the competent tribunal of any country where the offender
may be found or into which he may be carried. The jurisdiction of piracy
unlike all other crimes has no territorial limits.
As it is against all so may it be punished by all. Nor does it matter that the
crime was committed within the jurisdictional 3-mile limit of a foreign state,
"for those limits, though neutral to war, are not neutral to crimes."
ISSUE: W/N the provisions of the Penal Code dealing with the crime of piracy
are still in force.
HELD: In accordance with provisions of Act No. 2726, the defendant and
appellant Lol-lo, who is found guilty of the crime of piracy and is sentenced
therefor to be hung until dead.
YES.
! Penal code dealing with the crime of piracy, notably articles 153 and
154, to be still in force in the Philippines.

! The crime of piracy was accompanied by (1) an offense against chastity

and (2) the abandonment of persons without apparent means of saving
themselves. It is, therefore, only necessary for us to determine as to whether
the penalty of cadena perpetua or death should be imposed.
! At least 3 aggravating circumstances, that the wrong done in the
commission of the crime was deliberately augmented by causing other
wrongs not necessary for its commission, that advantage was taken of
superior strength, and that means were employed which added ignominy to
the natural effects of the act, must also be taken into consideration in fixing
the penalty.