Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
! !#"
$
&('*),+-/.103254768+9';:3)=<
68>@?9.
%!AB*CEDGFIHKJML@JMNOQPR SUTWVPSUNYXFINZJ[CEDGNZPUFITWO\J
]^_8`^badcfeIgMhji,kY^mln_8`!kYopiMq@iM^res tUcphetU^akY^Yi_8`^beIkYcKrui[eYivUwx_8qyeIi[eYcptqgMruhjizZ{(kY^Yi[|Yhui}auaucp`^
eIi~w!w@t@iMrkY^i,crjinajadieYi 3 m.s AZ t!_EtU^rkYi_Mi8r=tUcphnz{#opt@rjiMq@|ZlMhEtGrukhui,eIi 20 C z|ZiMkIr
ruhjiQ_8`^badcfeIlMhjlQ_8`q@q@iQ|tUhutUcKrnzU_ntUof_8kYopiMhopi;eIlMcrq(tajadcfkYi A ]^@eI`!^Y^YiQoptq(tajauiq@`oftUcphji/eIiQos tcKh*
A q@`o A
M = 29
v ATMFITPJ@PJnTWOJ8XjXMJNZDUNFINT 8DUVL@J@PSUNYXFINZJ[CEDGNZPUFITWO\J
^(opcpkYcfeIieYiq(tajadi*!`opkYq@cpkYi zans l}_8`!kYoKieYtU^akY^Yi_M`^eYkYcrji_Mopcp^eIhjcpkYies tUi=]z!t !in_QkY^i
eIcpadruhjcpYkIrucp`^ruhEtU^bad!iMhEautoKieIinaQcKruinajauina*eIioft[`hjqi@
1
air
v = v0 (1 r2 /r02 )
uz
~ AB*CEDGFIHKJML@JMNOQ8TPUTWL@JMNYXTDUNNZJMH
i_EtUq@|eIicrjinajadies kY^ln_M`kYopiMq@in^!r;tos l}!kbtGrucp`^aukYcKGt^!rji(
v = A(x
u x y
u y)
t in_ A = 1 s A
t! s ln_M`kYopiMq@in^!r*i}arucpoadrjtGrjcK`!^Y^tcKhji
b i=bkYcpeYiinadrd\cKocp^_8`!q@|Yhui}auaucpYoKi
_n9`!^!rjhuinh*!kioKi}aQoKc ^Yi}a*eIi,_8`!kYhEtU^rQau`^r;eIi}a*|ZiMhjZ`opinaQkYios `^9hjiM|YhjlnauiM^ruinhjt A
e]^(_8`!^adcfeIgnhuiQkY^Yi*|btUhurucf_8kYopi;eIiQkYcfeIi;aucrjkYlMi*in^ x = 1 i8r y = 1 {=os cK^barEtU^r t = 0 AU `^Y^iMh
os l}!kbtGrucp`^eIioft[ruhEtGin_8ru`!cKhjieYi,_8i8rurui|thdrjcp_MkYopi Ab `q@|thuinh*t in_oft[opc ^YieIi,_M`kYhEtU^r A
i} tUof_8koKinh*optcrjinajadieIi,_Mi8rurui|thdrjcp_MkYoKieIikcpeIiin^9`^_8rucp`^eIkruiMq@| a AZ `!^_8opkaucK`!^
1
j
ZunIE ju} n \ nM
j un
! !#"
$
&('*),+-/. 2(+9):368>@?. 9.
?69.
Fil de torsion
Fluide visqueux
!
%#"
$%&MVTJ8N
v = ( + )
u
v ASUNZCEJ0/#TWNZCEJ8N PGTJ12
`^aucpeYlMhj`^akY^YioftU^_Mi{[cp^_MiM^eIcpi,_8`!^Ycf!ki=eY`^r;os tU^ opitkau`q@q@i8r*i}ar*rjhug}a/tUcpYoKi AY t(auin_8rucp`^
es in^ruhjlMi;|Z`!ajadg}eIi;kY^9eIcftUq@g8rjhui = 15cm iMr/_MiMopoKieIi au`hurucpi;kY^xeYcptqgMruhji = 5cm AI t,opt^_8i{
kY^Yi*op`^ kYiMkYh L = 1m A ]^(_8`!^adcfeIgnhui/os ln_M`kYopiMq@in^!r k^YcpeYcKq@iM^badcp`^Y^iMoes kY^@kcpeIi*cp^_M`q@|YhjinajadcpYopi
i8r*|tUhutUcKr
v = v(x, t)
u
tcrjinajadies iM^ruhjlMi=GtUkYr
1
t
v(0, t) = v (1 exp( ))
` v = 5m.s iMr = 1s A
3+4Z
= 1kg.L intUkZ
t! i=bkYcpeYil8rjt^rQcp^_M`q@|YhjinajadcpYopizIi8I|YhjcpqinhQoptcrjinajadi
v(x, t)
j
ZunIE ju} n \ nM
j un
! !#"
$
1
0
! v 9
"
SGNZCEJ /(TWN
jC JMNZPUTJ
b+*I|YhjcKq@inh*opt@cKruinajaui=eYi=au`hurucpi=i8r;hjiM|YhjlnauiM^rjiMh*ad`!^ hjt|YYi A
_n tUof_8koKinh*oKieIlnYcrad`!hdrEtU^r/op`hEaj!ki t A
e+*I|YhjcKq@inh*os t_n_8lMoplMhEtGrjcK`!^ a (x, t) A
i}+* ^eIl}eIkYcphuios ln`!oKkIrjcK`!^9eYioft|Yhjinajadcp`^eYtU^baQoptoftU^_Miop`hEaj!ki
j inoKiniMh*k^Yi_8`^rjhjt!eIcp_8rucp`^eYtU^baQoKi=q@`IeIgMopi A
t
j
ZunIE ju} n \ nM
j un
! !#"
$
&('*),+-/. 2 &[<
)<
68>@?. 9.
?69.
%!A
#
QJ !TDGN
`hEaj!kioft|Yhui}auaucp`^eYios tUcph;tUk q@iM^rui!zI^Y`Urjhui=|Z`cfeYa*tU|Y|btUhjiM^rQtk q@in^!rji=`keIcpqcp^kYi8rd\cpo}
v AXMCMTWHWHKSGOTDGNX[PSUNYXFINOFjJ
t^akY^rjkYbi(in^ eIi@adi}_rjcK`!^ s = 1 cm z `^m!iMhEadi
es i}tUk ^Y`!^qcfaj_8cpYoKit !in_oKiq@iMhE_8khui A
V1 = 10 cm3
eYiq@inhj_MkYhui[i8r
V2 = 5 cm3
Hg
! ~ "
Hg
10
1 V
V P T
j
ZunIE ju} n \ nM
j un
! !#"
$
+d
d
! "
uz
z
M
u
he
!0"GHTWNZPGVjJJMNVuDUO\SUOTDUN(
j
ZunIE ju} n \ nM
j un
! !#"
$
A MNTWGJ8HWHpSGOTDGN PR FIN *JMFI J)(
optoftGrjcrjkeIi A = 41 zk^ iMkY!i#eIi#oftUh inkYh d = 100 m _8`!kYoKi#eYk ;`hEe tUk ke {oftcrjinajadi
v = 5 km.h
t! tUof_8koKinhoft/`hE_8ieIi
df t cpajaut^raukYh
kY^,lMoplMq@in^!reIi q(tajadi aukY|Y|Z`!aul |b`!^_rjkYiMoW
A
dm = d
b tcKhjik^ aj_EYlMq(t#!in_8ru`hjcpiMo
eYina`hE_8i}a;i8r=iM^5eIlneYkYcKhjioKi[^YcK!intkmes intUk iM^m_EbtkYi|Z`cp^r=eYi
oft#oftUh iMkh;eIioft(hjcKcpgMhji `!huq@ieIkm|Yopt^meIi[os intkb
q@`!^!rjhuinhkYi,opi^cK!intUkes i}tUkinadr|oKka
lMopiM!l=oKiop`^ es kY^Yi=hjcK!i
Y_Mtop_MkYopiMh*ofteYlM^YcpinoKoftGrjcK`!^9_M`hjhui}ad|Z`^etU^rui A
A bSGVTSUOTDUN5PJ ZVjJXEXTDGN PSUNYXHKS(OVuD YDGX MVuJ
]^mq@`IeIlMopcpauios tGrjq`ad|YgMhji[|btUh=kY^ tU[|tUhutUcKreIi@q@t!auauiq`!optcKhji
eI`!^!r=oft
ruiMq@|ZlMhEtGrjkYhuiGthucpit in_=!ztUoKrucKrukbeIieIkopcKink A ]^`!adinhu!i T (z) = T M.(1 =az)29t g.mol
i}_ T = 293 K A
]^|YhjiM^beIhjt[kY^Yi|hui}auaucK`!^tkau`oz P = 1 atmA
t!]^ `badinhu!ik^YixeIl}_8hj`cfauajtU^_MieYi(ruinq|ZlMhEtGrjkYhjixeIi 6 C ru`kba,opina % www9q A *^ eIlneYkYcKhji(oft
GtUopiMkYh*^kYq@lnhucfkYieIi a A
b lMq@`^ruhjiMh[opt`hjqkYopixeI`!^Y^tU^ropi_EbtUq@| eIix|hui}auaucK`!^ {os tcpeIieIikYinopkYi}a,|b`ruYg}adi}a
kYios `!^|Yhjln_McpauiMhEt A
_nkYi=GtUkIr P (z = 4000 m) `q@|thuinh*t in_opiq`IeIgnoKieIios tGruq@`ad|YgMhjicfad`ruYinhuq@i A
e]^inkIr;q(tUcp^!rjiM^t^rkarjc biMhoft(eIl}_8hj`cfauajtU^_Miopcp^YlntcKhjieIi,oftruiMq@|ZlMhEtGrjkYhui,t !in_os torjcrjkeIi A
`^aukY|Y|Z`!auitoK`!hjaQkYi=oKi}a |thdrjcp_MkYopina eIikYcfeIina*aukYYcfajadin^!rQiM^ans lnoKin t^rQk^YieIl8rjiM^ruiteYcptU
tUrucf!ki*hulniMhEaucKYopi A cK^aucY|YhjinajaucK`!^i8rrjiMq@|ZlMhEtGrukhui*au`^r oKcplMi}a|tUh P T = P T t !in_
A `!^ruhjiMhtoK`!hja*kYi,_Mi,q@`eYgMopi|Yhuln`!cr;kY^ieIln_Mhu`!cpajajtU^_MiopcK^lntUcphji,eIiopt(ruiMq@|ZlMhEtG
ic
air
j
ZunIE ju} n \ nM
j un
1
0
0
! !#"
$
v = v(x, y, z)
u
t!' *I|YhjcKq@inh*os t_n_8lMoplMhEtGrjcK`!^es kY^Yi|btUhurucf_8kYopieIi=kYcfeIi A
b9`!^!rjhuinhkYi(|Z`kYh[kY^ kYcfeIi#|thdtcr}zoft|Yhui}auaucp`^ GtUhjcKi#auiMop`^ opinaop`cfaeIi(os IeIhj`!adrjtUrucfkYi
eYt^aQkY^Yi,eIcphjin_rjcK`!^|ZiMhj|ZiM^eIcf_8koptcKhji{[os ln_8`!kYopiMq@iM^r A
_n i8rurui,t @hjq(tGrjcK`!^i}aruinoKopi/karji|b`!kYh*kY^9kYcfeIicfaukYinkIx^Yi ru`^cKin^
z
v A
NL(DnP 8HpJ[P!JCMHKJ bX PGVjJ
^Yi_MoKin|aueYhui=inadrkY^i,Y`hjop` it^!rjcpkYi!zes `hjc cK^il |IrjcKin^Y^Yizbq@inaukYhjt^r;oKi=rjiMq@|a;|btUh;l}_8`koKiM
qin^rQhjl kYopcKinh;es i}tUkeYtU^baQkY^ hul}_8cp|YcKin^r hjt!eIkYl A
]^_8`^badcfeIgMhjikY^hjln_McK|cKin^!r{#adq@l8rjhucpieIi[huln`!oKkIrjcK`!^tUkIrj`kYheIi,os tUi Oz zZopt#eYcpadrjt^_8i,in^ruhji,opt
|tUhj`ceIkhjln_8cp|YcpiM^r*i8r;os tUIi Oz i}ar,
= az
` a i8r n ad`!^!r,eIi}a,_8`!^adrjtU^rjinaks `^5 teIlMruinhuq@cp^YiMh A i`!^e eIi#_8i(hjlnauiMhj`!cKhinadr,|binhj_Ml#es k^
|biMrucKr[`hjc b_8i#eIiadi}_rucp`^ s = 1_8q A
`kIropixauIarjgMq@i(inadr|Yop`^ lxeYt^aos tUruq@`!au|YYgnhui |Yhui}auaucp`^
/i8retU^aQopi,_EtUq@|eIi=|bi}aut^ruiMkhQruiMhjhjinadruhji g = gu _ A kYhji A
P
n
atm
z
S(z)
A
O
s
t!_Mhucphui=oft@_8`^badinhuGtGrjcK`!^eIioftq(tGrucpgMhji=iM^intkzIiM^_M`^aucpeYlMhEtU^r/k^Yi|biMrucKrui,eIkhulni dt A
b+ *I|YhjcKq@inh v iM^`^_8rucp`^ ^`Urjtq@qin^rEQeIi z iM^9tcpajtU^r*os tU||Yhu` Icpq(tGrucp`^ v v A
_n l8ruinhuq@cp^YiMhoKi}aQi8I|Yhjinajadcp`^aQeIi a iMr n |Z`kYh;t !`cph v = cste dz/dt = v = cste A
_Mq |th*qcp^kIrui tGruruiM^rjcK`!^tkIxkY^crjlna
$ /
e tU^a;kYinvoKopi==q@inaukYhui_Mi,eIcpau|Z`!aucrjcinadrd\cKok^Yib`!^Y^Yi=Y`!huop` i
j
ZunIE ju} n \ nM
j un
! !#"
$
h1
Pompe
h2
source
Q = 0, 47 L.s
b `!^huin^eIinqin^rlMopin_8ruhj`U\ql}_Mt^YcpkYilMrjt^!r=eIi w xzbkYinoKopii}aropt#|YkYcfauajtU^_Mi,lMopin_8ruhjcpkYi[i8IcK
lni
]v ^=ans cK
^rulnhui}auauitUkI9`^eYina;t!_8`kbarjcpkYi}a;adi|hu`!|t intU^r;eYt^a*kY^ tU=|tUhutUcKreIcftGrj`q@cpkYi[eI`^r;opi
_8`i #_8cpiM^r = = A i|YopkanzY`^_8`!^aucpeIlnhuinhjt kYiopina*`!^eIina* eYi|Yhui}auaucp`^ad`!^!r;auk #autq@qin^r
hjt|YcpeYina|b`!kYh#kYiopina(_8`!q@|Yhui}auaucp`^a `!k eIl8rjiM^rui}ajop`I_MtUopina@au`cpiM^r#teIcftUbtGrucfkYina
_8inaxadkYhj|Yhjinad
adcp`^al8rEtU^r=eYitcKYopi[tq@|YoKcKrukbeIi[`!^m_8`!^aucpeIlnhuinhjtx!kiopikcpeIi@aukYYcKrkY^i[`!^eIi[eYi_M`q@|Yhjinajadcp`^
teIcftUtUrucfkYikt!adcK\hulniMhEaucKYopi A
t! _Mhucphui=opinaQl}!kbtGrucp`^ba!lMhjc blMina/|th*oKi_Etq@|9eIi=|YhjinajaucK`!^ P (x, y, z, t) zIopi_EtUq@|eIicrjinajadi
i8roft=q(tajadi*!`opkYq@cpkYi (x, y, z, t) A
lnhuc iMh ks cpo[ttkIrjt^res cp^_M`^Y^kYi}a kYi
evs ln(x,ktUy,rucpz,`^t)a A
b `!hjaQeIk|t!auajt ieYios `^eYiopina hjt^eIinkYhjaQaukYYcfauauiM^r;eIi}a*|biMrucKrui}aQk_8ruktUrucp`^a=
1
cp
cv
7
5
P = P0 + P (x, y, z, t)
j
ZunIE ju} n \ nM
j un
! !#"
$
|ZlMhjcK`IeIi T i8reYiop`^ kYiMkhes `^eIi A , os tUcfeIies kY^_Mtop_MkYo!es `hEeIhjieIi hEtU^eIinkYh}z8q@`^ruhjiMh!ki
os `!^(|binkIr^Yl opc iMhopi*ruinhuq@i;^`^(opcK^Yl}tUcphui ruinhuq@i_M`^i}_rucKjeYiMGtU^ropi*ruinhuq@i*cp^adrjtGrjcK`!^Y^tcKhji
{@_8`!^eIcKrucp`^kYi v c ` c inadr;opt@_8lnoKlnhucKruleIi}a*`^beIina*t!_8`kbarjcpkYi}a A
_n]^xaukY|Y|Z`!aui;os l}_8`koKinqin^rcKhjhj`UrjtUrucp`^Y^iMo A `^rjhuinh{os tcpeYieIinalnktUrucp`^a oKcp^YlnthucfaulMinakYi;opi
|Z`Uruin^rucpiMoeIi}aQcrjinajadi}aQ`ZlMcKr{[os lnktGrjcK`!^9eYi s ;opiMq[binhdr,
son
son
1 2
4 = 0
c2 t2
kYi=hjiM|YhjlnauiM^rui c
e9`!^!rjhuinhkYi9|Z`kYh@kY^ tU|tUhutUcKr(eIcptUru`!qcfkYi9oKi}a[`!^eIi}a[t!_8`kbarjcpkYi9adi9|Yhj`|t iM^r@{oft
crjinajadi
r
cson =
RT0
M
p
p0
5
z
j
ZunIE ju} n \ nM
j un
%w
! !#"
$
&('*),+-/. 2 -,? 8.;:3.*+[< (6>@?9.*?
v A SUHKCMFIH
PJ J8VOJX,PJ@CYSUV!J12
^ rjkYbi5eIi eYcptqgMruhji D = 5mm zQeIimhjk `adcKrul = 0, 10mm zrjhjt^au|b`!hdrjieIimos i}tUk { 20 C
cpaj_8`adcKrul = 10 P a.s AY i,eYlMYcKraMs lMopgM!i{ Q = 20cm .s A
t! tUof_8koKinh*optcrjinajadi=q@`Gin^Y^YitUcp^auckYi=oKi^Y`!qYhjieIi iM^Y`!opea A
b- , os tUcfeIieIkeIcpt hEtUq@q@ieIi``eY[`!kYhj^Ycin^xtU^Y^i8Iiz_Mtop_MkYoKinhoft|ZiMhuruieYi_Eth i*kY^YcKrjtUcphji
iM^|YhjinajaucK`!^zI_Us inadrd{GeIcKhjizoft|binhdrji,eIi,_EtUh i|th/k^Ycrjl,eIiop`^ kYiMkYh;eYirjkYZi L = 1m A
Q
= constante
j
ZunIE ju} n \ nM
j un
! !#"
$
%!%
g
L
! 0"
tUof_8koKinh*optcpaj_8`adcKrul eIkq@cpiMo A
YATMFITPJ@PJnTWOJ8XjXMJNZDUNFINT 8DUVL@J@PSUNYXFINZJ[CEDGNZPUFITWO\J
^@oKcfkYcfeIiQhuYln`UkcpeIc bt^!r i8IiMq@|YopiU_8`!oKopizG|Z`opqgnhui/`!^eIkbeIiQr|Zi
[eYi
q@t!auaui`!oKkqcfkYi zZaMs ln_M`kYopieYt^a*kY^Yi_8`!^eIkYcKrui_MoKcp^eIhjcpkYi[es tUIi]zZt in_=k^YieIcfarjhucpYkIrjcK`!^
ruhEtU^auinhjajtUopieIi}a*crjinajadi}a*eIi=opt`!huq@i@
#
"
n+1
n
3n + 1
r
uz
1
v = v0
n+1
r0
1
3
ec =
v2
2
j
ZunIE ju} n \ nM
j un
%v
! !#"
$
&('*),+-/.10 2 .*++
6 ,+ . ?
G),-.
%!A
NZJYJMOTWO\JJ8OFINZJ UVuSUNZP!JMFIHWHKJ
;kI@eIiMkIi8ruhjlMq@cKrul}aes k^@rukYZi*`^(t=eIiMkY[YkYopopina eIi*hEt `!^ahui}ad|Zin_8rucKa i8r t in_
z
oKirukbi,i}ar*l}!kcK|Zl,es kY^hu`!YcK^i8r;kYc|ZiMhjqiMreIitUcphui_M`q@qkY^cpkYinh*oKi}aQRYkYopoKi}Ra _8 A c RkYhui > RA
1
Robinet
R2
R1
! 0"
acier